Bibliografías temáticas / Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 10 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry"

Ardila-Barragán, Marco Antonio, Carlos Francisco Valdés-Rentería, Brennan Pecha, Alfonso López-Díaz, Eduardo Gil-Lancheros, Marley Cecilia Vanegas-Chamorro, Jesús Emilio Camporredondo-Saucedo y Luis Fernando Lozano-Gómez. "Gasification of coal, Chenopodium Album biomass, and co-gasification of a coal-biomass mixture by thermogravimetric-gas analysis". Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, n.º 53 (2 de octubre de 2019): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n53.2019.10147.

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Gasification studies were performed on sub-bituminous coal of the province Centro in Boyacá state of Colombia, vegetable biomass Chenopodium album (cenizo) and co-gasification of coal-biomass mixtures agglomerated with paraffin in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Biomass synergistically promoted thermochemical transformation of the coal was observed. Experimental results were compared to equilibrium composition simulations. Ash fusibility tests of the coal-biomass mixture were carried out, which allowed to clarify its behavior, such as dry or fluid ash according to own chemical composition, during the gasification process. The experimental tests allowed determining the differences in thermal decomposition, between coal, cenizo and coal-biomass blend, which are attributable to the physicochemical properties of each one solid fuel. During the tests, gas chromatography analyses were performed to establish the compositions of the syngas. The syngas obtained from biomass had the highest concentration of CO and the lowest H2; the coal and the coal-biomass mixture were slightly minor respectively. Concentrations of CH4, CO2 and C2H4 were similar between coal and biomass. This result is consistent with the higher calorific value of the coal syngas. The production of syngas from the coal-biomass mixture had the lowest contents of H2 and CO due to synergistic phenomena that occur with the fuel mixture. The co-gasification of the mixture gave the highest syngas production, carbon conversion, and thermal efficiency. These results indicate the viability of co-gasification of coal-Chenopodium album agglomerated mixtures. In gasification of non-agglomerated mixtures of coal-cenizo, the biomass can be burned directly without producing syngas.

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Wu, Zhi Qiang, Shu Zhong Wang, Jun Zhao, Lin Chen y Hai Yu Meng. "Co-Gasification Characteristic and Kinetic Analysis of Spent Mushroom Compost and Bituminous Coal". Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (julio de 2014): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.71.

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Co-gasification of biomass and coal is increasingly considered as a promising technology for sustainable utilization of coal and large-scale use of biomass. Co-gasification characteristic and kinetic analysis are the basic and essential information for the application of this technology. In this paper, co-gasification behavior of a typical bituminous coal from western China and spent mushroom compost (SMC) was investigated through thermogravimetric analyzer. The temperature interval was from ambient temperature to 1000 ○C with various heating rates (10, 20, 40 ○C•min-1) under carbon dioxide atmosphere. Kinetic parameter was solved through Distribution Activation Energy Model (DAEM). The results indicated that he maximum decomposition rates of the mixture and SMC were higher than that of coal except 25% SMC. Slightly synergistic effect during the co-gasification was found. The average values of the activation energy were 25.07 kJ•mol-1 for bituminous coal, 204.47 kJ•mol-1 for 25% SMC, 123.14 kJ•mol-1 for 50% SMC, 144.05 kJ•mol-1 for 75% SMC and 227.50 kJ•mol-1 for SMC, respectively.

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Li, Xiaoming, Caifeng Yang, Mengjie Liu, Jin Bai y Wen Li. "Influence of different biomass ash additive on anthracite pyrolysis process and char gasification reactivity". International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, n.º 3 (27 de julio de 2020): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00349-6.

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Abstract Catalytic coal gasification technology shows prominent advantages in enhancing coal gasification reactivity and is restrained by the cost of catalyst. Two typical biomass ash additions, corn stalk ash (CSA, high K–Na and low Si) and poplar sawdust ash (PSA, high K–Ca and high Si), were employed to study the influence of biomass ash on pyrolysis process and char gasification reactivity of the typical anthracite. Microstructure characteristics of the char samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on isothermal char-CO2 gasification experiments, the influence of biomass ash on reactivity of anthracite char was determined using thermogravimetric analyzer. Furthermore, structural parameters were correlated with different reactivity parameters to illustrate the crucial factor on the gasification reactivity varied with char reaction stages. The results indicate that both CSA and PSA additives hinder the growth of adjacent basic structural units in a vertical direction of the carbon structure, and then slow down the graphitization process of the anthracite during pyrolysis. The inhibition effect is more prominent with the increasing of biomass ash. In addition, the gasification reactivity of anthracite char is significantly promoted, which could be mainly attributed to the abundant active AAEM (especially K and Na) contents of biomass ash and a lower graphitization degree of mixed chars. Higher K and Na contents illustrate that the CSA has more remarkable promotion effect on char gasification reactivity than PSA, in accordance with the inhibition effect on the order degree of anthracite char. The stacking layer number could reasonably act as a rough indicator for evaluating the gasification reactivity of the char samples.

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Czerski, Grzegorz, Katarzyna Zubek y Przemysław Grzywacz. "Kinetics of Pyrolysis and Gasification Using Thermogravimetric and Thermovolumetric Analyses". GeoScience Engineering 62, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2016): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0004.

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Abstract The carbon dioxide gasification process of Miscanthus giganteus biomass was examined using two methods. First an isothermal thermovolumetric method was applied. The measurement was conducted at 950°C and pressure of 0.1 MPa. Based on the continuous analysis of different kinds of gases formed during the gasification process, the thermovolumetric method allowed the determination of yields and composition of the resulting gas as well as the rate constant of CO formation. Then a non-isothermal thermogravimetric method was applied, during which the loss of weight of a sample as a function of temperature was recorded. In the course of the measurement, the temperature was raised from ambient to 950°C and the pressure was 0.1 MPa. As a result, a change in the carbon conversion degree was obtained. Moreover, TGA methods allow distinguishing various stages of the gasification process such as primary pyrolysis, secondary pyrolysis and gasification, and determining kinetic parameters for each stage. The presented methods differs from each other as they are based either on the analysis of changes in the resulting product or on the analysis of changes in the supplied feedstock, but both can be successfully used to the effective examination of kinetics of the gasification process. In addition, an important advantage of both methods is the possibility to carry out the gasification process for different solid fuels as coal, biomass, or solid waste in the atmosphere of a variety of gasification agents.

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Nwabunwanne, Nwokolo, Tonga Vuyokazi, Adeniji Olagoke, Ojemaye Mike, Mukumba Patrick y Okoh Anthony. "Torrefaction Characteristics of Blended Ratio of Sewage Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse for Energy Production". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 6 (16 de marzo de 2021): 2654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062654.

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Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment technique usually adopted for improving biomass properties to be on par with that of coal for energy production. In this study, the torrefaction characteristics of blended fuel of sewage sludge (SS) and sugarcane bagasse (BG) biomass were investigated for the purpose of gasification. The thermal degradation behavior of the blended biomass sample was tested in an inert atmosphere from ambient temperature to 900 °C using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained TGA data aided in the determination of thermochemical parameters that are of necessity in gasification. Morphological changes in the blended torrefied samples were examined through scanning electron microscopy. Further changes in the chemical structure of the samples were investigated through Fourier-transform infrared analysis. The blend ratio of 75% SS + 25% BG torrefied at 350 °C gave the highest energy value (HHV) of 23.62 MJ/kg, fixed carbon of 51.37 wt % and fuel ratio of 1.70. The obtained fuel ratio is comparable to that required for optimum combustion performance of coal. The morphological structure of the samples showed that there was an aggregation of the biomass particles into small lumps at higher torrefaction temperature for 50% SS + 50% BG and 75% SS + 25% BG blend indicating a better grind ability of the biomass material. Thus, it can be concluded that the blend and torrefaction enhanced the properties of the biomass materials.

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Dai, Bing, Jia-Yong Qiu, Shan Ren, Bu-Xin Su, Xiang Ding, Dian-Chun Ju, Ni Bai y Hong-Ming Long. "Kinetic analysis of CO2 gasification of biochar and anthracite based on integral isoconversional nonlinear method". High Temperature Materials and Processes 39, n.º 1 (2 de octubre de 2020): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0086.

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AbstractThe nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis was implemented for gasification of sawdust char (SD-char), wheat straw char (WS-char), rice husk char (RH-char), bamboo char (BB-char) and anthracite coal (AC) in the presence of CO2. The dependence of activation energy upon conversion for different biochars and AC was obtained by the integral isoconversional nonlinear (NL-INT) method which is a model-free method. Based on the activation energy values from the NL-INT method, a model-fitting method called random pore model (RPM) was used to estimate the kinetic parameters including the preexponential factor and pore structure parameter from the experimental data. The results are shown that the gasification reactivity of different samples from high to low can be sorted as that of WS-char, SD-char, BB-char, RH-char and AC. In the early stage of gasification, the activation energy values of biochars increase generally with an increase in the conversion degree, whereas the value of AC decreases. Thereafter, the activation energy values remain almost unchanged when the conversion is up to some extent. When the conversion degree varies between about 0.3 and 0.9, these carbon materials can be sorted in the order of average activation energy from low to high as WS-char, SD-char, AC, RH-char and BB-char, respectively, 134.3, 143.8, 168.5, 184.8 and 193.0 kJ/mol. It is shown that a complex multistep mechanism occurs in the initial stage of gasification, while a single-step gasification mechanism exists in the rest of the gasification process. The RPM is suitable for describing the gasification of biomass chars and AC except the initial gasification. Additionally, it is found that the kinetic compensation effect (KCE) still exists in the gasification reactions of biochars and AC. However, the AC deviates markedly from the KCE curve. This may be caused by the similarity of carbonaceous structure of biochars and the difference in reactivity between biochars and AC.

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Kazawadi, Deodatus, Geoffrey R. John y Cecil K. King’ondu. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Characteristics of Kiwira Coal Waste with Rice Husk Blends for Gasification". Journal of Energy 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/562382.

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Eminent depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution are the key forces driving the implementation cofiring of fossil fuels and biomass. Cogasification as a technology is known to have advantages of low cost, high energy recovery, and environmental friendliness. The performance/efficiency of this energy recovery process substantially depends on thermal properties of the fuel. This paper presents experimental study of thermal behavior of Kiwira coal waste/rice husks blends. Compositions of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% weight percentage rice husk were studied using thermogravimetric analyzer at the heating rate of 10 K/min to 1273 K. Specifically, degradation rate, conversion rate, and kinetic parameters have been studied. Thermal stability of coal waste was found to be higher than that of rice husks. In addition, thermal stability of coal waste/rice husk blend was found to decrease with an increase of rice husks. In contrast, both the degradation and devolatilization rates increased with the amount of rice husk. On the other hand, the activation energy dramatically reduced from 131 kJ/mol at 0% rice husks to 75 kJ/mol at 100% rice husks. The reduction of activation energy is advantageous as it can be used to design efficient performance and cost effective cogasification process.

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Teh, Jun Sheng, Yew Heng Teoh, Heoy Geok How y Farooq Sher. "Thermal Analysis Technologies for Biomass Feedstocks: A State-of-the-Art Review". Processes 9, n.º 9 (8 de septiembre de 2021): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091610.

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An effective analytical technique for biomass characterisation is inevitable for biomass utilisation in energy production. To improve biomass processing, various thermal conversion methods such as torrefaction, pyrolysis, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification have been widely used to improve biomass processing. Thermogravimetric analysers (TG) and gas chromatography (GC) are among the most fundamental analytical techniques utilised in biomass thermal analysis. Thus, GC and TG, in combination with MS, FTIR, or two-dimensional analysis, were used to examine the key parameters of biomass feedstock and increase the productivity of energy crops. We can also determine the optimal ratio for combining two separate biomass or coals during co-pyrolysis and co-gasification to achieve the best synergetic relationship. This review discusses thermochemical conversion processes such as torrefaction, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification. Then, the thermochemical conversion of biomass using TG and GC is discussed in detail. The usual emphasis on the various applications of biomass or bacteria is also discussed in the comparison of the TG and GC. Finally, this study investigates the application of technologies for analysing the composition and developed gas from the thermochemical processing of biomass feedstocks.

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Hao, Jia y Qi Min Wang. "The Interaction Mechanism of Biomass and Coal Co-Gasification". Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (agosto de 2013): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.330.

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The development of biomass and coal co-gasification technology not only helps to alleviate the energyshortage crisis, but also reduces the pollution of fossil fuels to ecological environment. Co-gasification of biomass and coal can overcome in a certain extent tar emerge in biomass gasification, alkali chloride corrosion, low reaction temperature etc, can increase the calorific value of the gasified gas, can also improve the gasification characteristics. However, due to the biomass compositions differences and the gasification technologies differences, there are the different studies results of co-gasification of biomass and coal. This paper summarized and analyzed the biomass and coal co-gasification study literatures, it is conclude that the biomass compositions can enhance the coal gasification reaction if the biomass compositions intensive mixed with the coal compositions. If not, the biomass gasification and the coal gasification would react separately. This conclusion provides a theoretical basis of the biomass and coal co-gasification and accelerates the biomass gasification technologies development.

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Hotchkiss, R. "Coal gasification technologies". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 217, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2003): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765003321148664.

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This paper reviews coal gasification processes and technology. Sources of more detailed information in specific areas are suggested. The merits and disadvantages of incorporating coal gasification into power generation plants are discussed. The recent history of coal gasification technology and the current state of projects are summarized. The potential for large-scale coal gasification, small-scale coal gasification and cogasification of coal with biomass and/or wastes in the current economic climate is discussed.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry"

Bu, Jiachuan. "Kinetic analysis of coal and biomass co-gasification with carbon dioxide". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10457.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 184 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-84).

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Zhou, Lingmei. "Kinetic study on co-gasification of coal and biomass". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-154403.

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Thermal co-processing of coal and biomass has been increasingly focused for its environmental and economic benefits. In the present work, the experimental and kinetic study on co-pyrolysis and co-gasification of Rhenish brown coal (HKN) and wheat straw (WS) was made. The pyrolysis behavior, especially for co-pyrolysis, was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a small fixed bed reactor (LPA). In TGA, the mass loss and reaction rate of single and blend samples were studied under various experimental conditions, and their effects on synergy effects. The synergy effects on products yield and properties of chars were studied in LPA. The kinetics of pyrolysis was obtained based on data from TGA by using the Coats-Redfern method. For gasification with CO2, a small fixed bed reactor (quartz glass reactor), equipped with an online GC to monitor the gas composition, was used. The effects of processing conditions on gasification behavior and synergy effects for mixed chars and co-pyrolysis chars were investigated. The volume reaction model (VRM), shrinking core model (SCM) and random pore model (RPM), were applied to fit the experimental data. The model best fitting the experiments was used to calculate the kinetic parameters. The reaction orders of gasification reactions with single chars are also investigated. The pyrolysis study showed that a small amount of wheat straw added to the brown coal promoted the decomposition better and showed more significant synergy effects. The synergy effects varied with increasing heating rates and pressures, especially at 40 bar. The kinetic parameters were inconsistent with experimental behavior during co-pyrolysis, since the reaction was also affected by heat transfer, contact time, particles distribution and so on. The gasification study on single chars showed that Rhenish brown coal chars had higher reactivity; chars pyrolyzed at higher temperatures showed lower reactivity; and higher gasification temperatures and CO2 partial pressures led to higher reactivity. For co-gasification process, there was no significant synergy effect for mixed chars. However, negative synergy effects (reactivity decreased compared to the calculated values based on rule of mixing) were observed for co-pyrolysis chars, caused by properties change by co-pyrolysis process. For kinetics, the reaction orders of chars ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Only random pore model fitted most experiments at low and high temperatures. Synergy effects were also observed in kinetic parameters. The values of activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A for mixed chars and co-pyrolysis chars were lower than expected. The negative synergy effects showed the pre-exponential factor A had more effects. However, the higher reactivity of mixed chars than co-pyrolysis chars showed that the reaction was affected more by activation energy E. Therefore, only investigating E or A value was not enough. In addition, a marked compensation effect between activation energies and pre-exponential factors was found in the present study. The isokinetic temperature for the present study was 856 °C. This was close to the temperature at which the gasification reaction transforms from the chemical controlled zone to the diffusion controlled zone for most chars.

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Bhagavatula, Abhijit. "THERMO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION OF COAL-BIOMASS BLENDS: KINETICS MODELING OF PYROLYSIS, MOVING BED GASIFICATION AND STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/43.

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The past few years have seen an upsurge in the use of renewable biomass as a source of energy due to growing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels and the need for energy independence due to depleting fossil fuel resources. Although coal will continue to be a major source of energy for many years, there is still great interest in replacing part of the coal used in energy generation with renewable biomass. Combustion converts inherent chemical energy of carbonaceous feedstock to only thermal energy. On the other hand, partial oxidation processes like gasification convert chemical energy into thermal energy as well as synthesis gas which can be easily stored or transported using existing infrastructure for downstream chemical conversion to higher value specialty chemicals as well as production of heat, hydrogen, and power. Devolatilization or pyrolysis plays an important role during gasification and is considered to be the starting point for all heterogeneous gasification reactions. Pyrolysis kinetic modeling is, therefore, an important step in analyzing interactions between blended feedstocks. The thermal evolution profiles of different coal-biomass blends were investigated at various heating rates using thermogravimetric analysis. Using MATLAB, complex models for devolatilization of the blends were solved for obtaining and predicting the global kinetic parameters. Parallel first order reactions model, distributed activation energy model and matrix inversion algorithm were utilized and compared for this purpose. Using these global kinetic parameters, devolatilization rates of unknown fuel blends gasified at unknown heating rates can be accurately predicted using the matrix inversion method. A unique laboratory scale auto-thermal moving bed gasifier was also designed and constructed for studying the thermochemical conversion of coal-biomass blends. The effect of varying operating parameters was analyzed for optimizing syngas production. In addition, stable carbon isotope analysis using Gas Chromatography-Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) was used for qualitatively and quantitatively measuring individual contributions of coal and biomass feedstocks for generation of carbonaceous gases during gasification. The predictive models utilized and experimental data obtained via these methods can provide valuable information for analyzing synergistic interactions between feedstocks and also for process modeling and optimization.

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Newalkar, Gautami. "High-pressure pyrolysis and gasification of biomass". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53917.

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With the limited reserves of fossil fuels and the environmental problems associated with their use, the world is moving towards cleaner, renewable, and sustainable sources of energy. Biomass is a promising feedstock towards attaining this goal because it is abundant, renewable, and can be considered as a carbon neutral source of energy. Syngas can be further processed to produce liquid fuels, hydrogen, high value chemicals, or it can be converted to heat and power using turbines. Most of the downstream processing of syngas occurs at high pressures, which requires cost intensive gas compression. It has been considered to be techno-economically advantageous to generate pressurized syngas by performing high-pressure gasification. Gasification utilizes high temperatures and an oxidizing gas to convert biomass to synthesis gas (syngas, a mixture of CO and H2). Most of the past studies on gasification used process conditions that did not simulate an industrial gasification operation. This work aims at understanding the chemical and physical transformations taking place during high-pressure biomass gasification at heating rates of practical significance. We have adopted an approach of breaking down the gasification process into two steps: 1) Pyrolysis or devolatalization (fast step), and 2) Char gasification (slow step). This approach allows us to understand pyrolysis and char gasification separately and also to study the effect of pyrolysis conditions on the char gasification kinetics. Alkali and alkaline earth metals in biomass are known to catalyze the gasification reaction. This potentially makes biomass feedstock a cheap source of catalyst during coal gasification. This work also explores catalytic interactions in biomass-coal blends during co-gasification of the mixed feeds. The results of this study can be divided into four parts: (a) pyrolysis of loblolly pine; (b) gasification of pine chars; (c) pyrolysis and gasification of switchgrass; (d) co-gasification of pine/switchgrass with lignite and bituminous coals.

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Long, Henry A. III. "Analysis of Biomass/Coal Co-Gasification for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Systems with Carbon Capture". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1371.

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In recent years, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Technology (IGCC) has become more common in clean coal power operations with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). Great efforts have been spent on investigating ways to improve the efficiency, reduce costs, and further reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on investigating two approaches to achieve these goals. First, replace the subcritical Rankine steam cycle with a supercritical steam cycle. Second, add different amounts of biomass as feedstock to reduce emissions. Finally, implement several types of CCS, including sweet- and sour-shift pre-combustion and post-combustion. Using the software, Thermoflow®, this study shows that utilizing biomass with coal up to 50% (wt.) can improve the efficiency, and reduce emissions: even making the plant carbon-negative when CCS is used. CCS is best administered pre-combustion using sour-shift, and supercritical steam cycles are thermally and economically better than subcritical cycles. Both capital and electricity costs have been presented.

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Nyendu, Guevara Che. "Non-Catalytic Co-Gasification of Sub-Bituminous Coal and Biomass". DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4233.

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Fluidization characteristics and co-gasification of pulverized sub-bituminous coal, hybrid poplar wood, corn stover, switchgrass, and their mixtures were investigated. Co-gasification studies were performed over temperature range from 700°C to 900°C in different media (N2, CO2, steam) using a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. In fluidization experiments, pressure drop (ΔP) observed for coal-biomass mixtures was higher than those of single coal and biomass bed materials in the complete fluidization regime. There was no systematic trend observed for minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) with increasing biomass content. However, porosity at minimum fluidization (εmf) increased with increasing biomass content. Channeling effects were observed in biomass bed materials and coal bed with 40 wt.% and 50 wt.% biomass content at low gas flowrates. The effect of coal pressure overshoot reduced with increasing biomass content. Co-gasification of coal and corn stover mixtures showed minor interactions. Synergetic effects were observed with 10 wt.% corn stover. Coal mixed with corn stover formed agglomerates during co-gasification experiments and the effect was severe with increase in corn stover content and at 900°C. Syngas (H2 + CO) concentrations obtained using CO2 as cogasification medium were higher (~78 vol.% at 700°C, ~87 vol.% at 800°C, ~93 vol.% at 900°C) than those obtained with N2 medium (~60 vol.% at 700°C, ~65 vol.% at 800°C, ~75 vol.% at 900°C). Experiments involving co-gasification of coal with poplar showed no synergetic effects. Experimental yields were identical to predicted yield. However, synergetic effects were observed on H2 production when steam was used as the co-gasification medium. Additionally, the presence of steam increased H2/CO ratio up to 2.5 with 10 wt.% hybrid poplar content. Overall, char and tar yields decreased with increasing temperature and increasing biomass content, which led to increase in product gas.

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Li, Fanxing. "CHEMICAL LOOPING GASIFICATION PROCESSES". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236704412.

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Xu, Qixiang. "Investigation of Co-Gasification Characteristics of Biomass and Coal in Fluidized Bed Gasifiers". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8399.

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This thesis presents research on the co-gasification characteristic of biomass and coal, and mathematical modelling of the co-gasification process in two main parts: i) experimental investigation and mathematical modelling of reaction kinetics of steam gasification of single char particles of pure coal, pure biomass, and blended coal and biomass; and ii) Experimental investigation and mathematical modelling of gasification characteristics of biomass, coal and their blends in pilot scale gasifiers. From the char reactivity study, the instinct difference in gasification characteristics of the two chars has been explained and reactivity of blended char can be predicted. In the pilot scale gasifier study, effects of blending ratio in feedstock and operating conditions on co-gasification of biomass and coal were investigated.

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Parenti, Joshua A. "Thermo-gravimetric analysis of CO₂ induced gasification upon selected coal/biomass chars and blends". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10229.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 126 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-69).

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Lakey, Thomas E. "Gasification of coal and biomass char using a superheated steam flame". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16526/.

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Gasification of coal or biomass can produce hydrogen rich synthetic gas (syngas) for use in fuel cells, liquid fuels or chemicals. While coal gasification is well established, biomass gasifiers have been hindered by costs and difficulties such as tar and ash deposition. Ultra-Superheated Steam (USS) has been proposed as an economical method to maximise gasification temperatures and hydrogen yields. A novel entrained flow USS gasification system showed promise with coal in a previous investigation. The main objectives were to investigate how a USS gasification system produced high hydrogen yields and feedstock conversion within a short residence time. Secondly, apply the system to biomass gasification for sustainable hydrogen production. The principle tasks were to identify the factors affecting the product composition, and experimentally compare the conversion and yields from coal and biomass materials. Numerical software was used to investigate gas and particle behaviour inside the burner. Coal and a unique high ash softwood char were successfully gasified. Char yielded up to 34.9%mol H2 and 25.1%mol CO in the dry gas, demonstrating higher conversion and yields than coal despite lower feedstock heating value and feeding rates. Biomass ash was considered to catalyse char conversion. No detrimental effect was observed from ash deposition, which was dry and easily removed. A fluid model mapped temperature distribution, showing good correlation with validation measurements and supporting the observation that wall temperature greatly affected particle conversion. Particle residence times were inversely proportional to particle diameter and density. High ash biochar showed greater conversion than coal. Economic analysis revealed the system would be most competitive on an existing site with available feedstocks and steam. A longer reactor would increase time for homogeneous reactions to play a greater role. With further development this technology has potential to produce hydrogen competitively on a commercial scale.

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Libros sobre el tema "Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry"

De, Santanu, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, V. S. Moholkar y Bhaskar Thallada, eds. Coal and Biomass Gasification. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9.

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Moilanen, Antero. Thermogravimetric characterisations of biomass and waste for gasification processes. [Espoo, Finland]: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2006.

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Graf, Ulrich. Gasificación térmica de biomasa para la costa pacífica colombiana. Cali: CVC, 1987.

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P, Cheremisinoff Nicholas, ed. Gasification technologies: A primer for engineers and scientists. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Gasification Of Unconventional Feedstocks. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2014.

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Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, Santanu De y V. S. Moholkar. Coal and Biomass Gasification: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Springer, 2017.

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Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, Santanu De, V. S. Moholkar y Bhaskar Thallada. Coal and Biomass Gasification: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Springer, 2019.

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Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, Santanu De, V. S. Moholkar y Bhaskar Thallada. Coal and Biomass Gasification: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Springer, 2018.

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Rezaiyan, John y Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff. Gasification Technologies: A Primer for Engineers and Scientists (Chemical Industries). CRC, 2005.

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Pressurised fluidised-bed gasification experiments with biomass, peat and coal at VTT in 1991-1994: Part 3, gasification of Danish wheat straw and coal. 1996.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry"

Rajasekhar Reddy, B. y R. Vinu. "Feedstock Characterization for Pyrolysis and Gasification". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 3–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_1.

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Gupta, Saurabh, Sminu Bhaskaran y Santanu De. "Numerical Modelling of Fluidized Bed Gasification: An Overview". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 243–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_10.

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Kumar, Mayank. "Entrained Flow Gasification: Current Status and Numerical Simulations". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 281–306. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_11.

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Salem, Ahmed M., Umesh Kumar, Ainul Nadirah Izaharuddin, Harnek Dhami, Tata Sutardi y Manosh C. Paul. "Advanced Numerical Methods for the Assessment of Integrated Gasification and CHP Generation Technologies". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 307–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_12.

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Agarwal, Ramesh K., Mengqiao Yang y Subhodeep Banerjee. "Transient Cold Flow Simulation of a Fast Fluidized Bed Fuel Reactor for Chemical Looping Combustion". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 331–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_13.

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Arora, Pratham, Andrew Hoadley y Sanjay Mahajani. "Sustainability Assessment of the Biomass Gasification Process for Production of Ammonia". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 351–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_14.

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Indrawan, Natarianto, Ajay Kumar y Sunil Kumar. "Recent Advances in Power Generation Through Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Gasification". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 369–401. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_15.

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Kaundal, Ankur, Satvasheel Powar y Atul Dhar. "Solar-Assisted Gasification Based Cook Stoves". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 403–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_16.

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Bhaskaran, Sminu, Saurabh Gupta y Santanu De. "Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification of Solid Fuels". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 425–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_17.

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Mukunda, H. S. y Suresh Attanoor. "New Pathways in Clean Combustion of Biomass and Coal via Partial Gasification". En Coal and Biomass Gasification, 455–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7335-9_18.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry"

Collot, Anne-Gaëlle, Athanasios Megaritis, Alan A. Herod, Denis R. Dugwell y Raphael Kandiyoti. "Co-Pyrolysis and Co-Gasification of Coal and Biomass in a Pressurized Fixed-Bed Reactor". En ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-162.

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The co-processing of coal-biomass mixtures under inert and reducing atmospheres has been studied in a bench scale fixed-bed (‘hot-rod’) reactor. The aim was to look for evidence of synergistic effects during the co-gasification of coal and biomass. Total volatile release, tar and char yields from mixtures of Daw Mill coal and Silver Birch wood (alone and in mixtures of 25, 50 and 75 % by weight), have been determined as a function of temperature (850 and 1000 °C) and pressures (up to 25 bar) under He-pyrolysis and CO2-gasification conditions. The total volatile yields of mixtures have been found to match those calculated theoretically from pure coal and biomass values under all conditions attempted, thus suggesting a lack of synergy in the amount of char produced. However, char reactivity measurements in an atmospheric thermogravimetric analyser (isothermal combustion in air at 500 °C) indicate that chars of coal-biomass mixtures have higher combustion reactivities than would be expected from the reactivities of the raw fuels alone. Similarly, the tar yields from mixtures are also somewhat higher than those predicted from the individual contributions of coal and biomass.

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Harris, A. T., S. A. Scott, J. S. Dennis, A. N. Hayhurst y J. F. Davidson. "The Gasification of Sewage Sludge in Bubbling Fluidized Beds". En 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-070.

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This paper gives the first measurements from a project investigating the gasification of dried sewage sludge in a laboratory scale, bubbling fluidized bed at atmospheric pressure. The aim of the work was to examine the reactions occurring in a fluidized bed gasifier rather than simply treat the reactor as a ‘black box’. Experiments were performed to investigate the rates of drying, devolatilisation, gasification and combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis, as well as batch fluidized bed experiments using mechanically dewatered, dried and pelletised municipal sewage sludges from different regions in the UK were performed. A comparison was made between the different samples of sludge and a low rank coal and softwood biomass. A distributed activation energy model (DAEM) for interpreting the kinetics of devolatilisation was also investigated. The model was able to reduce the results from several TGA experiments to a single curve characterised by a single parameter, the pre-exponential factor, A.

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Wu, Zhiqiang, Shuzhong Wang, Jun Zhao, Lin Chen y Haiyu Meng. "Investigation on Thermal and Kinetic Characteristics During Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Lignocellulosic Agricultural Residue". En ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32162.

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Co-utilization of coal and lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to reduce greenhouse gases emission from energy production. As a fundamental step of typically thermochemical co-utilization (e.g., co-combustion, co-gasification), co-pyrolysis of coal and lignocellulosic biomass has remarkable effect on the conversation of the further step. Thermal behavior and kinetic analysis are prerequisite for predicting co-pyrolysis performance and modeling co-gasification and co-combustion processes. In this paper, co-pyrolysis behavior of a Chinese bituminous coal blended with lignocellulosic agricultural residue (wheat straw collected from north of China) and model compound (cellulose) were explored via thermogravimetric analyzer. Bituminous coal and lignocellulosic agricultural residue were heated from ambient temperature to 900 °C under different heating rates (10, 20, 40 °C·min−1) with various mass mixing ratios (coal/lignocellulosic agricultural residue ratios of 100, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0). Activation energy were calculate via iso-conversional method (eg. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Starink methods). The results indicated that pyrolysis rate of coal was accelerated by wheat straw under all mixing conditions. Cellulose promoted the pyrolysis rate of coal under equal or lesser than 50% mass ratio. Some signs about positive or passive synergistic effect were found in char yield. Char yields were lower than that calculated from individual samples for bituminous coal and wheat straw. With the increasing of cellulose mass ratio, the positive synergies on char yields were reduced, resulting in passive synergistic effect especially under higher coal/cellulose mass ratio (25/75). Nonlinearity performance was observed from the distribution of activation energy.

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de Jong, W., J. Andries y K. R. G. Hein. "Coal-Biomass Gasification in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasifier". En ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-159.

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In the framework of a multi-national European Joule project, experimental research and modeling concerning co-gasification of biomass and coal in a bubbling pressurized fluidized bed reactor is performed. The impact of fuel characteristics (biomass type, mixing ratio) and process conditions (pressure, temperature, gas residence time, air-fuel ratio and air-steam ratio) on the performance of the gasifier (carbon conversion, fuel gas composition, non-steady state behaviour) was studied experimentally and theoretically. Pelletized straw and miscanthus were used as biomass fuels. The process development unit has a maximum thermal capacity of 1.5 MW and was operated at pressures up to 10 bar and bed temperatures in the range of 650 °C–900 °C. The bed zone of the reactor is 2 m high with a diameter of 0.4 m and is followed by an adiabatic freeboard, approximately 4 m high with a diameter of 0.5 m. Time-averaged as well as time-dependent characteristics of the fuel gas were determined experimentally. The results will be compared with the gas turbine requirements provided by a gas turbine manufacturer, one of the partners in the project. The evaluation of the results will ultimately be used to implement and test an adequate control strategy for the pressurized fluidized bed gasifier integrated with a gas turbine combustion chamber.

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Scott, S. A., A. T. Harris, J. S. Dennis, A. N. Hayhurst y J. F. Davidson. "Gasification of Biomass: The Consequences of Equilibrium". En 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-072.

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A model minimising Gibbs Free Energy is used to examine the thermodynamic limits of performance of a gasifier for biomass and other alternative fuels. The minimisation of free energy is highly flexible in that it allows a large number of species to be examined. Such an equilibrium model gives insight into the differences in the behaviour of coal and biomass in gasifiers. Biomass differs from coal in terms of heating value, ash, volatile and carbon contents and the amount of elemental oxygen. The model has been used to explore, entirely from a thermodynamic viewpoint: (i) the off-gas compositions, (ii) the impact of process variables on the heat balance and when gasification is complete, (iii) the effect of different gasification agents on process performance and (iv) optimisation of the calorific value of the hot and cold gas produced. Dried sewage sludge was used as a typical biomass fuel for these simulations. For biomass fuels with a low calorific value, it is shown that co-gasification with a support-fuel of higher calorific value, for example coal, is more practicable than gasification of the biomass alone.

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Long, Henry A. y Ting Wang. "Case Studies for Biomass/Coal Co-Gasification in IGCC Applications". En ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45512.

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Employing biomass as a feedstock to generate fuels or power has the advantage of being carbon neutral or even becoming carbon negative, if carbon is captured and sequestrated. However, there are challenges facing the effective utilization of biomass wastes: (a) biomass supply is limited and varies with the seasons, (b) biomass density is low and expensive for long-distance transportation, and (c) due to a limited supply of feedstock, biomass plants are usually small, which results in higher capital and production costs. Considering these challenges, it is more economically attractive and less technically challenging to co-combust or co-gasify biomass wastes with coal. This paper focuses on discussing issues associated with coal/biomass co-gasification as well as an investigation into the effect of adding different amounts of biomass up to 50% (wt.) on a 250MW IGCC plant’s performance, although a smaller plant of 75MW using 100% biomass is also included for comparison. The Siemens SGT6-6000G and Alstom GT8C2 gas turbines are used in the larger and smaller plants respectively. The results show the plant’s efficiency increases first as 10% biomass is added; then decreases as the biomass is increased to 30%; and increases again once the biomass reaches 50%. The variation of efficiency is minor, only within one percentage between 38% and 39%. The advantage of adding biomass can be seen from the almost proportional reductions of SOx, ash, energy for H2S removal, water for scrubber, and the effective CO2 emission. The effective CO2 is calculated by subtracting the neutral CO2 that is theoretically produced by burning the added biomass.

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Paskach, Thomas J. y John P. Reardon. "Gasification: Eliminating Risks Associated With Co-Firing Biomass". En ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27360.

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Under certain greenhouse gas (GHG) regulation scenarios, older coal-fired units may be faced with the prospect of shutdown before reaching the end of their useful life. Repurposing this existing asset for 100% biomass fuel is a more efficient use of capital than compared to building a new stand-alone unit. Biomass co-firing is an alternative for an owner to consider to address GHG regulation impacts on older coal-fired power boilers and the growing demands of pending legislation. “Direct” co-firing is a baseline approach where finely divided biomass is injected directly into the boiler furnace. Direct co-firing experience is typically less than 5% heat rate, and technical upper limits have been described in EPRI literature (1) as approximately 10% of boiler heat. Direct co-firing also does not enhance the opportunity to co-fire biomass with natural gas. Direct biomass co-firing may require extensive renovations and emissions/particulate control devices. “Indirect” co-firing is an alternative process that mitigates process risk by first converting the biomass into a fuel gas and then cleaning this gas to remove alkali and chloride contaminants prior to combustion in the power boiler furnace. Indirect co-firing may be a superior approach from an operations perspective because it protects against forced outages and repair costs expected with direct co-firing (2). Gas cleaning to remove alkali metals from the fuel gas prior to combustion reduces process risk by reducing fouling and slagging potential. Removing chloride from the fuel gas dramatically reduces the corrosion potential. Beyond reducing process risk, separating biomass ash before combustion retains the value in separate co-product ash streams, as it prevents intermingling with the coal ash. This paper describes technical and economic considerations for indirect co-firing, contrasted with direct co-firing approaches. The renewable energy ratio of a co-fired unit could be significantly increased by employing biomass gasification of the solid fuel with gas cleanup, in contrast to process risks, added emissions control costs, and technical limitations of direct co-firing of the solid biofuel.

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Aijun Wang, Xiaotao Zhang, Hongqiang Zhang, H. Arellano-Garcia y G. Wozny. "Performance evaluation of biomass co-gasification with coal in entrained-flow gasifirer". En Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2011.5930867.

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Andre´, Rui Neto, Filomena Pinto, Carlos Franco, Celestino Tavares, Ma´rio Dias, I. Gulyurtlu y I. Cabrita. "Co-Gasification Study and Optimisation of Coal, Biomass and Plastics Waste Mixtures". En ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30011.

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The continuous grow of world population has led to a substantial increase in energy demand. On the other hand, it has given rise to generating large amounts of wastes, which need to be disposed of without any damage to the environment. Such scenario has led to the idea of studying the application of gasification technology to mixtures of coal and wastes. The results obtained so far are encouraging, as they have shown that it is possible to co-gasify coal mixed with either pine or polyethylene wastes to values up to 40% (w/w) of wastes, being even possible to substitute one waste type by the other, whenever their availability are seasonal affected. However, the presence of PE wastes favoured the release of hydrocarbons, which may be reduced by either an increase in gasification temperature or in air flow.

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Itaya, Yoshinori, Akira Suami y Nobusuke Kobayashi. "Non-slag co-gasification of biomass and coal in entrained-bed furnace". En THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON POWDER TECHNOLOGY INDONESIA (ICePTi) 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5024057.

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Informes sobre el tema "Biomass gasification. Coal gasification. Thermogravimetry"

Mitchell, Reginald. Gasification Characteristics of Coal/Biomass Mixed Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1168642.

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Maghzi, Shawn, Ramanathan Subramanian, George Rizeq, Surinder Singh, John McDermott, Boris Eiteneer, David Ladd, Arturo Vazquez, Denise Anderson y Noel Bates. Product Characterization for Entrained Flow Coal/Biomass Co-Gasification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1084032.

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Maghzi, Shawn, Ramanathan Subramanian, George Rizeq, Surinder Singh, John McDermott, Boris Eiteneer, David Ladd, Arturo Vazquez, Denise Anderson y Noel Bates. Product Characterization for Entrained Flow Coal/Biomass Co-Gasification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048879.

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Terry Parker, Robert Braun, Chris Dreyer, Anthony Dean, Mark Eberhart, Robert Kee, Jason Porter, Ivar Reimanis y Nigel Sammes. Coal/Biomass Gasification at the Colorado School of Mines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febrero de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1051499.

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Wang, Ping, Bret Howard, Sheila Hedges, Bryan Morreale, Dirk Van Essendelft y David Berry. Thermal Pretreatment of Wood for Co-gasification/co-firing of Biomass and Coal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octubre de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1121718.

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Battaglia, Francine, Foster Agblevor, Michael Klein y Reza Sheikhi. Investigation of Coal-biomass Catalytic Gasification using Experiments, Reaction Kinetics and Computational Fluid Dynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329004.

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Felix, Larry, William Farthing y S. Kent Hoekman. Research and development to prepare and characterize robust coal/biomass mixtures for direct co-feeding into gasification systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1176858.

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Placido, Andrew, Don Challman, Kunlei Liu, Rodney Andrews, Gary Jacobs, Burt Davis, Wenping Ma y Kwabena Darkwah. Small-scale pilot plant for gasification of coal and coal/biomass blends and conversion of derived syngas to liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1458389.

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Desai, Tapan y Matt Flannery. Technical - Coal Gasification Technologies Subtopic d: Hybrid Integrated Concepts for IGCC (with CCS) and Non-Biomass Renewable Energy (e.g. Solar, Wind). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1123379.

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Larson, Eric, Robert Williams, Thomas Kreutz, Ilkka Hannula, Andrea Lanzini y Guangjian Liu. Energy, Environmental, and Economic Analyses of Design Concepts for the Co-Production of Fuels and Chemicals with Electricity via Co-Gasification of Coal and Biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1047698.

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