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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Botswana. – Ministry of Health"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Botswana. – Ministry of Health"

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Bussmann, Christine, Philip Rotz, Ndwapi Ndwapi, Daniel Baxter, Hermann Bussmann, C. William Wester, Patricia Ncube et al. "Strengthening Healthcare Capacity Through a Responsive, Country-Specific, Training Standard: The KITSO AIDS Training Program’s Sup-port of Botswana’s National Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout". Open AIDS Journal 2, n.º 1 (29 de febrero de 2008): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613600802010010.

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In parallel with the rollout of Botswana’s national antiretroviral therapy (ART) program, the Botswana Ministry of Health established the KITSO AIDS Training Program by entering into long-term partnerships with the Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership for HIV Research and Education and others to provide standardized, country-specific training in HIV/AIDS care. The KITSO training model has strengthened human capacity within Botswana’s health sector and been indispensable to successful ART rollout. Through core and advanced training courses and clinical mentoring, different cadres of health care workers have been trained to provide high-quality HIV/AIDS care at all ART sites in the country. Continuous and standardized clinical education will be crucial to sustain the present level of care and successfully address future treatment challenges.

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Popli, Pallvi, Mansi R. Shah, Tlotlo B. Ralefala, Deborah Toppmeyer, Roger Strair, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Atlang Mompe et al. "Reducing Oncologic Disparities by Standardizing Cancer Care". JCO Global Oncology 6, Supplement_1 (julio de 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.61000.

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PURPOSE Shortages in oncology-trained health care providers pose a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and contribute to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Presently, the sole oncologist in the public sector at Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana’s largest oncology referral center, is overextended, causing medical officers to be the primary providers for patients with cancer. Medical officers do not possess formal oncology training, which can potentially lead to imprecise management and suboptimal treatment. In addition, there is no standardized patient interview process in the hematology clinic, leading to inadequately captured patient records. These realities highlight the need for the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based guidelines and intake forms to standardize the delivery of cancer care for practitioners with varying degrees of training. METHODS To serve as a reference for medical officers and oncologists, we reviewed clinical guidelines for the most prevalent cancers in Botswana, namely breast, cervical, prostate, colorectal, and head and neck cancer. We incorporated American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition staging criteria into the preexisting guidelines approved by Ministry of Health and Wellness Botswana. We further customized them on the basis of radiology, pathology, and pharmaceutical resource availability in Botswana. Finally, to streamline patient visits, we created intake forms to capture comprehensive hematology-pertinent information. As a quality improvement project, we will record the use and impact of these forms as a tool to standardize the medical records. RESULTS Standardized cancer care guidelines were updated and are under review by the Ministry of Health and Wellness Botswana before circulation. In addition, feedback regarding the new intake forms and their use is currently being recorded. CONCLUSION In low- and middle-income countries, the development of cancer-specific treatment guidelines optimizes disease management through incorporation of evidence-based, resource-adjusted recommendations for clinicians and may aid in reducing global oncologic disparities. As the next phase in the implementation of guidelines, we plan to develop quick-reference cancer pathways for use in public institutions without existing oncologic expertise.

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Seitio-Kgokgwe, Onalenna Stannie, Robin Gauld, Philip C. Hill y Pauline Barnett. "Understanding human resource management practices in Botswana’s public health sector". Journal of Health Organization and Management 30, n.º 8 (21 de noviembre de 2016): 1284–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-05-2015-0076.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the management of the public sector health workforce in Botswana. Using institutional frameworks it aims to document and analyse human resource management (HRM) practices, and make recommendations to improve employee and health system outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws from a large study that used a mixed methods approach to assess performance of Botswana’s Ministry of Health (MOH). It uses data collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews of 54 key informants comprising policy makers, senior staff of the MOH and its stakeholder organizations. Findings Public health sector HRM in Botswana has experienced inadequate planning, poor deployment and underutilization of staff. Lack of comprehensive retention strategies and poor working conditions contributed to the failure to attract and retain skilled personnel. Relationships with both formal and informal environments affected HRM performance. Research limitations/implications While document review was a major source of data for this paper, the weaknesses in the human resource information system limited availability of data. Practical implications This paper presents an argument for the need for consideration of formal and informal environments in developing effective HRM strategies. Originality/value This research provides a rare system-wide approach to health HRM in a Sub-Saharan African country. It contributes to the literature and evidence needed to guide HRM policy decisions and practices

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Martei, Yehoda M., Mohan Narasimhamurthy, Pooja Prabhakar, Jeré Hutson, Dipho I. Setlhako, Sebathu Chiyapo, Doreen Ramogola-Masire et al. "Breast Cancer Pathology Turnaround Time in Botswana". Journal of Global Oncology, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.17.00090.

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Purpose Quality pathology is critical for timely diagnosis and management of breast cancer. Few studies have analyzed pathology turnaround time (TAT) in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to quantify TAT for breast cancer specimens processed by the National Health Laboratory and Diagnofirm Laboratory in Gaborone, Botswana, and additionally compare TAT before and after 2012 to evaluate the effect of pathology scale-up interventions by the Ministry of Health and Wellness. Methods Retrospective analyses of TAT were performed for breast specimens submitted to the two laboratories from 2011 to 2015. TAT was calculated as the time from specimen collection and receipt in the laboratory to the date of final report sign-out. Descriptive statistics and rank sum test were used to compare temporal trends in TAT before and after 2012. Results A total of 158 breast biopsy, 219 surgical, and 218 immunohistochemistry (IHC) specimens were analyzed. The median TAT in 2015 was 6 and 7 days for biopsy and IHC specimens, respectively, and 57.5 days for surgical specimens. There was a significant decrease in median TAT for biopsy specimens from 21.5 days in 2011 to 2012 compared with 8 days in 2013 to 2015 ( P < .001). There was also a significant decrease in median TAT for IHC specimens during the same period ( P < .001). However, there was no significant decline in median TAT for surgical specimens. Conclusion The scale-up of pathology personnel and infrastructure by the Ministry of Health and Wellness significantly reduced median TAT for biopsy and IHC specimens. TAT for surgical specimens remains suboptimal. Efforts are currently under way to decrease TAT for surgical specimens to 7 days.

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Sabone, Motshedisi, Mabel Magowe, Lesego Busang, Jonathan Moalosi, Benjamin Binagwa y Janet Mwambona. "Impediments for the Uptake of the Botswana Government's Male Circumcision Initiative for HIV Prevention". Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/387508.

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Botswana remains one of the countries with high prevalence of HIV infection with a population prevalence rate of 17.6 in 2008. In 2009, the Ministry of Health launched male circumcision as an additional strategy to the already existing HIV preventive efforts. The purpose of this paper is to share what the participants of a survey to evaluate a short-term male circumcision communication strategy in seven health districts of Botswana reported as impediments for the program's uptake. Qualitative data were obtained from 32 key informants and 36 focus group discussions in 2011. Content analysis method was used to analyze data and to derive themes and subthemes. Although male circumcision was generally acceptable to communities in Botswana, the uptake of the program was slow, and participants attributed that to a number of challenges or impediments that were frustrating the initiative. The impediments were organized into sociocultural factors, knowledge/informational factors, and infrastructural and system factors.

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Maphisa, J. Maphisa, Opelo Petunia Mogotsi, Olorato Khumo Machola, Keamogetse Metlha Maswabi, Tiro Bright Motsamai y Boitshepo Mosupiemang. "Psychiatric epidemiological survey of university students in Botswana: rationale and methods of the Youth Mental Health Study (YMHS)". BMJ Open 10, n.º 10 (octubre de 2020): e038175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038175.

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BackgroundWhile the burden of disease attributable to mental disorders in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) is lower than high-income countries, there is recognition that the dearth of evidence from the LMICs may underestimate the actual prevalence and burden associated with mental disorders. Such is likely the case for Botswana where there has been no nationally representative data on the prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders or even a subgroup estimation of mental disorders in the country. Thus, the Youth Mental Health Study (YMHS) aims to estimate the prevalence and identify predictors of symptoms of mental disorders among university students in Botswana to add to the evidence and contribute to the country’s health service planning.MethodsThe YMHS is a cross-sectional study of youth (18–29 years) attending six large universities (accounting for nearly half of the tertiary student population) in Botswana. A stratified sampling procedure with proportionate allocation and selection is used to select a representative sample of 1308 participants. An online survey comprising of a battery of reliable and validated self-report measures of symptoms of mental disorders is used. A developmental psychopathology framework is used in identifying the risk factors of mental disorders. Participant recruitment will span over 4 months beginning in February 2020.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethics approval from the University of Botswana Institutional Review Board, and the Ministry of Health and Wellness. Participants will be provided with feedback of their own results. Aggregated findings will be disseminated to stakeholders in the tertiary education and health sector in Botswana, and through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and the media.

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Chandar, Ashwin, Sukhdeep Kaur, Tlotlo Bathethi Ralefala, Deborah Toppmeyer, Claire Philipp, Richard Marlink, Reena Antony et al. "Building international partnerships to improve global oncological care: Perspective from Rutgers-CINJ Global Oncology Fellowship Program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n.º 27_suppl (20 de septiembre de 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.159.

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159 Background: With cancer accounting for 1 in every 7 deaths worldwide and 60-70% of cancer deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, any advancement in cancer care should include understanding to alleviate structural inequalities that produce these global oncological disparities. Rutgers-Cancer Institute of New Jersey (R-CINJ) Oncology Fellowship program, through partnerships with Rutgers Global Health and University of Botswana (UB), established a global oncology program in 2018 to provide young oncologists in training with this educational opportunity. Aims included understanding challenges faced by cancer patients in Botswana, evaluating opportunities to improve oncology care at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH), scholarly collaborations, and exchange knowledge. Methods: In partnership with PMH, UB, and Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW), R-CINJ created a global oncology program consisting of a 1 month rotation at PMH in Gaborone, Botswana, as well as longitudinal research/quality improvement (QI) projects. Two 3rd year oncology fellows rotated with house officers and oncologist at PMH. Weekly video conferences facilitated communication during the elective. Projects continued throughout 3rd year of fellowship, in conjunction with programmatic meetings. Results: Fellows gained exposure to cancer care using limited resources. In working with PMH staff, mentorship was provided, QI ideas were shared, and organizational changes were implemented. Scholarly activity was undertaken to examine trends in chemotherapy utilization at PMH over a 12-month period to assess patterns of malignancy and issues with stock outs. Relationship between pathology at PMH, UB, and Rutgers-CINJ and Rutgers Biomedical Engineering was established to expand digital pathology services in Botswana. Conclusions: Our global oncology program is a successful start to an ongoing partnership to help improve cancer care in Botswana. Future directions include development of cancer protocols in Botswana, helping limit medication shortages, and establishing telemedicine based collaboration to assist with diagnosis and improve pathology turnaround time.

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Chandar, Ashwin, Sukhdeep Kaur, Deborah Toppmeyer, Tlotlo Bathethi Ralefala, Roger Strair, Claire Philipp, Richard Marlink et al. "Building international partnerships to improve global oncological care: Perspective from Rutgers-CINJ Global Oncology Fellowship Program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2019): e18161-e18161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18161.

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e18161 Background: With cancer accounting for 1 in every 7 deaths worldwide and 60-70% of cancer deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, any advancement in cancer care should include understanding to alleviate structural inequalities that produce these global oncologic disparities. Rutgers-Cancer Institute of New Jersey (R-CINJ) Oncology Fellowship program, through partnerships with Rutgers Global Health and University of Botswana (UB), established a global oncology program in 2018 to provide young oncologists in training with this educational opportunity. Aims included understanding challenges faced by cancer patients in Botswana, evaluating opportunities to improve oncology care at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH), scholarly collaborations, and exchange knowledge. Methods: In partnership with PMH, UB, and Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW), R-CINJ created a global oncology program consisting of a 1 month rotation at PMH in Gaborone, Botswana, as well as longitudinal research/quality improvement (QI) projects. Two 3rd year oncology fellows rotated with house officers and oncologist at PMH. Weekly video conferences facilitated communication during the elective. Projects continued throughout 3rd year of fellowship, in conjunction with programmatic meetings. Results: Fellows gained exposure to cancer care using limited resources. In working with PMH staff, mentorship was provided, QI ideas were shared, and organizational changes were implemented. Scholarly activity was undertaken to examine trends in chemotherapy utilization at PMH over a 12-month period to assess patterns of malignancy and issues with stock outs. Relationship between pathology at PMH, UB, R-CINJ, and Rutgers Biomedical Engineering was established to expand digital pathology services in Botswana. Conclusions: Our global oncology program is a successful start to an ongoing partnership to help improve cancer care in Botswana. Future directions include development of cancer guidelines and protocols in Botswana, helping limit medication shortages, and establishing telemedicine based collaboration to assist with diagnosis and improve pathology turnaround time.

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Glomb, Nicolaus W., Adeola A. Kosoko, Cara B. Doughty, Marideth C. Rus, Manish I. Shah, Megan Cox, Cafen Galapi, Presley S. Parkes, Shelley Kumar y Bushe Laba. "Needs Assessment for Simulation Training for Prehospital Providers in Botswana". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, n.º 6 (13 de noviembre de 2018): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18001024.

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AbstractBackgroundIn June 2012, the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW; Gaborone, Botswana) initiated a national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in response to significant morbidity and mortality associated with prehospital emergencies. The MOHW requested external expertise to train its developing workforce. Simulation-based training was planned to equip these health care providers with clinical knowledge, procedural skills, and communication techniques.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the educational needs of the pioneer Botswana MOHW EMS providers based on retrospective EMS logbook review and EMS provider feedback to guide development of a novel educational curriculum.MethodsData were abstracted from a representative sample of the Gaborone, Botswana MOHW EMS response log from 2013-2014 and were quantified into the five most common call types for both adults and children. Informal focus groups with health professionals and EMS staff, as well as surveys, were used to rank common response call types and self-perceived educational needs.ResultsBased on 1,506 calls, the most common adult response calls were for obstetric emergencies, altered mental status, gastrointestinal/abdominal pain, trauma, gynecological emergencies, and cardiovascular and respiratory distress-related emergencies. The most common pediatric response calls were for respiratory distress, gastrointestinal complaints/dehydration, trauma and musculoskeletal injuries, newborn delivery, seizures, and toxic ingestion/exposure. The EMS providers identified these same chief complaints as priorities for training using the qualitative approach. A locally relevant, simulation-based curriculum for the Botswana MOHW EMS system was developed and implemented based on these data.Conclusions: Trauma, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal complaints, and puerperal/perinatal emergencies were common conditions for all age groups. Other age-specific conditions were also identified as educational needs based on epidemiologic data and provider feedback. This needs assessment may be useful when designing locally relevant EMS curricula in other low-income and middle-income countries.GlombNW, KosokoAA, DoughtyCB, RusMC, ShahMI, CoxM, GalapiC, ParkesPS, KumarS, LabaB.Needs assessment for simulation training for prehospital providers in Botswana. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(6):621–626.

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Sabone, Motshedisi, Pelonomi Mazonde, Francesca Cainelli, Maseba Maitshoko, Renatha Joseph, Judith Shayo, Baraka Morris et al. "Everyday ethical challenges of nurse-physician collaboration". Nursing Ethics 27, n.º 1 (23 de abril de 2019): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019840753.

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Background: Collaboration between physicians and nurses is key to improving patient care. We know very little about collaboration and interdisciplinary practice in African healthcare settings. Research question/aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the ethical challenges of interdisciplinary collaboration in clinical practice and education in Botswana Participants and research context: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 39 participants (20 physicians and 19 nurses) who participated in semi-structured interviews at public hospitals purposely selected to represent the three levels of hospitals in Botswana (referral, district, and primary). Ethical considerations: Following Institutional Review Board Approval at the University of Pennsylvania and the Ministry of Health in Botswana, participants’ written informed consent was obtained. Findings: Respondents’ ages ranged from 23 to 60 years, and their duration of work experience ranged from 0.5 to 32 years. Major qualitative themes that emerged from the data centered on the nature of the work environment, values regarding nurse–doctor collaboration, the nature of such collaboration, resources available for supporting collaboration and the smooth flow of work, and participants’ views about how their work experiences could be improved. Discussion: Participants expressed concerns that their work environment compromised their ability to provide high-quality and safe care to their patients. The physician staffing structure was described as consisting of a few specialists at the top, a vacuum in the middle that should be occupied by senior doctors, and junior doctors at the bottom—and not a sufficient number of nursing staff. Conclusion: Collaboration between physicians and nurses is critical to optimizing patients’ health outcomes. This is true not only in the United States but also in developing countries, such as Botswana, where health care professionals reported that their ethical challenges arose from resource shortages, differing professional attitudes, and a stressful work environment.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Botswana. – Ministry of Health"

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Clark, Margaret Beckwith. "Interdisciplinary ministry collaboration, faith and health". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ55427.pdf.

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Ntau, Christopher Gopolang. "Medical careers and the Botswana health care system". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543578.

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This thesis examines, from a sociological perspective, the careers of doctors from a developing country without its own medical school or strongly organised medical profession. It argues that the interplay between the socio-economic and political forces and doctors' experiences internalised over the years at medical school, contribute to medical migration in Botswana from the public sector to private practice, and abroad. First, the thesis examines the influences that come into play when Botswana citizens choose a medical career. Then, the study explores students' medical school socialisation outside Botswana, and how this interfaces with subsequent workplace experience in Botswana. The retention efforts within the public health service and the 'pull' factors to the industrialised nations and international agencies are also studied. Data collection for this study was mainly through in-depth interviews with citizen doctors in the public and private sectors in Botswana. For doctors abroad, computer assisted interviewing was utilised. The data reveal that, in choosing a career in medicine, doctors came under varied and sometimes conflicting influences, at the family, community and institutional levels. While studying abroad, doctors were exposed to the modem technologies and facilities and an environment perceived as being conducive to work and study at the same time. These come to be pull factors when doctors, thus trained and socialised, wish to apply their skills and knowledge in practice on their return home. What obtains in medical practice, and the expectations from the state and the public for the medical profession are different from those the doctors have been socialised to expect. This situation leads to complaints and resignations by doctors. In themselves, such complaints are not peculiar to Botswana, but Batswana doctors are relatively well placed to leave the public sector. The study suggests that the solutions devised to address doctors' concerns should go beyond tinkering with monetary incentives

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Ntshebe, Oleosi. "Three papers on households and child health in Botswana". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415349/.

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The primary objective of this thesis is to examine the change in Botswana households between 1971 and 2011, show the relationship of household composition to child health outcomes and to demonstrate the association of community factors with stunting in Botswana. The thesis focusses on three related papers. Paper one uses a descriptive approach, and it provides an overview of how households have changed over time in Botswana. This paper analyses data from census reports for the years 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, and three nationally representative surveys: the 1988 Botswana Standard Demographic Health Survey, the 2000 Multiple Indicator Survey (MICS) and the 2007 Botswana Family Health Surveys (BFHS). The findings from this paper indicate a change towards smaller households. The results show a decrease in the average household size, growth in the number of households, and a growing importance in the distribution of other household types (e.g., a rise of one person households, living with family and less with extended and not related household members). At the same time there is a decrease in childbearing and fertility. Using data from the 2007 BFHS and multi-level logistic models, paper two examines the relationship between household composition, stunting and diarrhoea prevalence. The findings indicate that stunting varies by whom the child lives with. Stunting is higher among children living with no parents compared to those living with both parents, and among those living with not related household members. Stunting is less prevalent among children living with an aunt and among those living with other relatives. Also, children living in mother only households and with a grandparent present have a higher level of stunting compared to those living with both parents. The findings on diarrhoea prevalence show that children living in mother-only households, and those living with no parents are less likely to have the condition than those living with both parents. Across all households, those who are richer, regardless of who is in the household, have lower rates of stunting and diarrhoea prevalence than those that are poorer. Paper three draws on census and survey data to examine the relationship between community factors and stunting. The results from paper three show a negative association between percentage of professionals in a district and stunting. Children living in the West, East/North East and Central parts of the country had higher levels of stunting compared to those living in the North. In addition, household wealth was found to be a significant moderator between the percentage of professionals in a district and stunting. Finally, the analysis in paper two and three show a clustering effect at household level. The implications of these findings is that policies aimed at reducing stunting and diarrhoea may be best targeted at individual and household factors, and other adults in a household beside biological parents. While further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which community factors influence stunting.

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July, Emma. "Awareness, attitudes and referral practices of health care providers to psychological services in Botswana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1166.

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The provision of psychological services is vital considering the complex nature of psychosocial issues facing people today. Nevertheless, the provision and utilization of psychological services has not been given due recognition in most African countries, including Botswana. Botswana is one of the countries faced by the challenges of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and other mental health problems, as well as poverty and unemployment. To date statistics on the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana, published annually by the National AIDS Coordinating Agency (NACA) reflect an increased rate of mental illness and psychosocial problems. Considering the complex nature of issues that impact negatively on people in Botswana, there is a need for awareness and the provision of psychological services in the primary health care system. There is little research on the place of psychology and psychological services in Botswana. The availability of such information is crucial for the planning of effective community-based psychological services. The present study employed a quantitative research method to explore and describe awareness and attitudes towards psychological services and referral practices in relation to psychological problems, of health care providers in Botswana. The participants in the study were chosen, based on a non-probability, purposive sampling method. The sample consisted of ninety-six persons and constituted medical doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses and clinical social workers from governmental and non-governmental institutions from Gaborone and Francistown in Botswana. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics in order to identify the mean, ranges and standard deviations. Frequency counts and percentages of the participants’ responses were computed. The results of the study revealed an awareness of available psychological services, positive attitudes towards psychology and psychological services and a reasonable percentage of referrals to psychological services. The results also revealed that available psychological services were limited and not easily accessible to patients. There was also an indication of a shortage of trained professionals to offer psychological services in health care centres, which resulted in psychological problems being referred to social workers.

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Pridmore, Pat. "Children as health educators : the child-to-child approach". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019135/.

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This study explores the Child-to-Child approach to health education. Child-to-Child claims that children can be effective promoters of health. The thesis provides an analysis and criticism of Child-to-Child, comparing theory with practice in the Little Teacher Programme in Botswana. It examines how Child-to-Child has sought to keep abreast of new thinking and to respond to experience and considers the extent to which its ideas have been implemented. It explores whether primary school children can be effective health educators and seeks to identify factors enabling or inhibiting their effectiveness. Research questions are focused in three main areas. First, what is meant by the Child-to-Child approach to health education? What does Child-to- Child mean theoretically? To what extent has current thinking departed from the original conceptualization of the approach? What does Child-to-Child mean to the practitioners of the Little Teacher Programme in Botswana and how successfully have they applied its ideas and methods? Second, how effective can children be as health educators using the Child-to-Child approach? A field study of the Little Teacher Programme is included to test the hypothesis that child educators can raise the knowledge level of preschool children and that performing their role can increase their own knowledge level. An extension of the main field study addresses a further question, what is the influence of the poor urban environment and of ethnicity on the effectiveness of children as health educators? Third, how can children be effective health educators and what factors enable or impede their effectiveness? The study considers how social, cultural and environmental factors may influence health behaviours. The study concludes that children can be effective health educators at the level of knowledge change but raises serious questions about the failure of Child-to-Child to take account of traditional resistance to some of its central ideas.

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Grant, Debora Felita. "Collaborative campus ministry and its impact on women's health". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1999. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/264.

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This project dissertation, entitled “Collaborative Campus Ministry and Its Impact on Women’s Health,” provides a foundation from which to develop a collaborative campus ministry that approaches issues relating to women’s health on a historically Black campus. The dissertation includes the results of a collaboration between the Campus Ministry Office, Health Service Center, and Counseling at Morris Brown College, along with local congregations and community agencies and organizations. This project dissertation presents the development and findings of Sisters Aligned and Living Together (SALT): A Women’s Health Conference. Project SALT provided basic information for the development and operation of a weilness program Health Education Resource Service(HERS) designed to address health concerns and challenges of many young African American women at Morris Brown College and other college campuses as well as in local congregations.

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AlAbri, Ahmed. "Risk management for Ministry of Health educational institutions(MOHEIs)". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9400/.

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Risk and risk perception are important concepts for strategic planning and management of an organisation. Risk management (RM) refers to systematic collection and analysis of data to determine the potentially adverse effects of an organisation’s strategic objectives (risk), and the development of mitigation strategies to counteract organisational uncertainties. Such uncertainties are increasing with the rapid development and expansion of the higher education sector (HE). Globalisation, increased competition for funding, advances in information and communication technology, increased social expectations, and many additional challenges have made the educational and research process more complex. This research aims to: 1) assess the level of staff awareness/participation on risk management among the 14 Ministry of Health Educational Institutions (MOHEIs); 2) identify, evaluate MOHEIs’ risks as perceived by MOHEIs staff, and 3) develop a risk management plan with recommendations, to improve the management of risk in MOHEIs. The RM endeavour is part of the new public management (NPM) reform of HE and it adds value to HEIs and their stakeholders. Both aim to: 1) improve the competitive advantage through a better understanding of risk in the operational environment, and 2) improve efficiency and effective use of resources. Diversifying funding sources, privatisation of some services (thereby sharing/transferring risk to other partners) and decentralisation of some authority to the lower organisation level will empower staff to identify risks at local level and assist in developing mitigation strategies that meet their departments’ or units’ needs. The literature review reveals many risk management standards/frameworks, which use similar processes, that include six main steps (1) Defining Context, (2) Event Identification, (3) Risk Assessment, (4) Risk response, (5) Risk Communication and, (5) Evaluation and Monitoring. In the present work I have adapted the first three of these steps through a mixed action research approach. Three data gathering methods were employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data: 1) content analysis of local, national and international published documents, 2) focus group discussions with eight senior managers and academic staff from various institutions and disciplines, and 3) two-round Delphi survey with participation of 158 MOHEIs staff. The research revealed 20 risks, of which seven risks have been rated as MOHEIs top priority risks. These include: (1) breakdown of equipment/applications; (2) inadequate infrastructure; (3) breach of IT or data security; (4) low student satisfaction; (5) insufficient funding: (6) slow procurement processes; and, (7) rising cost of employment. A risk management plan was thus developed to mitigate these seven risks through 21 treatment strategies, 69 operational activities, and 46 key risk indicators. This research highlights the need to develop a risk management framework or standard that caters for all MOHEIs levels and take into consideration the social and cultural values of the stakeholders. Until a risk management framework is established, the results of this research recommend quality assurance section to take the lead in implementing the proposed risk management plan.

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Mokgatlhe, Tuduetso M. "Factors associated with maternal mortality in South East Botswana". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4487.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Background: Maternal mortality is a significant public health problem world-wide,as it is an important indicator for the functioning of the health system. The maternal mortality ratio for Botswana is higher than other countries with comparable economic growth, despite impressive access to health services. In order to develop relevant programs and policies to reduce maternal mortality, the factors associated with maternal mortality were studied. The study aimed to describe the maternal and health services factors associated with maternal mortality in South East Botswana. Methodology: A quantitative case-control study was used to retrospectively review medical records for 71 cases of maternal deaths and 284 controls randomly selected from mothers who delivered in the same year and at the same health facility, in South East Botswana from 2007 to 2009. Information was collected on the maternal and health services characteristics of the cases and controls including age, level of education, marital status, parity, utilization of health facilities that consist of antenatal care (ANC), type of delivery, complications during pregnancy, type of health facility and ANC provider. Data was analyzed using Predictive Analysis Software (PASW) Version 18.Two-sample t- test, Pearson’s Chi-square test and the Fisher’s exact test were used to test the difference between the proportions of the various categories of variables in cases and controls. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors associated with maternal deaths. A multivariate logistic regression model was estimated to see the joint effects of the identified risk factors for maternal mortality. Hosmer and Lemeshow test was used to test the goodness of fit of the model. Results: The mean age of the maternal deaths was 28.0 ± 5.3 years and they had taken place at a hospital (100%). A large number of deaths occurred before delivery(59.0%). The causes of maternal death included both direct (73%) and indirect causes (27%). Direct causes were the leading causes of death and they were abortion(22.5%) and haemorrhage (18.3%). The maternal characteristics associated with maternal mortality were having complications at delivery (OR=20.91), not receiving ANC (OR=6.31) and delivering by caesarean section (OR= 2.66). The health facility characteristics associated with maternal mortality were delivering outside the health facility (OR=14.78), having been referred from another facility (OR=8.62) and delivering at a general hospital (OR=5.91). The data produced a model with good fit that included one maternal risk factor and three health facility risk factors. These were being admitted with preterm labour, delivering at a general hospital or before arrival at the health facility and having been referred from another health facility. Conclusion: Maternal mortality was associated with both maternal and health facility risk factors. The model developed may be used to identify and manage highrisk women to reduce the number of maternal deaths. It was recommended that, the current system should continue to be monitored and evaluated through the Maternal Mortality Monitoring System (MMMS). Furthermore, the referral and management of complications needs to be strengthened through a multi-sectoral approach.

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Tau, Nontobeko Sylvia. "An analysis of TalkBack, an interactive HIV and AIDS education programme on Botswana Television". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5043.

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The Republic of Botswana (2011a) recognises behaviour change as the only long term solution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic that has become a leading health and development challenge for the country. The study aimed to examine how Talk Back, an interactive HIV and AIDS educational programme on Botswana television, capacitates the school community to deal with challenges brought about by the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The study was based on recordings of 2014 Term One theme— ‘Paediatric care and support: challenges and implications in the teaching and learning environment. The study conducted a content analysis of Talk Back to determine behaviour change communication categories employed in producing the programme. All aspects of the Talk Back programme were also analysed to establish communication strategies employed in the presentation of content. Talk Back employed communication approaches such as panel discussions of matters related to HIV and AIDS by various specialists, video clips to present content, and viewers phoning in to interact with the panellists. A number of the callers identified challenges; the most common identified challenge was that parents tended not to disclose their children’s HIV status to the children due to the negative social stigma attached to HIV and AIDS. Although Talk Back provides a forum for interactive behaviour change communication, some listeners questioned the use of technical language.

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Keorekile, Opelo. "Occupational health hazards encountered by nurses at Letsholathebe II memorial hospital in Maun, Botswana". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1613.

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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015
Nurses are an integral component of the health care delivery system and they encounter occupational health problems classified as biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards. Nurses also face health hazards such as Hepatitis B, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, tuberculosis, cytotoxic drugs, anesthetic agents, needle stick injury, back pain, and stress. At Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital in Maun, nurses and other health professionals face occupational health and safety risks at the workplace. Aim and Objectives The aim of the study was to identify the occupational health hazards encountered by nurses at Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital in Maun, Botswana. The objectives were to identify occupational health hazards at Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital; determine organic and inorganic disorders caused by occupational health hazards; determine coping mechanisms of nurses towards occupational health hazards and the compliance of nurses to written protocols that address occupational health hazards. Research Method and Design A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional method was adopted. The population comprised 200 nurses employed at Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital. Simple random sampling was used to select 132 nurses who participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results The study revealed health hazards namely; back aches, frequent headaches, and persistent tiredness; mercury, solvents and anaesthetic gases; HIV, streptococcus, staphylococcus, Hepatitis B and measles. Nurses also reported fatigue, loss of sleep due to stress, anxiety and persistent tiredness. Conclusion The study concluded that nurses at Letsholathebe ll Memorial hospital experienced physical, chemical, biological and psychological health hazards. Recommendations The study recommends that nurses should have access to OHS information, that OHS awareness should be created at Letsholathebe II Memorial Hospital.

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Libros sobre el tema "Botswana. – Ministry of Health"

1

Hope, Kempe R. HIV/AIDS and the mobile population groups in Botswana: A study commissioned by the Community Health Services Division Ministry of Health Republic of Botswana. Botswana: Government Printer, Gaborone, 1999.

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Maribe, Lucy. Using a rapid assessment approach to evaluate the quality of care in an integrated program: The experience of the Family Health Division, Ministry of Health, Botswana. Nairobi: Population Council, 1997.

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Education, Botswana Ministry of. Information brochure on the Ministry of Education. [Gaborone]: Tshipidi Promotions Botswana (Pty), 1991.

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Mugabe, Mbulawa. Health in Botswana: An annotated bibliography. Gaborone, Botswana: Published on behalf of the National Institute of Development Research and Documentation, University of Botswana, by Lentswe La Lesedi (Pty), 1994.

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Botswana. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Services offered by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. [Gaborone]: Republic of Botswana, The Ministry, 1993.

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University of York. Centre for Health Economics. Health manpower plan for Botswana, 1988-2002. [Gaborone] Botswana: The Department, 1988.

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Office, Botswana Central Statistics. 2007 Botswana family health survey IV report. Gaborone: Central Statistics Office, 2009.

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Development psychiatry: Mental health and primary health care in Botswana. London: Tavistock Publications, 1987.

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Zimbabwe. Ministry of Health. Planning & Management Dept. Ministry of Health: Action plan. [Harare] Zimbabwe: Planning & Management Dept., Ministry of Health, 1991.

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Health, Samoa Ministry of. Ministry of Health services standards. Apia?, Samoa]: Govt. of Samoa, 2008.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Botswana. – Ministry of Health"

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Bricknell, Martin C. M. y Donald F. Thompson. "Ministry Overlaps Within Health Sectors". En Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine, 611–12. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-352-1_37.

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Ordoñez-Plaja, Antonio. "Teamwork at Ministry level". En Ciba Foundation Symposium - Teamwork for World Health, 167–76. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719794.ch13.

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Pereira, Ricardo. "Botswana: National Survival against HIV/AIDS". En Recipient States in Global Health Politics, 92–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137442970_6.

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Langdon, Annette Toft y Sharon T. Hinton. "Faith Community Nursing: As Health Ministry". En Faith Community Nursing, 17–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16126-2_2.

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Lebedev, Georgy, Alexander Polikarpov, Nikita Golubev, Elena Tyurina, Alexsey Serikov, Dmitriy Selivanov y Yuriy Orlov. "The Geographic Information System of the Russian Ministry of Health". En Intelligent Decision Technologies, 403–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5925-9_34.

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Pratama, Dika, Achmad Nurmandi, Isnaini Muallidin, Danang Kurniawan y Salahudin. "Information Dissemination of COVID-19 by Ministry of Health in Indonesia". En Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Systems V, 61–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85540-6_8.

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Magashula, Kutlwano Pearl. "A case for removing barriers to legal recognition of transgender persons in Botswana". En Advancing Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Africa, 152–70. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge contemporary Africa: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003175049-10.

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Guimarães, Eduardo. "Health Rights and Intellectual Property Rights: Ministry of Health Prior Consent for Pharmaceutical Patents in Brazil". En Health Innovation and Social Justice in Brazil, 151–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76834-2_7.

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McIntyre, James Alasdair, Guy de Bruyn y Glenda Elisabeth Gray. "Southern Africa (South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe)". En Public Health Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle Income Countries, 289–330. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72711-0_14.

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Charlton, Jacqueline. "Diversifying Health Sector Finance in Botswana: The Impact of an Emergent Private Sector". En Challenging the Orthodoxies, 142–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13992-7_9.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Botswana. – Ministry of Health"

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Ndlovu, Kagiso, Tiroyamodimo Mogotlhwane, Maurice Mars y Richard E. Scott. "E-Health Interoperability Landscape: Botswana". En Environment and Water Resource Management / 837: Health Informatics / 838: Modelling and Simulation / 839: Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2016.837-010.

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Mauco, Kabelo L. "e-Health Readiness of Health Care Institutions in Botswana". En Environment and Water Resource Management. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2014.815-022.

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Rusdiyanti, Yunita, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo y Bhisma Murti. "Implementation of Dual Health Asset Applications Developed by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Health in Hospitals in Boyolali, Central Java". En The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.42.

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ABSTRACT Background: Information systems management and facility (SIMDA-BMD) and equipments maintenance management application (ASPAK) is a technology that was developed to support the achievement of health care. The study indicated that SIMDABMD and ASPAK in operationally and economically provide significant impact on the fund effectiveness, efficiency and time efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of SIMDA-BMD and ASPAK. Subjects and Method: This was a descriptive qualitative study with case study approach. The study was conducted at 3 hospitals in Boyolali, Central Java. The key informants were treasurer of goods, treasurer of goods storage, head of planning and reporting, head of ASPAK, head of medical support and head of application of facilities, infrastructure and medical devices administration. The informants selected by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed by in-depth interview, participative observation, and document observation. The data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. Results: The implementation of health assets at the Regional General Hospital in Boyolali Regency has a difference in the grouping of the final results with the SIMDABMD based on the inventory card and the total asset value and ASPAK, based on the percentage of efforts to fulfill the standards according to the hospital class. Conclusion: The implementation of the SIMDA-BMD and ASPEK asset applications complement each other so that quality management is needed to reduce referral number. Keywords: asset implementation, information systems management and facility, equipments maintenance management application Correspondence: Yunita Rusdiyanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: y_rusdiyanti@yahoo.com. Mobile: 08122981365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.42

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Moses, Oliver. "Heavy Daily Rainfall Characteristics over the Eastern Botswana". En Environment and Water Resource Management / 837: Health Informatics / 838: Modelling and Simulation / 839: Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2016.836-014.

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Yuniar, Ananda Dwitha y Alan Sigit Fibrianto. "Public Health Communication Campaign ‘Germas’ by Ministry of Health in Maluku 2018: An overview". En Proceedings of the First International Conference on Administration Science (ICAS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icas-19.2019.33.

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Thammakawinwong, Nathakrid. "Provision of trauma care in Ministry of Public Health Hospitals Regional Health 3 Thailand". En 1st Public Health International Conference (PHICo 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/phico-16.2017.44.

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Brooks, M., H. Schwennesen, B. Phetogo, O. Phoi, O. Tshume, M. Matshaba y E. Lowenthal. "P11 Adapting a lay counselor mental health intervention for adolescents in botswana". En RCPCH and SAHM Adolescent Health Conference; Coming of Age, 18–19 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-rcpch-sahm.19.

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Cahyo, Puji Winar, Muhammad Habibi, Adri Priadana y Andika Bayu Saputra. "Analysis of Popular Hashtags on Instagram Account The Ministry of Health". En International Conference on Health and Medical Sciences (AHMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210127.062.

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Thobosi, R. "Rapid Assessment of Macro-Invertebrate Health in the Effluent Dominated Notwane River, Botswana". En Water Resource Management. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.686-072.

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Mosepele, Ketlhatlogile. "Dynamics of the Seasonal Floodplain Fishery of the Okavango Delta, Botswana". En Environment and Water Resource Management / 837: Health Informatics / 838: Modelling and Simulation / 839: Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2016.836-024.

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Informes sobre el tema "Botswana. – Ministry of Health"

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Lougee, Douglas A. y Delfi Mondragon. Honduran Ministry of Health Perceptions of US Military Medical Civic Assistance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410747.

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De Rodriguez, Blanca, Ricardo Vernon y Jorge Solorzano. Expanding access to vasectomy services in the Ministry of Health of Guatemala. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1155.

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Montufar, Edwin, Carlos Morales, Ricardo Vernon, Carlos Brambila y Jorge Solorzano. Improving access to long-term contraceptives in rural Guatemala through the Ministry of Health. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1148.

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Bland, Gary, Lucrecia Peinado y Christin Stewart. Innovations for Improving Access to Quality Health Care: The Prospects for Municipal Health Insurance in Guatemala. RTI Press, diciembre de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.pb.0016.1712.

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Municipal insurance–a collective compact in which municipal government is the lead actor in designing, delivering, and supervising a health care financing arrangement—is considered by some Guatemalans as a potential new avenue for improving financial protection against rising costs and improved access to quality health care. This brief presents a political economy analysis of the prospects for the adoption of municipal insurance in Guatemala. Municipal insurance has so far been tried only once, in 2015, by the large suburban municipality of Villa Nueva. Drawing from the Villa Nueva experience, based on interviews with nearly 30 key informants, this brief examines the potential obstacles to municipal insurance reform as well as leading factors favoring its introduction. Consistent health ministry support and equity concerns are potential limitations, for example, while decentralization and the recent emergence of creative insurance products are likely to be supportive. This brief then concludes with consideration of the policy implications of such a reform. We also offer a series of policy recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who may be looking to implement municipal insurance reform.

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Banerjee, Dwaipayan y Pooja Vasanth K. IIHS COVID-19 Response Plan. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/c19rp01.2021.

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This document comprises the contingency plan created for IIHS for the implementation of measures to mitigate risks and ensure emergency response preparedness in light of COVID- 19. IIHS has followed guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the State Government while formulating its COVID-19 response plan across all IIHS offices at Bengaluru, Chennai, Trichy, Delhi and Mumbai.

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Olwande, John y Miltone Ayieko. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Kenya – Round 2 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.017.

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Since 12 March 2020, when Kenya reported the first COVID-19 cases, the Ministry of Health confirmed a total of 45,076 cases and 839 deaths, as of 19 October.1 Despite the rising number of COVID-19 confirmed infections and deaths in Kenya during the third quarter (Q3) of 2020, the national and county governments relaxed some of the restrictions that had been in place during Q2 aimed at controlling the spread of COVID-19. This assessment was aimed at understanding the effects of COVID-19 at household level and attendant policy responses during Q3 of 2020, to inform actions to assure protection of local food systems, rural livelihoods and the supply of adequate, affordable food of acceptable quality to the population.

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Aalto, Juha y Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-88-372-1953, Barbados Ministry of Health, Bridgetown, Barbados. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, marzo de 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta883721953.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-87-413-1921, Ministry of Health - St. Lucia, St. Lucia, West Indies. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, agosto de 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta874131921.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-89-100-2040, Ministry of Health - St. Lucia, St. Lucia, West Indies. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, mayo de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta891002040.

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