Bibliografías temáticas / Calibration chamber

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Calibration chamber"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Calibration chamber"

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DeWerd, Larry A., Ahtesham Ullah Khan y Andrew R. Jensen. "On the length used for CT ionization chambers to determine CTDI". Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, n.º 8 (7 de abril de 2022): 085007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac60b8.

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Abstract Objective. Computed tomography dose index (CTDI) calculations based on measurements made with CT ionization chambers require characterization of two chamber properties: radiation sensitivity and effective length. The sensitivity of a CT ionization chamber is currently determined in some countries by calibration in an x-ray field that irradiates the entire chamber. Determination of the effective length is left to the user, and this value is frequently assumed to be equivalent to the nominal length—typically 100 mm—stated by the manufacturer. This assumption undermines the intention and usefulness of CTDI calculation. Thus, a slit-based calibration, N KL, of the CT ionization chambers was proposed by collimating the x-ray beam to a well-defined aperture width. The aim of this work is to compare the two methods. Approach. Four different CT ionization chambers (Standard Imaging Exradin A101, Radcal 10x5-3CT, Victoreen 500-100, and Capintec PC-4P) are investigated in this work. Sensitivity profiles were measured for all four chambers and effective/rated chamber lengths were calculated. A novel Monte-Carlo based correction was proposed to account for the presence of the aperture. CTDI was calculated and compared for two calibration beams as well as for a commercial CT scanner using Exradin A101 and Radcal 10x5-3CT chambers. Main results. The nominal chamber length was found to deviate up to 21% compared to the effective length. Correction for the aperture depended on the aperture opening size. CTDI calculation results illustrate the potential 17% error in CTDI calculation that can be caused by assuming the effective chamber length is equivalent to the manufacturer’s stated nominal length. CTDI calculations with CT ionization chambers calibrated with an air-kerma length calibration method yield the smallest variation in the CTDI regardless of the chamber model. Significance. To avoid an erroneous CTDI, information regarding the chamber’s effective length must be included in the calibration or stated by the manufacturer. Alternatively, a slit-based calibration can be performed.
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Gong, Wei, Wen Zhang, Tingting Ren, Lingjian Zeng y Li Feng. "Study on Calibration of Artificial Climate Chamber for Biological Application". BIO Web of Conferences 59 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235903007.

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Artificial climate chamber for biological application is widely used in biological laboratories. Parameters such as temperature, humidity and light intensity of artificial climate chamber can directly decide the accuracy of the experimental results. At present, there is no relevant calibration specification, or method for artificial climate chamber in China. This article presents a novel calibration method for artificial climate chambers for biological application to evaluate temperature, humidity, and light intensity control performance of the equipment, by determine corresponding environmental conditions, calibration standards, location of standards and calculation equations. The calibration results show that the calibration method is scientific and practical for metrological performance evaluation of artificial climate chambers for biological application.
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Been, K., B. E. Lingnau, J. H. A. Crooks y B. Leach. "Cone penetration test calibration for Erksak (Beaufort Sea) sand". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 24, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 1987): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t87-074.

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Interpretation of the cone penetration test in sands is generally based on empirical calibrations from tests in large-diameter calibration chambers. Although interpretation of these calibration data for clean sands in terms of the state parameter is expected to be broadly applicable to other sands, material-specific correlations are desirable for many projects. This paper describes a series of calibration chamber tests carried out on a sand dredged from the Beaufort Sea for construction of artificial islands. This Erksak sand is a uniformly graded, subrounded medium-grained sand with a fines content of 3–6%. The testing chamber described is 1.4 m in diameter, and allows independent control of vertical, horizontal, and back pressures on the sand sample. Samples of the sand were prepared by moist compaction to preserve the fines content, and then back pressure saturated.The chamber test data are presented and confirm that the Erksak sand fits the general trends observed for other sands very well. A method is also described that allows the interpretation to be consistent, even in the event that nonuniform void ratios occur in the samples. Measurements of horizontal stress behind the cone tip, which is a new development in cone penetrometer testing, are also presented. Key words: cone penetrometer, sands, in situ tests, state, calibration chamber, horizontal stress measurement.
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Hazen, John y L. Scorsone. "Infrared Sensor Calibration Facility". Journal of the IEST 35, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1992): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.35.1.d536816582691754.

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The Boeing Infrared Sensor (BIRS) Calibration Facility represents a major capital investment by The Boeing Company in optical and infrared technology. The facility was designed and built for calibrating and testing new generation large aperture long wave infrared (LWIR) sensors, seekers, and related technologies. The capability exists to perform both radiometric and goniometric calibrations of large infrared sensors under simulated environmental operating conditions. The system is presently configured for endoatmospheric calibrations with a uniform background field that can be set to simulate the expected mission background levels. During calibration, the sensor under test is also exposed to expected mission temperatures and pressures within the test chamber. The facility could be converted for exoatmospheric testing. The first major test runs in the facility were completed during 1989 with very satisfactory results. This paper will describe system configuration and hardware elements, and will address the modifications made to date. Pitt-Des Moines. Inc. (PDM) of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was the contractor for the turnkey design and construction of the test chambers and thermal vacuum systems. Hughes Danbury Optical Systems (formerly Perkin Elmer Optical Systems) was the hardware supplier for the optical hardware. The Boeing Company performed all optical assembly, integration, testing, and alignment on-site.
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Lee, Junhwan y Rodrigo Salgado. "Analysis of calibration chamber plate load tests". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2000): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-061.

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The estimation of base resistance is a key step in the design of piles embedded in moderately dense to dense sand. Calibration chamber plate load tests are sometimes used to investigate the base load - settlement relationship of nondisplacement piles in sand. In such tests, the sand specimens are carefully prepared to simulate the installation of nondisplacement piles. In this paper, calibration chamber tests are analyzed using the finite element method; experimental and numerical results are compared. The finite element models are axisymmetric and use a nonlinear, elastic-plastic constitutive model. Plate resistance values predicted using the finite element analysis are shown to be in good agreement with measured values, which validates the proposed numerical model. Questions regarding the existence of calibration chamber size effects have not, to this date, been adequately addressed. Finite element analyses of both pile base resistance and plate resistance for sands with various relative densities and stress states show that size effects are usually small for settlement levels of interest in practice. This suggests that the use of calibration chambers in pile base capacity studies is justified.Key words: calibration chambers, plate load tests, constitutive modeling, size effects, piles, sands.
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Poh, Paula Y. S., Samuel Carus, Yifan Chen y Patricia A. Deuster. "Mice Heat Chamber Calibration". Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 04, n.º 04 (2014): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jasmi.2014.44013.

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Reza, Md Ali, Md Rakibul Islam, Md Shakilur Rahman, Md Shamsuzzaman, Md Rashedur Rahman y Harnur Rashid Khan. "Calibration of Therapy Level Ionization Chamber at 60Co Teletherapy Beam Used for Radiation Therapy". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 79 (agosto de 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.79.1.

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The accuracy and traceability of absorbed dose to water measurement of radiotherapy beam is a critical issue to achieve the curative outcome of cancer patients. The current dosimetry protocols for radiotherapy beams TRS-398, TG-51 and DIN-6800-2 are based on the calibration factor of ionization chamber in terms of absorbed dose to water for 60Co beam. The accuracy of the calibration factor of ionization chamber as well as output of radiotherapy beam is the primary requirements of precisional dose deliver to the tumor which is the QA part of radiotherapy dosimetry. In the present study, we have calibrated 9 different ionization chambers (8 thimbles and 1 parallel plate) of various active volumes for 60Co beam against reference standard NE2571 and compared with manufacturer’s values. The Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) and Output Factors (OF) of two cobalt units were measured with standard calibration system by following IAEA dosimetry protocol TRS-398 and compare with 6 MV photon beam from medical linear accelerator. The traceability of the dosimetry was verified by the participation of postal dose IAEA/WHO intercomparison program. The aim of the participation was to investigate uncertainties involved in the calibration of Ionization Chamber (IC) and absorbed dose measurement. The percentage of deviation relative to IAEA mean dose was found to be -0.2% (traceable limit ±5%), which shows an excellent agreement of calibration of beam as well as ionization chamber with international standard. The deviation of factors of ionization chambers between the measured and manufacturer’s values were found within 0.07-2.81% with an uncertainty of ±1.5% (k=1).
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Reza, Md Ali, Md Rakibul Islam, Md Shakilur Rahman, Md Shamsuzzaman, Md Rashedur Rahman y Harnur Rashid Khan. "Calibration of Therapy Level Ionization Chamber at <sup>60</sup>Co Teletherapy Beam Used for Radiation Therapy". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 79 (29 de agosto de 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-qf8n24.

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The accuracy and traceability of absorbed dose to water measurement of radiotherapy beam is a critical issue to achieve the curative outcome of cancer patients. The current dosimetry protocols for radiotherapy beams TRS-398, TG-51 and DIN-6800-2 are based on the calibration factor of ionization chamber in terms of absorbed dose to water for 60Co beam. The accuracy of the calibration factor of ionization chamber as well as output of radiotherapy beam is the primary requirements of precisional dose deliver to the tumor which is the QA part of radiotherapy dosimetry. In the present study, we have calibrated 9 different ionization chambers (8 thimbles and 1 parallel plate) of various active volumes for 60Co beam against reference standard NE2571 and compared with manufacturer’s values. The Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) and Output Factors (OF) of two cobalt units were measured with standard calibration system by following IAEA dosimetry protocol TRS-398 and compare with 6 MV photon beam from medical linear accelerator. The traceability of the dosimetry was verified by the participation of postal dose IAEA/WHO intercomparison program. The aim of the participation was to investigate uncertainties involved in the calibration of Ionization Chamber (IC) and absorbed dose measurement. The percentage of deviation relative to IAEA mean dose was found to be -0.2% (traceable limit ±5%), which shows an excellent agreement of calibration of beam as well as ionization chamber with international standard. The deviation of factors of ionization chambers between the measured and manufacturer’s values were found within 0.07-2.81% with an uncertainty of ±1.5% (k=1).
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Gomà, C., S. Lorentini, D. Meer y S. Safai. "Proton beam monitor chamber calibration". Physics in Medicine and Biology 59, n.º 17 (11 de agosto de 2014): 4961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/59/17/4961.

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Schoffelen, Paul F. M., Klaas R. Westerterp, Wim H. M. Saris y Foppe Ten Hoor. "A dual-respiration chamber system with automated calibration". Journal of Applied Physiology 83, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 1997): 2064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.2064.

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Schoffelen, Paul F. M., Klaas R. Westerterp, Wim H. M. Saris, and Foppe Ten Hoor. A dual-respiration chamber system with automated calibration. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 2064–2072, 1997.—This study characterizes respiration chambers with fully automated calibration. The system consists of two 14-m3pull-type chambers. Care was taken to provide a friendly environment for the subjects, with the possibility of social contact during the experiment. Gas analysis was automated to correct for analyzer drift and barometric pressure variations and to provide ease of use. Methods used for checking the system’s performance are described. The gas-analysis repeatability was within 0.002%. Results of alcohol combustion (50–350 ml/min CO2) show an accuracy of 0.5 ± 2.0 (SD) % for O2consumption and −0.3 ± 1.6% for CO2 production for 2- to 24-h experiments. It is concluded that response time is not the main factor with respect to the smallest practical measurement interval (duration); volume, mixing, gas-analysis accuracy, and levels of O2 consumption and CO2 production are at least equally important. The smallest practical interval was 15–25 min, as also found with most chamber systems described in the literature. We chose to standardize 0.5 h as the minimum measurement interval.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Calibration chamber"

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Butlanska, Joanna. "Cone penetration test in a virtual calibration chamber". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/279364.

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Cone penetration test (CPT) is a fast and reliable site investigation tool for exploring soils and soft ground. While the interpretation of the test results in clay has advanced considerably from a theoretical and numerical viewpoint that of tests in sands still relies largely on empirical correlations. A major source of such correlations comes from tests done in calibration chambers (CC), where soil state and properties might be tightly controlled. Calibration chambers are relatively large pieces of equipment, and calibration chamber testing is expensive and time consuming. Moreover, CC tests are performed on freshly reconstituted sands whose fabric may vary from that of natural sand deposits. Hence, correlations developed for one type of sand might not be suitable for another sand deposit. Numerical DEM-based calibration chambers might offer an interesting alternative to the more cumbersome physical tests. This study is the first attempt to perform a three-dimensional DEM-based simulation of cone penetration test. The three-dimensional commercial DEM code (PFC3D) is used to develop Virtual Calibration Chamber CPT (VCC CPT) model. To achieve that objective, several steps were necessary. First, calibration of an analogue discrete material to represent Ticino sand was performed using single-element tests. Afterwards, the mechanical response of the discrete material was further validated by performing additional triaxial tests with different initial conditions. The VCC CPT model was then constructed. Comprehensive dimensional analysis showed that the best option to balance computational efficiency and realism was to fill the chamber with a scaled-up calibrated discrete material. An original filtering technique was proposed to extract steady state cone resistances. A basic series of simulations was performed to explore the effect of initial stress and relative density in cone resistance. The results obtained from the simulations did fit closely the trends that had been previously established using physical chambers. That result was taken as a general validation of the proposed simulation approach. From the micromechanical point of view, the granular material is highly discontinuous and inhomogeneous. Obtaining a homogeneous initial state (especially in the zone of the penetrating cone) is crucial to obtain easily interpretable results. Specific procedures to assess initial state inhomogeneities were developed. DEM-based models can provide results at various level of resolution i.e. the microscale, the meso-scale and the macro-scale. A large series of VCC CPT has been performed. Simulations were performed for models with different horizontal servo-control walls, various sizes of chamber, cone and particles and two boundary conditions. The results were analyzed, focusing on aspects such as chamber size, particle size and boundary condition effects on steady state cone resistance values. A smaller number of tests have also been examined from the point of view of shaft resistance. Most trends and results obtained are shown to be in agreement with previous physical tests. When disagreements appear, the causes are identified: the most severe disagreements result from initial inhomogeneities in the discrete model. The work described in this thesis showed ease the burden of future CPT calibrations in granular materials.
Los ensayos de penetración estática de cono (CPT) son una de las herramientas más importantes en el reconocimiento geotécnico. La interpretación de los resultados de ensayo en arcilla ha avanzado considerablemente desde un punto de vista teórico y numérico. Sin embargo la interpretación de los resultados en los materiales granulares por ejemplo arena) todavía está basada en correlaciones empíricas provenientes de las pruebas realizadas en cámaras de calibración (CC), donde el estado del suelo y sus propiedades pueden ser controlados. Las cámaras de calibración son equipos relativamente grandes, y los ensayos en ellas son bastante costosos en tiempo y recursos. Por otra parte, las pruebas se realizan en muestras de arenas reconstituidas cuyas propiedades varían respecto de los depósitos naturales de donde provienen. Por lo tanto, las correlaciones desarrolladas en un tipo de arena podrían no ser adecuadas para otro depósito distinto. Cámaras de calibración numéricas (virtuales) basadas en el método de elementos discretos (DEM) podrían ofrecer una alternativa interesante a los ensayos físicos. Este estudio es el primer intento de realizar una simulación basadas en el método de los elementos discretos tridimensionales de ensayos de penetración de cono. El código comercial tridimensional (PFC3D) ha sido usado para desarrollar el modelo de CPT de Cámara de Calibración Virtual (CPT VCC). Para alcanzar este objetivo fueron necesarios varios pasos. En primer lugar, se llevó acabo la calibración de un material discreto análogo a arena de Ticino mediante ensayos elementales. A continuación se construyó el modelo CPT VCC. Un análisis dimensional exhaustivo mostró que la mejor opción para crear un modelo eficiente y real era llenar la cámara con un material con el tamaño de grano 50 veces mayor que el de la arena de Ticino. Se propuso una técnica original de filtrado para extraer la resistencia de punta estacionaria. Se realizó una serie básica de simulaciones para explorar el efecto de la tensión inicial y la densidad relativa sobre la resistencia de cono. Los resultados obtenidos de las simulaciones se ajustan estrechamente a las tendencias establecidas previamente en cámaras físicas. Este resultado fue tomado como una validación general del programa de simulación propuesto. Desde el punto de vista de la micro-mecánica, el material granular es muy discontinuo y no homogéneo. La obtención de un estado inicial homogéneo (especialmente en la zona de penetración del cono) es crucial para obtener resultados fácilmente interpretables. Por lo tanto se han desarrollado procedimientos específicos para evaluar heterogeneidades del estado inicial. Los resultados manifestaron el papel clave del contorno de modelo (paredes rígidas), tanto pasivo como activo (servo-controlados), durante la formación del modelo. Los modelos basados en el DEM puede proporcionar resultados a varios niveles de la resolución, es decir del micro-, meso- y macro escala. Se ha realizado una gran serie de VCC CPT. Las simulaciones se realizaron para modelos con diferentes posiciones en las paredes horizontales de servo-control, varios tamaños de cámara, varios tamaños del cono y de las partículas y dos condiciones de contorno. Los resultados se analizaron centrándose en varios aspectos como el tamaño de la cámara, el tamaño de las partículas y los efectos de condiciones de contorno sobre el valor de la resistencia de punta. Un número limitado de los CPT fue examinado desde el punto de vista de la resistencia del fuste del cono. Se observó que la mayoría de las tendencias y los resultados obtenidos estaban de acuerdo con resultados previos obtenidos en ensayos físicos. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis debería facilitar futuras calibraciones CPT en materiales granulados.
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Zankowski, Corey E. "Calibration of photon and electron beams with an extrapolation chamber". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ44642.pdf.

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Serré, Luc. "Transfer of ionization chamber calibration coefficients in linac MV x-ray beams". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21934.

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A clinical linear accelerator and a Cobalt-60 teletherapy unit were used in combination with five cylindrical cavity ionization chambers to explore the possibility of transferring calibration coefficients from a calibrated reference ionization chamber to a field ionization chamber using linac megavoltage x-ray beams. Five cross-calibration setup methods were explored in Solid Water™ and Lucite™ solid phantoms using 6 MV and 18 MV beams. The calibration coefficients obtained using Lucite™ phantoms were shown to have no statistical difference when compared to those obtained using Solid Water™ phantoms. The calibration coefficients obtained with the 6 MV beam were statistically different than those obtained with the 18 MV beam. The robustness of the five transfer methods in a linac beam was investigated and one method was shown to have superior fault tolerance, with respect to the other methods.
Un accélérateur linéaire clinique et une unité de téléthérapie contenant une capsule de Cobalt-60 furent utilisés en association avec cinq chambres d'ionisation à cavité cylindrique afin d'explorer la possibilité de transférer les coefficients d'étalonnage à partir d'une chambre d'ionisation de référence étalonnée à une autre chambre d'ionisation pour des faisceaux de photons de 6 MV et 18 MV. Cinq méthodes de transfert furent étudiées dans des fantômes en Lucite™ et Solid Water™. Les coefficients d'étalonnage obtenus en utilisant des fantômes de Lucite™ ne montraient aucune différence statistique en comparaison avec ceux en Solid Water™. Par contre, les coefficients d'étalonnage obtenus avec les faisceaux de 6 MV différaient statistiquement de ceux obtenus avec les faisceaux 18 MV. La robustesse des cinq méthodes de transfert fut étudiée et une des méthodes a démontré avoir une meilleure tolérance aux erreurs comparativement aux autres méthodes.
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Burdge, Kevin (Kevin Brian). "Photomultiplier tube calibration for the Cubic Meter Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100342.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46).
This thesis concerns measurements I performed on photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and lenses to be used in the Cubic Meter Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) experiment. DMTPC is a new generation of detector, which takes the idea of a standard time projection chamber and adds in some additional optical elements, such as CCDs and PMTs. The goal of DMTPC is the directional detection of the dark matter. During the course of my measurements, I characterized both the absolute gains of DMTPC's eight PMTs, as well as the dark currents exhibited by each of the PMTs. Seven of the eight PMTs demonstrated gains on the order of 10 6-10 7, and one PMT did not function at all. Of the seven working PMTs, six of them had dark currents under 10 kHz, and one had an excessively high dark current over 10 kHz. These gain values for the PMTs will give DMTPC the means to measure the Z dimensions of the particle tracks it intends to image, and thus when combined with the information from the CCDs will allow for full track reconstruction. DMTPC will use lenses on their CCD cameras, and I also measured the transparency of these lenses, and discovered that they are opaque below approximately 350nm. These measurements will be essential for DMTPC, because they will provide information about the relative amounts of light the PMTs and CCDs on the detector will register, and thus provide key information for track reconstruction.
by Kevin Burdge.
S.B.
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Lee, Albert H. (Albert Hyunjick). "Point by point gain calibration of the Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61256.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2010.
"May 7, 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).
Since 1975 a growing body of astronomical evidence has given increasing credibility to the existence of dark matter. Once a simple proposition by Fritz Zwicky to explain discrepancies in the virial motion of galaxy clusters, dark matter can now explain galactic rotation curves, the hierarchical structure of the universe, and the gravitational lensing of the bullet cluster. Nonetheless, the exact particulate nature of dark matter remains a mystery. The Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) is a directional detection experiment that will be able to measure the energy, length, and direction of nuclear recoil tracks induced by incoming weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). In this thesis I analyze nonuniformities in the CCD images used to record the nuclear recoils. I then identify the source of the nonuniformities and describe a method for calibrating the CCD images. The method improves the energy resolution by decreasing the uncertainty by a factor of 4 for the bottom time projection chamber (TPC) and a factor of 3 for the top TPC.
by Albert H. Lee.
S.B.
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Braid, Ryan A. "The Calibration of a Fission Chamber at 14 MeV: Accelerator based Neutron Beam Detection". Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1276710315.

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Vinci, Joseph J. "Sparse Aperture Measurement in a Non-Ideal Semi-Anechoic Chamber". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1557426154482334.

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Murphy, Ryan. "Development of an Autonomous Single-Point Calibration for a Constant Voltage Hot-Wire Anemometer". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1357.

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Traditionally, the measurement of turbulence has been conducted using hot-wire anemometry. This thesis presents the implementation of a constant voltage hot-wire anemometer for use with the Boundary Layer Data System (BLDS). A hot-wire calibration apparatus has been developed that is capable of operation inside a vacuum chamber and flow speeds up to 50 m/s. Hot-wires operated with a constant-voltage anemometer (CVA) were calibrated at absolute static pressures down to 26 kPa. A thermal/electrical model for a hot-wire and the CVA circuit successfully predicted the measured CVA output voltage trend at reduced pressure environments; however, better results were obtained when the Nusselt number was increased. A calibration approach that required only one measured flow speed was developed to allow autonomous calibrations of a CVA hot-wire. The single-point calibration approach was evaluated through comparison with the experimental data from the vacuum chamber over a range of 14-50 m/s and at pressures from 26 to 100 kPa. The thermal-electrical model was used to make predictions of CVA output voltage and the corresponding flow speed for conditions that could not be replicated within a laboratory. The first set of predictions were made for conditions from 7.5 to 100 kPa, at a constant temperature of 25⁰C, within a flight speed range of 40 to 150 m/s. Single-point calibrations were developed from these predictions. Additionally, the thermal-electrical model was used to predict hot-wire response for a change in temperature of 25⁰C at 26 kPa and the single-point calibration developed for the pressure range 7.5 to 100 kPa was tested for its ability to adjust. The temperature variation at a single pressure of 26 kPa proved that the single-point function was capable of adapting to off-standard temperatures with the largest deviations of +/- 7% in the mid-range velocities. With a temperature drop, the deviations were below 5%. The second set of thermal-electrical predictions involved conditions for altitude from 0 to 18 km at flow speeds from 40 to 150 m/s. A single-point calibration was developed for altitude conditions. Furthermore, to test the single-point calibration the thermal-electrical model was used to predict hot-re response for a temperature variation of 25⁰C at 18 km. The single-point calibration developed for altitude proved that it was capable of adjusting to a temperature variation of 25⁰C with maximum deviations of about 5% at mid-range velocities. It is proposed that the single-point calibration approach could be employed for CVA measurements with the Boundary Layer Data System (BLDS) to allow hot-wire data to be acquired autonomously during flight tests.
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Le, guen Simon. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation phénoménologique des transferts thermiques aux parois des chambres de combustion des moteurs à allumage commandé". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0012.

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Du fait du durcissement des normes en matière d’émissions polluantes et de gaz à effet de serre, les constructeurs automobiles développent des groupes motopropulseurs toujours plus sophistiqués et mettent au point des stratégies de contrôle moteur avancées. Dans ce contexte, les outils de simulation interviennent à toutes les étapes du processus de développement d’un moteur. Il est donc nécessaire de posséder des modèles à la fois fiables et simples d’utilisation. Les transferts thermiques entre les gaz et les parois de la chambre de combustion influencent des postes clés tels que la consommation et les émissions polluantes. Néanmoins ceux-ci sont difficiles à modéliser du fait de la complexité associée à leur caractérisation expérimentale. Au cours du travail de thèse, une instrumentation spécifique permettant de mesurer directement le flux de chaleur aux parois des chambres de combustion des moteurs à piston a été développée. Les mesures spécifiques réalisées dans différentes conditions de fonctionnement sont combinées à des mesures standards afin de d’étudier les phénomènes gouvernant le transfert de chaleur. Ces résultats sont utilisés pour comparer les principaux modèles zéro-dimensionnels provenant de la littérature et les différentes méthodes de calibration disponibles. Leur précision ainsi que leur prédictivité sont évaluées et des modifications sont proposées
Due to more and more severe regulations regarding pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, advanced powertrain and engine management systems are developed by car manufacturers. In this context, simulation tools are taking an ever-growing importance and are involved in every stage of the development process of engines. Therefore, there is a need for practical and reliable models. Heat transfer between the working gas and the walls of the combustion chamber affect key aspects such as fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. However, heat transfer modeling is difficult because of the complexity associated with its experimental characterization. During this thesis, a specific probe capable of directly measuring heat fluxes to the combustion chamber walls of reciprocating engines has been developed. Specific measurements performed in various working conditions are combined with standard measurements in order to study the phenomena governing the heat transfer process. These results provide relevant information to compare the most common models in the literature and the different calibration methods available. Models accuracy and predictivity are assessed and modifications are proposed
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Muhammed, Rawaz Dlawar. "Etude en chambre d'étalonnage du frottement sol-pieu sous grands nombres de cycles. Application au calcul des fondations profondes dans les sols fins saturés". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066603/document.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude du comportement de l’interface sol-pieu sous sollicitations cycliques dans les sols fins. Dans ce cadre, un important programme expérimental a été réalisé en chambre d’étalonnage, à partir d’une sonde-pieu et d’un piézocône testés dans des massifs d’argile saturée. Pour réaliser cette étude, on a, en particulier, développé un consolidomètre prototype pour la reconstitution des massifs d’argile. On s’est intéressé plus particulièrement, lors de chargements cycliques réalisés à déplacement contrôlé, aux évolutions du frottement local mobilisé à l’interface sol-pieu et de la résistance en pointe. L’étude expérimentale a permis de mettre en évidence l’influence des paramètres clés sur le comportement observé et, plus spécifiquement, sur l’évolution des propriétés de frottement d’interface. On s’est intéressé, en particulier, à l’influence de l’amplitude du chargement cyclique, de la fréquence des sollicitations, ainsi que du nombre de cycles appliqués. L’accent a été mis sur le cas des grands nombres de cycles, typiquement quelques centaines de milliers, encore peu étudié dans la littérature. Il faut également ajouter l’étude de l’influence du niveau des contraintes initiales appliquées au massif. Les résultats expérimentaux ont permis de mettre en évidence, après une phase de dégradation initiale, une phase de renforcement du frottement local. Ce type de comportement n’a pas encore été décrit dans la littérature. La phase de dégradation est attribuée à l’augmentation progressive de la surpression interstitielle à l’interface au cours des cycles, tandis que la phase de renforcement est attribuée à la dissipation progressive de la surpression interstitielle. Par ailleurs, un essai de chargement cyclique sur un piézocône a été réalisé afin de quantifier précisément la variation des surpressions interstitielles à l’interface sol-pieu et dans le massif, lors des différentes phases de chargement, et ainsi valider les interprétations faites concernant les phases de dégradation et de renforcement
This Ph.D. dissertation focuses on the behavior of the pile-soil interface under cyclic loading. In this context, an experimental program was conducted on the Navier calibration chamber using an instrumented pile-probe and a piezocone installed in saturated clay samples. In order to carry out this study, we developed, In particular a slurry consolidomètre prototype to reconstitute fully saturated clay samples. Special attention was given, during displacement controlled cyclic tests, to local friction evolution mobilized at the pile-soil interface and mobilized tip résistance. The experimental study has allowed the demonstration of the influence of the key parameters on the observed behavior and more specifically, on the local friction at the interface. We examined, in particular, the influence of amplitude of cyclic displacement, the frequency of cyclic loading and the applied number of cycles. Emphasis was put on the case of large number of a few hundred thousand of cycles that is still little studied in the literature. We also study the influence of initial consolidation pressure. The experimental results allowed us to identify, after an initial phase of stress softening, a new phase of stress hardening of local friction. This behavior is not yet described in the literature. The stress softening phase is related to the progressive generation of pore water pressure while the stress hardening, for its part, is related to a gradual dissipation of the generated pore water pressure. Furthermore, a complete sequence of monotonic and cyclic tests were conducted on a piezocone in order to quantify, in a precise manner, the generated pore water pressure at the pile-soil interface during different loading phases and thus validate interpretations given for stress-softening and stress-hardening phases based on the observed results
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Libros sobre el tema "Calibration chamber"

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Calhoun, Jacqueline M. Radioactivity calibrations with the"4[pi]" gamma ionization chamber and other radioactivity calibration capabilities. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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), International Symposium on Calibration Chamber Testing (1st 1991 Potsdam N. Y. Calibration chamber testing: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Calibration Chamber Testing/ISOCCT1, Potsdam, New York, 28-29 June 1991. New York: Elsevier, 1991.

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Calhoun, Jacqueline M. NBS measurement services: Radioactivity calibrations with the "4pi" gamma ionization chamber and other radioactivity calibration capabilities. Washington, D.C: National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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Morioka, Brennon T. Evaluation of the static and cyclic properties of calcareous sand in a calibration chamber study. Honolulu: Hawaii Dept. of Transportation Highways Division, 1999.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. Absorbed-dose calibration of ionization chambers in a p60sCo gamma-ray beam. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. Absorbed-dose calibration of ionization chambers in a p60sCo gamma-ray beam. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. Absorbed-dose calibration of ionization chambers in a Co gamma-ray beam. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990.

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Pruitt, John S. Absorbed-dose calibration of ionization chambers in a ⁶⁰Co gamma-ray beam. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990.

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Pruitt, John S. Absorbed-dose calibration of ionization chambers in a ¡°Co gamma-ray beam. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. Absorbed-dose calibration of ionization chambers in a p60sCo gamma-ray beam. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Calibration chamber"

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Airoldi, Sergio, Alberto Bretschneider, Vincenzo Fioravante y Daniela Giretti. "Validation of In-Situ Probes by Calibration Chamber Tests". En Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 659–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97112-4_147.

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Stähler, F. T., S. Kreiter, M. Goodarzi, D. Al-Sammarraie, T. Stanski y T. Mörz. "Influences on CPT-Results in a Small Volume Calibration Chamber". En Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 730–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97112-4_163.

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Bhatnagar, Jagdish P., Ajay Niranjan, Andre Kalend, Josef Novotny, Jr., Douglas Kondziolka, L. Dade Lunsford y John C. Flickinger. "Miniature Ion Chamber for Output Calibration of Stereotactic Radiosurgery Units". En Radiosurgery, 66–74. Basel: KARGER, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000288719.

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Fleischer, Matthias, Stefan Kreiter, Tobias Mörz y Marc Huhndorf. "A Small Volume Calibration Chamber for Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) on Submarine Soils". En Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences, 181–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_18.

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Mallant, R. K. A. M. "A Fog Chamber and Wind Tunnel Facility for Calibration of Cloud Water Collectors". En Acid Deposition at High Elevation Sites, 479–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3079-7_28.

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Song, Y., X. Q. Gu y J. Hu. "DEM-FDM coupling simulation of cone penetration tests in a virtual calibration chamber". En Cone Penetration Testing 2022, 703–7. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003329091-103.

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Skrede, H., H. B. Hammer, S. Nordal y J. S. L’Heureux. "CPTU-detection of thin clay layers in sand: Results from calibration chamber tests". En Cone Penetration Testing 2022, 690–96. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003329091-101.

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Skrede, H., H. B. Hammer, S. Nordal y J. S. L’Heureux. "CPTU-detection of thin clay layers in sand: Results from calibration chamber tests". En Cone Penetration Testing 2022, 690–96. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308829-101.

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Song, Y., X. Q. Gu y J. Hu. "DEM-FDM coupling simulation of cone penetration tests in a virtual calibration chamber". En Cone Penetration Testing 2022, 703–7. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308829-103.

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Quack, Salina y David Dulin. "Surface Functionalization, Nucleic Acid Tether Characterization, and Force Calibration for a Magnetic Tweezers Assay". En Single Molecule Analysis, 403–20. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3377-9_19.

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AbstractMagnetic tweezers are a force spectroscopy single-molecule technique. They enable the mechanical manipulation of biomolecules via the means of a magnetic particle under an attractive force applied by a magnetic field source. The magnetic particle is tethered to the glass surface of a flow chamber by the biomolecule, and functionalization strategies have been developed to reduce the nonspecific interactions of either the magnetic particles or biomolecules with the surface. Here, we describe two complementary strategies to achieve a high tether density while reducing the interactions of both the magnetic particle and the biomolecule of interest with the glass surface. Using a large detector CMOS camera, the simultaneous observation of several hundreds of tethered magnetic beads is achievable, allowing high-throughput single-molecule measurements. We further describe here a simple procedure to perform the calibration in force of a magnetic tweezers assay.
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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Calibration chamber"

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Randolph, Clyde A., Robert L. Caswell, Charles L. Hern, Mark Pickens, Milton J. Triplett y Randy A. Nicholson. "Space chamber calibration comparison". En Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, editado por Wendell R. Watkins y Dieter Clement. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.243023.

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Zhou, Shumin y Bin Tang. "Uncertainty evaluation of calibration radon chamber". En Seventh International Symposium on Instrumentation and Control Technology, editado por Jiancheng Fang y Zhongyu Wang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.806623.

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Rajamani, Vignesh, Charles F. Bunting y James C. West. "Calibration of a numerically modeled reverberation chamber". En 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isemc.2009.5284610.

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Di, Chen, Wang Yan, Gao Bin y Gao Yougang. "Field Uniformity Calibration of Practical Reverberation Chamber". En The 2006 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceem.2006.257941.

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Qi Wanquan, Wang Songyu y Feng Yingqiang. "E-field probe calibration in reverberation chamber". En 2017 International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwem.2017.7968784.

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Roset, X., M. Nogueras, A. Garcia, J. del Rio y D. Sarria. "Geophone calibration by means of hyperbaric chamber". En OCEANS 2009-EUROPE (OCEANS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2009.5278266.

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Bo, Zhong, Wang Jitong, Niu Feng, He Longbiao y Li Xuebin. "An automatic calibration system for anechoic chamber". En 2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2012.6284326.

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Van Thanh, Dong, Shoji Uno, Makoto Uchida, Hitoshi Ozaki y Nanae Taniguchi. "Calibration for Belle II Central Drift Chamber". En 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2017.8532695.

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Harima, K. "Novel calibration technique for EMI antenna using reverberation chamber". En 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2006. EMC 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isemc.2006.1706358.

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He, Jinliang, Zhiyong Yuan, Rong Zeng, Shuiming Chen, Bo Zhang y Fan Wu. "Evaluation of Test Reproducibility of Calibration in Reverberation Chamber". En 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isemc.2007.203.

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Informes sobre el tema "Calibration chamber"

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Huang, An-Bin. Calibration Chamber Testing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada247596.

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Chiang, I.-Hung, Adam Rusek y M. Sivertz. Secondary Emission Chamber Calibration with Scintillator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1775552.

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Calhoun, Jacqueline M. Radioactivity calibrations with the "4π" Gamma ionization chamber and other radioactivity calibration capabilities. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.sp.250-10.

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Schoo, D. Description and calibration beamline SEM/Ion Chamber Current Digitizer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mayo de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10160790.

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Witte, Hawley y Grimley. PR-015-12601-R01 USM Accuracy Effects with Pressure and Temperature Variations from Initial Calibration. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), julio de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010810.

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Static environmental chamber tests and flow tests at various pressure and temperature conditions were conducted to determine the effects on flow measurement values for two ultrasonic meters from two different manufacturers. Mechanical dimension changes produced by stress from pressure and thermal expansion or contraction at state conditions different from dry calibration and flow calibration conditions in the meters were predicted. The predicted flow measurement error was compared with the actual flow measurement error.
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Jursich, Mark. EMR Coupling into Systems: Calibration of the Sandia Reverberation Chamber and Validation of the Single Slot Aperture Gain Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), noviembre de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1490526.

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Meddage, Varuna Crishan. Liquid argon time projection chamber calibration using cosmogenic muons, and measurement of neutrino induced charged kaon production in argon in the charged current mode (MicroBooNE experiment). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1556962.

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Pruitt, John S. Absorbed-dose calibration of ionization chambers in a ⁶⁰Co gamma-ray beam. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.250-40.

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Minniti, Ronaldo, Jileen Shobe, Stephen M. Seltzer, Heather Chen-Mayer y Steve R. Domen. Absorbed dose to water calibration of ionization chambers in a ⁶⁰Co gamma-ray beam. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.250-74.

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Bleser E., J. W. Glenn, M. Tanaka y R. Thern. SEB Extraction Study I - Calibrations of the Ring Loss Monitor (RLM) and the Secondary Emission Chamber (SEC) by Changing the Electrostatic Septum Position and Skew (H2OUS/DS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131549.

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