Literatura académica sobre el tema "Chavin"

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Chavin"

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Morales Chocano, Daniel. "Aportes amazonicos al formativo andino*". Investigaciones Sociales 5, n.º 8 (10 de junio de 2014): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/is.v5i8.7454.

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RESUMEN La tesis de J.C Tello sobre los orígenes amazónicos de la cultura Chavín ha tenido en la iconografía amazónica presente en Chavin sus argumentos mas fuertes, sin embargo, falta mucho por investigar el aspecto ideológico que representan esos iconos como el jaguar, las cabezas trofeo y el uso de alucinógenos, los cuales indudablemente se vinculan al chamanismo amazónico.
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Barcelos, Artur H. F. "A representação iconográfica da mitologia no Peru pré-incaico: ruptura e continuidade". Estudos Ibero-Americanos 23, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 1997): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-864x.1997.2.28281.

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As culturas que precedem o império inca na região peruana andina apresentam uma grande diversidade relacionada com os processos de integração e regionalismo verificados ao longo de 2000 anos. No entanto, alguns aspectos representativos da primeira integração andina promovidas pela cultura Chavin de Huantar influenciou as sociedades que vêm depois. Este artigo pretende analisar os elementos característicos da cultura Chavin e sua permanência nas manifestações iconográficas posteriores.
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D'Altroy, Terence N. y Richard L. Burger. "Chavin and the Origins of Andean Civilization." Hispanic American Historical Review 74, n.º 1 (febrero de 1994): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517445.

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Urton, Gary. "The Body of Meaning in Chavin Art". Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 29-30 (marzo de 1996): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/resvn1ms20166952.

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Sillar, W. y Rebecca Stone Miller. "Art of the Andes from Chavin to Inca." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 2, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1996): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034312.

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Wagner, U., F. E. Wagner, A. Stockklauser, R. Salazar, J. Riederer y F. Kauffmann-Doig. "Mössbauer analysis of recent ceramic finds from Chavin". Hyperfine Interactions 29, n.º 1-4 (febrero de 1986): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02399429.

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Damian, Carol y Rebecca Stone-Miller. "Art of the Andes from Chavin to Inca." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, n.º 3 (agosto de 1997): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516723.

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Bird, Robert McK. "A Postulated Tsunami and Its Effects on Cultural Development in the Peruvian Early Horizon". American Antiquity 52, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281781.

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While investigating the archaeological background of early maize on the coast of Peru, I realized that several factors affect interpretation. The estimated date for the start of common use of maize there is close to the apparent dates of a large tsunami, the abandonment of many coastal sites, and the start of occupation at Chavin de Huantar in the highlands. While investigating the possible relations between the principal pre-tsunami coastal culture and Chavin, I discovered that depictions of a monstrous head link the two cultures. Dating of first millennium B.C. materials is complicated by changes in the atmospheric 14C level, so iconographic, stylistic, and material linkages are even more important in thinking about cultural development in this period. Inconsistencies between older inferences and newer observations can be resolved by a new model.
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Burger, Richard L. y Nikolaas J. Van Der Merwe. "Maize and the Origin of Highland Chavin Civilization: An Isotopic Perspective". American Anthropologist 92, n.º 1 (marzo de 1990): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1990.92.1.02a00060.

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Rick, John W. "The Evolution of Authority and Power at Chavin de Huantar, Peru". Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 14, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.2005.14.071.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Chavin"

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Goetzke, Mark Alan. "L'iconographie de Chavin : étude analytique du premier des grands styles péruviens". Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0314.

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Le developpement de la culture de chavin et sa dissemination a travers le perou pendant le premier millenaire avant notre ere constituent le mouvement le plus significatif de cette periode de la prehistoire peruvienne. Un aspect essentiel de ce mouvement fut l'institutionnalisation d'une iconographie elaboree en tant que moyen de codifier, de fixer, et de transmettre des informations relatives au culte religieux de chavin. Cette etude aborde l'iconographie de chavin comme phenomene culturel et historique, prenant en consideration les donnees archeologiques du site, ainsi que celles du contexte general dans lequel cette culture prit forme et s'etendit. L'objet principal de cette etude reste cependant l'analyse de l'iconographie de chavin dans son acception la plus large. Cette analyse tient compte de parametres multiples, notamment la chronologie et la distribution geographique. Concretement, en procedant a partir des ensembles architecturaux des sculptures lithiques connues in situ, elle se developpe selon des criteres thematiques et stylistiques, et s'efforce de s'ouvrir sur le vaste probleme de la representation iconographique et de sa propre signification
The development of chavin culture and its dissemination throughout peru during the first millenium b. C. Constitute the most significant movement of this period of peruvian prehistory. An essential aspect of this movement was the institutionalization of an elaborate iconography as a means of coding, fixing, and transmitting information relative to the chavin religious cult. The present study addresses chavin iconography as a cultural and historical phenomenon, taking into consideration archeological data on the site, as well as those data about the general context in which this culture took form and spread. The main object of this study is however the analysis of chavin iconography in its broadest acceptation. This analysis takes account of multiple parameters, notably chronology and geographical distribution. Concretely, proceeding from architectural sets of lithic sculpture known in situ, it develops according to thematic and stylistic criteria, and endeavours to open into the vast problem of iconographic representation and its signification
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Goetzke, Mark Alan. "L'Iconographie de Chavin étude analytique du premier des grands styles péruviens /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613978q.

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Druc, Isabelle Clara. "Ceramic production and distribution in the Chavín sphere of influence (North-central Andes) /". Oxford : J. & E. Hedges : Archaeopress, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37079811t.

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Heggarty, Paul y David Beresford-Jones. "Archaeology, Language, and the Andean Past: Principles, Methods, and the New "State of the Art"". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113428.

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This book emerges from the conference Lenguas y sociedades en el antiguo Perú: hacia un enfoque interdisciplinario, a gathering of linguists, archaeologists and anthropologists at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú in August 2009. This chapter sets out first the raison d’être of our enterprise: why it seemed so important to foster a meeting of minds between these disciplines, to converge their disparate but complementary perspectives into a more coherent Andean prehistory.Next, it is asked how linguistics can inform us about prehistory at all, exploring some general methodological principles and how they might be applied specifically in the case of the Andes. The ‘traditional model’ for associating the linguistic and archaeological records in the Andes is then reviewed — but pointing also to various inherent infelicities, which duly call for a far-reaching, interdisciplinary reconsideration of the Andean past.Therefore we attempt to sum up the new state of the cross-disciplinary art in Andean prehistory, as collectively represented by the papers that emerged both from the Lima conference and from the symposium that preceded it, held at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at the University of Cambridge in September 2008. Progress and new perspectives are explored first on key individual questions. Who, for instance, were the Incas, and whence and when did they come to Cuzco? How and when did Quechua, too, reach Cuzco, as well as its furthest-flung outposts in north-west Argentina, Ecuador and northern Peru?Finally, the scope is broadened to overall scenarios for how the main Andean language families might correlate in time and space with the archaeological horizons that in principle might best account for their dispersals. Four basic hypotheses have emerged, whose respective strengths and weaknesses are assessed in turn: a traditional ‘Wari as Aymara’ model, revised and defended; alternative proposals of ‘Wari as both Aymara and Quechua’, a suggestion of ‘both Chavin and Wari as Quechua’; and the most radical new departure, ‘Wari as Quechua, Chavin as Aymara’.
El presente volumen resulta del simposio "Lenguas y sociedades en el antiguo Perú: hacia un enfoque interdisciplinario", una reunión de lingüistas, arqueólogos y antropólogos realizada en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú en agosto de 2009. La presente contribución expone primero la razón de ser de nuestra iniciativa: el por qué nos parecía tan importante promover un encuentro entre estas disciplinas, con el objeto de hacer converger sus perspectivas dispares —pero, por lo tanto, complementarias— para avanzar hacia una prehistoria andina más coherente.Seguidamente, preguntamos cómo es que la lingüística está en condiciones de proveernos datos sobre la prehistoria. Primero examinamos algunos principios metodológicos generales a tal fin, antes de examinar como estos se dejan aplicar mejor en el caso específico de los Andes. A continuación, pasamos revista al modelo tradicional de las supuestas asociaciones entre los registros lingüísticos y arqueológicos en la región, señalando al paso varios desaciertos inherentes, los mismos que claman por una reconsideración profunda e interdisciplinaria del pasado andino.Por lo tanto, este artículo prosigue con el propósito de resumir el nuevo estado interdisciplinario de la cuestión de la prehistoria andina, tal como lo representan los artículos que resultaron tanto del encuentro de Lima como del simposio que le precedió, llevado a cabo en el McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research de la University of Cambridge en septiembre de 2008. Se analizan, en primer lugar, los avances y nuevas perspectivas sobre algunos temas específicos, entre ellos: ¿quiénes fueron los incas, de donde procedían y cuando llegaron al Cuzco?, ¿cómo y cuándo alcanzó el quechua el Cuzco, así como sus más alejados puestos de avanzada en el noroeste de Argentina, Ecuador y el norte del Perú?Por último, ampliamos nuestro alcance a escenarios generales que buscan correlacionar, en el tiempo y el espacio, las principales familias lingüísticas de los Andes con los horizontes arqueológicos que, en principio, mejor podrían explicar sus dispersiones. Han surgido cuatro hipótesis básicas, cuyos respectivos puntos fuertes y débiles pasamos a evaluar: el modelo tradicional, ahora revisado y defendido, de "Wari como aimara"; y propuestas alternativas de Wari como aimara y quechua a la vez", "Chavín y Wari como quechua", y —más radical aún respecto al modelo tradicional— "Wari como quechua, Chavín como aimara".
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Mesz, Lise. "Contribution à une redéfinition du « Formatif » péruvien : l’horizon Cupisnique-Chavín". Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040206.

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Les premières civilisations péruviennes se sont épanouies pendant la période dite « formative » entre 2500 av. J.-C. et le début de notre ère. Les connaissances actuelles sur le Formatif et les cultures Cupisnique ou Chavín ont été largement influencées par les théories évolutionnistes et diffusionnistes héritées du XIXe siècle. Ce travail de recherche répond à la nécessité d’opérer une synthèse réactualisée de cette période mal connue et de redéfinir le premier horizon culturel communément appelé Chavín. D’une part, cette étude propose un cadre chronologique fondé sur la réévaluation systématique des séquences chrono-culturelles de l’ensemble des sites archéologiques occupés à cette époque. Elle établit une périodisation du Formatif et détermine les principaux groupes culturels qui caractérisent ses différentes étapes. D’autre part, ce travail apporte une réflexion épistémologique sur les concepts Cupisnique et Chavín. L’Horizon Chavín, traditionnellement défini comme le résultat de la diffusion stylistique de l’art religieux de Chavín de Huántar, est ici réinterprété au regard des données récentes de la recherche archéologique et d’une analyse approfondie des données chronologiques et culturelles des centres cérémoniels les plus importants. Cette étude précise enfin le rôle majeur que les sites de tradition culturelle Cupisnique et le temple de Chavín de Huántar ont joué dans l’élaboration et la mise en place de concepts religieux communs transcrits dans une écriture iconographique codifiée
Early Peruvian civilisations were flourishing during the period called « Formative » between 2500 BC and the beginning of our era. The current knowledge of Formative and Cupisnique or Chavín cultures has been considerably influenced by evolutionist and diffusionist theories inherited from the nineteenth century. This research attempts to meet the necessity of realising an updated synthesis of this almost unknown period and to redefine the first cultural horizon usually called Chavín. On the one hand, this study proposes a chronological frame based on systematic revaluation of the chrono-cultural sequences of all the archaeological sites of this period. It sets out a chronology of the Formative cultures and determines the main cultural groups which characterise its different stages.On the other hand, this work offers an epistemological thought on Cupisnique and Chavín cultures. Chavín Horizon, traditionally defined as the result of the stylistic diffusion of Chavín de Huántar religious art is re-interpreted in the light of recent archaeological data collected in the main ceremonial centers. Finally, this dissertation makes clear the major role that Cupisnique sites and Chavín de Huántar temple have had in the creation and the development of shared religious concepts transcribed in a codified iconographic writing
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PARK, YUMI. "THE ENGRAVED HEAD MOTIFS ON CUPISNIQUE STYLE VESSELS: INNOVATION AND APPROPRIATION IN EARLY ANDEAN ART". VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/151.

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This dissertation is a formal and iconographic study of a distinctive engraved motif found on Cupisnique style vessels that were excavated in what is now northern Peru. The Cupisnique style was developed approximately between 1200 – 200 B.C.E., and was mainly centered in the Jequetepeque and the Chicama Valleys in the northern coastal region of Peru. This study includes an analysis of two ceramic vessels in the collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (henceforth VMFA). The purpose of this dissertation is to document and analyze the Cupisnique engraved head motifs and to argue that these motifs reflect the influence of early Formative Ecuador ceramics on the later coastal Cupisnique as well as on the highland Chavín style. In addition to the two VMFA vessels, this study documents and analyzes an additional one hundred seventy seven (177) Cupisnique ceramics vessels that were also engraved with head motifs. These belong to various museums and private collections in South and North America. This study also presents a catalog of all documented head motifs, including those captured on photographs and in original drawings. The Cupisnique head motifs are classified by individual elements, and iconographies of Cupisnique head motifs are presented based on the origin and influence of the motifs.
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Alinovi, Benedetta. "Halfordered chain structures, splittings by chains and convexity". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965344320.

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Konukcu, Selda. "A knowledge chain framework for construction supply chains". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9155.

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Construction is a project-based industry and construction supply chains generally work with a unique product in every project. Commonly, project organizations are reconfigured for each project. This means that construction supply chains are characterised by various practices and disjointed relationships, with the result that construction supply chain actors generally have transient relationships rather than long term risk sharing partnerships. A consequence of this is the lack of trust between construction clients, designers, main contractors and suppliers. Because the construction supply chain works as a disparate collection of separate organisations rather than as a unified team, the supply chain suffers from lack of integration. Knowledge flow in construction supply chains are hindered due to the reasons such as inadequate adaptation to collaborative procurement type projects, inadequate collaboration between the downstream and upstream supply chain, lack of interoperability of the design tools, lack of well structured SCM process and lack of well developed knowledge management applications. These characteristics of the construction supply chains are the main reasons for its low efficiency and productivity in project delivery. There is a need for the development of appropriate systems to ensure the effective diffusion of knowledge such that each actor of the supply chain adds value to the project delivery process. This is expected to result in the creation of knowledge chains in construction. It is believed that construction supply chain management (SCM), when integrated with knowledge management (KM), can successfully address the major problems of the industry The main aim of this research was to develop a framework to transform construction supply chains into knowledge chains . To reach this aim, the research first provided an overview of practices and issues in SCM across a range of industry sectors including construction, aerospace, and automotive industries. It discusses research and developments in the field of SCM and KM in construction industry, the key SCM issues with a knowledge flow focus, and the best practices from other industries to improve the construction supply chains. Furthermore, the results of the company specific and project specific case studies conducted in aerospace and construction industry supply chains are presented. These results include the key SC problems, key issues related to knowledge flow and the presentation of knowledge requirements of each supply chain actor. Following the data analysis process, a framework to transform the construction supply chain into a knowledge chain taking full cognisance of both the technical and social aspects of KM was presented. The main purpose of the knowledge chain framework was to enable construction bid managers/project managers to plan and manage the project knowledge flow in the supply chain and organise activities, meetings and tasks to improve SCM and KM throughout the supply chain in an integrated procurement type (PFI) project life cycle. The knowledge chain framework was intended to depict the knowledge flow in the construction supply chain specifically, and to offer guidance for specific business processes to transform the supply chains into knowledge chains. Finally, this research focused on the evaluation of the framework through industry practitioners and researchers. An evaluation of the Framework was conducted via workshop followed by a questionnaire comprising industry experts. The findings indicated that adoption of the Framework in construction project lifecycle could contribute towards more efficient and effective management of knowledge flow, standardisation and integration of SCM and KM processes, better coordination and integration of the SC, improved consistency and visibility of the processes, and successful delivery of strategic projects. The overall research process contributed the construction research in many perspectives such as introduction of knowledge chain concept for construction supply chains; comparative analysis of the SCM practices in different industry sectors, identification of best practices for construction supply chains, better demonstration of the maturity level and critical factors of the SCM within the construction industry, demonstration of the KC framework which integrates the supply chain process and knowledge sharing within a single framework which covers all the recent trends in the construction industry like collaborative procurement route projects, creation of better integrated SCs, applications like off site construction and BIM where all supply chain management and knowledge management should take place.
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Berg, Andrej [Verfasser]. "Multiscale Simulations of Ubiquitin Chains : Linkage and Chain Behavior / Andrej Berg". Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228787751/34.

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Smith, Wynet. "From chainsaw to chain store : regulating timber commodity chains in Cameroon". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613965.

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Libros sobre el tema "Chavin"

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Chavin and the origins of Andean civilization. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1992.

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Burger, Richard L. Chavin and the origins of Andean civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.

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Puymege, Gerard de. Chavin, le soldat- laboureur. / contribution a l'etude des nationalismes. Paris: Gallimard, 1993.

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Rosado, Félix Gallegos. Chavin, el mito creador de una gran cultura: El lenguaje de las piedras. [Peru: s.n., 2004.

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Chavin, el mito creador de una gran cultura: El lenguaje de las piedras. [Peru: s.n., 2004.

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Klauer, Alfonso. El mundo pre-inka: Los abismos del co ndor. Volumen I. Santa Fe]: El Cid Editor, 2006.

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Mattievich, Enrico. Viagem ao inferno mitológico: Nas ruínas do labirinto andino de Chavin, a chave para decifrar o significado oculto dos mitos gregos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Editora Objetiva, 1992.

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Mattievich, Enrico. Viagem ao inferno mitológico: Nas ruínas do labirinto andino de Chavin, a chave para decifrar o significado oculto dos mitos gregos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Editora Objetiva, 1992.

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Hathurusinghe, C. P. A study on value chanin [i.e. chain] of pineapple and banana in Sri Lanka. Colombo: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, 2012.

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Lumbreras, Luis Guillermo. Chavín. Perú: Telefónica, 2001.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Chavin"

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Yamakawa, Emeritus Hiromi. "Chain Statistics — Wormlike Chains". En Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 19–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60817-9_3.

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Yamakawa, Hiromi y Takenao Yoshizaki. "Chain Statistics: Wormlike Chains". En Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 21–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48716-7_3.

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Yamakawa, Emeritus Hiromi. "Chain Statistics — Helical Wormlike Chains". En Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 51–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60817-9_4.

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Yamakawa, Hiromi y Takenao Yoshizaki. "Chain Statistics: Helical Wormlike Chains". En Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 59–127. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48716-7_4.

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Barros, Ana Cristina, Pedro Pinho Senna, Irene Marchiori, Dimitra Kalaitzi y Sébastien Balech. "Scenario-Driven Supply Chain Charaterization Using a Multi-Dimensional Approach". En Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 79–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63505-3_4.

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AbstractExtreme disruptive events, such as the volcano eruption in Iceland, the Japanese tsunami, and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as constant changes in customers’ needs and expectations, have forced supply chains to continuously adapt to new environments. Consequently, it is paramount to understand the supply chain characteristics for possible future scenarios, in order to know how to respond to threats and take advantage of the opportunities that the next years will bring. This chapter focuses on describing the characteristics of the supply chain in each of the six macro-scenarios presented in Sardesai et al. (2020b), as final stage of the scenario building methodology. Supply chains for each scenario are characterized in eight dimensions: Products and Services, Supply Chain Paradigm, Sourcing and Distribution, Technology Level, Supply Chain Configuration, Manufacturing Systems, Sales Channel, and Sustainability.
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Van Woensel, Tom, Said Dabia y Ton de Kok. "Managing Supply Chains: Transport Optimization and Chain Synchronization". En Transitions Towards Sustainable Mobility, 119–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21192-8_7.

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Lehtinen, Ulla. "Sustainable Supply Chain Management in Agri-food Chains". En Sustainability Challenges in the Agrofood Sector, 150–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119072737.ch7.

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Wassermann, Otto. "Das Supply-Chain-Management in globalen Supply Chains". En Das intelligente Unternehmen, 225–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06469-6_39.

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Taschner, Andreas y Michel Charifzadeh. "Supply Chains, Supply Chain Management and Management Accounting". En Management Accounting in Supply Chains, 1–14. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28597-5_1.

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"Front Matter". En Chavin, i—vi. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdmwx21.1.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Chavin"

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Natonabah, Serena, Marti Zolnir y Tracey Malter. "Hauscarán National Park: Chavin Culture Through the Lens of Traditional Artwork". En Conference of the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education. Michigan Technological University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.yeah-conference/2020/all-events/41.

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Gabrielsen, Øystein, Turid Liengen, Gisle Rørvik, Solfrid Molid y Terje Stavang. "Corrosion Experience with Low Carbon Steel R4 Grade Mooring Chain". En Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31233-ms.

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Abstract Equinor owns and operates a fleet of floating installations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). As the installations are getting older, the importance of knowing the actual condition of the mooring systems has increased, and continuous mooring system integrity evaluation is important for the safekeeping of the assets. As a part of the mooring system integrity management, seabed chains have been replaced for condition evaluation, as in situ inspection techniques so far has not been able to determine the actual conditions of longer lengths of seabed chain. Thorough onshore inspection and full-scale fatigue and break load tests has been performed on retrieved chains, to map the actual condition and effect to integrity. After retrieving seabed chains from approximately half of the floating installations, Equinor now has collected experience on chain degrading mechanisms and corrosion on different locations, water depths and different chain deliveries. The inspections have revealed several corrosion phenomena, where microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) due activity of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), is observed to have a significant effect on fatigue capacity. An important finding is also that corrosion mechanisms and severity change along the seabed chains. In the Equinor fleet mooring chain grade R4 has usually been used. In total four different vendors have supplied chains, but the vast majority is supplied by two vendors. One of the mooring chain vendors have supplied low carbon (LC) steel chains for the larger chain diameters (larger than 114mm). A significant difference in corrosion is found between the low carbon steel R4 grade chains and other chains. Differences are found both for general corrosion, light surface corrosion and MIC/SRB corrosion. This paper presents and discusses findings on MIC/SRB for seabed chains, in connection with the type of steel used in the mooring chain, demonstrating limited corrosion on low carbon steel chains. Also, special corrosion phenomena found only on low carbon steel chain is presented. These are found to have no or limited effect to integrity of the chains.
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3

Zhu, Haibo. "Decision mechanism for chain to chain collaboration in cluster supply chains". En 2012 IEEE Symposium on Robotics and Applications (ISRA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isra.2012.6219196.

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Wang, Hui, Xiaowei Zhu, S. Jack Hu y Yoram Koren. "Complexity Analysis of Assembly Supply Chain Configurations". En ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59170.

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This paper studies the complexity of assembly supply chains in mass customization environment. The high product variety from mass customization increases the complexity of assembly supply chains. The paper identifies the factors causing supply chain complexity and defines a complexity measure of an assembly supply chain based on these factors and the information entropy theory. Algorithms that determine the optimal supply chain configuration are developed to minimize the supply chain complexity (without and with assembly constraints). This analytical study of supply chain complexity will generate new insights on the influence of product variety on supply chains performance in mass customization. The model and algorithms developed in this paper can assist in making decisions such as when and how to implement a modular assembly supply chain and how much variety should be economically offered.
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5

Gabrielsen, Øystein, Kjell Larsen, Oddgeir Dalane, Hans B. Lie y Svein-Arne Reinholdtsen. "Mean Load Impact on Mooring Chain Fatigue Capacity: Lessons Learned From Full Scale Fatigue Testing of Used Chains". En ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95083.

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Abstract Fatigue of mooring chain is for many floating offshore installations a limiting factor in design. With aging installations and the need for field life extension beyond the original design life, questions on mooring chain endurance are raised. Current SN curves utilized in fatigue limit state (FLS) calculation are based on full scale testing of new chain, performed at a high mean load level (20% of the chains minimum breaking load (MBL)). The high mean load level in the tests do not correspond to the conditions for many chains in operation, as mean load in fatigue relevant seastates are often significantly less than mean load used in the new chain fatigue tests. Mooring chains in operation also experience different degree of corrosion, both general corrosion and pitting. Surface roughness and corrosion pits contribute to crack initiations, and thus reduce fatigue capacity. Fatigue tests with new chain condition cannot be assumed representative for corroded chains. As part of mooring integrity programs, Equinor has been replacing mooring chains since year 2000. To assess actual fatigue capacity, many chain segments have been full scale fatigue tested. First tests started in 2011, and the tests cover different degrees of corrosion. The tests have been performed at typical mean load levels relevant for operation of the installations, which for most cases are less than 20%MBL. From these tests it is observed that fatigue capacity in some cases are better than expected for new chain, even for chain segments with significant corrosion. Fatigue test results show a large effect of the mean load. For test cases with significant corrosion and high mean load (20%MBL), a significant reduction in fatigue capacity compared to new chains is found. This paper presents some of the fatigue test results on used chain, highlighting the effect of the mean load for the given chain conditions. Effect of corrosion at mean load of 20%MBL is also included. The paper discusses some of the underlaying causes for the mean load dependency.
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6

Sathya, D., S. Nithyaroopa, D. Jagadeesan y I. Jeena Jacob. "Block-chain Technology for Food supply chains". En 2021 Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicv50876.2021.9388478.

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Ding, Huafeng y Zhen Huang. "Loop-Structure Decomposition of Kinematic Chains, Application to Rigid Sub-Chain Detection". En ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34147.

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Rigid sub-chain detection and isomorphism identification are two of the most difficult problems in the computer aided structure synthesis of kinematic chains. Based on the array representation of the loops of kinematic chains, this paper first introduces two operations of loops. Then a new theory of structure decomposition of kinematic chains is proposed on the basis of the concept of the independent loop set. After that a new method grounded on the theory is proposed for rigid sub-chain detection. Finally, the optimized algorithm for structure decomposition is presented and the corresponding program for rigid sub-chain detection is developed as well.
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8

Xue, Xutian y Nian-Zhong Chen. "Fracture Mechanics Based Mooring Chain Fatigue Analysis for a Semi-Submersible Subjected to Tension and Torque". En ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77409.

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Mechanism of torque induced by chain twist and its effects on the predicting fatigue lives of mooring chains of a semi-submersible operated in OWA (Offshore Western Africa) are investigated in this paper. The fatigue lives of mooring chains are estimated based on a fracture mechanics analysis. Stress ranges on the mooring chains induced by tension ranges acting on the twisted chains are achieved by a finite element analysis. The low frequency (LF) and wave frequency (WF) tension processes induced by the motions of LF and WF are regarded as two random loading processes and the combined tension process of LF and WF is predicted by a dual narrow-band method. The mooring chains are treated as round bars and initial surface cracks are assumed to propagate at the surface of mooring chains. The influence of the chain twist on the fatigue lives of mooring chains is investigated and the results show that when the twist angle is less than 20 degree, fatigue lives of mooring chains are increased with the increase of the twist angle. However, when the twist angle approaches lock-up angle of 30 degree, fatigue lives of mooring chains are significantly decreased due to the torque effects induced by the chain twist.
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9

Gabrielsen, Øystein, Kjell Larsen y Svein-Arne Reinholdtsen. "Fatigue Testing of Used Mooring Chain". En ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61382.

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In Statoil mooring chains have been inspected since the first floaters were installed in the 1990’s, and replacement of top chain started as early as year 2000. Background for replacement has been wear, surface corrosion, end of design fatigue life and check of condition for lifetime extension evaluation. For seabed chains in site inspection has been, and still are, difficult and expensive. High quality inspection data is limited. Technology development the last years has allowed for cost efficient seabed chain replacements, and presently even seabed chains have been retrieved to investigate integrity and remaining fatigue life. Statoil started full scale fatigue testing of chains in 2011, and the results from the first tests, presented in Fredheim et al (2013), indicates that the surface condition of the chain is vital for the fatigue capacity. Fatigue test show that chain fatigue capacity varies significantly. The surface conditions of the chains are site dependent. To ensure timely replacement, it is vital to know the remaining fatigue capacity of the chains. An extensive fatigue test program was thus initiated, and is still ongoing. As testing has proceeded, different degrading mechanisms and fatigue capacity dependencies have been revealed. Further testing is still required, and more tests are scheduled for the following years. The paper sums up testing so far (Dec 2016), and presents the most important findings and results.
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10

Hasan, M. Arif, Yuli Starosvetsky y Alexander F. Vakakis. "Nonlinear Targeted Energy Transfer in Granular Chains". En ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70569.

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One of the prime focuses in the design of highly adaptive granular material is in ability to passively control the flow of energy through it by means of trapping, redirection and scattering. In this study we demonstrate that one of the possible mechanisms to achieve efficient control over the propagating shock wave in the material is the usage of weakly interacting, non-compressed granular chains. In the latest computational studies we have demonstrated that the shock waves initially localized on a finite amount of chains can be efficiently redirected to the neighboring granular chains. In this work, we present an analytical and numerical approach to the concept of targeted energy transfer (TET) in granular media. We consider two weakly coupled granular chains which have on-site potential. This on-site potential arises if the granular chains are mounted on linear elastic foundation. We propose two different mechanisms for TET in granular media: (i) decouple the coupling, and (ii) stratification of the foundation. Each mechanism provides an efficient way of localization of energy in one of the two chains. For the second mechanism, one chain with varying parameter is excited by an initial impulse but coupled with another chain with constant parameter is initially at rest and we transform the governing equation of the granular chain system into two coupled oscillators and thus made an analogy between strongly nonlinear granular chain with the quantum Landau-Zener tunneling. The revealed phenomena open up the possibility of designing granular media as shock mitigators by efficiently redirecting the incoming energy to the neighboring granular chain, i.e. it gives a passive control over the incoming energy by redirecting among the granular networks.
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Informes sobre el tema "Chavin"

1

Turner, R. J. W., R. J. Knight y J. Rick. Geological landscape of the pre-Inca archeological site at Chavin de Huantar, Peru. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210197.

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Hirvonen, Kalle, Kaleab Baye, Derek D. Headey y John F. Hoddinott. Value chains for nutritious food: Analysis of the egg value chain in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134034.

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Abdelaziz, Fatma, Kibrom A. Abay, Hoda El-Enbaby, Clemens Breisinger y Sikandra Kurdi. Impact of COVID-19 on Egypt’s dairy and artichoke value-chains: Qualitative findings from rapid value chain assessments. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134390.

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de Brauw, Alan. How can Agricultural Value Chain Finance (AVCF) help expand financial access for smallholder agrifood chains in Southeast Asia? Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134521.

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Hernandez, Ricardo, Ben Belton, Thomas Reardon, Chaoran Hu, Xiaobo Zhang y Akhter Ahmed. Value chain transformation. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293618_03.

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Wagener, Kenneth, Hector Zuluaga y Paula Delgado. Polycarbosilane Elastomers via Chain-Internal and Chain-End Latent Crosslinking. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474165.

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Dijkxhoorn, Youri, Christine Plaisier, Coen van Wagenberg, Tim Verwaart, Jos Verstegen, Ruerd Ruben y Ruben Oldenhof. Value chain laboratory : alternative evaluation method for assessing value chain dynamics. Wageningen: Wageningen Eonomic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/420482.

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Coughlin, Cletus C., Patricia S. Pollard y Jerram C. Betts. To Chain or Not to Chain Trade-Weighted Exchange Rate Indexes. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.1996.010.

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Aked, Jody. Supply Chains, the Informal Economy, and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.006.

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As a cohort of people, ‘children in work’ have become critical to the everyday functioning of diverse supply chain systems. This Working Paper considers diverse commodity chains (leather, waste, recycling and sex) to explore the business realities that generate child labour in its worst forms. A review of the literature finds that occurrence of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in supply chain systems is contingent on the organising logics and strategies adopted by actors in both the formal and informal economies. Piecing together the available evidence, the paper hypothesises that a supply chain system is sensitive to the use of WFCL when downward pressure to take on business risk cannot be matched by the economic resilience to absorb that risk. Emergencies and persistent stressors may increase risk and reduce resilience, shifting norms and behaviour. There is a need for further work to learn from business owners and workers in the informal economy.
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Marshak, Ronni. Supporting the Customer Chain. Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, abril de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/psgp04-08-10cc.

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