Literatura académica sobre el tema "Communication in design"

O Lean Communication-Centered Design (LeanCCD) é um processo de design de Interação Humano-Computador (IHC) centrado na comunicação, que consiste na realização de um workshop, detalhamento de metas de usuários, combinação de modelos de interação com esboços em papel simulados com usuários, apoiados por guias e quadros. A IHC é uma área que estuda o projeto e uso de tecnologia computacional, em especial a interação entre computadores e pessoas. Este estudo adaptou o Communication-Centered Design (CCD) e o eXtreme Communication-Centered Design (eXCeeD), outros processos de design centrados na comunicação fundamentados na Engenharia Semiótica (EngSem). A EngSem é uma teoria de IHC que define a interação como um processo comunicativo entre designers e usuários mediado por computadores. Abordagens e processos fundamentados nessa teoria buscam favorecer a reflexão através da adoção de modelos, questões e métodos que não gerem diretamente uma resposta ou solução para o problema, mas apoiem o designer na exploração do espaço e da natureza do problema, bem como das restrições sobre soluções candidatas. A avaliação do LeanCCD em um estudo de caso na indústria observou dificuldade na condução das atividades e na aplicação correta de algumas técnicas e conceitos. Porém, diferentemente do eXCeeD, percebemos o uso sistemático das questões que favoreciam a reflexão devido ao auxílio dos quadros e guias propostos.<br>Lean Communication-Centered Design (LeanCCD) is a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) design process, which consists of conducting a workshop, detailing user goals, combining interaction models with paper sketches, and testing them with users, supported by guides and templates. This study adapted the Communication-Centered Design (CCD) and the eXtreme Communication-Centered Design (eXCeeD), other communication-centered design processes grounded on Semiotic Engineering (SemEng). SemEng defines the interaction as a computer-mediated communication process between designers and users. Approaches and processes based on SemEng are not used to directly yield the answer to a problem, but to increase the problem-solver s understanding of the problem itself and the implication it brings about. Process evaluation in a case study, in the industry, proved itself difficult, both in carrying out LeanCCD activities and in the correct application of some techniques and concepts. However, unlike eXCeeD, we were able to observe a systematic use of questions that contributed to designers reflection, aided by the proposed templates and guides.

Studien undersöker hur fysisk gestaltning i pedagogiskt drama formas under ett lärotillfälle i skolmiljö. Studien använder sig av ett socialsemiotiskt synsätt och en multimodal ansats för att undersöka eleven som utövare av fysisk gestaltning. Fysisk gestaltning betraktas som ett medium och sammanhanget analyseras utifrån ett designteoretiskt perspektiv på lärande. Två grupper elever i 10 års-åldern har filmats och observerats. Resultaten visar att påverkan från regler i skolan, instruktioner och pedagogen beskriver elevernas formella design. Influenser från elevernas värderingar av fysiska egenskaper, teman från deras vardag, från styrande elever och från det sociala samspelet beskriver elevernas informella design. Design i fysisk gestaltning uppstår i kroppsliga uttryck, i tempo, i rum och i material. Formell design, informell design och mediet fysisk gestaltning samspelar i förklaringen av hur elever ordnar sin design i fysisk gestaltning och hur semiotiska resurser används och förändras i fysisk gestaltning.<br>This is an examination of how embodied communication transforms during a session of drama education set in a school environment. Social semiotics and multimodality are used in order to examine the students as users of embodied communication. Embodied communication is treated as a medium and the context is analyzed through a design theoretic perspective on learning. Two groups of 10 year old students have been video recorded and observed. The results show that the students’ formal process of designing embodied communication is influenced by existing rules in school, the teacher and the instructions. The informal process of designing embodied communication is affected by social interactions among students, student leaders, the students’ bodily values and themes from their everyday life. Embodied communication, and in part the designing of it, is described as an interaction between body expressions and the use of time, space and materials. How the students designs the embodied communication and how it transforms during the examined session is explained in combining the analytical themes ”formal design”, ”informal design” and ”embodied communication”.

Traditional human-computer interaction (HCI) is based on 'cold' models of user cognition; that is, models of users as purely rational beings based on the information processing metaphor; however, an emerging perspective suggests that for the field of HCI to mature, its practitioners must adopt models of users that consider broader human needs and capabilities. Affective design is an umbrella term for research and practice being conducted in diverse domains, all with the common thread of integrating emotional aspects of use into the creation of information products. This thesis provides a review of the current state of the art in affective design research and practice to technical communicators and others involved in traditional HCI and usability enterprises. This paper is motivated by the developing technologies and the growing complexity of interaction that demand a more robust notion of HCI that incorporates affect in an augmented and holistic representation of the user and situated use.<br>M.A.<br>Department of English<br>Arts and Sciences<br>English

Born about a century ago, Quantum Mechanics has revolutionized the description and the interpretation of Physics at sub-microscopic level. In the last decades, due to the influence of mathematical and engineering research fields, Quantum Mechanics has given birth to related research areas like Quantum Computation, Quantum Information and Quantum Communication. With the discovery of the laser, and later the development of fiber optics and satellite networks, Quantum Communication and Quantum Optics seems to have a natural field of application in Communication Systems. Despite this, the interest in this technology and studies for communication purpose has been overshadowed by the great results in communication networks achieved in the last decades with classical paradigms. However, due to the increasing demand of communication data rate, system designers are now looking at Quantum Mechanics for new and more performanting solutions in communication purposes. Early theoretical studies on Quantum Discrimination Theory and Quantum Information predict better performance for Communication Systems that take advantage of the quantum laws. In addition, Quantum Mechanics provides the deepest description of the physical phenomena, and there are scenarios where a quantum model fits best, as in in deep space communications, where the received signal is really weak, or in a satellite networks, where we are interested in strongly reducing the power of transmitted signals, possibly without sacrificing performance significantly. However, if on one side Quantum Communication Theory promises great gains in the performance of communication systems, on the other hand it fails to describe how to implement physical devices that reach these ultimate limits. So far, only a few architectures achieving these performances are known, and only for simple modulation formats. We are interested in the scenario of optical communications, where the message transmitted is encoded in a sequence of coherent states. Transmitter devices for coherent modulation are well known and consist in laser pulse generators. Instead, receiver implementations working at the quantum limit performance limit are yet to be found. In this Thesis I deal with different topics in the quantum transmission scenario. First, I review existing classical (suboptimal) and quantum (suboptimal and optimal) receiver schemes for the binary coherent modulation. I present a new formulation of the optimal scheme known as Dolinar Receiver with the multiple copies problem, focusing on the information gained during the measurement. Second, I analyze the binary communication in a noisy environment, studying the error probability and the capacity of the binary channel induced. Given the description of the quantum channel, I optimize both the transmitted quantum states and the measurement operators employed in the communication. Third, I consider the Pulse Position Modulation, that is particularly suitable for space and satellite communication due to its simplicity of implementation and high capacity. I review some known suboptimal receivers, and I propose a receiver scheme which approaches the limit performance predicted with quantum theory outperforming the existing schemes. To sum up the results of this Thesis, in order to approach the limit performance predicted by Quantum Mechanics, an optimization is always necessary to exceed the classical effects and trigger the quantum phenomena. In particular, the information gained during the measurement plays an important role, for example in the definition of adaptive receivers. In this Thesis both these aspects have been deeply investigated.<br>Formalizzata più di un secolo fa, la Meccanica Quantistica ha rivoluzionato la descrizione e l'interpretazione della Fisica a livello microscopico. Negli ultimi decenni, grazie all'influenza di studi affini nei campi della matematica e dell'ingegneria, la Meccanica Quantistica ha portato allo sviluppo di aree di ricerca quali la Computazione Quantistica, la teoria dell'Informazione Quantistica e le Comunicazioni Quantistiche. Con l'invenzione del laser, e i successivi sviluppi delle fibre ottiche e delle reti satellitari, la comunicazione quantistica e l'ottica quantistica hanno un naturale campo di applicazione nello studo nei sistemi di comunicazione. Nonostante ciò, l'interesse in questa tecnologia e gli studi quantistici sulle telecomunicazioni sono stati messi in ombra dai risultati nelle reti di comunicazione ottenuti negli ultimi decenni con paradigmi classici. Solo recentemente, a causa dell'aumento della richiesta di rate trasmissivo, i progettisti di sistemi di comunicazione guardano alla meccanica quantistica in cerca di soluzioni nuove e più efficienti. I primi studi teorici nella teoria quantistica della discriminazione e dell'informazione prevedono un notevole vantaggio nelle prestazioni se i sistemi di comunicazione sono progettati secondo le leggi della meccanica quantistica. Inoltre, la meccanica quantistica fornisce la più profonda descrizione dei fenomeni quantistici, e in alcuni scenario tale descrizione è più appropriata, come nel caso di comunicazioni dallo spazio profondo, dove il segnale ricevuto è estremamente debole, o nelle reti satellitari, dove siamo interessati a ridurre la potenza trasmessa con il segnale, senza sacrificare significativamente le prestazioni. Se da un lato le comunicazioni quantistiche promettono grandi guadagni in termini di performance, dall'altro lato non spiegano esplicitamente come costruire dispositivi che raggiungono questi limiti. Finora, solo pochi schemi di comunicazione che raggiungono questo limite sono conosciuti, e solo per formati di modulazione semplici. Lo scenario di nostro interesse è quello delle trasmissioni ottiche, dove un messaggio trasmesso viene codificato in una sequenza di stati coerenti. Dispositivi di trasmissione per la modulazione coerente sono noti (generatori laser), mentre ricevitori che lavorano nel regime quantistico sono ancora da sviluppare. In questo lavoro di Tesi sviluppo diversi temi nello scenario delle comunicazioni quantistiche. Inizialmente, riassumo gli schemi di ricezione classici (subottimi) e quantistici (ottimi e subottimi) per la modulazione binaria coerente. Successivamente presento una riformulazione dello schema ottimo noto come il ricevitore di Dolinar come un problema di copie multiple, focalizzandomi sull'informazione guadagnata durante l'operazione di misura. Successivamente, analizzo la comunicazione binaria in un ambiente rumoroso, studiando la probabilità di errore e la capacità del canale binario che si possono ottenere. Data una descrizione quantistica del canale, ottimizzo rispetto sia gli stati trasmessi che gli operatori di misura impiegati nella comunicazione. In seguito considero una modulazione più complessa, la Pulse Position Modulation, particolarmente adatta per le comunicazioni dallo spazio e satellitari, grazie alla semplicità di implementazione e all'alta capacità. In primo luogo rivedo alcuni ricevitori subottimi, e successivamente propongo uno schema di ricezione che approccia le prestazioni limite predette con la teoria quantistica, superando gli schemi esistenti in letteratura. Riassumendo i risultati della Tesi, per approcciare le prestazioni ottime predette dalla meccanica quantistica un procedimento di ottimizzazione è sempre necessario per superare gli effetti classici e innescare i fenomeni quantistici. In particolare, l'informazione guadagnata durante il procedimento di misura gioca un ruolo fondamentale, ad esempio nella definizione di ricevitori adattativi. In questo lavoro di Tesi entrambi questi aspetti sono stati investigati a fondo.

As one of the earliest attempts to apply immersive technology in environmental communication, this design research project tries to answer the following research question: how do we communicate the connections between food-related behaviors and environmental impacts through immersive storytelling? During the project, an immersive story called "Trik’s' Party" for dome shows and a journey map of an immersive visitor experience are created. These design outcomes and this paper are built on the knowledge of scientific findings, communication methods, content creations, and service design. To support the creation process, new sketching, storyboarding and prototyping methods were developed for dome content creations. The core message of this paper is that effective environmental communication is not just about informing the public about facts and data from scientific studies. It is also about giving individuals and communities the knowledge, tools and spaces to develop a vision of their own future. Immersive storytelling is one of the methods for creating these spaces. It has a large potential to raise public empathy with other people and their future-self when the long-term and abstract impacts of the environmental problems become more visible and comprehensible in an imaginary space.

With a wide range of potential applications, the machine type communication (MTC) is gaining a tremendous interest among mobile network operators, system designers, MTC specialist companies, and research institutes. The idea of having electronic devices and systems automatically connected to each other without human intervention is one of the most significant objectives for future wireless communications. Low data rate transmission and the requirement for low energy consumption are two typical characteristics for MTC applications. In terms of supporting low cots MTC devices, industrial standards will be more efficient if designers can re-use many features of existing radio access technologies. This will yield a cost effective solution to support MTC in future communication systems. This thesis investigates efficient MTC waveform and receiver designs for superior signal transmission quality with low operational costs. In terms of the downlink receiver design, this thesis proposes a novel virtual carrier (VC) receiver system for MTC receivers, which aims to reduce the maximum bandwidth to improve the data processing efficiency and cost-efficiency by using analogue filters to extract only sub-carriers of interest. For the VC receiver systems, we thus reduce the sampling rate in order to reduce the number of subsequent processing operations, which significantly reduces the analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) cost and power consumption while providing high signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) and low bit to error rate (BER) to support low data rate MTC devices. Our theoretical equations account for the interference effect of aliasing on the sub-carrier location, and this helps the system designer to evaluate what kind of filters and receiver sampling rate can be used to balance the energy cost and detection performance. In terms of the uplink waveform design, considering the enhanced number of MTC devices in the future communication systems, i.e. the fifth generation (5G) communications, the same tight synchronisation as used in today appears not to be cost-effective or even possible. Synchronisation signals, which aim to provide a perfect time or frequency synchronisation in the current fourth generation (4G) communication systems (known as the long-term evolution, LTE), is much more costly for low data rate MTC transmissions. The system bandwidth will be significantly reduced if a base station tries to synchronise all received signals among hundreds or thousands MTC devices in one transmission time period. In terms of relaxing the synchronisation requirements, this thesis compares and analyses the side-lobe reduction performance for several candidate multi-carrier waveforms to avoid these problems. We also propose the infinite impulse response universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) system and the overlap and add UFMC system, which significantly reduce the processing complexity compared with the state of the art UFMC techniques. This thesis derives closed-form expressions for the interference caused by time offsets between adjacent unsynchronised MTC users. Our analytical equations can be used in both simple and complex time-offset transmission scenarios, and enable the system designer to evaluate the SINR, the theoretical Shannon capacity and the BER performance.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 275 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Co-advisors: Vesta A.H. Daniel and Noel Mayer, Dept. of Art Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-275).