Literatura académica sobre el tema "Compensatory processes"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Compensatory processes"
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KHRABAN, Tetyana y Igor KHRABAN. "Communicative-compensatory Processes on Social Network". Social Communications: Theory and Practice 11, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51423/2524-0471-2020-11-2-5.
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The aimof the article is to identify the specifics of communicative-compensatory processes on social network. Materials & methods. In order to achievethat objective, the general scientific research methods: analysis, classification, observation, description were used. In addition, as part of an integrated sociolinguistic approach, discourse analysis and a quantitative research method were used. Publications posted in the Ukrainian sector of an American online social media and social networking service Facebook served as an input for the research. Results & discussions. The study identified three modes of communicative-compensatory processes, which are arranged in descending order according to their proportions: 1)communicative-compensatory process characterized by a correlation with the defense mechanism “overcompensation”. During this process personal growth and radical transformations of the whole personality occur on the basis of the dialogical mutual affirmation of “I” and “You”. At the linguistic level, such mode is manifested owing to the use of a preferable image (real or illusory) to affirm one’s strength, significance, value, that is, for self-assertion and rising in status; 2)process characterized by a correlation with the defense mechanism “direct compensation” and which shows itself as adaptive in nature and does not contribute to the personal growth. At the linguistic level such mode is manifested in the individual concentrating on his own interests, feelings and needs and orientation on consumption; 3)process characterized by a correlation with the defense mechanism “illusive overcompensation” and which nature is emotional vampirism. At the linguistic level such mode is manifested in the watching out for another person’s imaginary or real flaws with the purpose of emphasizing and exaggerating. Conclusion. A specific feature of communicative-compensatory processes in social networks is that they mainly act as representations of the compensatory functionof autocommunication. The dominant form of compensatory autocommunication in social networks is an internal monologue. The verbal implementation of communicative-compensatory processes in social networks are: 1)posts in which the protest gains the power of critical confrontation and is a synonym for the right to individual free development; 2)posts aimed at humiliation and criticism; 3)posts containing advice, support, comfort to the troubled “I”.
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Block, Hannah J. y Amy J. Bastian. "Sensory weighting and realignment: independent compensatory processes". Journal of Neurophysiology 106, n.º 1 (julio de 2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00641.2010.
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When estimating the position of one hand for the purpose of reaching to it with the other, humans have visual and proprioceptive estimates of the target hand's position. These are thought to be weighted and combined to form an integrated estimate in such a way that variance is minimized. If visual and proprioceptive estimates are in disagreement, it may be advantageous for the nervous system to bring them back into register by spatially realigning one or both. It is possible that realignment is determined by weights, in which case the lower-weighted modality should always realign more than the higher-weighted modality. An alternative possibility is that realignment and weighting processes are controlled independently, and either can be used to compensate for a sensory misalignment. Here, we imposed a misalignment between visual and proprioceptive estimates of target hand position in a reaching task designed to allow simultaneous, independent measurement of weights and realignment. In experiment 1, we used endpoint visual feedback to create a situation where task success could theoretically be achieved with either a weighting or realignment strategy, but vision had to be regarded as the correctly aligned modality to achieve success. In experiment 2, no endpoint visual feedback was given. We found that realignment operates independently of weights in the former case but not in the latter case, suggesting that while weighting and realignment may operate in conjunction in some circumstances, they are biologically independent processes that give humans behavioral flexibility in compensating for sensory perturbations.
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Zenke, Friedemann y Wulfram Gerstner. "Hebbian plasticity requires compensatory processes on multiple timescales". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, n.º 1715 (5 de marzo de 2017): 20160259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0259.
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We review a body of theoretical and experimental research on Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, starting from a puzzling observation: while homeostasis of synapses found in experiments is a slow compensatory process, most mathematical models of synaptic plasticity use rapid compensatory processes (RCPs). Even worse, with the slow homeostatic plasticity reported in experiments, simulations of existing plasticity models cannot maintain network stability unless further control mechanisms are implemented. To solve this paradox, we suggest that in addition to slow forms of homeostatic plasticity there are RCPs which stabilize synaptic plasticity on short timescales. These rapid processes may include heterosynaptic depression triggered by episodes of high postsynaptic firing rate. While slower forms of homeostatic plasticity are not sufficient to stabilize Hebbian plasticity, they are important for fine-tuning neural circuits. Taken together we suggest that learning and memory rely on an intricate interplay of diverse plasticity mechanisms on different timescales which jointly ensure stability and plasticity of neural circuits. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity’.
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Andrews, E. C. y S. J. Westerman. "Age differences in simulated driving performance: Compensatory processes". Accident Analysis & Prevention 45 (marzo de 2012): 660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.047.
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Robertson, Ian H. "Persisting unilateral neglect: Compensatory processes within multiply-interacting circuits". Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 4, n.º 2 (junio de 1994): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602019408402282.
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Sack, A. T. "The Dynamics of Interhemispheric Compensatory Processes in Mental Imagery". Science 308, n.º 5722 (29 de abril de 2005): 702–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1107784.
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Connell, Sean D. y Giulia Ghedini. "Resisting regime-shifts: the stabilising effect of compensatory processes". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2015): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.06.014.
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Panzeri, Marta, Carlo Semenza y Brian Butterworth. "Compensatory processes in the evolution of severe jargon aphasia". Neuropsychologia 25, n.º 6 (enero de 1987): 919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(87)90096-0.
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Simoes, Marcelo Godoy. "Compensatory Multicriteria Aggregation Algorithm". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 3, n.º 4 (20 de agosto de 1999): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1999.p0289.
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Performance aggregation in decision processes is easy to implement, amplified by clarity with varying degrees of compensation that are a measure of the decision-maker’s willingness to consider all goals and constraints globally. We extend this concept, suggesting that the notion of compensation should be applied to another step of the decision process. We presented a mathematical function for this -- the DI-operator - that complies with the notion of degrees of compensation. A query interface is used with a personal computer and the algorithm is applied in purchase decisions of mechanical materials, partner selection, and urban vehicle delivery scheduling.
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Rohalʹ, V. V. y V. S. Kapshtyk. "Compensation of reactive power in repeated short-term operating modes". Electronics and Communications 16, n.º 3 (28 de marzo de 2011): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2011.16.3.266223.
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The article deals with the administration of capacitor plants for reactive power compensation in industrial power supply networks of re-work the regimen of induction motors. To identify problems encountered in using the capacitor re-installation of the regimen of work carried out simulation in MatLab processes that occur in compensatory using different types of commutating devices. Investigation of switching transient condenser batteries allowed to develop recommendations to control semiconductor switches compensators to eliminate time lags between repeated switching
Tesis sobre el tema "Compensatory processes"
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Dahl, Emma. "Physiological and Environmental Processes Influencing Growth Strategies in Amphibian Larvae". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-145024.
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Cost and benefits of high individual growth rates are likely to vary across different environments leading to geographic differentiation in growth strategies. In ectotherms, habitats constrained by short growing seasons favour rapid growth and development leading to adaptive latitudinal clines in these traits. Geographic variation in growth strategies should be influenced by physiological variation as well as environmental factors, however many of these mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In my thesis, I studied hormonal correlates of growth strategies, and compensatory responses to phenological variation and environmental stress in anuran tadpoles. I tested the hypotheses that fast growing high latitude common frog Rana temporaria tadpoles have higher growth hormone (GH) expression, and low stress hormone (CORT) elevation in response to predator stress. I found no relationship between GH expression and latitude, but CORT response decreased with latitude after 24 hours of predator exposure. Lower CORT response at high latitude can be adaptive as it may enable the tadpoles to maintain high growth in time constrained habitats. I also found that breeding phenology affected latitudinal variation in growth, development and anti-predator strategies. Northern R. temporaria tadpoles were phenotypically more similar to southern tadpoles when breeding occurred early, suggesting that part of the latitudinal variation is plastic and affected by yearly variation in phenology. When time stress was manipulated by delaying hatching, tadpoles were able to compensate by increasing their development and growth during the larval stage, decreasing the cost of the delayed development. In the final study, I found that northern tadpoles showed stronger compensatory growth during the larval stage than southern tadpoles after being delayed by low food, however, temperature manipulation did not induce differences in the compensatory responses. In general, my results highlight the roles of both environmental and genetic variation in determining individual growth strategies.Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 735
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Sydorchuk, L. I., I. Y. Sydorchuk, A. O. Mikheev y V. V. Bendas. "Microbiota of the colon cavity and adaptive-compensatory processes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis". Thesis, БДМУ, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17004.
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Lussier, Isabelle D. "Risk, compensatory, protective, and vulnerability processes influencing youth gambling problems and other high-risk behaviours". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86627.
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This study explores the impact of individual attributes and environmental risk on youth gambling, substance, and deviant behaviour problems. With a cross-sectional design, regression analyses indicated that among a sample of mostly first-generation immigrant adolescents from low-income homes, social bonding was associated with a decrease in severity for all three problem behaviours, while peer and neighbourhood risk were associated with an increase in severity for all three behaviours. As well, personal competence was associated with a decrease in deviant behaviour only, while family risk was associated with an increase in both substance problem and deviant behaviour severity. Interestingly, social competence was associated with an increase in substance problems and deviant behaviour. In terms of protective processes, a putative moderating effect was found for composite individual attributes on the relationship between composite environmental risk and deviant behaviour. Findings are discussed with respect to the roles of compensatory, risk, and protective processes.Cette thèse examine l'impact des attributs individuels et des facteurs de risque environnementaux sur les problèmes de jeux de hasard et d'argent, de consommation et de délinquance chez les jeunes. Dans le cadre de cette étude transversale, des analyses de régression, effectuées sur un échantillon composé en majorité d'adolescents immigrants de première génération et provenant de milieux défavorisés, ont démontré que les liens sociaux étaient associés à une diminution de la sévérité des problèmes; alors que les facteurs de risque reliés aux pairs et à la communauté étaient associés à une augmentation de la sévérité des problèmes. De plus, les aptitudes personnelles étaient associées à une diminution de la délinquance seulement, alors que les facteurs de risque familiaux étaient associés à une augmentation des problèmes de consommation et de délinquance. Il fut intéressant d'observer que les aptitudes sociales étaient associées à une augmentation des problèmes de consommation et de délinquance. En ce qui concerne les facteurs de protection, il a été démontré que les attributs individuels ont un effet de modération putatif sur la relation entre les facteurs de risque environnementaux et la délinquance. Les résultats sont interprétés en termes du rôle des facteurs compensatoires, de risque et de protection.
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Krenz, Robert John III. "Organic Matter Processes of Constructed Streams and Associated Riparian Areas in the Coalfields of Southwest Virginia". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73430.
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Central Appalachian headwater streams in coalfield areas are prone to mining disturbances, and compensatory mitigation is required in cases of documented impacts. Stream construction on reclaimed mines is a common mitigation strategy. Streams constructed as compensatory mitigation are meant to restore structural and functional attributes of headwater streams and are often evaluated by measuring structural ecosystem characteristics. However, replacement of stream ecosystem functions is essential for mitigation of mining disturbances from an ecosystem perspective. This research compared selected structural and functional measures in eight constructed streams on mined areas to those of four forested reference streams across two years. Three organic matter functions were evaluated: riparian litterfall input, leaf breakdown, and periphyton accrual. Constructed streams were typically warmer than reference streams and also had elevated specific conductance, elevated oxidized nitrogen concentrations, depressed benthic macroinvertebrate richness, and lower levels of canopy cover. Functionally, litterfall input and total leaf breakdown means for constructed streams were approximately 25% and 60% of reference means, respectively. Leaf breakdown in constructed streams appeared to be inhibited as a result of reduced processing by benthic macroinvertebrates as well as inhibition of microbial and physicochemical pathways. Constructed streams with total breakdown rates most similar to reference-stream levels had the coldest stream temperatures. Areal periphyton biomass, benthic algal standing crop, and senescent autotrophic organic matter in constructed streams were roughly quadruple, double, and quintuple those of reference streams, respectively. Indicator ratios also suggested stream-type differences in periphyton structure. Mean algal accrual was greater in constructed streams than in reference streams during leaf-on seasons. My results suggest that light is likely the primary factor driving accrual rate differences during summer and fall, but that temperature may also be important during fall. Planting a diverse assemblage of native riparian trees and ensuring their successful development can inhibit benthic irradiance and thermal energy inputs while providing similar quantity and quality of OM to constructed streams, thereby fostering replacement of reference-like OM functions in some streams.Ph. D.
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BERLINGERI, MANUELA. "Brain dynamics associated with graceful and pathological aging: new morphometric and fMRI evidence". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7816.
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In the last decade, graceful aging has often been associated with frontal hyperactivations in working- and episodic long-term memory tasks, a compensatory process, according to some, that allows the best normal olders to perform these tasks at a juvenile level, in spite of the natural cortical impoverishment.
It remains to be established, however, whether the frontal hyperactivation is the only possible neurofunctional manifestation of compensatory processes in halthy aging.
In this thesis I present a systematic investigation of this issue and related issues on pathological aging seen in MCI.
I first re-assessed the results of 23 recent neuroimaging papers on normal aging using a quantitative meta-analytic approach that allowed us to distinguish between task-dependent and task-independent age-related hyperactivations in healthy olders (Chapter 2). In particular, task-independent hyperactivations emerged in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in line with the results commonly described in international litterature, while task-dependent hyperactivations emerged in brain regions beyond the prefrontal areas.
Further, we investigated more directly the existence of task-specific neurofunctional manifestations of compensatory processes in a new fMRI / VBM study (Chapter 3). In this study, 24 young and 24 healthy elderly participants were compared. Graceful aging was explored by investigating domains where most healthy olders perform like youngers (e.g. lexical-semantic knowledge) and tasks that are typically more challenging, like episodic long-term recognition memory tasks. With voxel-based morphometry we also studied to what extent changes of fMRI activation were consistent with the pattern of brain atrophy. We found that hyperactivations in the group of healthy olders were not restricted to the frontal lobes, rather they presented with task-dependent patterns. Moreover, only hypoactivations did systematically overlap with regional atrophy. On the basis of these results we suggest that compensatory processes associated with graceful aging are not necessarily a sign of early saturation of executive resources, if this saturation was to be represented by a systematic frontal hyperactivation.
The role of the PFC over-recruitment and age-related neurofunctional changes in healthy olders was further investigated in Chapter 4. In particular in this study we reviewed the neurofunctional data collected in the third Chapter in the light of the HAROLD model (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Olders). Again, the data clearly suggested that the manifestation of age-related neurofunctional changes of functional lateralization in healthy olders is not exclusively restricted to the frontal areas, rather these are distributed across the entire brain volume in a task-related manner.
Finally, in order to better address neurofunctional and neuroanatomical changes in pathological aging and to create a link with theoretical frameworks that describe graceful aging, we compared behavioural, neurofunctional and neuroanatomical data of 24 healthy olders and 9 aMCI patients, challenged with the same lexical-semantic and episodic long-term memory tasks used in Chapter 3. The between groups differences were analysed in the light of our previous findings on the neural pattern of compensatory processes in healthy aging (described in Chapter 3). A systematic pattern emerged: aMCI patients showed over-activations in parts of the task-specific neural networks that are dysfunctional in highly-performing healthy olders, while they under-recruited the task-specific compensatory neural networks typically over-activated by healthy older controls. Moreover, the over-recruitments of areas which became of no use in healthy aging showed a negative correlation with the gray matter density in the medial temporal lobe structures. These results are discussed in terms of lack of neural plasticity in pathological aging.
I conclude my dissertation with chapter 6 where I propose a neurocognitive account of healthy and pathological aging in terms of compensatory processes and neural plasticity.
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Plante, Mathieu. "Point processes: Distributions, partial orders and compensators". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9057.
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Jacod ([23]) established that the compensator of a simple point process on R+, when taken with respect to the point process' internal history, exists as an essentially unique predictable increasing process which determines the point process' distribution. In the present thesis, we endeavour to infer other distributional properties of a point process from its compensator. Specifically, regarding point processes on R +, we show that the compensator, under appropriate assumptions, (i) determines a sequence of "locally Cox" point processes of discrete support which approximate the original point process' distribution, (ii) determines the stochastic order of two point process distributions with respect to three known partial orders on a certain space of point process realizations, and (iii) determines the association of a point process under any one of the same three partial orders. For the purposes of points (ii) and (iii), we develop a tool called a "representation map", which enables one to infer important distributional properties of random elements of a partially ordered Polish space by "representing" these elements as random sequences of R&d1;infinity+ . Regarding point processes on the quadrant R2+:=&sqbl0;0, infinity&parr0;x&sqbl0;0,infinity&parr0; , we define the compensator as a family of compensators on R+ induced by the planar point process, and show that, under the assumption of strict simplicity and mild regularity conditions, this family exists, is essentially unique, and characterizes the planar point process' distribution---thus generalizing Jacod's result. As a subsidiary result, we develop a regenerative form for the compensator of the non-simple, marked point process on R +, generalizing Jacod's formula ([23]: Proposition 3.1) for the compensator of the simple, marked point process.
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Dong, Xin. "Compensators and diffusion approximation of point processes and applications". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25130.
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In this thesis, we study two classes of point processes by analysing key properties and discussing applications in finance and insurance. The first point process studied was the default indicator process in credit risk modelling. We considered a pure jump Lévy process of finite variation for the asset value and an unobservable random barrier. The default time was defined as the first time the asset value falls below the barrier. Using the indistinguishable intensity process and the instantaneous likelihood process, we proved the absolute continuity of the compensator for the default indicator process, or equivalently, the existence of the intensity process of the default time. Moreover, we found the explicit representation of the intensity in terms of the distance between the asset value and its running minimal value, thus the intensity is an endogenous process, which sheds new light on the relationship between the intensity model and the structural model. The second class of point processes is the Dynamic Contagion Process, which has intensities modelled with a shot-noise component describing the external impact and mutually-exciting jump components that describe the internal contagion effect. In the bivariate case, we found the stationarity condition with which we explored the diffusion approximation of the high frequency point process system and applied it in filtering. In the univariate case, we constructed a pure jump process derived from a dynamic contagion process and showed the weak convergence to a Cox-Ingersoll- Ross model (CIR) process. The pathwise approximation provides an alternative method of simulating the square-root processes and can be further extended to the approximation of the Heston model in option pricing.
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Khaindrava, Vitaly. "Neurodégénérescence et processus compensatoires dans le cerveau des rongeurs après lésion du système dopaminergique nigro-striée et effets de la stimulation à haute fréquence du noyau sous-thalamique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22013.
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Les processus compensatoires qui accompagnent les atteintes du système dopaminergique (DA-ergic) nigrostrié illustrent les capacités adaptatives du cerveau adulte. Cette neuroplasticité permet le maintien de la transmission dopaminergique pendant un certain temps de sorte que les symptômes moteurs cardinaux de la Maladie de Parkinson (MP), qui se caractérise par une dégénérescence progressive des neurones DA-ergiques de la substantia nigra (SN), ne se manifestent qu'après une perte neuronale très importante. De ce fait, le diagnostic présymptomatique est une question cruciale pour le développement de traitements neuroprotecteurs. Un autre exemple de neuroplasticité est illustré par la production de nouveaux neurones dans le cerveau adulte (neurogenèse adulte). Cette neurogenèse s’observe principalement dans deux zones: le continuum zone sous-ventriculaire (SVZ)-bulbe olfactif (OB) et le gyrus denté (DG) de l'hippocampe, et se trouve altérée chez les patients parkinsoniens. Ces dernières années, le traitement chirurgical par la stimulation à haute fréquence (SHF) du noyau sous-thalamique (NST) s'est avéré être une option thérapeutique très efficace pour ces patients. Dans ce contexte, mon travail de thèse a été axé sur l’étude de la neuroplasticité dans différents modèles de la maladie de Parkinson et de son traitement avec les objectifs principaux: 1) Développer un modèle de MP présymptomatique; 2) étudier les mécanismes compensatoires impliquant le système nigrostrié; 3) Déterminer les effets de la SHF-NST sur la neurogenèse adulte dans la SVZ-OB et le DG.Dans la première étude, nous avons développé des modèles expérimentaux de la MP à différents stades, basés sur l’administration de MPTP chez la souris. Nous avons montré que le passage du stade avancé présymptomatique au stade symptomatique précoce correspondant au seuil d’atteinte des systèmes DA-ergiques associé à l’apparition des déficits moteurs, se caractérise par : (a) une diminution de DA dans les terminaisons striatales épargnées par la lésion; (b) une augmentation de DA et d’expression de la tyrosine hydroxylase dans les cellules de la SN; (c) une augmentation du renouvellement de la DA dans le striatum et une augmentation moindre dans la SN.La deuxième étude est basée sur un modèle de lésion DA-ergique extensive par injection intranigrale de 6-hydroxydopamine chez le rat, imitant les stades tardifs de la MP. Nous avons étudié séparément les étapes de prolifération et de survie des nouvelles cellules sur des animaux non lésés et des animaux lésés avec ou sans SHF subchronique (8 jours) du NST. Nous avons pu montrer une régulation spécifique des étapes de prolifération et de survie suite à la lésion dopaminergique, et des effets stimulateurs de la SHF du NST sur la survie des cellules néoformées, suggérant un effet neuroprotecteur de ce traitementThe compensatory processes that accompany a lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA-ergic) system serve to maintain its function and illustrate adult brain neuroplasticity. The typical motor symptoms of Parkinson’s diseases (PD), characterized by progressive degeneration of DA-ergic neurons of substantia nigra (SN), appear only after substantial neuronal loss. Therefore presymptomatic diagnosis is a crucial issue for future neuroprotective therapies. Another good manifestation of neuroplasticity is adult neurogenesis, known to persist in two areas: the subventricular zone (SVZ) – the olfactory bulb (OB) continuum, and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, and to be altered in PD. In recent years, the surgical treatment by high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has proven to be an efficient therapeutic option for PD patients. In this context, my PhD work was focused on neuroplasticity under the functional deficiency of the nigrostriatal DA-ergic system (parkinsonism) and its treatment with the following main objectives: 1 - Develop a model of presymptomatic parkinsonism; 2 - study compensatory mechanisms in nigrostriatal system; 3 - Characterize the effects of subchronic STN HFS on adult neurogenesis. In the first part, we have developed models of presymptomatic parkinsonism based on MPTP administration in mice, as defined by sub-threshold DA depletion and degeneration of DA-ergic axons in the striatum followed by a loss of DA-ergic cell bodies in the SN (advanced presymptomatic stage). In the early symptomatic stage, these parameters reach a threshold that is associated with the appearance of motor deficiency. We have shown that the transition from the advanced presymptomatic stage to the early symptomatic stage is characterized by: (a) a decrease of DA content in surviving DA-ergic axons in the striatum; (b) an increase of DA content and TH-expression in surviving neuronal cell bodies in the SN; (c) an increase of DA turnover in the striatum and much less increase in the SN. The last part of my work is based on extensive DA lesion in rats, using intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine injection mimicking late PD stages, to determine a possible effect of STN-HFS on adult neurogenesis. We have completed series of animals with DA lesion either sham implanted or subsequently treated for 8 days by STN-HFS to be compared with unlesioned rats, and studied selective phases of neurogenesis: proliferation and survival. This study demonstrates selective regulation of cell proliferation and survival following DA depletion and provides the first evidence that prolonged STN-HFS might have a neuroprotective action as shown by the selective increase in survival of newly formed cells following this treatment
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Delaplace, Christelle. "Les effets de l'interférence perceptive sur la mémoire : résistance et nature des processus impliqués". Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0013.
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L'effet d'interférence perceptive consiste en ce que des mots présentés masqués à l'encodage soient mieux récupérés en test de reconnaissance que des mots présentés normalement. Nos résultats montrent un maintien dans le temps (24 h) de cet effet chez des sujets jeunes. Par contre, les personnes âgées ne bénéficient pas de cette manipulation d'encodage et ont même tendance dans certains cas, à en pâtir. Par ailleurs, Mulligan (1996) émet l'hypothèse d'un traitement compensatoire lors de l'encodage, qui s'appuierait sur une utilisation accrue d'informations perceptives de haut niveau pouvant être phonologiques ou sémantiques. Mais nos expériences n'ont pas validé cette supposition. Nos résultats révèlent enfin que chez les jeunes, l'effet bénéfique d'interférence ne semble pas être spécifiquement attribuable à la familiarité ou à la récupération consciente. Chez les âgés, l'effet négatif de l'interférence est dû à une diminution des réponses basées sur une récupération conscienteThe perceptual-interference effect occurs when interference with word perception (backward masking) enhances later memory for the word. Our results show preservation with time of this effect (24 h) in young adults. In contrast, older adults do not benefit from this manipulation of encoding and even tend to suffer from it in certain cases. Then, Mulligan (1996) emits a compensatory processing hypothesis during encoding which would rely on a greater use of higher-level perceptual information which could be phonological or semantic. However, our experiments do not validate this supposition. Our results reveal that in younger adults, the beneficial effect of interference is not specifically attributable to familiarity or recollection. In older adults, the negative effect of interference is due to a decrease of responses based on recollection
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Diederichsen, Francisco Toledo Barros. "Formação profissional dos trabalhadores da construção civil: o canteiro de obras e a emancipação social". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102131/tde-17042018-151143/.
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A presente tese de doutorado aborda a formação profissional dos trabalhadores da construção civil com objetivo de contribuir com experiências pedagógicas alternativas à sua atual condição heterônoma e oprimida de trabalho, por meio de ensaios experimentais, no formato de \'canteiro escola autogestionário\'. Essas práticas levantaram questões e revelaram lacunas de conhecimento da história das modalidades alternativas unitárias e integrais de educação. Pesquisamos exemplos de escolas e espaços de ampliação da autonomia dos construtores como contribuição para sua emancipação social e política. Nos perguntamos como chegamos a atual separação das profissões, divididas entre teóricas - arquitetos - e práticas - operários. Em busca de sua genealogia, abordamos as primeiras sociedades de classe, na antiguidade, e os primeiros espaços formativos duais, que separam a formação das elites para direção da sociedade - educação liberal e teórica, das classes subalternas - educação prática para o trabalho. A formação de arquitetos e construtores se deu de modo particular nas sociedades de classe: há momentos de formação dual onde arquitetos apreendem seu ofício distante das práticas construtivas, sem uso de sua força de trabalho, a formar \"arquitetos sem construção\", e os construtores apreendem seu trabalho nas oficinas, sem controlar a produção da arquitetura, numa relação dialética, dominados por arquitetos. Noutras sociedades, a formação de arquitetos se dá pela experiência prática físico-corporal na produção material da arquitetura, quando desenvolvem o ofício do desenho, e da representação. É ali, no canteiro de obras que formam-se \"arquitetos com construção\", de origem popular, compondo coletivos autônomos que idealizam e constroem. Na invasão das Américas os europeus treinaram os povos escravizados a construir com estéticas européias. Ergueram edifícios com trabalho heterônomo, oprimido e explorado - salvo exceções como nas Missões Jesuíticas. Com o avanço das forças produtivas no século XIX, criaram Liceus assistenciais, para \"qualificar\" construtores com apoio de trabalhadores italianos. Nesse período - 1870 a 1914, São Paulo - as elites não perceberam que a qualificação artística ampla e autônoma dos construtores resultaria em mobilizações por direitos trabalhistas. Quando se deram conta, recusaram os italianos anarquistas e os capomastri coletivistas construtores do ecletismo paulistano, e apoiaram tecnologia que exclui o trabalhador da criação: o concreto armado. É período de desqualificação e treinamento do trabalhador. Para formar os nacionais, criam a educação empresarial: \"Sistema S\" e em 1964 dão o golpe civil militar, que perdura até 1988. Com a redemocratização ampliam-se experiências formativas autogestionárias, e políticas publicas socializantes até 2016 - golpe midiático parlamentar. Foram 28 anos que permitiram experiências de \"educação de trabalhadores por trabalhadores\", como ensaiado nos \'canteiro escola\' com movimento popular, o MST, e universidade, a USP. Edificamos a \'casa das artes\', na ENFF - Guararema, com técnicas agroecológicas de construção e uma \'viela publica\' no Parque dos Químicos - São Bernardo do Campo, com técnicas compensatórias de drenagem urbana. Os ensaios praticaram as idiossincrasias da formação libertária dos trabalhadores da construção percebidas no levantamento do processo histórico. Essa vivência nos permitiu identificar que os \'canteiro escola\' contemporâneos se inserem nas tradicionais linhas de ação popular pela emancipação da classe.The present doctoral thesis deals with the professional education of construction workers with the objective of contributing to pedagogical experiences that are alternative to their current heteronomous and oppressed work conditions, through experimental tests in the form of \'construction site - self - managed school\'. These practices raised questions and revealed gaps in knowledge of the history of alternative and unitary modes of education. We have explored examples of schools and spaces for the expansion of the autonomy of the constructors as a contribution to their social and political emancipation. We wonder how we came to the current separation of professions, divided between theoretical - architects - and practices - workers. In search of their genealogy, we approach the first class based societies in antiquity and the first dual formative spaces, separating education of the elites for the direction of society - liberal and theoretical education, and the subaltern classes - practical education for work. The education of architects and builders takes place particularly in class based societies: there are societies where the formation is dual where architects learn their craft away from constructive practices, without using their work force, to create \"architects without construction\", and The builders apprehend their work in the workshops, without controlling the production of architecture, in a dialectical relationship dominated by architects. In other societies, the formation of architects is due to the physical-corporal practical experience in the material production of architecture, when they develop the office of drawing, and in representation, it is at the construction site that they form \"architects with construction\", of popular origin. They are autonomous professionals who idealize and build. In the invasion of the Americas by Europeans the elites trained enslaved people to build with European aesthetics. They erected buildings with heteronomous work, oppressed and exploited. With the advance of productive forces in the nineteenth century, they created assistencial Liceus, to \"qualify\" builders with the support of Italian workers. In this period - 1870 to 1914, São Paulo - we verified that they did not realize that the broad and autonomous artistic qualification of the builders would result in mobilizations for labor rights. When they realized it, they refused the Italian anarchists and the capomastri collectivists builders of the São Paulo eclecticism, sponsoring technology that excludes the worker from creation: the reinforced concrete. There is a period of disqualification and training of the worker. \"National System\" is created, and in 1964 the civilian military coup has place, and lasts until 1988. With redemocratization, self-managed formative experiences and socializing public policies are extended to 2016 - year of media-partisan coup of the elites. These 28 years have generated experiences of \"education of workers by workers\", as rehearsed in the \"construction site school\" with popular movement, the MST, and university, USP. We built the \'house of arts\' at the ENFF - Guararema, with agro-ecological construction techniques and a \'public gallery\' at the Chemical Park - São Bernardo do Campo, with compensatory urban drainage techniques. The essays practiced the idiosyncrasies of the libertarian education of construction workers perceived in the survey of the historical process. This experience allowed us to identify the contemporaries \'construction site schools\' fall within the traditional lines of people`s action for the emancipation of the class.
Libros sobre el tema "Compensatory processes"
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Chandra, Saurabh, ed. SOCRATES (Vol 2, No 2 (2014): ISSUE - JUNE). 2a ed. India: SOCRATES : SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 2014.
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Jasien, Joan M., Bruce K. Shapiro y Alexander H. Hoon. Cerebral Palsy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0071.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of disorders of movement/posture causing activity limitation that are attributed to nonprogressive disturbances in the immature brain that can change over time. The immature human brain undergoes organizational changes during intrauterine and postnatal life creating potential temporal periods of selective vulnerability to damage. Understanding the compensatory plasticity process after the brain injury may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of CP.
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Ferraro, Kenneth F. Multifaceted Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190665340.003.0004.
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Aging involves multiple related systems; change in one system influences other systems. Nathan Shock referred to aging as a dynamic equilibrium and argued that studying the interrelationships of multiple systems is essential for gerontology. A growing number of researchers study relations across systems, but many focus on syndromes of declining health or function, without much regard for alternative scenarios such as nonlinear change and compensatory mechanisms. The axiom of multifaceted change contends that viewing aging as a syndrome of decline oversimplifies the changes involved. Instead, gerontology needs a biopsychosocial model to study aging as a multidirectional change process across multiple systems. Research on how social factors influence telomere length is used to illustrate this axiom.
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Fousekis, Natalie M. “We Do Not Consider Ourselves Welfare Cases”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036255.003.0006.
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This chapter explores what happened to child care coalition when the federal government provided new child care funds. Child care did not have the same meaning for federal officials and for the early childhood educators and mothers. The federal government's goal was to provide compensatory education to poor children through programs such as Head Start and to reduce welfare rolls with the Public Welfare amendments to the Social Security Act. Unfortunately, these programs symbolically and practically linked child care to “welfare mothers” and their children. Advocates, who by this time has confidence in their influence, effectiveness, and place in the democratic process, encountered a federal government that considered child care an appropriate service only for the poorest Americans.
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Cabrelli, David. 17. Procedural Fairness and Remedies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198813149.003.0017.
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This chapter first examines the various conceptions of procedural fairness. It then underscores the diversity and adaptability of the standards of procedural fairness, detailing the extent to which procedural safeguards have been weakened by the Employment Act 2008. It charts the approach of the tribunals and courts to the standards of procedural fairness and analyses the stages of a procedurally fair process. Finally, the chapter probes the remedies available in the case of a successful unfair dismissal, including the calculation of the basic award, the measure of compensation payable in the case of the compensatory award, and the orders of reinstatement and re-engagement. The chapter concludes with an overall assessment of the efficacy of the statutory unfair dismissal regime.
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Smiseth, Otto A., Maurizio Galderisi y Jae K. Oh. Left ventricle: diastolic function. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0021.
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Evaluation of diastolic function by echocardiography is useful to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by showing signs of diastolic dysfunction, and regardless of ejection fraction, echocardiography can be used to estimate left ventricular (LV) filling pressure. Diastolic dysfunction occurs in a number of cardiac diseases other than heart failure and mild diastolic dysfunction is part of the normal ageing process. The fundamental disturbances in diastolic dysfunction are slowing of myocardial relaxation, loss of restoring forces, and reduced LV chamber compliance. As a compensatory response there is elevated LV filling pressure. Slowing of relaxation and loss of restoring forces are reflected in reduction in LV early diastolic lengthening velocity (e?) by tissue Doppler. The reduced diastolic compliance is reflected in faster deceleration of early diastolic transmitral velocity by pulsed wave Doppler. Elevated LV filling pressure is reflected in a number of Doppler indices and in enlarged left atrium. This chapter reviews the physiology of diastolic function, the clinical methods and indices which are available, and how these should be applied.
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Bittner, Edward A. y Shawn P. Fagan. The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0304.
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Following severe traumatic injury, patients enter a state of immune dysregulation consisting of both exaggerated inflammation and immune suppression. Traditionally, the host response has been viewed as an early systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) followed temporally by a compensatory anti-inflammatory or immune-suppressive response syndrome (CARS). While this paradigm has been widely accepted across both medical and scientific fields, recent advances have challenged this concept. The Glue grant investigators recently characterized both the initial inflammatory response to injury and the dynamic evolving recovery process. They found: (1) severe injury produces a rapid (< 12 hours) genomic reprioritization in which 80% of the leukocyte transcriptome is altered; (2) similarities in gene expression patterns between different injuries reveal an apparently fundamental response to severe inflammatory stress, which is far more common than different; (3) alterations in the expression of classical inflammatory and anti-inflammatory as well as adaptive immunity genes occur simultaneously, not sequentially after severe injury; (4) the temporal nature of the current SIRS/CARS paradigm is not supported at the level of the leukocyte transcriptome. Complications are not associated with genomic evidence of a ‘second hit’ and differ only in the magnitude and duration of this genomic reprioritization. Furthermore, the delayed clinical recovery with organ injury is not associated with dramatic qualitative differences in the leukocyte transcriptome. Finally, poor correlation between human and rodent inflammatory genomic responses will alter how the host response is studied in the future.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Compensatory processes"
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Rook, Karen S. y Tonya L. Schuster. "Compensatory Processes in the Social Networks of Older Adults". En Handbook of Social Support and the Family, 219–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1388-3_10.
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Rieber, Robert W. y Aaron S. Carton. "Compensatory Processes in the Development of the Retarded Child". En The Collected Works of L.S. Vygotsky, 122–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2806-7_8.
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Knight, Frank B. "Calculating the Compensator: Method and Example". En Seminar on Stochastic Processes, 1990, 241–52. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0562-0_11.
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Thoits, Peggy A. "Compensatory Coping with Stressors". En Advances in the Conceptualization of the Stress Process, 23–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1021-9_2.
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Ivanoff, B. Gail. "A Compensator Characterization of Planar Point Processes". En Asymptotic Laws and Methods in Stochastics, 87–109. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3076-0_6.
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Shapoval, Mykola, Viktor Virchenko, Maksym Skoryk y Anatolii Kryvorot. "One-Piston Mortar Pump with Increased Volume Combined Compensator Working Processes Analysis". En Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 253–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42939-3_27.
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O’Sullivan, Maurice G. "Packaging and compensatory processes". En Salt, Fat and Sugar Reduction, 255–84. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819741-7.00011-0.
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"Compensatory Processes in Reading". En Compensating for Psychological Deficits and Declines, 289–310. Psychology Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203773802-22.
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Röder, Brigitte y Frank Rösler. "Compensatory Plasticity as a Consequence of Sensory Loss". En The Handbook of Multisensory Processes, 719–48. The MIT Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3422.003.0055.
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Kay, Aaron C. y Daniel Sullivan. "Cultural Unity and Diversity in Compensatory Control Processes". En Advances in Culture and Psychology, 181–226. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199930449.003.0004.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Compensatory processes"
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Ferreira, Ana Paula Lüdtke. "On the problem of compensatory mating in animal breeding". En Workshop-Escola de Informática Teórica. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/weit.2021.18928.
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Animal breeding relies on two processes to achieve its objectives: the selection and the mating systems. Mating systems devise a particular plan to perform one or more breeding goals, which often encompass improving the herd's health and maximising financial gains in animal production systems. Compensatory mating is a strategy to produce animals with more homogeneous selection trait characteristics, discarding the production of exceptional animals in favour of a more balanced herd. This paper defines and investigates the complexity class of the optimal compensatory mating problem, proving that a polynomial-time algorithm can solve it.
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Lunardi, Brenda, Katerina Lukasova y Maria Carthery Goulart. "NEURAL CORRELATES OF WORD AND NONWORD READING PROCESSES IN TYPICAL AGING: A FNIRS STUDY". En XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda009.
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Backgroud: Phonological and lexical-semantic processes in the elderly population still needed be investigate specially to understand how neural plasticity and compensatory mechanisms influence these processes. Objective: The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been increasingly used in language studies to observe cortical activity. Methods: In the current study, we characterize the performance of this population in naming and reading tasks and explore their neural correlates. 32 healthy elderly adults (age 69.1±5.9) performed word/nonword reading aloud and oral naming tasks, with concomitant fNIRS recording. We compared task condition vs rest blocks in anterior and posterior temporal (ATC, PTC), dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC), inferior frontal (IFC) and inferior parietal (IPC) cortices, bilaterally. Results: We found lexicality and regularity effects modulating word reading fluency (p <.001). No difference was observed in naming and nonword fluency. We observed cortical activity only in dlPFC for nonword, in ATC and PTC for irregular words, in dlPFC and PTC for regular words and in dlPFC and IPC for naming (p<.05). No lateralization was observed in any condition. We verified a positive correlation between reading fluency and dlPFC activity (p <.02). Conclusion: Our findings supporting the dual-route models and indicate compensatory neural mechanisms in aging.
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Muhammad, Rahmat, Kathleen Allen Rodowicz, Michelle Heller, Joseph Sala y Chimba Mkandawire. "Biomechanical, Perceptual, and Cognitive Factors Involved in Balance Recovery Following Unexpected Perturbations: A Literature Review". En ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39285.
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For an individual standing or walking on a moving or non-moving surface, perturbations can result in postural instability and sudden loss of balance. When unexpected perturbations occur, specific mechanisms involving the sensory, cognitive, and motor systems activate in order to regain postural control. For example, specific muscle synergies can result in compensatory limb movements (e.g. stepping or reaching towards a fixed object) that are prevalent mechanical responses to sudden loss of balance and play a crucial role in preventing falls. These movements require the interaction of multiple sensory systems including the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems. If sensory information is unavailable or incomplete, there may be a greater reliance on cognitive processes such as memory and attention in order to execute a balance-recovering mechanical response; however, if cognitive processes are tasked, compensatory responses may be negatively affected. The ability to recover from sudden loss of balance is critical in preventing falls on both non-moving and moving surfaces. This review includes a discussion of the biomechanical, perceptual, and cognitive factors responsible for the control of balance recovery on moving surfaces.
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"The development of compensatory processes in the liver and kidney in conditions of distant tumor growth". En Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-259.
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Noury, Keyvan y Bingen Yang. "Class of Stabilizing Parallel Feedforward Compensators for Nonminimum-Phase Systems". En ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-9240.
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Abstract In this work, the properties of the class of parallel feedforward compensators to stabilize linear closed-loop systems are studied. The characteristic equation and its root locus behavior, including its asymptotes, are investigated to leave out the compensators that will not result in a stable closed-loop system. Even though there have been numerous studies relevant to parallel feedforward compensation that result in the optimal integration of squared errors (ISE), the broader view of all possible compensators has not been of much interest in the literature. Nevertheless, this study is important because, in the presence of noise and disturbance, an optimal ISE control design for the nominal plant may perform poorly while a finite ISE design may have a robust and efficient performance. One of such class compensators is parallel feedforward compensator with derivative effort (PFCD) that for a vast number of processes can have impressive properties such as no branch comebacks to the right half plane (RHP) of the root locus plot (LHP black hole effect). The example in this paper shows how effectively PFCD can contract the root locus branches into the LHP.
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McEver, Mark A., Daniel G. Cole y Robert L. Clark. "An Adaptive Feedback Noise Control Approach Using Q-Parameterization". En ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33341.
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An algorithm is presented which uses adaptive Q-parameterized compensators for control of sound. All stabilizing feedback compensators can be described in terms of plant coprime factors and a free parameter, Q, which can be any stable function. By generating a feedback signal containing only disturbance information, the parameterized compensator allows Q to be designed in an open-loop fashion. The problem of designing Q to yield desired noise reduction is formulated as an on-line gradient descent-based adaptation process. Coefficient update equations are derived for different forms of Q, including digital finite impulse response (FIR) and lattice infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. Simulations predict good performance for both tonal and broadband disturbances, and a duct feedback noise control experiment results in a 37 dB tonal reduction.
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Vitali, Andrea, Daniele Regazzoni, Caterina Rizzi y Federico Maffioletti. "A New Approach for Medical Assessment of Patient’s Injured Shoulder". En ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97889.
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Abstract Low cost marker-less motion capture (Mocap) systems can be considered an interesting technology for the objective assessment of rehabilitation processes. In particular, this paper presents a feasibility study to introduce a Mocap system as a tool to assess shoulder rehabilitation. The movements of a shoulder are complex and challenging to be captured with a marker-less system because the skeleton avatar usually oversimplifies shoulder articulation with a single virtual joint. The designed solution integrates a low-cost Mocap system with image processing techniques and convolutional neural networks to automatically detect and measure potential compensatory movements executed during an abduction, which is one of the first post-surgery exercises for shoulder rehabilitation. First, we introduce the main steps of a reference roadmap that guided the development of the Mocap solution for rehab assessment of injured shoulder. Then, the acquisition of medical knowledge is presented as well as the new Mocap solution based on the integration of convolutional neural networks and 2D motion tracking techniques. Finally, the application which automatically evaluates abductions and makes available the measurements of the scapular elevations is described. Preliminary study and future works are also presented and discussed.
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Sanap, Sudarshan B. y Nitin D. Pagar. "Structural Integrity Assessment of the Compensators Used in the Heat Exchangers Under Combined Angular Movement and Lateral Offset". En ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96985.
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Abstract Process industries typically utilize bellows expansion joints (compensators), which offer both axial flexibility and circumferential strength on convolutions. These components are utilized in pipe structures as well as their connections to vital process equipment’s, such as boilers, fixed tube heat exchangers, pressure vessels, pressure relief equipment, pulsation dampeners, etc. The expansion-contraction operation of the compensators attached to the pipes produces different thrusts and stresses, rendering process equipment vulnerable to catastrophic failure if there is an axial misalignment or lateral offset in connection. For the purpose of maintaining structural integrity, it is essential to determine the meridian stresses generated on bellows compensator under various operating conditions. This study examines the quantitative effects of combined lateral shift and angular rotational misalignment on meridional stress levels for the heat exchanger shell bellows. Mainly the generation of the stresses on the U-shaped convolution profile is multifaceted and difficult to evaluate. An experimental setup has been designed to make it easier to see the combined angular rotation and offset at various levels and to improve evaluating the stress levels for analysis purposes. The paper presents the results pertaining to meridional deflection-based stresses. The analysis process signifies the assessment of structural integrity to enable designers to implement mitigating measures regarding the installation of bellows compensators and adequate support conditions.
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Fu, J. Sophia, Zhenghui Sha, Yun Huang, Mingxian Wang, Yan Fu y Wei Chen. "Two-Stage Modeling of Customer Choice Preferences in Engineering Design Using Bipartite Network Analysis". En ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68099.
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Customers’ choice decisions often involve two stages during which customers first use noncompensatory rules to form a consideration set and then make the final choice through careful compensatory tradeoffs. In this work, we propose a two-stage network-based modeling approach to study customers’ consideration and choice behaviors in a separate but integrated manner. The first stage models customer preferences in forming a consideration set of multiple alternatives, and the second stage models customers’ choice preference given individuals’ consideration sets. Specifically, bipartite exponential random graph (ERG) models are used in both stages to capture customers’ interdependent choices. For comparison, we also model customers’ choice decisions when consideration set information is not available. Using data from the 2013 China auto market, our results suggest that exogenous attributes (i.e., car attributes, customer demographics, and perceived satisfaction ratings) and the endogenous network structural factor (i.e., vehicle popularity) significantly influence customers’ decisions. Moreover, our results highlight the differences between customer preferences in the consideration stage and the purchase stage. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt of developing a two-stage network-based approach to analytically model customers’ consideration and purchase decisions, respectively. Second, this work further demonstrates the benefits of the network approach versus traditional logistic regressions for modeling customer preferences. In particular, network approaches are effective for modeling the inherent interdependencies underlying customers’ decision-making processes. The insights drawn from this study have general implications for the choice modeling in engineering design.
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Schmidt, Jon A., Steven W. Ellsworth, R. Allen Brooks, Darren F. Bishop, Mark G. Bisett, Michael C. Aubele y H. Ed Watkins. "Colonization and Habitat Use by Marine Fish and Epifauna of the Gulfstream Pipeline Habitat Replacement Structures". En 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10374.
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Gulfstream Natural Gas System, L.L.C. (Gulfstream) constructed a 36-inch-diameter pipeline in 2001 to transport natural gas from plants in Mississippi and Alabama to markets in central and southern Florida. The route of the marine portion of the pipeline originates from the shoreline of Mississippi and Alabama in Mississippi Sound and transverses the Gulf of Mexico, making landfall in Tampa Bay. Activities such as the installation of the pipe on the seafloor, the subsequent lowering of the pipe beneath the seafloor, and the mooring of construction vessels used in these processes were anticipated to disturb the seafloor and associated resources. Compensatory mitigation for project impacts to live hard-bottom was undertaken with the installation of habitat replacement sites consisting of either limestone boulder groupings or pre-fabricated reef modules. As part of the mitigation monitoring plan, Gulfstream has documented the success of the limestone’s placement and stability within the habitat replacement sites, monitored colonization by sessile epifauna, and censused the reef fish populations found utilizing the created habitat. The monitoring protocol includes diver collected still photography and Bohnsack point counts for fish. The created habitat provides a greater amount of habitat relief/complexity than natural hard/live bottom and is thriving in terms of both the recruitment of sessile epifauna and habitat use by a diverse demersal and commercially important fish community. Thus the limestone boulder and reef module areas created as part of the Gulfstream project appear to be a very successful means of habitat mitigation.
Informes sobre el tema "Compensatory processes"
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Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry y Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.
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The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
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Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.
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The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.