Tesis: "Court mediator"

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Ozores, Audria Helena de Souza Perez. "Conflitos no campo jurídico em torno da profissionalização da mediação judicial." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6730.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3926.pdf: 1330769 bytes, checksum: 9e56c6c003b95da36bf4396f0093f5f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-27 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos The present work seeks to analyze the relationship between the mediators in the judicial sector Judicial Mediation in the city of São Paulo called Comarca Azul and agents of the world of law: lawyers and judges. Just as lawyers, mediators develop different strategies to achieve better positions and distinctions within this field. Our goal was to understand the meanings of these local around the mediation field marked by the pursuit of ownership of the practice of this activity and the authority to speak and act with legitimacy. The methodology used was based on a qualitative approach with interviews, participant observation and document analysis, aiming to realize negotiations and dispute within the group of professionals in the legal world. Com a presente pesquisa busca-se analisar as relações existentes entre os mediadores judiciais no âmbito do setor de Mediação Judicial na cidade do interior paulista denominada Comarca Azul e os agentes do mundo do direito: advogados e juízes. Da mesma forma que os advogados, os mediadores desenvolvem diversas estratégias para alcançar as melhores posições e distinções dentro deste campo. Nosso objetivo foi compreender os sentidos destas disputas locais em torno da mediação, campo marcado pela busca da apropriação da prática desta atividade e pela autoridade de falar e agir com legitimidade. A metodologia empregada foi baseada numa abordagem qualitativa com a realização de entrevistas, observação participante e análise documental, com intuito de perceber as negociações e a disputa dentro do grupo dos profissionais do mundo jurídico.

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Wasserman, Deborah. "The challenge of the family-system outcome mediator : using multiple family-member perspectives in a confirmatory evaluation model of a family-based juvenile court diversion program /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402544592126.

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Xiong, Hao, and 熊浩. "The feasibility of court mediation in today's southwest China : an empirical study of the grassroots courts in Yunnan province." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197096.

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Today’s legal system of China has faced many significant changes. One of the often mentioned challenges concerns the appropriate management and handling of an abundance of new and complex disputes. Due to the popularity of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in Western countries, it began to draw people’s attention when designing a Chinese dispute resolution policy. With this fact being known and considering China’s domestic political climates and the Chinese practice of using non-confrontational means to solve disputes, one circle of scholars suggested that court mediation (fayuantiaojie, 法院调解) should be enhanced. In June 2009, this suggestion was adopted by the Supreme People’s Court. Concerning the challenges of courts handling disputes in recent years, the SPC has placed a priority on practice of court mediation. However, China’s situation differs from the West, and the existing scholarship lacks empirical research on court-connected ADR. This is especially true in southwest China. Thus, it is quite necessary for legal scholars to assess and examine the operation of court mediation in today’s southwest China in order to answer whether it is a feasible institutional arrangement in the southwest context. This will not only enhance our understanding of the nature and rationale of court-connected ADR at the intellectual level but will also perfect its performance in the future. The purpose of this research is to contribute an empirical study on court mediation and attempts to paint a more complicated and nuanced picture of ADR in southwest China’s context rather than simply copying Western legal narratives to explain China’s legal reality. More specifically, through empirically examining the process of court mediation and the implementation of the relevant policies in practice, this dissertation intends to 1) investigate how court mediation is carried out in southwest China’s grassroots courts in order to answer whether it is a feasible institutional arrangement in the southwest context as well as what the problems are in practice, if any,2) provide suggestions for clarifying and redesigning China’s mediation law in the future and introduce a regionalism-based paradigm to China’s legal studies and dispute resolution policy design as an alternative. Based on empirical studies in the grassroots courts of Yunnan, this dissertation argues that although court mediation now is driven by “politically correct pragmatism”, it is feasible in southwest grassroots China due to the social context and the social embedment of the locals. However, the current “Mediation First” policy is still problematic because it may over-simplify Chinese complexity in the dispute resolution domain and has gone far away from the spirit of ADR by pursuing political goals as its priority and overemphasizing mediation’s role. The way to solve the problem is not to simply or ideologically restrict or limit court mediation; alternatively, it is necessary to establish more straightforward and uncompromising rules to exclude ill-suited cases from being mediated in order to improve its performance. Now is also the time to re-examine China’s nationalized, generalized paradigm concerning both China’s legal constructions and scholarship, and attempt to open up a new regionalism-based paradigm when analyzing China’s legal issues. published_or_final_version Law Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy

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McCrary, Betty R. "Court-ordered mediation: perceptions and outcomes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39779.

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Tsui, Yee Man. "Mediation practice in Hong Kong is court-annexed program applicable? /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b23454313a.pdf.

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Eriksson, Sverker. "Medling i dispositiva tvistemål : En kritisk utvärdering av det svenska systemet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232457.

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This paper is a critical evaluation of the Swedish system with special mediation. The district court has the opportunity, in cases that are amenable to out-of-court settlements, to refer the dispute to special mediation. However, this is extremely rare, even though the legislature expressed a desire to increase the use of alternative dispute resolution. In 2011, a series of measures were taken to increase the use of mediation and strengthen mediation attractiveness. What effect can be inferred from these actions today, over three years after their introduction? This study analyses the main reasons offered for why mediation is not used more, and what should be done to increase the use of mediation. Is the court-annexed mediation an appropriate way forward for Sweden? To answer these problem formulations I studied statistics from the Swedish National Courts Administration (Domstolsverket). In order to investigate how the Swedish mediators experience the practice, I did a survey that was sent to the mediators listed on the Swedish National Courts Administration´s catalogue on mediators. To deepen the knowledge of mediation as a practice and get a perspective on the special court mediation, I conducted an in-depth interview with Nicklas Söderberg, Head of Administration of the Court of Appeal in Skåne and Blekinge. My material shows that the Court's duty to promote conciliation was strengthened by the government's measures in 2011. However, the Mediation Act (Lag om medling i privaträttsliga tvister), according to the material, did not have the intended impact on the use of mediation; special mediation is very rarely used. The reason to the meagre effects is that the measures do not address the three largest mediation hindering factors; regulatory barriers, cost considerations and lack of knowledge and foundation in the Swedish legal culture. To increase the use of mediation and reach all of its benefits, I believe, in the light of the material in this paper, a new system that addresses the needs of those hindering factors is necessary. The legislation provides opportunity for broad discussions with the parties during the initial Court preparations. However, the process could be more clear, effective and legally certain by developing Court-annexed mediation. Court-annexed mediation can reduce the courts caseload, save time for the parties and provide more sustainable and appropriate solutions to the parties' disputes. To anchor mediation in Swedish legal culture and increase the use of the procedure, I advocate that Court-annexed mediation should be introduced. Denna uppsats är en kritisk utvärdering av det svenska systemet med särskild medling. Tingsrätten har möjlighet att i dispositiva tvistemål hänvisa tvisten till särskild medling. Detta sker dock ytterst sällan, trots att lagstiftaren uttalat en vilja att öka användandet av alternativa tvistlösningsmetoder. År 2011 genomfördes en rad åtgärder för att öka användningen av medling samt stärka medlingens attraktionskraft. Vilken effekt kan utläsas av dessa åtgärder idag, drygt tre år efter deras införande? I denna uppsats utreds vilka huvudanledningar som finns till varför särskild medling inte används mer, samt vad som bör göras för att komma tillrätta med detta. Är rättsmedling en lämplig väg framåt för Sverige? För att svara på dessa problemformuleringar studerades statistik från domstolsverket. För att undersöka hur svenska medlare upplever förfarandet gjorde jag en enkätundersökning som skickades till medlare upptagna på domstolsverkets förteckning över medlare. För att fördjupa kunskapen om medling i praktiken och få ett domstolsperspektiv på särskild medling genomförde jag en djupintervju med Nicklas Söderberg, administrativ chef för hovrätten i Skåne och Blekinge. Mitt material visar att rättens skyldighet att verka för förlikning stärkts av regeringens åtgärder år 2011. Medlingslagen har dock, enligt materialet, inte haft avsedd inverkan på användandet av medling; särskild medling används mycket sällan. Anledningen till att effekterna uteblivit är att åtgärderna inte adresserar de tre största medlingshämmande faktorerna; lagstiftningsmässiga hinder, kostnadsaspekter samt brist på kunskap och förankring i svensk rättskultur. För att öka användningen av medling och nå alla dess fördelar anser jag, mot bakgrund av materialet i denna uppsats, att en ny ordning måste till som adresserar dessa medlingshämmande faktorer. Lagstiftningen ger utrymme för att hålla breda samtal med parterna under förberedelsen, dock skulle förfarandet bli tydligare, mer ändamålsenligt och rättssäkert genom att utforma en lagstiftning gällande rättsmedling. Rättsmedling kan avlasta domstolarna, spara tid för parterna samt ge mer hållbara och ändamålsenliga lösningar på parternas tvister. För att förankra medlingen i svensk rättskultur och öka användandet av förfarandet förespråkar jag att rättsmedling borde införas.

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Alhassan, Mukaddas. "An Evaluation of a Victim Offender Mediation Program at a Juvenile Court." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1280344760.

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Karaketov, Maksud. "Creating an appropriate model of Court-connected mediation for Uzbekistan." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20945.

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Chisompola, Lois. "A tentative proposal for mediation in the Zambian Family Court." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33678.

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These changes have set stage for the development of family law in Zambia as well as the growth of alternative dispute resolution, particularly, mediation. They also bring to the forefront the opportunity and challenge of re-envisioning what a court system should look like. This study seeks to assess how each of these changes can fit together into one comprehensive system for a Family Court model.

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Leger-Ravet, Marie-Bénédicte. "Cytokines et médiateurs cytotoxiques au cours des syndromes lymphoprolifératifs B." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T005.

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Öztunali, Timur Mete. "Mediation as an alternative to litigation: A comparative study between South Africa and Germany." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7573.

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Magister Legum - LLM The judicial court system in South Africa is overburdened, which results in parties having to wait for long periods of time to have their matters settled or even heard. Furthermore, the cost of litigation in South Africa is immense, which prevents the biggest part of the population from access to justice in line with s 34 of the Constitution of 1996. Therefore, alternative methods of dispute resolution are worth looking into. This paper will compare the mediation system of South Africa with that of Germany. This will allow for a better insight in regard to mediation within South Africa, which can help to address the above stated problems.

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Abdullah, Muhammad Tahir. "Role of UAE courts in international commercial arbitration." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/305727.

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Concept of arbitration has been prevalent, historically, in the Middle East since the early days of Islam. The arbitral process has been problematic in the UAE however, it has not been until recently that the UAE has recognized the importance of arbitration as a powerful dispute resolution alternative and revised its legislation to accommodate the proceedings of domestic and international arbitration. In the past, foreign investors have been reluctant to select the UAE seat for their arbitration proceedings. There has been a perception that, as a general rule, the practice of international commercial arbitration in the Middle East is still in its infancy. The UAE is now demonstrating to the international community that it has the necessary infrastructure and laws in place to successfully count itself as one of the key arbitration players, alongside London, Paris and Hong Kong. This has been the result of the UAE updating their laws, reforming dispute resolution practice and procedures and through the establishment of key regional arbitration centres. The UAE's accession to the New York Convention was also seen as a significant step in demonstrating the UAE's commitment to foreign investors and the international community. Under Federal Decree No. 43 of 2006, the UAE managed to accede to the New York Convention. The UAE's accession is considered as a mile stone towards provision for a more straightforward arbitral process and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in other Convention states. As a recent development, the UAE has evidenced the joint venture between the Dubai International Financial Centre ('the DIFC') and the London Court of International Arbitration ('the LCIA'), in February 2009, to create the DIFC-LCIA Arbitration Centre ('the DIFC~LCIA'). The DIFC-LCIA operates alongside the longer-established Dubai International Arbitration Centre ('the DlAC'). Both offer their own procedural rules and regulations for the amicable settlement of disputes through arbitration. The Courts role is vital in an arbitral proceeding in any jurisdiction. Although arbitration is believed as a court-free, independent forum for dispute resolution; the court plays fundamental role to ensure that the arbitral proceeding is taking place in a moderate and independent decorum. The UAE Court's role towards the International commercial arbitration has been very problematic and the courts historically used to intervene in the arbitral proceeding over tiny issues. The new UAE arbitration laws has changed the situation and curtailed the courts powers to interfere the arbitral proceeding. At present, the arbitration in the UAE is more independent and straightforward. The proposed UAE arbitration law has much more similarities with the Model Law UNCITRAL and meets the International standards. A lot of work still has to be done in order to make the arbitration more independent, straightforward and friendly in the UAB. The Court's role is vital and is required to be more supportive then it is at present in the arbitral process.

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Maclons, Whitney. "Mandatory court based mediation as an alternative dispute resolution process in the South African civil justice system." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4407.

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Magister Legum - LLM Civil litigation is the primary method of dispute resolution in the South African civil justice system. This process is characterised by a number of shortcomings which include the adversarial nature of the process which often creates further conflict between disputing parties and often results in permanently destroyed relationships between them. Further shortcomings include the highly complex, costly and time-consuming nature of civil litigation. These shortcomings infringe on the constitutional imperative of access to justice for South Africans, particularly for the indigent members of society. In addition, court rolls have become overburdened due to the rapidly increasing volume of litigation at court. This often results in extensive waiting periods before matters are heard at court and further infringes the attainment of access to justice. While progress has been made in enhancing the civil justice system over the years, the aforementioned shortcomings prevail. In recent years the South African government has introduced the concept of mandatory court based mediation to the civil justice system with the view of promoting access to justice and enhancing the civil justice system. In a nutshell, mandatory court based mediation refers a civil dispute to mediation once an appearance to defend is entered at court, in order to attempt the settlement of the matter. In the event of the dispute not being resolved, the matter is then referred back to the conventional litigation process for resolution. Mandatory court based mediation, while controversial and bearing valid criticism; aims to promote access to justice and reconciliation between aggrieved parties and remedies a number of the shortcomings currently plaguing the South African civil justice system. In answering the research question of whether this ADR process is suitable to implement in South Africa in order to remedy the shortcomings of its civil justice system, the following aspects are considered in this thesis: the benefits, advantages, and the constitutionality of mandatory court based mediation, as well as the criticisms and challenges of the process. South Africa may have an adversarial civil justice system, but is no stranger to the practice of mediation. Within South African civil law a number of fields have mentioned mediation as the preferred method of dispute resolution over years. These areas of law will be highlighted in this thesis. Internationally, the jurisdiction of the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria will also be highlighted. This analysis is done in order to assess the implementation and function of a mediation system, as a preferred method of dispute resolution, across all areas of civil law within an adversarial civil justice system. The current civil justice system in South Africa needs to be remedied due to its negative impact on civil disputants and the nation of South Africa in a broader sense. This thesis does not suggest that mandatory court based mediation is a panacea for all ills plaguing the country’s civil justice system. However, this ADR process may suit South Africa and its implementation may make a considerable remedial contribution and possibly significantly enhance its civil justice system.

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Lambertini, Andreotti Julia. "Comprehension of legal discourse in interpreter-mediated judicial proceedings." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397782.

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Als procediments judicials a Califòrnia, les persones que no parlen anglès reben l’ajut d’un intèrpret per a tenir les mateixes oportunitats que aquells que entenen anglès. Aquesta finalitat s’articula en un codi ètic, que també requereix que els intèrprets mantinguin la forma i registre de la llengua de sortida en la llengua d’arribada, i que no intervinguin fins i tot quan sospiten que no s’ha entès el missatge. Aquest intercanvi comunicatiu intercultural involucra oficials judicials que fan servir un registre legal formal; un nadiu de l’espanyol, d’un nivell educatiu i cultura diferent i familiaritzat amb un sistema legal (també diferent); i un intèrpret que s’ha de mantenir tan invisible com sigui possible. Aquest estudi empíric vol determinar i comparar la comprensió del llenguatge legal de registre formal de parlants nadius d’anglès i espanyol, i experimentar amb la simplificació del registre per avaluar els seus efectes en aquesta comprensió. A més a més, aquesta recerca vol compilar dades sobre les opinions dels intèrprets i els seus criteris envers el registre, el canvi de registre, i la intervenció, així com de les opinions dels advocats respecte la intervenció dels intèrprets. En consonància amb el gir sociocultural que ha afectat els Estudis d’Interpretació, aquesta investigació vol incorporar les limitacions educatives, culturals i socials del receptor meta a la interpretació legal moderna a Califòrnia, que encara es guia per principis d’equivalència formal i d’orientació cap a la llengua de sortida. Per tal de tenir en compte aquestes barreres del receptor, s’aplica un enfocament orientat al receptor meta per investigar la instància comunicativa fent servir conceptes de la teoria de l’Skopos i la noció de normes de Toury, dos marcs conceptuals que posen en dubte el paradigma de l’equivalència. La finalitat d’aquesta investigació és recopilar dades que puguin ajudar a una millor comprensió del rol de l’intèrpret i de l’eficàcia comunicativa als procediments judicials amb intèrpret. En los procedimientos judiciales de California, las personas que no hablan inglés reciben asistencia de un intérprete para que estén en igualdad de condiciones que las personas que hablan inglés. Este propósito se establece en un código de ética, que también dispone que el intérprete conserve la forma y el registro de la lengua de partida en la lengua meta, y que no intervenga incluso cuando sospeche que no hay comprensión. Esta comunicación intercultural se establece entre funcionarios judiciales que usan un registro jurídico formal; un hispanohablante que tiene otra cultura, otro nivel de educación, y otro contacto con (otro) sistema judicial; y un intérprete que debe ser lo más invisible que pueda. Esta investigación empírica se propone determinar y comparar la comprensión del lenguaje judicial formal que demuestran los angloparlantes y los hispanohablantes, y experimentar con simplificación del registro para determinar si esta simplificación afecta dicha comprensión. Asimismo, esta investigación se propone obtener información sobre el criterio de los intérpretes en cuanto al registro, la modificación del registro y la intervención, y el modo en que los abogados perciben dicha intervención. Esta investigación se propone incorporar las limitaciones sociales, culturales y educativas del receptor meta en la interpretación judicial actual de California, que aún se guía por principios de equivalencia formal y orientación hacia el texto de partida. Con el fin de considerar las limitaciones del destinatario, se adoptó un enfoque orientado al receptor para investigar esta interacción comunicativa mediante el uso de conceptos de la teoría del skopos y el concepto de normas aplicado por Toury, dos marcos conceptuales que cuestionan el paradigma de la equivalencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener información que ayude a comprender con mayor profundidad la función del intérprete y la eficacia comunicativa de los procedimientos judiciales asistidos por un intérprete. In California, non-English speakers involved in judicial proceedings are assisted by a language interpreter so that they are placed on an equal footing with those who understand English. This purpose is articulated in a code of ethics, which also requires interpreters to maintain the source form and register in the target language, and to keep silent even when non-comprehension is suspected. This intercultural communicative event involves judicial officers who use a formal register of legal language; a Spanish speaker from a different culture, education level, and exposure to (a different) legal system; and an interpreter who must be as invisible as humanly possible. This empirical research aims to find out and compare English speakers’ and Spanish speakers’ comprehension of high-register legal language, and experiment with register simplification to assess any effects on said comprehension. Additionally, this research aims to collect data on interpreters' views and awareness of register, register variation, and intervention; and on attorneys' views on interpreters' intervention. In keeping with the sociocultural turn that has made itself felt in Interpreting Studies, this research seeks to bring the social, cultural, and educational constraints of the target-language receiver into the equation of modern-day judicial interpreting in California, which is still guided by principles of formal equivalence and source orientedness. In order to account for these target constraints, a target-oriented approach was applied to investigate this communicative event borrowing concepts from skopos theory and Toury’s notion of norms, two conceptual frameworks that challenged the equivalence paradigm. The aim of this research is to collect data that will help gain a better understanding of the interpreter's role and the communicative effectiveness of interpreter-mediated judicial proceedings.

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Gabbay, Daniela Monteiro. "Mediação e judiciário: condições necessárias para a institucionalização dos meios autocompositivos de solução de conflitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-24042012-141447/.

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A questão central deste trabalho refere-se à institucionalização da mediação no âmbito do Judiciário e às condições necessárias para uma boa relação entre a mediação e o processo judicial. Esta questão foi analisada sob as perspectivas processual e institucional. A primeira recai sobre as bases do processo de mediação, em especial o devido processo legal mínimo, e a sua interação com o processo judicial, diferenciando a justiça do processo e a justiça do resultado. A segunda recai sobre o desenho dos programas de mediação que funcionam junto ao Judiciário e os papéis assumidos pelos diferentes atores que participam destes programas: juízes, mediadores, partes, advogados e funcionários dos Tribunais. Sob esta última perspectiva, foi realizada pesquisa empírica e comparada em programas de mediação que funcionam junto ao Judiciário no Brasil e nos EUA. The main issue of this work is the institutionalization of mediation within the Courthouse and the pre-conditions for having a good relationship between mediation and the Judiciary. This issue is analyzed from both procedural and institutional points of view. The procedural perspective falls on the mediation due process (minimal but meaningful due process standards) and on the differences between the procedural and substantial justices. The institutional perspective falls on the design of the Court-Connected Mediation Programs and on the roles of the players who participated in these programs: judges, mediators, plaintiff and defendant, attorneys, and Court workers. An empirical research was also done about the Court-Connected Mediation Programs in Brazil and in the United States.

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Devaux, Jerome. "Technologies in interpreter-mediated criminal court hearings : an actor-network theory account of the interpreter's perception of her role-space." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/43417/.

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Her Majesty’s Courts Service in England and Wales has been subject to various changes within the past seventeen years. New working methods have been adopted, while the introduction of technologies has revolutionised the legal sphere. Since 2000, courts in England and Wales have indeed been increasingly using videoconference (VC) technologies to speed up the legal process, to enhance security, and to reduce costs, all of this in a context of budgetary constraints. Such VC pieces of equipment mean that all parties are not required to be physically in attendance in court for a case to be heard. In fact, a defendant may attend his pre trial court hearing from his detention centre since the courtroom and the prison will be linked via cameras, screens, and microphones. Interestingly, the court interpreter can be called to interpret in either location. Even though some may embrace the advent of technological tools available in court interpreting, the effect that they may have is still unknown. Some studies have explored various linguistic and para-linguistic features of Videoconference Interpreting (VCI). However, although the court interpreter’s role, from a conduit to that of an active participant, has been widely researched in Interpreting Studies (e.g. Hale, 2008; Martin and Ortega Herráez, 2009), the role of the court interpreter when interpreting via VC systems is an under-researched field. In this context, this thesis examines the interpreter’s perception of her role, whether she is located in court or in prison, through the analysis of eighteen interviews conducted with practising court interpreters. Building on research carried out on the use of VCI in court and the court interpreter’s role in a face to face setting, this study adopts an interdisciplinary approach by examining the interpreter’s role perception through the lens of role-space and that of Actor Network Theory. It is argued that the interpreter’s perception of her role-space varies, depending on whether she considers herself, in Actor-Network Theory terms, as a primum movens or not, alongside the role-space axes of presentation of self, participant alignment, and/or interaction management. Furthermore, the court interpreter deploys many-but-mostly-covert role interessement devices to ensure that the other court actors rally on the interpreter’s perception of her role. This thesis ends with various recommendations as to how the court interpreter can re-align her role-space when interpreting in VCI. Key words: Actor-Network Theory, Court Interpreting, Role Perception, Role Space, Videoconference Interpreting.

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Ashi, Mohamad Omar. "Régulation de l'expression des immunoglobulines au cours du développement lymphocytaire B tardif." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0008/document.

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Le processus aléatoire des recombinaisons V(D)J permet d’obtenir un répertoire d’anticorps (Ac) ou immunoglobulines (Ig) hautement diversifié. En revanche, le caractère imprécis des jonctions V(D)J conduit à l’apparition de décalages du cadre de lecture dans deux tiers des cas. Ainsi, la plupart des cellules B hébergent des allèles d’Ig avec des réarrangements V(D)J non-productifs au sein de leur génome. Plusieurs études incluant celles menées au laboratoire ont montré que ces allèles non-productifs sont transcrits mais subissent une régulation post-transcriptionnelle impliquant le mécanisme de dégradation des ARNm appelé NMD « Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay ». Cette surveillance ARN diminue ainsi le taux d’ARNm codant pour des chaînes d’Ig tronquées. En revanche, l’impact de l’épissage alternatif des transcrits d’Ig non-productifs sur la production d’Ig aberrantes reste jusqu’ici peu exploré. L’étude de ce processus appelé NAS (« Nonsense-associated Altered Splicing »), et en particulier du phénomène de saut d’exon, présente un grand intérêt car cet épissage alternatif peut permettre la synthèse d’Ig tronquées présentant des délétions internes. Les projets développés lors de cette thèse ont révélé la toxicité des chaînes d’Ig dépourvues de domaine variable (V) dans les plasmocytes, et mis en évidence l’existence d’un nouveau point de contrôle au cours de la différenciation plasmocytaire. Ce phénomène nommé TIE-checkpoint (Truncated-Ig Exclusion) conduisant à l’élimination des plasmocytes exprimant des Ig tronquées, est la conséquence d’un saut d’exon lors de l’épissage des transcrits Ig non-productifs. Pour étudier les évènements de NAS lors de l’épissage des transcrits d’Ig dans les plasmocytes, il faut par conséquent limiter l’activation du TIE-checkpoint. A l’aide d’un modèle murin présentant un exon non-sens additionnel au locus IgH, nous avons pu analyser in vivo l’épissage alternatif par « saut d’exon » des transcrits d’Ig non-productifs. En effet, l’élimination de cet exon addtionnel aboutit à la synthèse d’une chaîne d’Ig normale et non à la production de chaînes tronquées. Cette étude a été menée dans des cellules B primaires et des plasmocytes. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que l’hypertranscription des gènes d’Ig, qui accompagne la différenciation plasmocytaire, favorise l’épissage alternatif des transcrits d’Ig non-productifs, par un phénomène de saut d’exon. Nous avons également étudié les éventuelles connexions entre le mécanisme de NMD, impliqué dans la surveillance des ARNm, et l’UPR (« Unfolded Protein Response ») permettant de réguler l’homéostasie protéique dans les plasmocytes. De façon originale, nous avons identifié une boucle de régulation positive entre les processus de surveillance ARN (NMD) et protéique (UPR, autophagie, protéasome). La mise en évidence de cette coopération dans les plasmocytes constitue un exemple unique au vue de la littérature et, aurait pour effet de limiter la synthèse d’Ig tronquées tout en autorisant la synthèse massive d’Ig. Enfin, nous avons étudié le rôle de l’épissage des transcrits d’Ig non-codants (appelés transcrits I « germinaux ») au cours du processus de CSR « Class Switch Recombination ». Cette étude a apporté des précisions sur le rôle des sites donneurs d’épissage des exons I et révélé que la reconnaissance de ces sites d’épissage module l’intensité de la transcription de la région « switch » S adjacente, et par conséquent, son accessibilité à AID « Activation-Inducedcytidine Deaminase » lors de la CSR The random V(D)J recombination process contributes to the generation of a vast immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire. However, imprecise V(D)J junctions lead to the appearance of frameshift mutations in two-third of the cases. Hence, numerous B-lineage cells retain non-productively V(D)J rearranged Ig alleles in their genome. Several studies including ours have shown that these non-productive alleles are transcribed but rapidly degraded by NMD « Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay », thus decreasing the level of mRNA encoding truncated Ig. However, less is known about the impact of alternative splicing on non-productive Ig transcripts, and especially « exon skipping », with regard to the production of truncated Ig with internal deletions. During my thesis, we have shown that truncated Ig chains lacking variable (V) domain exhibted toxic effects in plasma cells revealing a new « Truncated-Ig Exclusion » (TIE-) checkpoint during plasma cell differentiation. The TIE-checkpoint eliminates plasma cell-expressing truncated Ig, as a consequence of exon skipping during splicing of non-productive Igκ transcripts. However, the TIE checkpoint activation limits the analysis of NAS (« Nonsense associated Altered Splicing ») of Ig transcripts in plasma cells. Using a mouse model harboring an additional frameshift-inducing V exon at the IgH chain locus, we could analyze NAS of non-productive Ig transcripts in primary B cells and plasma cells. This study revealed that hypertranscription of Ig genes accompanying plasma cell differentiation favors alternative splicing of non-productive Ig transcripts. We also investigated potential connections between the NMD mechanism, involved in mRNA surveillance, and the UPR (« Unfolded Protein Response ») pathway that regulates protein homeostasis in plasma cells. Interestingly, we identified a positive regulatory loop between RNA (NMD) and protein (UPR, autophagy, proteasome) surveillance processes. In view of the literature, the occurrence of such cooperation is unique to plasma cells, and this should help to limit the expression of truncated Ig while allowing massive Ig synthesis. Finally, we studied other aspects of Ig RNA splicing, and investigated the role of splice donor site on non-coding « germline » I transcripts during CSR (« Class Switch Recombination »). Using dedicated mouse models, we found that the deletion of Iƴ1 splice donor site drastically decreased CSR to IgG1. Overall, this study demonstrated that the recognition of I exon donor splice site enhances transcription of « switch » regions S, facilitating their opening and the subsequent recruitment of AID « Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase » during CSR

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18

Ferrier, Laurent. "Etude du role physiologique du pyy, un mediateur de l'effet des acides gras a chaine courte (doctorat : physiologie digestive)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT12VS.

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Maia, Vitor Bastos. "A autoria mediata na jurisprudência do Tribunal Penal Internacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-09122014-133842/.

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O momentum simbolizado pela plena atuação do Tribunal Penal Internacional mais de anos após a entrada em vigor de seu Estatuto traz esperanças e constatações difíceis. Assim, correto o entendimento de que a instituição é um dos pilares para a construção de ordem internacional pautada pela pacífica convivência entre as nações, na qual não existam mais massacres ou ditaduras. Ocorre que a recente história da humanidade mostra-se como lamentável comprovação de que essa luz no fim do túnel ainda encontra-se distante de ser alcançada. Da análise dos julgamentos resulta claro que a pretendida atuação preventiva no sentido de evitar que os crimes sejam cometidos pela pronta intervenção de sua jurisdição no conflito, ainda é uma quimera, sendo realidade a atuação ex post factum em relação aos poucos acusados que sentaram no banco dos réus até então. A partir da premissa de que a função primordial do TPI é a investigação, processo e julgamento e, em sendo o caso, condenação dos suspeitos, resulta clara a preponderância do aspecto penal. Como visto, no único caso que conta com sentença condenatória proferida (Lubanga), ao lado do reconhecimento da importância da reparação das vítimas manteve-se a prevalência da função de prevenção geral e especial do organismo internacional. Assentado esse aspecto, tornou-se imperioso compreender como os juízes vinham interpretando os requisitos da AM-AOP. A importância da hipótese foi por diversas vezes evidenciada no trabalho e de certa forma já era antevista na ressalva de Claus Roxin, quando de sua criação em 1963. Assim, a partir da adoção pelos juízes do TPI da teoria da autoria mediata em razão de aparatos de poder como fundamento da figura prevista no artigo 25(3)(a), terceira hipótese, do Estatuto e da constatação de que é única forma idealizada para dar conta, em termos dogmáticos, das especificidades dos crimes praticados em grande escala e sistematicamente tem-se clara a perspectiva de que se torne importante opção de imputação. dos crimes de competência do Tribunal aos acusados. Até o momento o encaminhamento dos casos não permite avaliar a aplicação dos critérios da AM-AOP em sede de sentença, tendo chegado somente até a Decisão de Confirmação das Acusações no caso Katanga e Chui. A AM-AOP ganha maior relevo, outrossim, em vista das diretrizes de política criminal trazidas pelos juízes na fundamentação de suas decisões, dentre as quais podem ser referidas a busca pelo combate da impunidade desses criminosos, bem como a tendência a que se reconheça a maior importância do julgamento dos maiores responsáveis pelos crimes cometidos. Da análise dos casos resulta que a afirmação desse escopo não vem acompanhada de explicitação das razões que legitimariam esse enfoque. Ademais, a presença de um chefe de Estado no banco dos réus não se presta de garantia a que seus subordinados não cometam crimes. Os requisitos dessa forma de intervenção no fato seguem em substância a proposta de Roxin, não tendo sido incorporada somente a exigência de que os aparatos organizados de poder atuem à margem do ordenamento jurídico. Embora não haja condenação até o momento de réu com fundamento na AM-AOP, tem-se claro que poderá ser de extrema valia para a subsunção dos crimes sob investigação ou julgamento nos demais casos nos quais está sendo aplicada mas cujo andamento está impossibilitado por não terem sido presos os acusados (Saif Al Islam e Omar Al Bashir). A combinação das hipóteses da coautoria e da AM-AOP na figura híbrida da coautoria mediata encontra óbice sob duas perspectivas: não convence em termos dogmáticos porque contraria a construção teórica proposta por Claus Roxin: os critérios do domínio funcional do fato no caso de coautoria e o do domínio da vontade na vertente, interessante para a presente discussão, de AM-AOP amoldam-se à realidade que se pretende enquadrar em termos jurídicos de formas distintas. De outra parte, tendo-se em mente a rigidez do critério da essencialidade da contribuição típico do domínio funcional do fato a mera soma dos requisitos previstos para cada uma das vertentes não parece ser uma boa solução em vista do objetivo de imputar os crimes através das categorias do Estatuto aos acusados preservando equilíbrio entre a busca de responsabilização penal concreta e efetiva e a preservação dos direitos e garantias do réu. O dissenso do Juiz Cuno Tarfusser no caso Katanga explicita essa violação. Por outro lado, essa forma de agir da maioria dos juízes traz flagrante intepretação in malam partem proibida pelo artigo 22(2), do ER. Espera-se que a posição da Juíza Van den Wyngaert manifestada em seu Voto Dissidente no caso Procurador v.Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui ganhe maior força no seio do Tribunal nos próximos anos. Apesar das críticas suscitadas tem-se claro que os avanços conquistados pelos juízes nessa complexa e delicada área da teoria do delito do direito penal internacional são de fundamental importância não somente para o aprimoramento das figuras jurídicas como também para a legitimação da atuação do tribunal perante os estados dada a sua vocação universalista. O momentum simbolizado pela plena atuação do Tribunal Penal Internacional mais de anos após a entrada em vigor de seu Estatuto traz esperanças e constatações difíceis. Assim, correto o entendimento de que a instituição é um dos pilares para a construção de ordem internacional pautada pela pacífica convivência entre as nações, na qual não existam mais massacres ou ditaduras. Ocorre que a recente história da humanidade mostra-se como lamentável comprovação de que essa luz no fim do túnel ainda encontra-se distante de ser alcançada. Da análise dos julgamentos resulta claro que a pretendida atuação preventiva no sentido de evitar que os crimes sejam cometidos pela pronta intervenção de sua jurisdição no conflito, ainda é uma quimera, sendo realidade a atuação ex post factum em relação aos poucos acusados que sentaram no banco dos réus até então. A partir da premissa de que a função primordial do TPI é a investigação, processo e julgamento e, em sendo o caso, condenação dos suspeitos, resulta clara a preponderância do aspecto penal. Como visto, no único caso que conta com sentença condenatória proferida (Lubanga), ao lado do reconhecimento da importância da reparação das vítimas manteve-se a prevalência da função de prevenção geral e especial do organismo internacional. Assentado esse aspecto, tornou-se imperioso compreender como os juízes vinham interpretando os requisitos da AM-AOP. A importância da hipótese foi por diversas vezes evidenciada no trabalho e de certa forma já era antevista na ressalva de Claus Roxin, quando de sua criação em 1963. Assim, a partir da adoção pelos juízes do TPI da teoria da autoria mediata em razão de aparatos de poder como fundamento da figura prevista no artigo 25(3)(a), terceira hipótese, do Estatuto e da constatação de que é única forma idealizada para dar conta, em termos dogmáticos, das especificidades dos crimes praticados em grande escala e sistematicamente tem-se clara a perspectiva de que se torne importante opção de imputação. dos crimes de competência do Tribunal aos acusados. Até o momento o encaminhamento dos casos não permite avaliar a aplicação dos critérios da AM-AOP em sede de sentença, tendo chegado somente até a Decisão de Confirmação das Acusações no caso Katanga e Chui. A AM-AOP ganha maior relevo, outrossim, em vista das diretrizes de política criminal trazidas pelos juízes na fundamentação de suas decisões, dentre as quais podem ser referidas a busca pelo combate da impunidade desses criminosos, bem como a tendência a que se reconheça a maior importância do julgamento dos maiores responsáveis pelos crimes cometidos. Da análise dos casos resulta que a afirmação desse escopo não vem acompanhada de explicitação das razões que legitimariam esse enfoque. Ademais, a presença de um chefe de Estado no banco dos réus não se presta de garantia a que seus subordinados não cometam crimes. Os requisitos dessa forma de intervenção no fato seguem em substância a proposta de Roxin, não tendo sido incorporada somente a exigência de que os aparatos organizados de poder atuem à margem do ordenamento jurídico. Embora não haja condenação até o momento de réu com fundamento na AM-AOP, tem-se claro que poderá ser de extrema valia para a subsunção dos crimes sob investigação ou julgamento nos demais casos nos quais está sendo aplicada mas cujo andamento está impossibilitado por não terem sido presos os acusados (Saif Al Islam e Omar Al Bashir). A combinação das hipóteses da coautoria e da AM-AOP na figura híbrida da coautoria mediata encontra óbice sob duas perspectivas: não convence em termos dogmáticos porque contraria a construção teórica proposta por Claus Roxin: os critérios do domínio funcional do fato no caso de coautoria e o do domínio da vontade na vertente, interessante para a presente discussão, de AM-AOP amoldam-se à realidade que se pretende enquadrar em termos jurídicos de formas distintas. De outra parte, tendo-se em mente a rigidez do critério da essencialidade da contribuição típico do domínio funcional do fato a mera soma dos requisitos previstos para cada uma das vertentes não parece ser uma boa solução em vista do objetivo de imputar os crimes através das categorias do Estatuto aos acusados preservando equilíbrio entre a busca de responsabilização penal concreta e efetiva e a preservação dos direitos e garantias do réu. O dissenso do Juiz Cuno Tarfusser no caso Katanga explicita essa violação. Por outro lado, essa forma de agir da maioria dos juízes traz flagrante intepretação in malam partem proibida pelo artigo 22(2), do ER. Espera-se que a posição da Juíza Van den Wyngaert manifestada em seu Voto Dissidente no caso Procurador v.Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui ganhe maior força no seio do Tribunal nos próximos anos. Apesar das críticas suscitadas tem-se claro que os avanços conquistados pelos juízes nessa complexa e delicada área da teoria do delito do direito penal internacional são de fundamental importância não somente para o aprimoramento das figuras jurídicas como também para a legitimação da atuação do tribunal perante os estados dada a sua vocação universalista.

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Vázquez, Bigas Guillem. "Oligopeptides as highly versatile agents against copper-mediated oxidative stress and amyloid-β aggregation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666586.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), for which no cure is known yet, is currently the most prevalent cause of dementia for the elderly population. The aberrant aggregation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is believed to trigger the events leading to the pathology, yet such processes are not fully understood. Although Aβ fibres represent the major components of the senile plaques found in AD brains, oligomeric aggregates are currently considered the most toxic species. Aβ has been found to bind Cu(I/II) ions (which are imbalanced in AD), modulating its aggregation. Copper has been reported to stabilise toxic oligomeric species and to catalyse the generation of ROS. Hence, preventing the copper-associated toxicity of Aβ may represent a promising approach to develop anti-AD agents. Histidinic peptides represent valuable synthons for the discovery of new, highly biocompatible drugs aimed at reducing the copper-associated toxicity of Aβ. In the present PhD thesis, short peptides containing the efficient Cu(II)-binding His-Xaa- His motif (Xaa = randomly-chosen amino acid) were rationally designed to be applied in i) the chelation and detection of copper ions, ii) their grafting onto gold nanocarriers and iii) the detection of Aβ aggregates. Chapter 1 comprises a detailed introduction on the state-of-the-art in the field and the description of the objectives of the present work. In Chapter 2, the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of fluorescent Cu(II)-chelating peptides is described. The chelating agents contained a tryptophan residue, or emissive probes for their application as fluorescent sensors. In Chapter 3, the evaluation of the Cu(II)-binding properties and the Cu(II)-binding affinities of the His-Xaa-His tripeptides is reported. N-terminal free peptides presented a 4N albumin-like (ATCUN) coordination donor set, and were able to remove Cu(II) ions bound to Aβ(1-16), and to inhibit the copper-induced stabilisation of oligomeric Aβ species and the generation of ROS. N-terminal protected peptides acted as a different donor set involving the two imidazole rings, and were less effective regarding their inhibition of the Cu-induced production of ROS. In Chapter 4, the generation of Aβ(1-40) dityrosine cross-links in the presence of copper(II) and H2O2 is described. Dityrosine-bridged Aβ dimers have been proposed as initiators of Aβ aggregation in AD brains, where they are believed to display a prolonged Cu-induced redox activity. Dityrosine-cross-linked Aβ(1-40) did not lead to the formation of fibres; the addition of an ATCUN peptide restored the fibrillation process. Chapter 5 explains the preparation of spherical gold nanoparticles functionalised with carboxyl-terminated PEG chains and a fluorescently-labelled Cu(II)-chelating peptide Ac-His-Xaa-His-Lys-NH2. The peptide-functionalised nanoparticles were able to (partially) extract Cu(II) ions bound to Aβ(1-16). Besides, they presented no toxicity towards neuronal embryo cells of wildtype mice. In Chapter 6, the design and preparation of fluorescent dyes to detect aggregated Aβ are reported. An analogue of the amyloid-selective fluorescent dye thioflavin T and its lysine derivative were prepared by click chemistry. Unfortunately, spectroscopic changes did not take place upon interaction with fibrillary Aβ. The environment-sensitive properties of a naphthalimide probe were then exploited for the detection of different types of Aβ aggregates. This probe and its His-Xaa-His peptides acted as bimodal probes in the presence of different types of Aβ aggregates, also in the presence of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. The promising results achieved during this doctoral research validate the proposed approach to use fluorescent His-containing Cu(II)-chelating peptides to reduce the copper-associated toxicity of Aβ and to detect Cu(II) ions and Aβ aggregates. Such peptides may hence find applications in therapy, diagnosis, and theranosis of AD. Es creu que l’agregació aberrant del pèptid β-amiloide (Aβ) origina l’aparició de l’Alzheimer, actualment la causa més freqüent de demència en la gent gran i per a la qual no es coneix cura. S’ha trobat que el coure (que es troba en nivells alterats al cervell dels malalts d’Alzheimer) estabilitza els oligòmers d’Aβ, considerats les espècies més tòxiques, i que catalitza la producció d’espècies oxidants. En aquesta tesi doctoral, pèptids curts amb la seqüència His-Xaa-His (Xaa = qualsevol aminoàcid excepte His i Pro) han sigut dissenyats racionalment per a la quelació i detecció d’ions Cu(II), la connexió a nanotransportadors d’or i la detecció d’agregats d’Aβ. El Capítol 1 conté una detallada introducció amb la informació més actualitzada sobre el camp i la descripció dels objectius d’aquest treball. Al Capítol 2 es descriu la preparació en fase sòlida de pèptids quelants que contenen diferents sondes fluorescents mitjançant química Fmoc. Al Capítol 3 es presenten les propietats quelants i l’afinitat dels tripèptids His-Xaa- His envers els ions Cu(II). Al Capítol 4 es descriu la generació de ponts de ditirosina en Aβ(1-40) en presència de coure(II) i H2O2, i la inhibició d’aquesta amb un dels pèptids quelants. Al Capítol 5 es presenta la preparació de nanopartícules esfèriques d’or funcionalitzades amb un pèptid quelant, la seva caracterització, l’estudi de l’extracció dels ions Cu(II) units a l’Aβ i l’avaluació de la seva toxicitat amb i sense el pèptid en cèl·lules neuronals de ratolins. Al Capítol 6 s’explica la utilització d’un anàleg del pigment selectiu a amiloide tioflavina T, així com d’una sonda sensible a l’entorn de tipus naftalimida, per detectar agregats d’Aβ. Els prometedors resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi doctoral validen l’estratègia proposada d’emprar pèptids fluorescents quelants d‘ions Cu(II) per reduir la toxicitat de l’Aβ associada al coure i per a la detecció d’aquest ió i dels agregats d’Aβ.

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Fowler, Yvonne. "Non-English-speaking defendants in the magistrates court : a comparative study of face-to-face and prison video link interpreter-mediated hearings in England." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/19442/.

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This study compares interpreter-mediated face-to-face Magistrates Court hearings with those conducted through prison video link in which interpreters are located in court and non- English-speaking defendants in prison. It seeks to examine the impact that the presence of video link has on court actors in terms of interaction and behaviour. The data comprises 11 audio-recordings of face-to-face hearings, 10 recordings of prison video link hearings, semistructured interviews with 27 court actors, and ethnographic observation of hearings as viewed by defendants in Wormwood Scrubs prison in London. The over-arching theme is the pervasive influence of the ecology of the courtroom upon all court actors in interpretermediated hearings and thus on the communication process. Close analysis of the court transcripts shows that their relative proximity to one another can be a determinant of status, interpreting role, mode and volume. The very few legal protocols which apply to interpretermediated cases (acknowledging and ratifying the interpreter, for example), are often forgotten or dispensed with. Court interpreters lack proper training in the specific challenges of court interpreting, whether they are co-present with the defendant or not. Other court actors often misunderstand the interpreter’s role. This has probably come about because courts have adjusted their perceptions of what they think interpreters are supposed to do based on their own experiences of working with them, and have gradually come to accept poor practice (the inability to perform simultaneous interpreting, for example) as the norm. In video link courts, mismatches of sound and image due to court clerks’ failure to adequately track current speakers, poor image and sound quality and the fact that non-English-speaking defendants in pre-and post-court consultations can see and hear interpreters but not their defence advocates are just some of the additional layers of disadvantage and confusion already suffered by non- English-speaking defendants. These factors make it less likely that justice will be done.

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22

Leung, Yee-wah Eva, and 梁綺華. "An exploratory study of the issues of integrating divorce mediation service into the existing judicial system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248640.

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Farias, Cleide Márcia de. "Dilemas e desafios das formas autocompositivas de resolução de conflitos : uma leitura a partir da experiência do Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=999.

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O presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir a aplicação das formas alternativas de resolução de conflitos, mais especificamente a mediação e a conciliação, bem como apontar a percepção destas figuras entre os usuários do serviço e os operadores do direito. O estudo busca ainda demonstrar que os institutos da mediação e da conciliação podem promover o direito fundamental de acesso à justiça. Objetiva ainda, constatar a maior atenção dispensada para a mediação e a conciliação realizada em processos em trâmite por parte das estruturas de poder na esfera jurisdicional. Para este fim apresenta estudos que demonstram o modelo legislativo utilizado no país para a implantação e aplicação da mediação e da conciliação. O trabalho examina a necessidade de regulamentação mais específica para orientar a conciliação e, principalmente, a mediação pré-processual. São ainda apresentados dados estatísticos e pesquisas com o objetivo de verificar o desempenho das várias formas de resolução de conflitos utilizadas no Brasil; como os usuários tomam conhecimento de sua existência e se sabem a efetiva diferença entre elas. Em relação aos procedimentos técnico-metodológicos, a pesquisa envolve um levantamento bibliográfico, constituído fundamentalmente por análise de livros, artigos de periódicos e material disponibilizados na Internet; documental, com a análise da legislação brasileira, e de outros países, acerca dos métodos alternativos de resolução de conflitos. O resultado do estudo aponta para a necessidade de uma maior divulgação da mediação e da conciliação como formas alternativas de resolução de conflitos. Informar e educar as pessoas para as formas diversas que poderiam ser utilizadas para solucionar problemas, a partir de suas próprias concepções e escolhas, dessa forma empoderando o indivíduo para decidir acerca de sua própria vida e dos seus conflitos, representando assim, um instrumento de efetivação da cidadania. This study aims to discuss the application of alternative forms of conflict resolution, specifically mediation and conciliation, and to identify the perception of these figures between service users and operators of Law. The study also seeks to demonstrate that the institutions of mediation and conciliation can promote the fundamental right of access to justice. It also aims, noticing increased attention given to mediation and conciliation held on proceeding pending by the power structures in the judicial sphere. For this purpose presents studies demonstrating the legislative model used in the country for the implementation and application of mediation and conciliation. The paper examines the need for more specific rules to guide the reconciliation, and especially the pre -trial mediation. It also presents statistical data and surveys with the objective of verifying the performance of various forms of conflict resolution used in Brazil, as users become aware of its existence and know the real difference between them. Regarding the technical and methodological procedures, the research involves a literature analysis fundamentally made from books, journal articles and available material on the Internet, documentary, with the analysis of Brazilian legislation, and other countries, about the alternative methods of conflict resolution. The result of the study shows the need for greater disclosure of mediation and conciliation as alternative forms of conflict resolution. Inform and educate people to the various forms that could be used to solve problems from their own ideas and choices, thereby empowering the individual to decide about their own lives and their conflicts, thus representing an instrument of execution citizenship.

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24

Devergne, Odile. "Expression in situ des genes de cytokines et de marqueurs cytotoxiques au cours de l'immunite a mediation cellulaire chez l'homme." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066071.

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Nous avons analyse l'etat d'activation in vivo des cellules immunocompetentes dans deux types de reaction a mediation cellulaire: la reaction d'hypersensibilite retardee (hsr), et les pathologies liees aux infections virales. Cette analyse a ete principalement realisee par l'etude, par hybridation in situ sur coupes tissulaires, de l'expression des mediateurs immuns (cytokines et mediateurs cytotoxiques). Nous avons montre qu'un profil d'expression des genes de cytokines particulier etait associe a l'hsr. Ce profil est caracterise par une expression dissociee des genes des lymphokines et des monokines, et par l'expression preferentielle des genes de l'ifn-gamma, de l'il-1beta, et du tnf-alpha au sein du granulome. Ces resultats suggerent que des sous-populations particulieres de lymphocytes et de monocytes sont recrutees et activees dans l'hsr. Nous avons montre que leur presence pourrait en partie resulter de la production locale au sein du granulome d'une cytokine chimiotactique, rantes, recrutant specifiquement les lymphocytes t cd4+memoire, et les macrophages. Dans les infections virales (ebv, vih, cmv, adenovirus, hbv), nous avons montre que quel que soit le virus implique, l'organe touche, ou le caractere, chronique ou aigue, de l'infection, une activation macrophagique presentant un profil comparable est observee. A cette activation macrophagique est associee la presence de cellules cytotoxiques. L'analyse de l'activation des cellules cytotoxiques dans les pathologies lymphoides liees au vih a montre que cette activation, presente a un stade precoce de la maladie (hyperplasies folliculaires), etait maintenue a un stade ou le deficit immunitaire est plus profond: les lymphomes du sida. Cette absence d'un defaut d'activation des cellules cytotoxiques malgre un deficit de la fonction cd4 auxiliaire suggere la participation d'un mecanisme d'activation des cellules cytotoxiques relativement independant des lymphocytes t cd4+

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25

Wilkerson, Tendai Marowa. "A comparative analysis of the intermediary systems in South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003213.

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Prior to 1990, very few countries in the world offered special protection to child witnesses interfacing with the justice system. There were no legal provisions permitting testimonial accommodations for children in court. The courtroom experience was significantly traumatic for the children. With the international focus shifting from protecting and upholding the rights of the accused in the courtroom towards a more victim-centred approach, various international and regional instruments have strongly dvocated that children deserve special protection because of their vulnerability. In order for the courts to be able to elicit accurate evidence from the child without further traumatizing the child, research has shown that the child needs assistance. An intermediary may be defined as a person who facilitates communication between the child and the courtroom in a manner that takes into account the child‟s cognitive and developmental limitations. The thesis was prompted by the need to make a contribution to the currently limited body of literature on the intermediary systems in South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia by investigating how the systems can be improved and sustained in a way that helps to protect the child witness in court. Despite the problems the South African courts have had in identifying the appropriate interpretation of its intermediary legislation, the country emerges as a clear leader for the steps it took by creating a positive legal framework within which child protection issues are addressed and introducing the concept of the intermediary. This concept proved to be an inspiration to its neighbours, Namibia and Zimbabwe. The influence of the South African intermediary legislation is evident in the Namibian and Zimbabwean legislation. Although Namibian legislators have drafted laws that permit intermediary assistance in court, there are as yet no intermediaries appointed. In Ethiopia, although there is no discernible intermediary legislation, the country has managed to establish an intermediary system. As a result of the analysis conducted, it is evident that the efficacy of the intermediary system is dependent on the presence of an enabling legislation, its clarity and ease of interpretation, the sensitisation of court role players on child vulnerabilities, the significance of intermediary assistance, and finally a government's commitment towards the implementation process.

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26

Moreno, Guerra Adrian. "Cu(0) wire-mediated SET-LRP in biphasic systems and development of stimuli cleavable polymers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670490.

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La polimerització radicalària controlada catalitzada per Cu(0) es una de les metodologies més importants en l’àmbit de les polimeritzacions radicalàries degut a seva simplicitat i la possibilitat de sintetitzar polímers amb estructures ben definides i arquitectures complexes. En aquesta mateixa línia el desenvolupament de sistemes polimèrics capaços d’encapsular i alliberar fàrmacs es una de les línies de investigació més explotades e investigades en els darrers anys, ja que millorar la solubilitat de fàrmacs hidrofòbics i alliberar-los sota la presencia de certs estímuls biològics segueix sent una tasca bastant laboriosa. El objectiu principal d’aquesta tesis es investigar la polimerització radicalària catalitzada per Cu(0) en presencia de sistemes bifàsics i tanmateix explorar el potencial i les limitacions d’aquesta metodologia per obtindré polímers amb una estructura perfectament definida. En ultima instancia l’aplicació d’aquest tipus de polimerització radicalària catalitzada i altres mètodes de polimerització seran emprats per la síntesi de polímers sensibles a certs estímuls i amb la finalitat d’encapsular fàrmacs per actuar com vehicles en l’alliberació controlada dels mateixos. La polimerización radicalaria catalizada por Cu(0) es una de las principales metodologías en el campo de las polimerizaciones radicalarias debido a su alto grado de simplicidad i la posibilidad de sintetizar polímeros con estructuras perfectamente definidas. En esta misma línea el desarrollo de sistemas poliméricos capaces de encapsular fármacos es una línea de investigación en constante desarrollo y de gran interés ya que la necesidad de mejorar la solubilidad de fármacos hidrofóbicos y liberarlos bajo la presencia de determinados estímulos de biológica relevancia sigue siendo una tarea complicada. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es investigar la polimerización radicalaria catalizada por Cu(0) en sistemas bifásicos con el objetivo de obtener polímeros con un alto grado de estructura definida. En última instancia la aplicación de este tipo de polimerización radicalaria junto con otros métodos de polimerización será empleado para el desarrollo de polímeros sensibles a ciertos estímulos de biológica relevancia con la finalidad encapsular fármacos y liberarlos de manera controlada. Cu(0)wire-catalyzed SET-LRP has been postulated as one of the most versatile LRP techniques due to its operational simplicity which enables the construction of well-defined polymers and more complex architectures. In particular, the development of polymeric materials with suitable applications for medicine (e.g. polymeric nanoparticles able to encapsulate and release drugs) is a field of growing interest since they improve the poor solubility of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous media. However, their selective delivery under the application of different biological relevant stimuli still remains challenging. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the Cu(0)wire-catalyzed SET-LRP in “programmed” biphasic systems and to explore the potential and limitations of this methodology with the ultimate goal of obtaining well-defined polymers with complex architectures and maximum end-group fidelity. Eventually, the application of biphasic SET-LRP and other polymerization techniques has been used for the synthesis of stimuli cleavage polymers and their potential application as drug delivery systems has been studied.

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27

Mejía, Madrid Renato. "The extent of labor regulation on production descentralization." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108318.

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Employment decentralization is a newly emerging phenomenon. Nowadays, many companies delegate the work to others through a decentralization of production, thus affecting the traditional view of labor relations. This has been picked up by Labor Law which has regulated labor relations arising from this decentralized production.In this article, and in the light of doctrine and the jurisprudence of the Peruvian Supreme Court, the author develops the concepts of outsourcing and job placement, as well as the requirements to which they are validly given. La descentralización laboral es un fenómenode reciente surgimiento. Hoy en día, muchas empresas delegan el trabajo a terceros mediante la descentralización productiva, afectando así la tradicional visión de las relaciones laborales. Ello ha sido recogido por el Derecho del Trabajo, el cual ha regulado las relaciones laborales que surgen a partir de esta producción descentralizada.En el presente artículo, y a la luz de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema del Perú, el autor desarrolla los conceptos de tercerización e intermediación laboral, así como los requisitos necesarios para que éstos se den válidamente.

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28

Rataj, Felicitas. "Nouvelle thérapie anti-tumorale multi-cibles basée sur la dégradation des ARNms à demi-vie courte." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV040/document.

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La formation de nouveaux vaisseaux sanguins ou angiogenèse soutient la croissance tumorale en fournissant l'oxygène et les nutriments qui lui sont nécessaires. Le rôle clé du facteur de croissance de l'endothélium vasculaire VEGF dans ce processus a suscité le développement de stratégies anti-angiogéniques pour le traitement du cancer. Cependant, des travaux précliniques et des données cliniques suggèrent l'émergence de résistances aux anti-angiogéniques, en raison notamment de la redondance des facteurs de croissance pro-angiogéniques. Il est donc nécessaire de développer des stratégies alternatives plus efficaces. En 2010, notre laboratoire a apporté la preuve de concept d'une thérapie anti-tumorale et anti-angiogénique innovante basée la dégradation des ARNm à demi-vie courte par la protéine à doigts de zinc TIS11b. Néanmoins, l'instabilité de la protéine thérapeutique a entravé la caractérisation plus détaillée de cette stratégie. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif majeur de ma thèse était l'optimisation de la stabilité et de l'activité de TIS11b et l'évaluation de son efficacité thérapeutique. Pour cela, nous avons généré une nouvelle protéine TIS11b génétiquement modifiée sur la base d'études biochimiques et moléculaires. Notamment, nous avons observé que la phosphorylation de la sérine 334 située dans le domaine C-terminal de TIS11b augmente de façon très significative la stabilité de la protéine et potentialise son activité déstabilisatrice de l'ARNm du VEGF. De plus, la délétion du domaine N-terminal augmente également la stabilité de TIS11b sans altérer son activité. Nous avons alors généré deux nouvelles protéines thérapeutiques, la protéine ZnC et la protéine ZnC334D pour laquelle la troncation du domaine N-terminal et la substitution de la sérine S334 par un aspartate mimant une phosphorylation ont été combinées. Les nouvelles protéines ont été fusionnées à une étiquette polyarginine R9 leur permettant de traverser les membranes cellulaires (R9-ZnC et R9-ZnCS334D). Nous avons montré que R9-ZnC et R9-ZnCS334D inhibent l'expression de VEGF in vitro dans la lignée de cancer du sein murin 4T1. De plus, R9-ZnCS334D exerce une activité anti-proliférative, anti-migratoire et anti-invasive dans ces cellules. In vivo, l'injection intra-tumorale de R9-ZnCS334D dans des tumeurs 4T1 préétablies inhibe significativement l'expression du VEGF, la croissance et la vascularisation tumorales. De façon remarquable, l'analyse des extraits tumoraux indique que le traitement diminue l'expression de chimiokines clés dans les processus d'angiogenèse, d'inflammation et d'invasion (Fractalkine, MCP-1, NOV, SDF-1, Pentraxin…). Enfin, R9-ZnC et R9-ZnCS334D inhibent l'expression de marqueurs de la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse, un processus impliqué dans la dissémination métastatique. L'ensemble de ces travaux indique que R9-ZnC et R9-ZnCS334D sont des molécules anti-tumorales multi-cibles, qui inhibent plusieurs étapes clés de la progression tumorale. Cette étude confirme que le ciblage de la stabilité des ARNm est une stratégie prometteuse et novatrice pour le développement de nouvelles thérapies anti-cancéreuses One of the innovative aspects of anti-cancer therapies is the possibility of preventing tumor growth by blocking blood supply. Cancer cells induce the formation of their own blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, a process called angiogenesis. One of the most important proangiogenic factors is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The success of bevacizumab (a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody) combined to chemotherapy for the treatment of human metastatic cancers has validated VEGF as an efficient target. However, despite the initial enthusiasm, resistance to these anti-angiogenic treatments resulting from compensatory mechanisms occurs upon time. For this reason, there is a real need for new anti-angiogenic drugs that will target the angiogenic process through distinct mechanisms. In 2010, our laboratory has successfully developed an anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral therapy based on destabilization of short-lived mRNAs by the zinc finger protein TIS11b. However, the therapeutic protein was highly unstable, thus making it difficult to further characterize the experimental therapy. In this context, the main task of my thesis was the optimization of TIS11b stability and activity followed by the evaluation of the multi-target action of our novel protein on tumor development. In a first part of this work, biochemical and molecular approaches allowed us to demonstrate that phosphorylation of the C-terminal serine S334 in TIS11b protein markedly increases its stability. In addition, deletion of the N-terminal domain of TIS11b highly increases its protein stability without affecting its activity. Therefore, we integrated N-terminal truncation (ZnC) and C-terminal substitution of S334 by an aspartate to mimic a permanent phosphorylation at S334 (ZnCS334D) as a novel TIS11b engineering strategy. Both proteins were fused subsequently to a cell-penetrating peptide polyarginine (R9). In vitro studies revealed that R9-ZnC and R9-ZnCS334D inhibit VEGF expression in the murine breast cancer cells 4T1. In addition, R9-ZnCS334D impaired proliferation, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth of 4T1 cells. In vivo, intra-tumoral injection of either protein significantly reduced VEGF expression and tumor vascularization. Strikingly, antibody array analyses of tumor extracts demonstrated a reduced expression of several chemokines such as Fractalkine, MCP-1, NOV, SDF-1 and Pentraxin upon R9-ZnC or R9-ZnCS334D treatment. These factors, which are produced by several cell types within tumor tissue, are key drivers of tumor angiogenesis, tumor-promoting inflammation and invasion. Furthermore, the expression of markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was also significantly reduced, suggesting an anti-metastatic effect of R9-ZnC and R9-ZnCS334D. Thus, we provide R9-ZnC and R9-ZnCS334D as potential novel multi-target agents which inhibit key hallmarks of cancer progression. This work supports the emerging link between mRNA stability and cancer and proposes novel concepts for the development of innovative anti-cancer therapies

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29

Conner, Lafe G. "Environmental and Adaptive Buffers that Mediate the Response of Subalpine Ecosystems to Environmental Change." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5913.

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This document reports the results of 4 studies of subalpine ecosystem ecology, describing ways that spatial heterogeneity in soils and plant communities mediate ecosystem responses to environmental change. Ecosystem responses to environmental change are also mediated by regional climate patterns and interannual variability in weather. In the first chapter we report the results of an experiment to test for the mediating effects of associational resistance in a forest community that experienced wide-spread beetle kill. We found that Engelmann spruce were more likely to survive a beetle outbreak when growing in low densities (host dilution) and not through other types of associational resistance that relate to higher tree-species richness or greater phylogenetic diversity of the forest community. In the second chapter we report the effects of early snowmelt on soil moisture in subalpine meadow and aspen communities. We found that soil organic matter, soil texture, and forest cover mediated the effects of early snowmelt and were more important drivers of growing-season soil moisture than was snow-free date. In the third chapter we report the effect of early snowmelt on growth and seed production of early-season and midsummer herbaceous species. We found that the primary effect that snowmelt timing had on plant growth was through its effect on species distribution. Changes in the timing of snowmelt had limited effect on the growth, flowering, and seed count of species after they were established. In the final chapter, we report the effect of early snowmelt on soil respiration, microbial biomass, dissolved organic carbon and soil organic carbon. We found that early snowmelt resulted in warmer soil temperatures compared to neighboring snow-cover plots, and that microbial biomass and soil respiration showed no signs of a snowmelt legacy effect during the growing season. Soil organic carbon in rapid and slow-turnover pools was affected more by plant community than by snowmelt timing, and the primary drivers of soil respiration during the snow-free period were first soil organic matter and second soil temperature. Taken together, this dissertation reports our findings that subalpine ecosystems are resilient to environmental change in part because organisms in these systems are adapted to environmental conditions that are highly variable between sites, seasons, and years.

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30

Lewis, Lizani. "The application and reconstruction of international law by domestic courts : an analytical framework for the judicial mediation of a cosmopolitan and emancipatory international law." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4713.

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Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references. The end-goal of this study is to promote a bottom up reconstruction of international law. This implies, first, that reconstruction is necessary, and, second, that such reconstruction has substantive merit. As humanity heads into the future in 'Lifeboat Earth', a number of global storms are brewing, ranging from catastrophic environmental degradation to an economic meltdown and political instability, accompanied by grave human suffering – all of which can be addressed only through ecumenical cooperation at a global level. This, in turn, presupposes a global system of regulation. Thus far, the only regime available has been international law. Hence, it is imperative that it is (or becomes) justifiable, persuasive and relevant for all its participants and recipients. The study construes this to mean that international law must be cosmopolitan, that is, globally relevant and counter-hegemonic, and thereby emancipatory, which signifies a normative order wherein human potential can flourish.

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31

Vivot, Kevin. "Identification des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires à l'origine de la perte précoce des îlots pancréatiques au cours de la transplantation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806576.

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De l'isolement des îlots pancréatiques à leur implantation, l'inflammation est omniprésente au cours de la transplantation d'îlots pancréatiques. Le maintien d'une inflammation contrôlée est essentiel pour préserver la survie et la fonctionnalité du greffon à court et long terme. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'identifier précisément les mécanismes inflammatoires à l'origine de la perte précoce des îlots et de déterminer des cibles thérapeutiques pour limiter ces réactions inflammatoires.Nous avons ainsi démontré que les conditions de culture induisent des réactions à l'origine du développement d'un phénotype pro-inflammatoire et pro-oxydant propre à l'îlot. Cette induction se caractérise par une élévation de la sécrétion de cytokines, de chimiokines pro-inflammatoires, une activation des voies de l'inflammation Toll-like récepteurs (TLRs)-dépendantes et une génération d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ROS). Toutefois, ce processus peut être prévenu par l'activation de l'Hème oxygénase-1 (HO-1), une enzyme anti-oxydante et anti-inflammatoire.Par l'étude des réactions inflammatoires sur un modèle animal de transplantation mimant les conditions de transplantation humaine, nous avons démontré qu'un changement des médiateurs plasmatiques de l'inflammation et du protéome hépatique s'opère 12 heures après transplantation. De plus, ces résultats sont associés à une infiltration des îlots par les cellules immunitaires qui s'organise 12 heures après transplantation. Nous avons également établi le rôle anti-inflammatoire de la rapamycine (une drogue immunomodulatrice) sur les îlots et les macrophages in vitro. Nous avons ainsi démontré que l'usage de la rapamycine avec la mise en place d'un pré-traitement des îlots et du receveur avant la greffe serait envisageable. Ces travaux ont permis de caractériser les mécanismes inflammatoires mis en oeuvre immédiatement avant et après transplantation. Ainsi, ces données offrent de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques susceptibles de prévenir et/ou limiter l'inflammation au cours de la transplantation d'îlots pancréatiques.

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32

Yale, Robert Nathan. "INSTANT MESSAGING COMMUNICATION: A QUANTITATIVE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1183663224.

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33

Borrie, N. C. "An evaluation of the use of mediation in environmental dispute resolution under s.268 of the Resource Management Act 1991." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2118.

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Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in, and utilisation of, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) techniques to resolve environmental conflicts in western societies. ADR was incorporated into one of New Zealand's main environmental statutes, the Resource Management Act 1991(RMA). Under s.268 of the RMA the Environment Court (the Court) may, if the parties agree, conduct mediation in order to facilitate settlement of resource management disputes. The RMA, which has now been in operation for ten years, gives no guidance as to the way in which mediation is to be conducted. The Court has developed procedures and processes for administering and conducting mediation. This study critically evaluates the practice of Court assisted mediation of environmental disputes under the RMA. A literature review and interviews with stakeholder groups are used in this evaluation. The study shows that mediation generates benefits for the Court and participants. It also identifies limitations with the current mediation procedures and processes. These may impact the effectiveness of participants in mediation, their satisfaction with, and support for, the mediated settlement and with the environmental outcomes. The study recommends a series of guidelines be prepared on the functions and administrative procedures of the Court and on the mediation process promoted by the Court. Further research is also recommended. It is considered that these recommendations, if implemented, will enhance the process for participants, ensure more equitable and consistent environmental outcomes, in terms of present and future generations, and retain public confidence in the mediation process.

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34

Sousa, Nayara Queiroz Mota de. "Pesquisa fenomenológica na justiça do trabalho : proposta de uma concoliação humanista." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=547.

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O Poder Judiciário exerceu uma grande influência na formação do Estado brasileiro, o que ressaltou o papel da classe jurídica dentro da sociedade. Como juristas, os magistrados tiveram uma grande influência na elaboração da estrutura e organização estatal o que lhes renderam um enorme prestígio e poder dentro do meio social. Esta característica associada à luta pela independência e profissionalização da categoria gerou um distanciamento dos juízes com os cidadãos, sendo que a formação da magistratura baseada no método cartesiano de fazer ciência, que não acompanhou as transformações sociais trazidas pela modernidade, aprofundou ainda mais este afastamento, gerando uma insatisfação com a atuação do Poder Judiciário, inclusive no ramo trabalhista. O aumento da conflituosidade provocado pelas modificações implantadas no mundo moderno exige respostas rápidas e efetivas do Poder Judiciário, como pacificador social. Neste panorama, os meios de solução de conflitos devem ser privilegiados, que além de desafogarem a máquina judiciária, resolvem a contenda no seio social. A conciliação vem sendo estimulada como melhor e mais rápida solução para as ações judiciais, portanto precisa ser aprimorada. A humanização da atuação jurisdicional se apresenta como alternativa para aproximar o Poder Judiciário do cidadão e auxiliar na missão de pacificação dos conflitos, pois promete o aperfeiçoamento da pessoa para melhor conviver em sociedade, em um momento em que o isolamento e as contradições parecem atingir o homem moderno. O presente trabalho objetivou identificar o sentido da relação estabelecida em audiência entre o magistrado e as partes, através de uma pesquisa fenomenológica existencial, utilizando como instrumento metodológico, a versão de sentido, para a coleta de dados. Os resultados e discussão demonstram que das falas dos magistrados e dos jurisdicionados emergiram eixos de significados que revelam o sentimento de cada pesquisado, inclusive com tematizações específicas dos Juízes; eixos que se comunicavam nas vivências dos reclamantes e dos reclamados e outros que são peculiares a cada parte em específico. Analisando estas unidades de significações se podem traçar conexões com a revisão da literatura que evidenciaram a necessidade de aperfeiçoar a atividade jurisdicional e promoveram uma reflexão sobre as posturas adotadas na atuação do Poder Judiciário Trabalhista da Paraíba. Conclui-se com a sugestão de uma nova perspectiva para humanizar a tentativa conciliatória, adotando os fundamentos da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa para qualificar este ato jurisdicional e implantar dentro da Justiça do Trabalho uma conciliação humanista The Judiciary has exercised a great influence on the formation of the Brazilian state, which emphasized the role of the judicial profession in society. As jurists, the judges had a great influence in developing the structure and the state organization that earned them enormous prestige and power within the social environment. This feature associated with the struggle for independence and professionalism of the category generated a distance of judges with the public, and training for the judges based on the Cartesian method of doing science, which not accompanied the social changes brought by modernity, has enlarged this distance, generating a dissatisfaction with the performance of the Judiciary, including the labor sector. The increased conflictuality that caused by the changes implemented in the modern world requires rapid and effective responses of the judiciary, social as peacemaker. In this scenario, the means of conflict resolution should be privileged, that beyond the Judiciary of relief, resolve the dispute within society. Reconciliation has been promoted as the best and quickest solution to the lawsuits, so they need to be improved. Humanizing is an alternative approach to the judiciary of the citizen and helping in the mission of pacifying the conflict, for it promises the improvement of the person to cope better in society, in a time when the isolation and the contradictions seem to reach the modern man. This study aimed to identify the direction of the relationship between the judge and the parties, through an existential phenomenological research, using as a methodological tool, the version of meaning, to collect data. Results and discussion show that the speech of judges and parties of the axes of meanings emerged that reveal the feelings of each search, including specific thematizations Judges; axes that are communicated in the experiences of the parties and others axes which are peculiar to each part in particular. Analyzing these units of meaning they can trace connections to the literature review, highlighting the need to improve the judicial activity and promote a reflection on the postures adopted in the Judiciary of the Paraiba. This Search concluded by suggesting a new perspective to humanize the conciliatory attempt, taking the fundamentals of the Person Centered Approach to qualify and deploy the conciliation within the Judiciary proposing the conciliation a humanist

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35

Koh, Kok Chuan. "Modeling Alcohol Consumption Using Blog Data." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271843/.

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How do the content and writing style of people who drink alcohol beverages stand out from non-drinkers? How much information can we learn about a person's alcohol consumption behavior by reading text that they have authored? This thesis attempts to extend the methods deployed in authorship attribution and authorship profiling research into the domain of automatically identifying the human action of drinking alcohol beverages. I examine how a psycholinguistics dictionary (the Linguistics Inquiry and Word Count lexicon, developed by James Pennebaker), together with Kenneth Burke's concept of words as symbols of human action, and James Wertsch's concept of mediated action provide a framework for analyzing meaningful data patterns from the content of blogs written by consumers of alcohol beverages. The contributions of this thesis to the research field are twofold. First, I show that it is possible to automatically identify blog posts that have content related to the consumption of alcohol beverages. And second, I provide a framework and tools to model human behavior through text analysis of blog data.

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36

Sauge, Valerie. "Examen de la specificite du traitement des conflits familiaux." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20026/document.

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Le droit de la famille est une vaste matière en constante évolution. Son histoire démontre que ce contentieux n’est pas facile à traiter. Depuis le XVIIème siècle, notre législateur a essayé par différents procédés d’apporter la meilleure réponse au conflit familial. Le tribunal de famille était composé de membres de la famille ou de voisins. Les juristes étaient totalement évincés de cette juridiction durant la Révolution française, et ont progressivement réapparu, pour anéantir cette juridiction au début du XIXème siècle. Le divorce et la filiation bénéficièrent également des changements de la société et connurent de nombreuses réformes. Les guerres mondiales du XXème siècle et la libéralisation de la femme ont amené les professionnels du droit à créer la chambre de la famille composée de juges habilités au traitement des divers conflits familiaux. Cette expérience conduit notre législateur a créer un juge spécialisé en la matière et notamment dans le divorce. Ses pouvoirs se développent en 1993 le remplaçant par le juge aux affaires familiales chargé de l’examen des conflits familiaux, en fonction des compétences qui lui sont confiées. Cependant, ce contentieux restant important, il se trouve dépassé. C’est ainsi que le législateur a introduit la médiation familiale, confiée au médiateur familial. Notre législateur utilise la procédure afin de trouver la meilleure solution au traitement de ces conflits familiaux. Actuellement, la commission Guinchard a soumis plusieurs propositions faisant l’objet de diverses lois intégrées dans notre droit français de la famille pour accroitre les compétences de ce juge et développer les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits The family law is a vast subject which is in constant evolution. His history reveals that is litigation is not easy to treat. Since the XVIIth century our legislator tried different systems to bring the best solution to the familial litigation. The Family Court (tribunal de famille) was composed of persons who belong to the family in dispute, or of neighbors. Jurists were completely absent of this jurisdiction during the French Revolution. Finally, citizens realized that jurists were necessary in order to have a justice respecting each one’s rights. It disappeared at the beginning of the XIXth century. The divorce law and filiation law followed changes of the society and knew some reforms. The World Wars of the XXth century and the women’s liberation movement bring up jurists to create the family chamber (chambre de la famille) which is composed of judges who know families disputes. This experience was taken our legislator to invent a judge who is specialized in this subject and especially in the divorce. His powers were developed in 1993 with the “juge aux affaires familiales” who is charged to analyze family’s disputes which are in his competences. But this litigation is always to important and this judge doesn’t have enough time to treat it in a reasonable time, That’s why the legislator integrated into our legal system the familial mediation which is directed by a familial mediator. Our legislator uses the legal term to find the best solution to this litigation. Recently the Commission Guinchard is proposed some ideas which are legalizing in our French family law according more powers to this judge and developing alternative dispute resolutions

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Pernin, Vincent. "Les anticorps anti-HLA au cours du rejet à médiation humorale : rôle de la répartition des sous-classes et de la glycosylation des anticorps." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT029.

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Le rejet à médiation humorale (ABMR) est aujourd’hui reconnu comme la première cause de perte du greffon rénal au-delà de la première année. Les anticorps anti-HLA spécifiques du donneur de novo (DSAdn) sont le facteur de risque principal d’ABMR après transplantation rénale. Ils sont au centre des mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués au cours de cette pathologie. Cependant, l’évolution clinique après la détection d’un DSAdn est extrêmement hétérogène suggérant que tous n’ont pas la même pathogénicité. Plusieurs caractéristiques des DSAdn ont été identifiées comme étant associées à un risque plus élevé d’ABMR ou de perte du greffon comme la « force » des anticorps (évaluée par la MFI au test Luminex Single Antigen), leur capacité à fixer et activer la voie classique du complément et la détection d’une sous-classe IgG3. Dans ce travail de thèse, j’ai étudié le rôle de la répartition des différentes sous-classe IgG et du profil de glycosylation des DSA au cours de l’ABMR, grâce à la mise au point d’une technique innovante basée sur la spectrométrie de masse.Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence que les DSA étaient toujours composés des quatre sous-classes d’IgG mais avec une répartition variable selon les patients. La distribution des sous-classes des DSA était différente de celle des IgG totales avec plus d’IgG1, plus d’IgG3, plus d’IgG4 mais moins d’IgG2. Une proportion élevée d’IgG3 (>6.4%) était significativement associée à la présence d’un ABMR, à la sévérité histologique de l’ABMR avec plus de dépôts de complément et plus d’inflammation de la microcirculation (glomérulite et capillarite péri-tubulaire) et au déclin du débit de filtration glomérulaire, indépendamment des autres caractéristiques du DSA, en particulier de la valeur de MFI.Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous avons montré pour la première fois une association entre le profil de glycosylation des DSA et le risque d’ABMR. Le groupe de patients présentant un ABMR avaient des DSA dont les sous-classes IgG1 et IgG3 exhibaient un profil de glycosylation pro-inflammatoire associant une plus faible galactosylation des IgG1, une plus faible sialylation des IgG3 et une proportion plus élevée de GlcNAc en position bissectrice. L’hyposialylation des IgG3 semble un facteur prometteur pour prédire du risque d’ABMR. Ces résultats ouvrent aussi potentiellement la voie à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques qui sont particulièrement attendues, l’efficacité des thérapeutiques utilisées actuellement étant souvent décevante Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is now recognized as the leading cause of graft loss beyond the first year. De novo donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAdn) are the main risk factor for ABMR after kidney transplantation. However, the clinical course after the detection of a DSAdn is extremely heterogeneous, suggesting that not all DSA have the same pathogenicity. Several characteristics of DSAdn have been identified as being associated with a higher risk of ABMR or graft loss such as the “strength” of the antibodies (evaluated by the MFI in the Luminex Single Beads Antigen test), their ability to activate the classical complement pathway and the detection of IgG3 subclass. In this work, we studied the role of the DSA subclasses distribution and the DSA glycosylation profile in ABMR occurrence and graft outcomes. For this, we developed an innovative method for DSA characterization based on mass-spectrometry.In the first part of this work, we highlighted that the DSAs were always composed of the four IgG subclasses but with a variable distribution. The distribution of subclasses was specific to DSA with more IgG1, more IgG3, more IgG4 but less IgG2 compared to total IgG. A high proportion of IgG3 (> 6.4%) was significantly associated with ABMR occurrence and with ABMR severity (more complement deposition and more microvascular inflammation) and with the decline of the glomerular filtration rate, independently to other DSA characteristics, in particular the MFI value.In the second part of this work, we showed for the first time an association between the glycosylation profile of DSA and the risk of ABMR. DSA from ABMR+ patients exhibited a pro-inflammatory glycosylation profile, associating a lower galactosylation of IgG1, a lower sialylation of IgG3 and a higher proportion of bisecting GlcNAc. Hyposialylation of IgG3 appears to be a promising factor in the ABMR risk prediction. These results also potentially pave the way to new therapeutic strategies which are particularly expected, the effectiveness of current therapies often being disappointing

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38

Mouzaki, Dionysia. "La médiation des différends civils en droit de l'Union Européenne et ses incidences sur les droits français, anglais et grec." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3021.

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Aujourd’hui l’Union européenne favorise la règlementation de la médiation par une démarche générale sous la directive n° 2008/52/CE sur certains aspects de la médiation en matière civile et commerciale et par une démarche sectorielle sous la directive n° 2013/11/UE relative au règlement extrajudiciaire des litiges de consommation et le règlement n° 524/2013/UE en ligne des litiges de consommation. Cette tendance législative apparaît comme une exigence d’améliorer l’accès à la justice en réduisant son coût, sa lenteur et sa complexité. La question qui se pose est de savoir dans quel cadre juridique la médiation facilite la résolution amiable des différends ainsi que l’accès à la justice en réduisant le déséquilibre qui caractérise les rapports juridiques, dès lors qu’on écarte la protection juridictionnelle. La réponse appelle l’analyse de la règlementation de la médiation dans le droit de l’Union européenne et dans les droits nationaux examinés. Le droit de l’Union implique que les États membres prennent les mesures nécessaires pour l’application correcte d’une directive (article 288 § 3 TFUE) ; l’application du droit de l’Union européenne devant être assurée sous le respect des principes d’équivalence et d’efficacité. Comment cela peut-être garantie ? La réception du droit de l’Union européenne a contribué à atténuer les ambivalences préexistantes autour du concept de la médiation et a ainsi facilité la mise en place d’une référence commune à la médiation, si elle n’a pas permis une transposition homogène. Dans les trois systèmes étudiés la médiation se manifeste globalement en tant que « phénomène conventionnel », mais qui se situe au carrefour du droit substantiel et processuel. Si l’entier du processus s’exprime de manière conventionnelle, la convention de médiation, acte fondateur du processus, relève d’une dimension duale, à la fois conventionnelle et processuelle Quelle sera la liaison future entre médiation et justice traditionnelle ? La volonté de ne plus laisser la règlementation de la médiation au domaine privé, mais de lui réserver une place centrale dans les règles étatiques parait claire dans les trois systèmes nationaux. Cette « processualisation » de la médiation conduira-t-elle à l’émergence d’« un droit à la médiation » ? Quel rôle contient désormais le droit d’accès au juge (article 6 § 1 Convention EDH et 47 de la Charte européenne des droits de la Charte des droits fondamentaux) autour du développement législatif de la médiation ? Les réponses nécessitent l’analyse du régime qui donne accès à la médiation et du cadre processuel qui garantit l’accomplissement « légitime » de son processus. Le développement opportun de la médiation exige que les personnes qui assurent sa mise en œuvre puissent justifier d’une formation sérieuse en la matière, ainsi qu’un statut fiable pour inciter les intéressés d’y recourir. Quel est le statut du médiateur ? La comparaison des droits nationaux nous permettra d’envisager le meilleur modèle régulateur pour encadrer les compétences du tiers intervenant. Mais un système de médiation réellement efficace s’est traduit par un aboutissement efficace. Comment se valorise-t-il l’ « accord amiable », l’issue négociée en droit, voire en résolution extrajudiciaire d’un différend ? Y a-t-il un contrôle de légalité de l’accord issu de la médiation et si oui, comment ce contrôle se manifeste-t-il ? Les réponses relèvent de l’analyse du régime de l’accord issu de la médiation With regard to the Directive n° 52/2008CE of the European Parliament and the Council of 21 May 2008 in certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, as well as the Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC also the Regulation (EU) n°524/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council of 21 May 2013 on online dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC (Regulation on consumer ODR), this thesis examine the main lines for the development of mediation set out by the European Union. How the tendency to develop mediation within Europe, represented by the directive the European texts above has been reflected in the three legal systems examined? How mediation works in systems where law is rigid and its infringement is being severely sanctioned (civil law applied in France and Greece) and how does it work in common law (applied in the United Kingdom)? Mediation law is nowadays largely presented as a flexible way to avoid court’s costs, longevity and complexity. But should it be integrated in procedural law as a kind of complementary justice within the courts? Can positive law, courts and amiable dispute resolution cooperate in an effective manner? An effective cooperation of public justice and mediation could be of major importance for the improvement of procedural law, as access to justice is not always guaranteed. Public justice has not always being successful, since the severe application of law has been proven unable to create a social and dynamic legal system. Thus, it often cultivates “bitterness” against judicial adventure. In this regard, mediation promises a profound change in the way of settling disputes. However, the idea of a “private” justice based in contract law does not go without mistrusts. The imbalance between the parties is usually obvious in contract law and fosters the strongest party. The question then is to know if a secure legal framework of mediation based on the particularities of national legal systems could facilitate its proper implementation. The main concept of the thesis is to present a legal structure of mediation combined by the European law’s directives and their implementation in the three national laws. But the nature, the process, as well as the relation of mediation with courts are examined in parallel with the conformity of mediation in the article 6 § 1 of the European Convention of Human Rights, the fundamental right of a public hearing by a tribunal

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39

Leahey, Lucie. "Engagement paternel en situation de rupture conjugale et de contestation de garde." Thèse, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/102.

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R??sum?? : Le pr??sent essai doctoral vise ?? d??finir les facteurs de risque ou de protection de l???engagement paternel chez les p??res ayant eu recours ?? la m??diation ordonn??e (Mo) et ?? l???expertise psychosociale (Exp). L?????tude de 222 dossiers l??gaux et la r??alisation de 22 entrevues repose sur une approche exploratoire dont les donn??es quantitatives et qualitatives ont ??t?? recueillies de fa??on ponctuelle (entrevues) et en r??trospective (analyse des dossiers). Cet essai pr??sente ?? notre connaissance des donn??es originales. L'analyse des tendances d??mographiques nomm??e ?? analyse populationnelle dynamique ?? et les donn??es qui en sont issues sont appel??es ?? donn??es populationnelles ??. Elles tracent un portrait des p??res qui tient compte du contexte social dans lequel ils ??voluent et situent les ??chantillons sur la courbe normale ou selon le crit??re ??valu??. Cette m??thode d'analyse soutient avantageusement le mod??le ??cologique de Bronfenbrenner (1979). Les r??sultats indiquent qu???au-del?? des proc??dures de cour, le facteur de risque le plus important ?? l???engagement paternel est la difficile communication avec l???ex-conjointe appel??e ?? communication d??gradant le lien parental ?? dont les deux piliers sont la d??pr??ciation et l'obstruction. Le conflit qui oppose les parents est de longue dur??e et se prolonge parfois sur une d??cennie. Cette intensit?? de conflit discrimine le profil des p??res utilisant la m??diation ordonn??e de celui des p??res utilisant la m??diation volontaire. ?? ce conflit sont associ??s des co??ts psychologiques chez les p??res et leur famille, mais ??galement des co??ts financiers attribuables ?? la longueur des proc??dures de cour. Ces co??ts constituent ??galement un facteur de risque tout comme les caract??ristiques des couples pr??sentant des ??carts d?????ge, de valeurs et de culture. Les recommandations de l???expertise et les ententes de la m??diation ordonn??e ont un effet de courte dur??e sur le conflit qui oppose les parents. Les p??res per??oivent l???expertise comme un facteur de protection de leur engagement, car leur capacit?? parentale y est reconnue et les recommandations que contiennent les expertises influencent les d??cisions de la cour. La capacit?? des p??res ?? valoriser leur r??le parental et les strat??gies utilis??es pour contrer une communication d??nigrante sont ??galement des facteurs de protection. De ces constats se d??gage une s??rie de recommandations visant tant la recherche que les interventions cliniques. // Abstract : This doctoral essay seeks to define the risk or protective factors of paternal involvement among fathers who have recourse to court-ordered mediation (Mo) and custody assessment (Exp). An examination of 222 legal cases and the 22 interviews which were conducted is based on an approach that is exploratory (both quantitative and qualitative), case-by-case (interviews) and retrospective (case-file analysis), which to our knowledge is innovative in many ways. The analysis of demographic trends called "population-based dynamic analysis", while the data derived from it are called "population-based data". They paint a portrait of fathers that takes into account the social context in which they find themselves and place the samples on a normal curve or in accordance with the criterion being evaluated. This method of analysis favorably supports Bronfenbrenner???s ecological model (1979). The results indicate that beyond court procedures, the most significant paternal-involvement risk factor is difficult communication with the ex-wife, called "communication detrimental to the parental relationship", which is based on two major pillars: depreciation and obstruction. These pillars present a conceptual affinity with parental alienation, negative co-parenting and restrictive gatekeeping. The conflict between the parents is long-lasting, sometimes extending over a decade. This conflict intensity distinguishes the profiles of fathers using court-ordered mediation from those using voluntary mediation. Psychological and financial costs for the fathers and their family associated with the length of court procedures constitute a risk factor as well, as do the characteristics of couples of differing ages, values and cultures. Court custody assessments and court-ordered mediation have a short-term effect on parental conflict. However, fathers perceived court custody assessments as a protective factor for their paternal involvement because their parenting ability is thus recognized and recommendations contained in the assessments influence court decisions. The ability of fathers to enhance their parenting role and the strategies they use to counter derogatory communications are also protective factors. These findings result in a series of recommendations aimed both at research and clinical interventions.

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40

Wojcieszak, Eric. "Construction de la matière scolaire "sciences et technologie" par les enseignants de l'école élémentaire : points de vue infradisciplinaire." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30048/document.

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Ce travail de thèse interroge la construction par les enseignants de l’école élémentaire de la matière « sciences et technologie » qui recouvre diverses configurations de l’éducation scientifique et technologique. La variabilité curriculaire de l'éducation scientifique à l'école élémentaire et la diversité des enseignants sont en contraste avec la tendance d'uniformisation des pratiques d'enseignement prescrites et recommandées. Ce travail de thèse porte alors sur la manière dont s'actualise cette tension entre diversité des contenus pris en charge par des enseignants eux-mêmes très divers, d'une part, et prescriptions et recommandations tendant à uniformiser les pratiques d'enseignement d'autre part. Un point de vue didactique est mobilisé pour analyser les pratiques d'enseignement déclarées et effectives. Ce travail de thèse se situe dans une approche compréhensive et exploratoire et est organisé selon une étude de cas multiples. L'analyse des pratiques déclarées et effectives montre que les enseignants construisent deux types de contenus, d’une part des contenus de connaissances et d’autre part des contenus de pratique scientifique ; que la démarche d’investigation est construite de deux manières, l’une cumulative où c’est l’enseignant qui dirige la construction des savoirs pas à pas, l’autre où l’enseignant laisse d’avantage l’élève construire les savoirs selon son propre cheminement. L’analyse de la pratique effective montre que les médiations des enseignants varient selon les contenus et impliquent, plus particulièrement, deux types d'engagement des élèves dans l'activité (élèves chercheurs / élèves trouveurs). Dans le cadre d'un dispositif d'accompagnement des enseignants (l'ASTEP), nous mettons en évidence un partage des rôles caractérisé par une distinction marquée tant par le temps et l’espace occupés que par les types de médiations didactiques mobilisés par l'enseignant et l'accompagnateur My thesis questions the construction of their subject by "Science and Technology" teachers. This designation, in elementary school, covers various configurations of science and technology education. The curricular variability of science education in elementary school and the diversity of the teaching team contrast the trend towards uniformity of prescribed and recommended teaching practices. Our thesis thus focuses on how this tension develops, on the one hand in the diversity of contents under the responsibility of very diverse teachers and, on the other hand, the prescriptions and recommendations tending to standardize the teaching practices. A didactic point of view has been mobilized for the analysis of declared and actual teaching practices. This thesis is based on a comprehensive and exploratory approach and it is organized according to a multiple case study. The analysis of the declared and actual practices shows that teachers construct two types of contents: on the one hand, knowledge contents and, on the other hand, contents of scientific practice. The inquiry approach is constructed in two ways, one cumulative in which the teacher directs the construction of knowledge step by step, the other when the teacher lets the students construct their knowledge along their individual progress. The analysis of actual practice shows that teacher mediations vary according to the content and, more particularly, they involve two types of student commitment in the activity (research students / finder students). From the interaction between content and context of the teaching practice, within the framework of a system of teacher support (ASTEP), we highlight a sharing of roles characterized by a distinction based as much on time and space as on the types of didactic mediations mobilized by the teacher and their assistant

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41

Cardona, Villegas Claudia Cecilia. "Vers un dispositif hybride autonomisant pour les futurs enseignants de FLE en Colombie. Expérimentation dans une classe de licence de langues vivantes à l’université d’Antioquia." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA065/document.

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Les technologies de l’information et la communication constituent actuellement un défi pour l’éducation en Colombie. La plupart des institutions éducatives, encouragée par le Gouvernement, savent qu’il faut les inclure dans leurs programmes. Cependant, il existe encore une forte réticence qui repose principalement sur la méconnaissance de la part des enseignants.Cette thèse en didactique de langues et cultures essaie de montrer à travers la présentation d’un cours hybride (combinaison de séances en présentiel avec des séances à distance ou virtuelles), que les technologies de l’information et la communication en éducation (TICE) peuvent apporter des bénéfices dans une licence en langues vivantes totalement en présentiel dans une université colombienne. Dans cette université publique, qui donne priorité aux jeunes à faible condition économique, de nombreux étudiants doivent travailler pendant leurs études. C’est pour cette raison qu’un cours en semi-présentiel diminue le temps d’assistance en classe et favorise la formation intégrale en promouvant le développement de l’autonomie. L’autonomie est une condition indispensable dans cette modalité éducative. Plusieurs disciplines telles que la sociologie, l’histoire, la didactique et la pédagogie ont convergé, à travers des outils et des données, vers cette thèse. Des questionnaires, des entretiens, des cahiers de bord des étudiants et des registres sur la plateforme, où le cours a été hébergé, ont permis d’observer comment quatorze (14) étudiants ont découvert et ont vécu une expérience, qui peut contribuer à modifier positivement les attitudes des nouvelles générations d’enseignants envers les TICE. En ce qui concerne l’autonomie, une légère progression est constatée, mais ce doit être encore amélioré, car en tant que processus, cette compétence demande plus de temps. La médiatisation et la médiation, deux composantes indispensables de tout dispositif en ligne, dépendent de tous les facteurs qui déterminent le contexte : étudiants, contenu du cours, horaire, niveau d’autonomie des étudiants, objectifs institutionnels et personnels, le professeur/tuteur… Information and communication technology (ITC) is currently a challenge for education in Colombia. Most educational institutions, encouraged by the Government, know that they must include it in their programs; however, there is still a strong resistance to ITC due mainly to teacher´s lack of knowledge.This dissertation in language and culture didactics intends to show how a blended course of in-class and online teaching benefits foreign language programs in Colombian universities. At the University of Antioquia, a public university, priority is given to young people with low income who have to work while studying. It is for this reason that a blended course reduces the time to support and promote the integral formation of students by developing autonomy. Autonomy is an essential feature of this educational modality.Through the use of similar tools and data, several disciplines such as sociology, history, didactics and pedagogy converged in this dissertation. Questionnaires, interviews, students’notebooks and class recordings allow observing how fourteen (14) students discovered and lived this experience which could contribute to change to a more positive attitude in the new generations of teachers towards ICT. Student’s autonomy slightly increased as evidence by the tools used and the data gathered but it must be further improved because it is a skill that takes long to develop. Mediatisation and mediation, two indispensable components of any online device, depend on all the factors that determine the context: students, course content, schedule, level of student autonomy, institutional and personal goals, the teacher / tutor Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación constituyen actualmente un reto para la educación en Colombia. La mayoría de las instituciones educativas, impulsadas por el Estado, no ignoran que deben incluirlas en sus programas. Sin embargo, todavía hay una fuerte resistencia que obedece principalmente al desconocimiento de la parte de los docentes.Esta tesis en didáctica de lenguas y culturas trata de mostrar a través la presentación de un curso híbrido (caracterizado por combinar las sesiones de clase presenciales con sesiones a distancia o virtuales), que las tecnologías de la comunicación y la información en educación (TICE) pueden aportar beneficios a una licencia en lenguas extranjeras en modalidad presencial en una universidad Colombiana. Se trata de una universidad pública que favorece a los jóvenes estudiantes con dificultades económicas, donde muchos de ellos deben trabajar durante su formación universitaria.Es por esta razón que un curso semi-presencial disminuye el tiempo de asistencia a clases y favorece la formación integral al promover el desarrollo de la autonomía. La autonomía es un factor indispensable en esta modalidad educativa.Algunas disciplinas como la sociología, la historia, la didáctica y la pedagogía convergieron a través de los instrumentos y los datos obtenidos en esta tesis. Cuestionarios, entrevistas, cuadernos de campo de los estudiantes y registros en la plataforma, donde se desarrolló el curso, permitieron observar como catorce (14) estudiantes descubrieron y vivieron una experiencia que podría contribuir a modificar en ellos las actitudes de las nuevas generaciones de docentes hacia las TICE. En lo que concierne la autonomía, se pudo constatar una ligera progresión, pues como proceso, esta competencia requiere de tiempo. La mediación y la mediatización son dos componentes indispensables de todo dispositivo en línea que dependen de todos los factores que determinan el contexto: estudiantes, contenido de los cursos, horario, nivel de autonomía de los estudiantes, objetivos institucionales y personales, profesor/tutor…

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Handy, Andrea Renee. "Acute Toxicity and Immunotoxicity Testing of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Aquatic and Terrestrial Organisms." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1185910580.

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Bercovitz, Rémi. "Paysage, médiation paysagère et "bon état écologique" de la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise : mener une enquête historique pour fonder un projet partagé (XVIIIème -XXIème siècles)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30051/document.

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Notre recherche doctorale propose, sur la base des résultats d’une expérimentation menée dans la haute vallée de la Sèvre niortaise, une contribution à la théorisation de ce que pourrait être une pratique paysagiste de la médiation environnementale par le paysage. A l’initiative de ce travail se trouve l’interrogation formulée par le Conseil Général des Deux-Sèvres quand aux modalités et aux dispositifs qui pourraient favoriser une « gestion intégrée » de la ressource hydrique et de l’aménagement des cours d’eau. Le questionnement du CG79 intervient alors que les politiques publiques en la matière se réordonnent autour d’une stratégie de « restauration écologique » comprise comme un retour à un état avant « perturbations anthropiques ». A rebours de ces conceptions fondées sur l’image d’une nature menacée par l’homme, nous proposons d’aborder la problématique environnementale et celle des politiques associés dans leurs irréductibles hybridités socio-écologiques ainsi que dans leurs multiples échelles spatio-temporelles. Or pour penser la question environnementale et l’action en la matière comme un objet complexe, les sociétés ont besoin d’objets intermédiaires. Par ce terme, on entend tous les moyens matériels et conceptuels employés dans l’action collective pour diagnostiquer, se coordonner et agir. L’hypothèse fondatrice de notre recherche est que le paysage peut, à condition de se doter de méthodes, constituer un objet intermédiaire entre société et environnement. On considère en effet le paysage comme un reflet des relations socio-écologiques qui offre la possibilité de se représenter le complexe environnemental et de l’inscrire à la croisée des expertises et des logiques d’acteurs. Dans cette perspective, nous parlerons de médiation paysagère. Ce paysage-reflet, toutefois, n’est pas donné d’avance. La première tâche de la médiation paysagère est de le construire et de le faire exister comme tel aux yeux de la communauté humaine concernée. Pour ce faire, la connaissance scientifique joue un rôle de premier plan. Loin d’être un obstacle à la délibération et à la concertation, elle doit au contraire activer un processus de décryptage, et d’interprétation collective. Dans cette perspective, la singularité de notre démarche est d’inscrire au cœur de la médiation une recherche historique qui en constitue la « ressource cognitive » Any water policy oscillates between multiple vocations - social, environmental, economic, patrimonial - and arouses frequent controversies. It deploys itself according to sectorized actions, to contradictory interests and to different social representations. Today, the confliction about river landscapes re-organizes itself around a new purpose promulgated by the Water Framework European Directive: reach the " good ecological state " in 2015. Therefore, the rearrangement of the intentionality of the action is the context of my doctoral research. This one approaches the landscape at the same time as object of the knowledge and as decision-making tool. I postulate, that in front of the diversity of the social expectations and in front of the multiplicity of the objectives to be seized by the decision-makers, it is important to be able to refer to a frame integrator of reflection and action. The landscape constitutes for me this frame. In this perspective, it is envisaged as a tool of mediation capable of bringing a new "socio-territorial contract". The hypothesis of the landscape mediation thus constitutes the horizon of my contribution, which presents the methodological foundations of an approach which, applied to the case of the river landscapes of the Sèvre niortaise, is leaned on the construction and the sharing of an historical knowledge Toda política del agua oscila entre preocupaciones y vocaciones múltiples – sociales, ambientales, económicas, patrimoniales… - y suscita frecuentes controversias. Con ella se ponen en marcha acciones sectorizadas en las que participan diferentes actores con intereses contradictorios y sistemas de representación social bien diferenciados. Hoy en día, los conflictos en relación con los paisajes del fondo del valle se reorganizan alrededor de un nuevo objetivo promulgado por la Directiva Marco Europea del Agua : alcanzar el « buen estado ecológico » de los ríos en el año 2015. Es en este contexto de cambio en las políticas del agua en el cual se basa mi investigación doctoral, en la cual se aborda el paisaje a la vez como objeto de conocimiento e instrumento de ayuda en las decisiones. Se postula que frente a la diversidad de las esperas sociales y los múltiples objetivos a tener en cuenta por los responsables de la gestión del agua, es importante poder referirse a un marco integrador de reflexión y acción. Para mi, el paisaje constituye este marco. En esta perspectiva, el paisaje se contempla como una herramienta de mediación capaz de construir un nuevo «contrato social y territorial ». La hipótesis de la mediación a través del paisaje constituye el horizonte de esta tesis, que presenta los fundamentos metodológicos de un procedimiento que, aplicado al caso de la Sèvre niortaise, se apoya en el hecho de construir y compartir conocimientos históricos

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Reboul, Lucie. "La construction de parcours de travail en santé et en compétences : le rôle des régulateurs dans la médiation des parcours de travail des personnels au sol d'une compagnie aérienne." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC016.

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Cette recherche se déroule auprès des personnels au sol et de leur encadrant dans une compagnie aérienne. Elle vise à rendre compte, dans une approche ergonomique, des processus de fragilisation ou de construction des parcours de travail de ces salariés dans un contexte de transformations multiples et continues (digitalisation de la relation de service des agents de service au client, flexibilités interne et externe des équipes de bagagistes, vieillissement démographique d’ensemble, etc.). Cette thèse poursuit l’hypothèse que le travail des régulateurs (encadrant de premier niveau en charge de l’affectation des tâches sur les plannings des personnels au sol) est médiateur dans la construction des relations santé/travail des personnels au sol en étant vecteur de parcours-usure ou de parcours-construction. Elle mobilise des outils méthodologiques propres à la démographie du travail et à l’ergonomie de l’activité, en combinant des approches diachronique (mise au jour de temporalités multiples ayant des dimensions individuelle, collective et gestionnaire) et synchronique (articulation ou tension entre ces temporalités dans l’activité). Les résultats révèlent la multiplicité des indicateurs de santé et leurs temporalités que mobilisent les régulateurs pour organiser le travail, les stratégies de prévention individuelles et collectives élaborées au fil de leur expérience et le rôle des contraintes temporelles dans les possibilités de les mettre en œuvre This research is carried out with ground staff and their supervisors in an airline company. It aims to report, from an ergonomic approach, on weakening or construction’s processes of these employees’ work paths in a context of multiple and continuous transformations (digitalization of the service relationship of customer service agents, internal and external flexibility of baggage handler teams, overall demographic ageing, etc.). This thesis pursues the hypothesis that the work of regulators (firstlevel managers in charge of assigning tasks to ground staff schedules) mediates the construction of health/work relations between ground staff by being a vector of the path wear and tear or path construction. It mobilizes methodological tools specific to the demography of work and the ergonomics of the activity, by combining diachronic (revealing multiple temporalities with individual, collective and managerial dimensions) and synchronic (articulation or tension between these temporalities in the activity) approaches. The results reveal the multiplicity of health indicators and their temporalities mobilized by regulators to organize work, the individual and collective prevention strategies developed in the course of their experience and the role of temporal constraints in the possibilities of implementing them

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Bossu, Adeline. "Système d'action agile et dispositif interculturel numérique : le cas du MOOC Pas à Pas du projet ECO." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30027.

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Cette recherche propose d’étudier, avec une approche systémique, les dynamiques organisationnelles et relationnelles de collectifs étendus et médiés dans un dispositif numérique interculturel de formation à distance, le MOOC. Elle s’appuie sur un cas unique et inédit, le MOOC PàP à Pas, du projet européen ECO (24 partenaires hétérogènes entre Allemagne, Espagne, France, Italie, Pays-Bas, Portugal et Royaume-Uni) dont l’objectif est de produire des sMOOC (social MOOC) et de former à la création de ressources éducatives numériques. Dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, cette recherche-action tente d’apporter des éléments d’appréhension et d’interprétation des adaptations du système d’action face à cette complexité. Elle s’interroge sur 1/ les influences des interactions médiées et des choix organisationnels et relationnels, 2/ les modes de gestion agile et interculturelle et 3/ les leviers d’interopérabilité qui favorisent ces dynamiques relationnelles et la pérennisation du système. Les résultats font apparaître de nouveaux phénomènes de structuration et d’intégration des systèmes de sens (l’interculturaction agile) avec de nouvelles formes d’accords (arrangements intercréatifs). Ils tiennent compte des besoins d’horizontalité et d’intégration d’acteurs hétérogènes, qui capitalisent sur les leviers d’interopérabilité numérique que sont l’ouverture, l’e-présence et la médiation, ainsi que sur le répertoire de communs. Agilité, interculturalité et interopérabilité sont les conditions nécessaires d’une appropriation et d’un transfert réussis This research proposes to study, with a systemic approach, the organizational and relational dynamics of extended and mediated collectives in an intercultural digital distance learning system, the MOOC. It is based on a unique and unprecedented case, the MOOC PàP à Pas, of the European project ECO (24 heterogeneous partners from Germany, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom) whose objective is to produce sMOOCs (social MOOC) and to train in the creation of digital educational resources. In an interdisciplinary perspective, this action-research attempts to provide elements for apprehending and interpreting the adaptations of the action system in the face of this complexity. It examines 1/ the influences of mediated interactions and organizational and relational choices, 2/ agile and intercultural management methods, and 3/ the levers of interoperability that promote these relational dynamics and the sustainability of the system. The results reveal new phenomena of structuring and integration of sense-making systems (agile interculturalism) with new forms of agreements (intercreative arrangements). They take into account the need for horizontality and integration of heterogeneous actors, who capitalize on the levers of digital interoperability that are openness, e-presence and mediation, as well as on the repertoire of commons. Agility, interculturality and interoperability are the necessary conditions for successful appropriation and transfer

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Aires, Neto Abilio Wolney. "Princípio da Razoável Duração do Processo: contribuição ao desenvolvimento de legislação e medidas que o levem a efeito." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2641.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ABILIO WOLNEY AIRES NETO.pdf: 1818311 bytes, checksum: 2c88d17cd63dd5cf393a12535ad19234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 The present study aims at the analysis of Constitutional Amendment No. 45/2004, which entered the principle of reasonable duration of the process within the fundamental guarantees assured to each individual and is insculpido in item LXXVIII of art. 5, of the Constitution of 1988, in view of the judicial protection must be effective, timely and appropriate. It is seen that this issue is of paramount importance, since the introduction of the term reasonable in adjudication as a constitutional principle brings a commitment of the state to the citizen in order to give greater effectiveness to the process and ensure the fundamental right of access to justice . To reach this conclusion, we used literature search, legislative, administrative and judicial, with theoretical frameworks in several authors, starting with Barroso and converging into arguments which support the applicability of this Amendment, from a historical analysis (ontological) and evaluative (axiological). Then, there was the jurisprudential research on the subject in the main Brazilian courts, celing in the Superior Courts, to then undertake a comparative analysis with the bibliographic material. The importance of the principle stands out as a precondition for full citizenship in Democratic States of law, guaranteeing citizens the realization of their rights are constitutionally guaranteed. The principles of speed and duration of the process should be applied with observation of the principles of reasonableness and proportionality, ensuring that the process does not extend beyond the reasonable deadline, nor will compromise other principles such as defense and full of contradiction. It is certain, however - and for the benefit of people who need an effective justice - that Constitutional Amendment 45/04 (which among other novelties inserted explicitly the principle of reasonable duration of the process) seeks to reform the judiciary means for ensuring that become more agile and stronger, which is essential in a society like ours so devoid of enforcing rights to citizens. The current concern guiding procedures and the right to a speedy and effective duration of the process, summons us to an analysis of the role of the National Council of Justice - CNJ and programs, like the "Update" in the Goiás FONAJE and Process Judicial E-EO, as these tools, among others, that result in responses necessary for today's social and economic problems. On the other hand, alternative means of conflict resolution, complementary to the formal judicial process, even because of its informality and adaptability, suggest the solution many cases, in the antechambers of mediation and conciliation (consensus building). It would be a paradigm shift, erecting alternative model judicialization as a counter-archetype adjunct to mitigate the culture of demanda.Daí the idea of the Courts or adoptive Forums Multiport as promoting integrative means for the settlement of disputes. The traditional process would be for more complex cases, adapting to the American experience to our reality, given the similarity. O presente estudo tem por objeto a analise da Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004, que inseriu o princípio da razoável duração do processo dentro das garantias fundamentais asseguradas a cada indivíduo e está insculpido no inciso LXXVIII, do art. 5º, da Constituição Federal de 1988, na perspectiva de que a tutela jurisdicional deve ser efetiva, tempestiva e adequada. Vê-se que tal questão é de suma importância, vez que a introdução do prazo razoável na prestação jurisdicional como princípio constitucional traz um compromisso do Estado para com o cidadão a fim de dar maior efetividade ao processo e garantir o direito fundamental de acesso à Justiça. Para chegar a essa conclusão, utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa, administrativa e jurisprudencial, com marcos teóricos em diversos autores, iniciando-se com Barroso e confluindo para argumentos que sirvam de suporte à aplicabilidade da referida Emenda, a partir de uma análise histórica (ontológica) e valorativa (axiológica). Em seguida, foi feita a pesquisa jurisprudencial relativa ao tema nos principais tribunais brasileiros, máxime nos Tribunais Superiores, para então proceder a uma análise comparativa com o material bibliográfico. A importância do princípio se destaca como pressuposto para o exercício pleno da cidadania nos Estados Democráticos de Direito, garantindo aos cidadãos a concretização dos direitos que lhes são constitucionalmente assegurados. Os princípios da celeridade e da duração do processo devem ser aplicados com observação aos princípios da razoabilidade e da proporcionalidade, assegurando que o processo não se estenda além do prazo razoável, nem tampouco venha comprometer outros princípios como o da plena defesa e do contraditório. É certo, porém e para benefício da população que necessita de uma justiça efetiva que pela Emenda Constitucional 45/04 (que dentre outras novidades inseriu expressamente o princípio da duração razoável do processo) procura-se reformar o Poder Judiciário garantindo meios para que se torne mais ágil e fortalecido, o que é fundamental em uma sociedade como a nossa tão carente da efetivação de direitos aos cidadãos. A preocupação atual que norteia os procedimentos e o direito a uma rápida e eficaz duração do processo, nos convoca a uma análise do papel do Conselho Nacional de Justiça CNJ e de Programas, a exemplo do Atualizar , em Goiás do FONAJE e do Processo Judicial Eletrônico PJE, estes como ferramentas, dentre outras, que resultam em repostas necessárias aos problemas sociais e econômicos hodiernos. De outro lado, os meios alternativos de solução dos conflitos, complementares ao processo judicial formal, em razão mesmo da sua informalidade e adaptabilidade, sugerem a solução de muitos casos, nas antecâmaras de mediação e conciliação (consensus building). Seria uma mudança de paradigmas, erigindo alternativa ao modelo de judicialização como um contra-arquétipo coadjuvante para mitigar a cultura da demanda.Daí a idéia adotiva dos Tribunais ou Fóruns Multiportas, como promoção de meios integrativos para a solução das controvérsias. O processo tradicional ficaria para os casos de maior complexidade, adaptando-se a experiência norteamericana à nossa realidade, dada a similitude.

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47

Schmitt, Daniel. "Expérience de visite et construction des connaissances : le cas des musées de sciences et des centres de culture scientifique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802163.

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Pouvons-nous saisir, comprendre et décrire l'expérience de visite dans un musée ? Cette étude aborde l'expérience des visiteurs à partir d'une perspective énactive comme ce qui fait sens du point de vue du visiteur dans le cours de sa visite. Les principaux résultats portent sur une méthode d'investigation originale dans le champ muséal qui autorise un nouveau point de vue sur l'expérience des visiteurs dans les musées. Nous montrons que l'analyse du cours d'expérience réalisée à partir d'un entretien en re-situ subjectif permet de décrire et de comprendre les unités élémentaires de l'expérience des visiteurs, ainsi que l'expérience globale de visite avec précision, finesse et profondeur. Nous mettons en évidence les actions et les cheminements cognitifs des visiteurs qui concourent à la construction de leurs connaissances et nous proposons des cours d'expérience typiques aux visites de musées.

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Zeng, Ren-Yong, and 曾仁勇. "The Study on Improvement of Court Mediation Quality in Taichung District Court." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x2s55y.

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碩士 東海大學 公共事務碩士在職專班 104 ABSTRACT The advanced countries, such as the USA, UK and Japan, all place a high value on the meditation system because the judgment made by a court can’t do the same as this system does on reducing lawsuits, keeping a good relationship between the disputed parties, or solving the disputes at one time in an economic way. This fact is as real as the brightness of sunrise and the darkness of sunset. Accumulating the experiences and studies at all times and in all countries, we find this is undoubted and eternal truth. Since every country increasingly values this system, we must not lose a minute to set up a sound meditation system for upgrading court’s meditation quality. Being a researcher, I probed into the topic “Upgrade court’s meditation quality”, and hoped that a meditation procedure made by court could perfectly solve the disputes between the disputed parties. If meditation is sustained on a basis that two parties have unbalanced on interest, meditation cannot solve the disputes at one time, the contents of the meditation is difficult to carry out, a sustained meditation brings more disputes, the outcome of meditation cannot maintain a good relationship between the disputed parties, or the meditation hurts their feeling, it is poor quality meditation. A case study on Taiwan Taichung District Court from 2005 through 2014, this court won the champion for the 8th consecutive year on juridical meditation (Judicial Weekly, the 1738th issue). Taiwan Taichung District Court is a more typical case. The subjects of this study include the chief of court, judicial officers and the mediators who actually participated in the meditation affairs, and the disputed parties who actually participated in the meditation. They were the subjects of in-depth interview because they had incisive and representative views, and would be able to offer us some essential factors on upgrading meditation quality. By collection, arrangement, discussion and analysis on the research documents, this research attempted to understand the viewpoints of upgrading meditation quality and the development of meditation system in Taiwan and foreign advanced countries in order to get and apply the relevant theories and knowledge. An in-depth interview of qualitative research was employed to understand and interpret the essential factors which upgraded the quality of court meditation. I expect this article may provide the court with reference material when the court selects mediators (meditation members/committeemen) and meditation laws, and let the people further believe that the court meditation is the first choice which can actually solve their disputes. They don’t need to wait till the lawsuit day comes.

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Xin, Jianhong. "Court mediation in China : time for reform." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11020.

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This thesis focuses on the current court mediation institution in China against the worldwide movement of alternative dispute resolution in searching for more consensual and more efficient ways of resolving disputes. When the West is seeking more informality-oriented forms of dispute resolution, China, on the other side of the world, is making great efforts to improve its formal justice system rather than conventional means of dispute resolution like mediation. This thesis attempts to identify the role court mediation has played in Chinese legal history, to explore its current functions, to examine the rationale underlying the system, and to suggest its future reform. The economic analysis of law, particularly Posner's economic analysis of civil procedure and the Coase Theorem, and the ideas of Rawls' theory of justice provide theoretical underpinnings for this study. A review of these classical theories is conducted from the perspectives of efficiency and fairness. Although it is generally understood that both efficiency and fairness cannot be equally achieved by a legal policy, a good one should be concerned with both efficiency and fairness. The article concludes that the balance between efficiency and fairness should be presented in an optimal court mediation form. China's court mediation has remained an important means of dispute resolution, but left much to be improved. The author argues that the current court mediation is not as successful as it declares; it is, in fact, neither efficient nor just. The existing law governing court mediation does not provide a clear function and purpose for court mediation, nor does it consider the efficiency and fairness of court mediation. In practice, although it remains the dominant position in resolving disputes, it is merely a substitute for adjudication rather than a substantive alternative dispute resolution. By analyzing the current allocation of cases for different dispute resolutions, the author suggests that considering the overloaded court caseloads and the lack of a variety of alternative dispute resolutions in today's China, court mediation should be preserved, but thoroughly reformed, as a more acceptable and efficient means of resolving disputes. Upon its reform, this conventional means of dispute resolution with Chinese characteristics will play a positive role in the future.

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HSIAO, TA-I., and 蕭達益. "Mediation of Labor Disputes in Taiwan's Court: A Case Study of Taichung District Court." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m5r3v4.

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碩士 國立中正大學 勞工關係學系碩士在職專班 106 Abstract In order to resolve the dispute between the parties promptly and properly, the Judicial Yuan, in addition to continuing its efforts to promote conciliation in the courts, also actively expands or strengthens the function of the court's dispute handling mechanism （Alternative Dispute Resolution, ADR）, and hope to establish a wide range of dispute resolution channels to reduce the source of litigation and improve the quality of justice. The labor dispute in our country is mediated by the statutory labor administrative organ (that is called “administrative mediation”). If the mediation is not tenable, the disputing parties may give up continuing striving for their rights because of factors such as too little requested amount , the facts and reasons asserted are not clear and insufficient evidence, besides, litigation will cause much energy and time to be wasted and pay more money. It’s probably that the parties choose to take a judicial approach to the proceedings, before the court to prosecute or after the prosecution, and both are likely to come into contact with the court conciliation proceedings (that is called “court mediation”). In the study, lots of problems are found clearly different from the form of mediation with the court, like, the design of Mediation Committee of Administrative Mediation is improper、the validity of doubts of inability of the responsible authorities to send the mediation trails to the court to determine, the application for conciliation to fill in the omission of the careless, the recognition between the mediator in the labor administrative organs and in the civil society mediation are different, the civil society mediation environment and the results of effectiveness are recognized improper and so on. Including problems like, the recruitment of lawyers or lawyers from Legal Aid Foundation of the parties to the mediation of the court , judicial scalpers and trying reconciliation of judges are also discussed in the study are related to the effect of mediation. The results of this study hope that the Ministry of Labor will make full use of the organization function of the current Township Mediation Committee to strengthen the mediation effectiveness of labor disputes,and suggest the Court shall have exclusive conciliation procedure and the Professional Mediation Committee with the labor law knowledge quality to improve the mediation effectively. Based on the administrative mediation of labor dispute is also an important part of the judicial institution, , the present mediation system still has some shortcomings and deficiencies, so the Court should provide relevant judicial resources and support assistance, so that administrative conciliation can be more effective to reduce litigation. Key words: ADR, labor dispute, court mediation, administrative mediation.

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