Bibliografías temáticas / Diffusion hydroxide

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Diffusion hydroxide"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Diffusion hydroxide"

Ngo, Hung Xuan, and Bulgakov B. I. "Determining the diffusion coefficient of Ca(OH)2 in concrete with age in an artificial seawater environment." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 65, no. 5 (2024): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2024.65(5).08.

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Concrete structures exposed to marine environments, which contain high levels of Cl- and SO42- ions, accelerate the diffusion process of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), particularly in tidal zones due to the combined effects of carbonation and mechanical erosion from waves. The characteristic feature of the diffusion process of calcium hydroxide in concrete within marine environments is the diffusion coefficient of calcium hydroxide (k). This study involves an experiment to determine the calcium hydroxide content in concrete submerged in water containing 5% NaCl. Experimental results were combine

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Zelovich, Tamar, and Mark E. Tuckerman. "OH− and H3O+ Diffusion in Model AEMs and PEMs at Low Hydration: Insights from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics." Membranes 11, no. 5 (2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050355.

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Fuel cell-based anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are considered to have great potential as cost-effective, clean energy conversion devices. However, a fundamental atomistic understanding of the hydroxide and hydronium diffusion mechanisms in the AEM and PEM environment is an ongoing challenge. In this work, we aim to identify the fundamental atomistic steps governing hydroxide and hydronium transport phenomena. The motivation of this work lies in the fact that elucidating the key design differences between the hydroxide and hydronium diffusion mechanisms wil

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Mizrachi, S., and M. Hunger. "Proton diffusion in calcium hydroxide." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 6 (1990): 1499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/6/009.

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Piana, Tatiana Dantas, Maria de Fátima Malvar Gesteira, Erica Dos Santos Carvalho, et al. "Evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide combined to different vehicles." Revista Odonto Ciência 31, no. 2 (2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6532.2016.2.21522.

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Objective: To evaluate the potentiating effect of different substances in antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide.Methods: The agar diffusion method, was used with well technique, to analyze seven substances associated to calcium hydroxide to make some pastes, they are: chlorexidine, saline, anesthetic, malvatricin, propolis, hypochlorite, paramonochlorophenol.Results: The pastes with malvatricin and paramonochlorophenol presented greater inhibition zones against Enterococcus faecalis.Conclusion: There was potentialization in antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide when associated to param

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Zelovich, Tamar, and Mark E. Tuckerman. "(Invited) First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Investigations of Proton and Hydroxide Transport in Model Anion-Exchange- and Proton-Exchange Membranes in Nanoconfined, Low-Hydration Environments." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 45 (2023): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01452473mtgabs.

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Fuel cell-based anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have considerable potential as cost-effective, clean energy conversion devices. However, a fundamental atomistic understanding of the hydroxide and hydronium diffusion mechanisms in AEM and PEM environments is an ongoing challenge. In recent years, nano-confined structures have been exploited in the study of cost-effective and reliable polymer architectures for electrochemical devices. In this study, first-principles molecular dynamics simulations are employed to investigate the influence of the water distribu

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Leaist, Derek G., and Betty Wiens. "Interdiffusion of acids and bases•HCl and NaOH in aqueous solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 5 (1986): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-169.

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Stokes magnetically stirred diaphragm cells have been used to measure interdiffusion of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution at 25 °C. Expressions are developed to estimate ternary diffusion coefficients for these mixtures. The analysis reveals sharp discontinuities between the diffusion properties of HCl-rich and NaOH-rich mixtures. Although the diffusion coefficients are sensitive to concentration, accurate analytic approximations for rates of interdiffusion can be obtained by averaging coefficients along the diffusion path. When HCl and NaOH interdiffuse, proton-couple

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Valerii, Kotok, and Kovalenko Vadym. "DEFINITION OF THE INFLUENCE OF OBTAINING METHOD ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NI (OH)2 POWDERS." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 12 (97) (2019): 21–27. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.156093.

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Four types of hydroxide were chosen for the study. Two of them were synthesized using the industrial method and are used in alkaline batteries. The other two nickel hydroxide powders were synthesized according to the method described in modern literature. The first hydroxide was synthesized using the hydrolytic method from a solution of nickel salt and urea. The other was synthesized from a solution containing a mixture of nickel and aluminum salts in a 4:1 ratio and was precipitated with a solution of alkali. As a result, all chosen hydroxide powders differ in physico-chemical parameters: str

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Német, Norbert, Hugh Shearer Lawson, Masaki Itatani, et al. "A Non-Autonomous Amphoteric Metal Hydroxide Oscillations and Pattern Formation in Hydrogels." Molecules 30, no. 6 (2025): 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061323.

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Oscillations in animate and inanimate systems are ubiquitous phenomena driven by sophisticated chemical reaction networks. Non-autonomous chemical oscillators have been designed to mimic oscillatory behavior using programmable syringe pumps. Here, we investigated the non-autonomous oscillations, pattern formation, and front propagation of amphoteric hydroxide (aluminum (III), zinc (II), tin (II), and lead (II)) precipitates under controlled pH conditions. A continuous stirred-tank reactor with modulated inflows of acidic and alkaline solutions generated pH oscillations, leading to periodic pre

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Jacobson, Aaron J., Gregory D. Smith, Rallming Yang, and Sujit Banerjee. "Diffusion of sulfide into Southern pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) particles and chips." Holzforschung 60, no. 5 (2006): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.082.

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Abstract Sulfide diffusion into wood has a rapid reversible component and a much slower irreversible component. During the initial reversible phase, sulfide is unable to diffuse into parts of the wood structure, probably because of charge exclusion. The diffusion of hydroxide and sulfide into saturated wood was imaged by immersing chips in white liquor, splitting them open and then imaging the hydroxide and sulfide profiles. Sulfide moves into the interior of the chip at a faster rate than hydroxide does because it is prevented from entering some of the pores and must move deeper into the chip

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Leaist, Derek G. "Moments analysis of restricted ternary diffusion: sodium sulfite + sodium hydroxide + water." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 11 (1985): 2933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-486.

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Ternary diffusion coefficients can be determined from restricted-diffusion experiments by evaluating zeroth and first time moments of the difference in a concentration-dependent property measured at two levels along the diffusion column. The method is used to determine ternary diffusion coefficients for aqueous sodium sulfite + sodium hydroxide solutions from conductance measurements. It is shown that these data can be analyzed to obtain the ternary diffusivity of sulfur dioxide in strongly alkaline solutions where sulfite is the major transporting species for the sulfur dioxide component. At

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Tesis sobre el tema "Diffusion hydroxide"

Vidal, David. "Développement et évaluation de nouveaux séparateurs pour les batteries Nickel-Zinc." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1273.

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Les batteries nickel-zinc offrent des performances qui répondent aux exigences du stockage d'énergies renouvelables intermittentes. De plus, par rapport aux batteries lithium-ion, cette technologie est sûre, hautement recyclable et le zinc est un métal abondant. Dans ces batteries, les électrodes sont séparées par un séparateur polymère qui limite la diffusion des zincates de l'électrode de zinc vers celle de nickel tout en favorisant le transfert des ions hydroxyde. Cependant, la durée de vie de ces séparateurs limite actuellement les performances de la batterie. Il existe donc un besoin crit

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Chen, Yuanxin. "POLYMER MEMBRANES FOR FLUE GAS CARBON CAPTURE AND FUEL CELL APPLICATION." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440069742.

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Gao, Yang. "Low-temperature removal of hydrogen chloride from flue gas using hydrated lime as a sorbent." Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175884147.

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Giordano, Gabriela Furlan 1990. "Modificação de eletrodos com óxido/hidróxido de níquel e acoplamento em sistema de difusão gasosa para a determinação de etanol em amostras de vinho de cana-de-açúcar." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248390.

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Orientador: Lauro Tatsuo Kubota<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giordano_GabrielaFurlan_M.pdf: 2251330 bytes, checksum: a6853decc37a3f82817a0457cc141778 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um sistema eletroquímico capaz de detectar e quantificar etanol presente em amostras de vinho de cana-de-açúcar. Três métodos de modificação de eletrodo de níquel foram estudados visando à obtenção das espécies Ni(OH)2/NiOOH.

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Quienne, Pascale. "Mécanisme de coagulation-floculation de la silice colloi͏̈dale par les hydroxydes de fer : étude par diffusion aux petits angles des rayons X." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2024.

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Meyer, Michaël. "Synthèse et propriétés d'organisation de particules plaquettaires d'hydroxyde de nickel dispersées par voie électrostatique." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066386.

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Ayturk, Mahmut Engin. "Synthesis, annealing strategies and in-situ characterization of thermally stable composite thin Pd/Ag alloy membranes for hydrogen separation." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042307-012951/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.<br>Keywords: composite Pd and Pd/Ag membranes, alloying, Pd/Ag barrier, intermetallic diffusion, bi-metal multi-layer BMML deposition, electroless plating kinetics, high temperature x-ray diffraction, aluminum hydroxide surface grading, porous sintered metal supports, hydrogen separation. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 279-296 ).

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Savanier, Marc. "Guides d'ondes AIgaAs oxydés pour la conversion de fréquences optiques." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077120.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement des savoir-faire technologiques nécessaires à la réalisation de sources paramétriques intégrées émettant dans l'infrarouge. Pour cela, les guides d'ondes biréfringents AlGaAs/AlOx considérés, grâce à leur forte non linéarité quadratique et à la maturité des techniques de fabrication, se révèlent être un choix pertinent. La fabrication et la caractérisation d'un convertisseur de fréquence de ce type, conçu pour la conversion paramétrique descendante d'une pompe à 775 nm en paires de photons à 1550 nm, nous a permis de démontrer une efficacité de co

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Maurey, Christophe. "Etude expérimentale de la stabilisation et du soufflage des flammes de diffusion turbulentes suspendues." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES001.

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Ce travail porte sur l'étude expérimentale de la stabilisation et du soufflage des flammes de diffusion turbulentes suspendues au-dessus d'un injecteur. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons utilisé la fluorescence induite par laser sur le radical OH, pour effectuer une étude paramétrique et statistique sur les hauteurs et les rayons d'accrochage de la flamme suspendue. Les résultats ont montré que le comportement moyen de la flamme, est lié aux mouvements des grosses structures dans le jet turbulent. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons couplé la fluorescence induite par laser sur l

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Laaziz, Ilham. "Etude de l'hydrolyse d'alkoxydes de titane et de zirconium par réaction d'estérification." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20280.

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Ce travail decrit l'etude de l'hydrolyse d'alkoxyde de titane, de zirnonium et de leur melange par reaction d'esterification. Les differents produits obtenus sont des sols, cristaux, gels ou precipites. Ces differentes phases ont ete caracterisees par l'intermediaire de techniques spectroscopiques (ir, rmn), par analyse thermique (atg, atd) ainsi que par diffusion des rayons x aux petits angles, diffusion de la lumiere et thermoporometrie. La resolution structurale des trois composes cristallins: ti#6(o#ipr)#8(oac)#8o#4, zr#6ti#3(opr)#1#6(oac)#8o#6, zr#9(o#npr)#1#8(oac)#6o#6 a permis de precis

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Diffusion hydroxide"

Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of hydrogen (1); water (2); potassium hydroxide (3)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_1785.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of oxygen (1); water (2); potassium hydroxide (3)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_1804.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of oxygen (1); water (2); sodium hydroxide (3)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_1805.

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Santos, Diogo M. F., and César A. C. Sequeira. "Chronoamperometric Determination of Diffusion Coefficients for Borohydride Anions in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions." In Diffusion in Solids and Liquids III. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-51-5.583.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of carbon dioxide (1); water (2); potassium hydroxide (3)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_1765.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of carbon dioxide (1); water (2); sodium hydroxide (3)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_1766.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of sodium hydroxide (1); carbon dioxide (2); water (3)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_1782.

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Atamanov, Meiram, Tolganay Atamanova, Azamat Taurbekov, and Zulkhair Mansurov. "Electrochemical Performance of Biomass-Derived AC and CNTs-Based Supercapacitors." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7505-1.ch009.

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This study investigates the electrochemical performance of activated carbon (AC) derived from two biomass sources, rice husk (RH) and walnut shell (WS), utilizing two activation methods: chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and physical activation with carbon dioxide (CO2). The aim is to evaluate the potential of these bio-derived carbon materials in energy storage applications, particularly for supercapacitors. The electrochemical behavior of the activated carbon electrodes was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) techniques, along with

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Otieno, Winstone Ochieng, Kevin Otieno Okoth, and Gerald Wachira Mbugua. "Sea Shell-Based Biochar for Efficient Fluoride Remediation." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8257-8.ch011.

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Inequity in an access to safe drinking water results in negative impacts on education, health, and safety. This chapter examines the effective remediation of fluoride contamination in surface water by the use of biochar, a natural and renewable biomaterial derived from seashells. The capacity of the biomaterial to adsorb fluoride ions is enhanced by the high selectivity and surface porosity of the seashell-derived biochar. The biomaterial made from seashells has a lot of calcium carbonate, which can be converted to calcium oxide. The oxide has proved to have a potent affinity for fluoride ions

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Diffusion hydroxide"

Hoffmeister, Hans. "Modelling the Effects of Crevice Geometry and Oxygen on Crevice Corrosion of Pure Chromium at Constant pH and Various Chloride Contents." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02194.

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Abstract In a recent paper a crevice corrosion model for pure chromium was presented aiming at basic understanding of the local corrosion mechanism in an already deoxygenated crevice with a given geometry. The time stepwise calculation of chromium dissolution was based on arbitrarily selected levels of initial corrosion potential and slopes of the cathodic polarization curve at the open surface in contact with the bulk liquid. As a basic feature, the anodic polarization slopes inside the crevice were controlled by the mass of precipitated chromium hydroxide which was thermodynamically calculat

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Knudsen, Ole Øystein, George Clapp, Jan Van Bokhorst, and Graeme Duncan. "Corrosion of Cathodically Polarized TSA in Subsea Mud at High Temperature." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4196.

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Abstract Thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) is not immune to corrosion when polarized by sacrificial aluminium anodes. However, the corrosion rate is usually rather low due to a protecting surface oxide on the TSA, keeping the TSA passive. A certain cathodic reaction rate is found on the TSA, producing hydroxide. This hydroxide is a potential threat to the TSA, since aluminium is not passive in alkaline environments. When the TSA is exposed to seawater the hydroxide may be transported away from the TSA surface by diffusion and convection, and the pH is maintained within the passive range. Howev

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Bennett, Jack, Thomas Turk, and Robert F. Savinell. "Mathematical Modeling of the Effects of Current Flow Through Concrete." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94285.

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Abstract A mathematical model was developed to predict the movement of ions resulting from the flow of direct current through concrete. The model is based on applying a differential mass balance and incorporating flux equations based on dilute solution theory. Electrochemical reactions establish flux equations which determine the boundary conditions at the electrode surfaces. The model was used to predict the effects of different variables on the development of chloride and hydroxide concentration profiles. Variables examined include chloride concentration, chloride distribution, pH, temperatu

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Hsu, T. C., B. J. Wiersma, P. E. Zapp, and J. A. Pike. "Practical Guidelines for Small Volume Additions of Uninhibited Water to Waste Storage Tanks." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95433.

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Abstract Allowable volumes of uninhibited water additions to waste tanks are limited to volumes in which hydroxide and nitrite inhibitors reach required concentrations by diffusion from the bulk waste within five days. This diffusion process was modeled conservatively by Fick’s second law of diffusion. The solution to the model was applied to all applicable conditions which exist in the waste tanks. Plant engineers adapted and incorporated the results into a practical working procedure for controlling and monitoring the addition of uninhibited water. Research, technical support, and field engi

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Schmidt, Diana, Mathias Galetz, and Michael Schütze. "Improvement of the Oxidation Behavior of Ferritic-Martensitic Steels in Water Vapor Containing Environments." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01725.

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Abstract Modern heat resistant ferritic-martensitic steels are of great interest as superheater materials in fossil fuel power plants or as material for interconnectors in solid oxide fuel cells. The environments of such applications contain high amounts of water vapor, which is known to promote the formation of the volatile chromium species CrO2(OH)2 leading to insufficient oxidation resistance of 9% Cr-steels in such atmospheres. Results pertaining to the enrichment of manganese and chromium in metal subsurface regions without altering the bulk phase are presented. The formation of protectiv

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Bender, S., J. Goellner, A. Heyn, and S. Schultze. "Application of Material Specific Testing on Magnesium Alloys Using Electrochemical Noise." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07372.

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Abstract The corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloys is not substantially comparable to other light metal alloys, it is more similar to that of steels. Voluminous reaction products, formed in neutral electrolytes, leads to a diffusion controlled dissolution on the surface of the underlying magnesium alloy. Therefore, influences from structure and alloying are suppressed very strongly. In alkaline environments, passivation occurs as a result of the formation of a hydroxide layer on the magnesium surface. Therefore, differences in the corrosion behaviour between the alloys are hardly detectable.

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Charvin, Stephanie, William H. Hartt, Seungkyoun Lee, and Rodney G. Powers. "Influence of Premeability Reducing and Corrosion Inhibiting Admixtures in Concrete upon Initiation of Salt Induced Embedded Steel Corrosion." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00802.

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Abstract While the utility of permeability reducing and corrosion inhibiting admixtures in concrete for forestalling the onset of corrosion initiation is generally recognized, there remains a general non-availability of long-term data upon which quantitative performance projections can be made. Of particular concern is that, while the rate of chloride ingress may be less for high performance concretes with pozzolanic admixtures compared to ordinary Portland cement concretes, the threshold chloride concentration for passive film breakdown and onset of active corrosion has been projected to be l

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Turnbull, Alan. "Environment Assisted Cracking of Steam Turbine Steels - Modelling of Crack Chemistry." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01237.

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Abstract A mathematical model has been developed to predict the chemistry and electrochemistry in a crack in a steam turbine disc steel exposed to an external environment of low conductivity water of varying pH and chloride concentration. The model incorporates mass transport by diffusion and ion migration, anodic and cathodic reactions in the crack, hydrolysis reactions in solution, and precipitation of ferrous hydroxide. The potential drop external to the crack was also evaluated with attention given to the influence of a condensate layer. The compression of the field lines to a thin liquid

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Hu, R., M. Habashi та J. Galland. "Hydrogen Embrittlement on α-Iron in High Alkaline Environment". У CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94250.

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Abstract The partial pressure of hydrogen in concrete’s pore is very low. This hydrogen is due to the chemical reaction between the silica fumes and the alkaline solutions filling the concrete’s pore. Silica fumes are added in the concrete to increase its compression resistance. According that the hydrogen pressure is low, the risk of hydrogen embrittlement is also low. However, for constructional works destined to endure more than 50 years, is this risk negligible? To answer this question, we have studied the hydrogen embrittlement on α-iron in alkaline solutions, in the pH range 9.5 to 13.3,

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Kouril, Milan, Vojtech Hybasek, Matej Reiser, Sarka Msallamova, Ivona Sedlarova, and Jiri Nemecek. "Microstructural and Transport Properties Changes in Blended Cement Concrete Resulting from DC Treatments." In CONFERENCE 2023. NACE International, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19124.

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Abstract Direct electrical current (DC) is used in several ways for its healing effect in reinforced concrete structures. In long-term application, it is used for cathodic protection (CP), both in preventive and remedial mode. DC applied for a short time is used for electrochemical chloride extraction. In all cases, the DC current induces migration of chlorides from the cathodic reinforcement to the surface anode. The passage of current through wet concrete induces the transport not only of chloride but also of other ions such as hydroxides or calcium and sodium ions. This can cause local conc

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Informes sobre el tema "Diffusion hydroxide"

Environmental Assessment for the sale of excess lithium hydroxide stored at the Oak Ridge K-25 Site and the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173192.

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