Bibliografías temáticas / DSM-III

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "DSM-III"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 25 de abril de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "DSM-III"

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Swartz, Conrad M. "DSM-III and DSM-III-R". Archives of General Psychiatry 46, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1989): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810040087014.

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Winokur, George. "DSM-III and DSM-III-R-Reply". Archives of General Psychiatry 46, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1989): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810040087015.

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Reich, James H. "Instruments Measuring DSM-III and DSM-III-R Personality Disorders". Journal of Personality Disorders 1, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1987): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1987.1.3.220.

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Waterhouse, Lynn, Lorna Wing, Robert Spitzer y Bryna Siegel. "Pervasive developmental disorders: From DSM-III to DSM-III-R". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 22, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1992): 525–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01046326.

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Wright, Gene. "From DSM-III-R to DSM-IV". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 29, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1990): 836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199009000-00030.

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Calache, Michael J. "From DSM-III-R to DSM-IV". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 29, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1990): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199009000-00032.

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Shaffer, David y Magda Campbell. "From DSM-III-R to DSM-IV". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 29, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1990): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199009000-00033.

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Geiger, Steve M. "DSM-III-R Tutorial". Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 22, n.º 1 (abril de 1989): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481756.1990.12022911.

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Scheff, Thomas J. "DSM-III field trials". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 31, n.º 8 (agosto de 1986): 633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025007.

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Werry, John S. "In Memoriam—DSM-III". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 27, n.º 1 (enero de 1988): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198801000-00022.

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Tesis sobre el tema "DSM-III"

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SUARATO, JEAN-PIERRE. "Essai sur une nosographie sexologique : a propos de la classification proposee en 1980 par l'american psychiatric association (d.s.m. iii) ; la sexologie medicale aux confins de la psychiatrie et de la medecine organique". Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20124.

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Vainer, Juana Luisa. "Consistency of lifetime DSM III diagnoses in alcoholic respondents". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26166.

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This study explored: (1) The test-retest reliability of DSM III lifetime diagnoses in 69 active alcoholic subjects interviewed twice, before entering treatment and 4 weeks later with the computerized format of the DISSI (derived from the NIMH-Diagnostic Interview Schedule). (2) The stability of psychiatric diagnoses yielded by both interviews as influenced by subjects' age, gender, current level of psychological distress and current toxic status. Poor agreement (Kappa values below 0.5) was found for panic disorder (k = 0.337) and phobic disorder (k = 0.477) while generalized anxiety disorder and depression/dysthymia presented only fair agreement (k = 0.658 and k = 0.696 respectively). Current levels of psychological distress assessed by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-58 (HSCL-58) was found to predict the risk of inconsistent reports. Contrary to expectations abstinence did not significantly influence the report of symptoms; neither did the age or gender of the respondents. Levels of self-perceived psychological distress may influence the recall of past symptom experiences among alcoholics and thus affect the reliability of lifetime reports in this population.
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Culuko, Gayle Diane. "Epidemiological classification of the DSM-III-R for bulimia". Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2767.

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The purpose of this study is to operationalize the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia. This study shows how the lack of DSM-III-R quantification results in high within-group sample variability for bulimic symptomatology and greatly reduces the validity of research outcomes. The study problem for this research is: How can the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia be measured and quantified in order to procure a more valid sample of bulimics for research and treatment? The first DSM-III-R criterion for bulimia is: "Recurrent episodes of binge eating." This criterion was operationalized using the Binge Eating Quiz and by calculating the mean daily binge caloric consumption of 108 female subjects who met the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia. The second DSM-III-R criterion for bulimia is: "A strong feeling of lack of control over eating behavior during the eating binges." This criterion was operationalized by administering the Eating Attitude Test to 108 individuals who met the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia. The third DSM-III-R criterion for bulimia is: "The person regularly engages in either self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, strict dieting or fasting, or vigorous exercise in order to prevent weight gain." Of these several purging variables, the one most commonly used by bulimics in this study (N = 108), and in all previous research studies was self-induced vomiting. Self-induced vomiting was measured by giving 108 female subjects devices to be attached to their toilets in order to measure vomit in cubic centimeters. The fourth DSM-III-R criterion for bulimia is: "Persistent overconcern with body shape and weight." This criterion was operationalized by a test designed and tested by this researcher, the Body Image Scale (BIS). The BIS was administered to 108 female subjects who met the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia. The fifth DSM-III-R criterion for the diagnosis of bulimia is: "A minimum average of two binge eating episodes a week for at least three months." This criterion is especially vague because a binge to one person may merely infer one candy bar; while to another individual, a binge may suggest a dozen donuts. Although vomiting frequency is also a vague unit of measurement for bulimia, it is perhaps less so than bingeing. Consequently, "a minimum average of two vomiting episodes a week for at least three months" may be a better measurable characteristic for this DSM-III-R criterion. When the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia was operationalized on 108 female subjects who answered "yes" to the five DSM-III-R criteria, only 46.30% (N = 50) scored significantly on the BEQ, Binge Caloric Value Count, EAT, Vomit Count, and the BIS. Consequently, only 50 out of 108 potential subjects would render valid research subject inclusion in bulimic research. Thus, this study shows that the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia should only be used as an initial screening device for subject inclusion and treatment in research studies. Other tools, such as those used in this study, should then be employed in order to obtain a more valid study sample in order to procure more empirical research outcomes. (Abstract shortened by UMI).
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Caubarrus, Hadjadj Evelyne. "Personnalité : psychologie et psychopathologie : part de l'axe ii du dsm iii dans un trouble psychiatrique : à propos de 100 cas". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25138.

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Young, Randy. "A DSM-III-R Study Of Computer Addiction Among IOWA Computer Users". NSUWorks, 1990. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/943.

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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Shanyang Zhao, Jamie M. Abelson, James L. Abelson y Ronald C. Kessler. "Reliability and procedural validity of University of Michigan-CIDI DSM-III-R phobic disorders". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-102981.

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We evaluate the long-term test–retest reliability and procedural validity of phobia diagnoses in the UM-CIDI, the version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, used in the US National Co-morbidity Survey (NCS) and a number of other ongoing large-scale epidemiological surveys. Test–retest reliabilities of lifetime diagnoses of simple phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia over a period between 16 and 34 months were K = 0·46, 0·47, and 0·63, respectively. Concordances with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) were K = 0·45, 0·62, and 0·63, respectively. Diagnostic discrepancies with the SCID were due to the UM-CIDI under-diagnosing. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that modification of UM-CIDI coding rules could dramatically improve cross-sectional procedural validity for both simple phobia (K = 0·57) and social phobia (K = 0·95). Based on these results, it seems likely that future modification of CIDI questions and coding rules could lead to substantial improvements in diagnostic validity.
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Rechoulet, Danielle. "Le dsm-iii : etude du systeme multiaxial a partir de la litterature et de 116 patients". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25021.

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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Shanyang Zhao, Jamie M. Abelson, James L. Abelson y Ronald C. Kessler. "Reliability and procedural validity of University of Michigan-CIDI DSM-III-R phobic disorders". Cambridge University Press, 1996. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26399.

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We evaluate the long-term test–retest reliability and procedural validity of phobia diagnoses in the UM-CIDI, the version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, used in the US National Co-morbidity Survey (NCS) and a number of other ongoing large-scale epidemiological surveys. Test–retest reliabilities of lifetime diagnoses of simple phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia over a period between 16 and 34 months were K = 0·46, 0·47, and 0·63, respectively. Concordances with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) were K = 0·45, 0·62, and 0·63, respectively. Diagnostic discrepancies with the SCID were due to the UM-CIDI under-diagnosing. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that modification of UM-CIDI coding rules could dramatically improve cross-sectional procedural validity for both simple phobia (K = 0·57) and social phobia (K = 0·95). Based on these results, it seems likely that future modification of CIDI questions and coding rules could lead to substantial improvements in diagnostic validity.
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DUBRO, ALAN FRAZIER. "DIAGNOSIS OF DSM-III PERSONALITY DISORDERS THROUGH THE USE OF THREE SELF-REPORT INVENTORIES". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183880.

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Publication of DSM-III led to increased recognition and diagnosis of personality disorders by assigning them to a separate axis. Self-report inventories have recently been constructed to reflect these changes in psychiatric nosology. This study compared the diagnostic efficiency of three tests: MMPI personality disorder scales (MMPI PD scales), Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ). Subjects were nonpsychotic psychiatric patients (n = 37), and medical control patients (n = 20). Subjects were given a clinical interview to diagnose any and all DSM-III personality disorders, and were then administered the three self-report inventories. Results indicate that the tests were extremely accurate at identifying the presence of any personality disorder, clusters of personality disorders, and specific personality disorders. Using the tests in combination further increased their efficiency. Implications for using cost-effective self-report tests in lieu of labor-intensive structured interviews are discussed.
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10

Demazeux, Steeves. "Le lit de Procuste du DSM-III : classification psychiatrique, standardisation clinique et ontologie médicale". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010533.

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Cette étude porte sur l'histoire et les fondements théoriques du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux, troisième édition (DSM-III). La publication de cette classification standardisée de la pathologie mentale, par l'American Psychiatric Association en 1980, a constitué une véritable « révolution nosologique », qui a exercé une influence durable dans la psychiatrie américaine, aussi bien sur la prise en charge des malades mentaux que sur les programmes de recherche scientifique. Le DSM-III a imposé un nouveau style de pensée en psychiatrie, le « néo-kraepelinisme », qui met l'accent sur l'objectivité descriptive du diagnostic et relève l'importance des outils standardisés d'évaluation et des données épidémiologiques pour le progrès des connaissances en psychopathologie. Cette classification, qui reposait sur un pari d' « a-theorisme », n'a toutefois pas porté tous les fruits escomptés. La nosologie psychiatrique, aujourd'hui, connaît une grave crise théorique illustrée par l'opposition de deux modèles aux présupposés ontologiques radicalement différents : le modèle médical, qui défend une approche catégorielle des troubles mentaux ; le modèle psychologique, qui défend une approche dimensionnelle s'appuyant principalement sur les travaux autour des traits de personnalité. L'ontologie «grise» du DSM-III est en grande partie responsable de cette crise.
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Libros sobre el tema "DSM-III"

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1944-, Wise Michael G., ed. DSM-III-R training guide. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1989.

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2

Skodol, Andrew E. Problems in differential diagnosis: From DSM-III to DSM-III-R in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1989.

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American Psychiatric Association. Mini DSM-III-R: Critères diagnostiques. Paris: Masson, 1989.

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Othmer, Ekkehard. The clinical interview using DSM-III-R. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1989.

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C, Othmer Sieglinde, ed. The clinical interview using DSM-III-R. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1989.

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Samuel, Perry. A DSM-III-R casebook of treatment selection. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1990.

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1935-, Neal Margo Creighton y Rodemich Christine, eds. Psychiatric nursing diagnosis care plans for DSM-III-R. Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 1991.

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Psychiatric diagnosis: A biopsychosocial approach using DSM-III-R. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1991.

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American Psychiatric Association. DSM-III-R: Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux. Paris: Masson, 1989.

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1955-, Ismond Deborah R. y Rapoport Judith L. 1933-, eds. DSM-III-R training guide for diagnosis of childhood disorders. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1990.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "DSM-III"

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Stabel, Aaron, Kimberly Kroeger-Geoppinger, Jennifer McCullagh, Deborah Weiss, Jennifer McCullagh, Naomi Schneider, Diana B. Newman et al. "DSM-III". En Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 999–1001. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1442.

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Volkmar, Fred R. "DSM-III". En Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1541–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1442.

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Stabel, Aaron, Kimberly Kroeger-Geoppinger, Jennifer McCullagh, Deborah Weiss, Jennifer McCullagh, Naomi Schneider, Diana B. Newman et al. "DSM-III-R". En Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1001–2. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1443.

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Volkmar, Fred R. "DSM-III-R". En Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1–2. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_1443-3.

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Peter, Helga y Thomas Penzel. "DSM-III-R". En Springer Reference Medizin, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54672-3_469-1.

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Volkmar, Fred R. "DSM-III-R". En Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1543–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1443.

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Krystal, Henry. "Beyond the DSM-III-R". En International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes, 841–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2820-3_71.

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Nelson, Rosemery O. "DSM-III and Behavioral Assessment". En Issues in Diagnostic Research, 303–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1265-9_12.

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Rapoport, Judith L. "DSM-III-Revised and Child Psychiatry". En Issues in Diagnostic Research, 329–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1265-9_13.

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Frederick, Calvin J. "Long-Term Stress and DSM III". En Psychiatry, 293–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2365-5_46.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "DSM-III"

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Albers, Albert, Korkiat Sedchaicharn, Christian Sauter y Wolfgang Burger. "An Approach for the Modularization of a Product Architecture of Redesign Processes of Complex Systems". En ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49023.

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Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is known as an efficient tool to modularize product architectures. It is only effective when all the matrix elements are described with a similar level of abstraction. This lies generally in the level of the real existing components. In order to implement a DSM, all assemblies, components and their relations have to be defined beforehand. In this step, the product architecture is often developed intuitively without any analysis. After the analysis using DSM, the developed product architecture normally requires rectification. Some components have to be designed and modified repeatedly. In this paper, the model for describing the relationship between function and embodiment, the Contact and Channel Model (C&CM) as well as an approach and its implementation will be presented to avoid this repetition. After a principle solution has been selected, the system is modeled with C&CM elements in a new intermediate level of abstraction. An integration analysis by DSM can be performed in parallel with the use of a search algorithm to find the modular product architecture. The analysis result is a guideline for a modular architecture which helps designers to reduce the number of required iterations. This approach is implemented in the development of a robot forearm for the humanoid robot ARMAR III.
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SMEETS, ROB M. W. y MARIO H. TER SMITTEN. "EXPLORATIONS OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DSM-III-R AND ICD-10 USING THE WHO-CIDI AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN CLINICAL PRACTICE". En IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0058.

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"SALUD MENTAL E INTEROCEPCIÓN EN PACIENTES CON TRASTORNOS POR USO DE SUSTANCIAS". En 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p106v.

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1. Descripción precisa de los objetivos La interocepción incluye procesos mediante los cuales el sistema nervioso detecta, interpreta, e integra información del interior del cuerpo (ej. frecuencia cardiaca). Estos procesos modulan aspectos cognitivos y motivacionales. Recientemente se ha descrito una interocepción disfuncional en numerosas patologías psiquiátricas, incluidos los trastornos adictivos. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es examinar la relación entre la gravedad de psicopatología y la interocepción en sujetos con trastornos por consumo de sustancias. 2. Material y métodos 26 pacientes (15 mujeres; edad media 43 años) diagnosticados de trastornos por consumo de sustancias completaron dos cuestionarios: i) Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ), que mide la capacidad de sentir cambios fisiológicos corporales (capacidad sensitiva interoceptiva), y el ii) DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom measures (DSM-XC), que evalúa la presencia y gravedad de 13 dominios de salud mental. La puntuación total de estos cuestionarios y sus subescalas se examinaron utilizando correlaciones simples. 3. Resultados y conclusiones Los resultados preliminares de este estudio muestran: que una mayor capacidad para detectar sensaciones corporales internas (capacidad sensitiva interoceptiva; BPQ) correlaciona con i) una mayor gravedad de sintomatología somática, y ii) una mayor gravedad de psicopatología general. Además, iii) a mayor capacidad de detectar sensaciones corporales en la región supradiafragmática, mayor es la gravedad de síntomas maníacos, somáticos, y de ansiedad reflejados en el DSM-XC. Estos resultados son coherentes con la creciente literatura que muestra el papel modulador de la interocepción en patologías psiquiátricas. Éstos indican que una alteración en la capacidad para detectar sensaciones corporales internas está asociada a una peor salud mental. Nosotros extendemos estos resultados a una muestra de pacientes afectos de trastornos por consumo de sustancias. Futuros trabajos pueden considerar estos resultados en el diseño de programas de intervención orientados a restructurar la capacidad sensitiva interoceptiva de estos pacientes.
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Cecato, Juliana y Livia Galeote. "SENILITY AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE: ANALYSIS OF WECHSLER SCALE IN ELDERLY WITH MAJOR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER". En XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda074.

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Background: CHC theory is a hierarchical model of intelligence, organized through cognitive skills and dividing the construct into crystallized and fluid. Objective: To describe the correlation among crystallized and fluid abilities in healthy people diagnosed with dementia. Methods: 45 subjects with 50 to 89 years old and at least 1 year of schooling. They were submitted to a detailed clinical interview and, later, to a neuropsychological evaluation. RAVLT, Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III or WASI) and FDT were applied. Sample was divided into 2 groups: healthy elderly (without cognitive and functional decline) and those diagnosed with dementia (GE). The diagnosis of dementia was based on the DSM-5. Results: RAVLT and the Wechsler Scale differentiated HE from DG (p <0.0001). FDT did not show a statistically significant difference in the Counting, Reading and Inhibition items, showing that tasks involve time were not able to differentiate healthy individuals from DG. To compare the performance IQ it is evident that the performance in fluid skills is less effective, when compared to the crystallized items (IQ verbal), in differentiating healthy subjects from dementia. Conclusion: Tasks involving learning, delayed recall memory and recognition, that is, crystallized tasks, are more effective in differentiating dementia when compared to fluid tasks (processing speed).
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Di Stefano, Francesco, Alban Gorreja, Fabio Piccinini, Roberto Pierdicca y Eva Savina Malinverni. "3D GIS FOR A SMART MANAGEMENT SYSTEM APPLIED TO HISTORICAL VILLAGES DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE". En ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12132.

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Historic villages are included in the category of cultural heritage to be safeguarded and preserved. Accidental events, such as earthquakes, represent a threat to their vulnerability. Usually, the analyses of damaged buildings, which are part of these villages, are then carried out singularly, not fostering instead the constitution of a mapping at the urban scale that allows a more complete knowledge of the state of damage and risk of adjacent buildings and of the entire area. An information system such as 3D GIS is a suitable solution for this purpose. The aim of this research is to develop a SMART management system for preservation activities of historical villages through the management of heterogeneous types of data, from the survey to the technical documentation. The workflow is structured as follows: (i) Data acquisition: the survey of a small village was carried out by combining geomatic techniques necessary to produce a complete point cloud; (ii) 3D modeling: data extrapolation from the post-processed point cloud and subsequently generation of a GIS based on 3D model thanks to the creation of DTM and DSM of the area of interest; (iii) Knowledge modeling: a geospatial information model is necessary to put in order and together all the information collected for the whole village and for each building composing it; (iv) SMART management modeling: improvement of the information management system that guarantees the possibility to enrich and update data at any time. This research paves the way to develop a web platform where GIS data would be imported for a digital twin approach.
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Livne, Ofir, Deborah Hasin y Silvia Martins. "Probability and Predictors of Cannabis Use Disorder Among Cannabis Users with Depressive Disorders". En 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.44.

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Introduction and Aims: Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders (CUD) have been increasing in the US. Recent studies have aimed to assess the rates of transition from cannabis use to CUD over time across several sociodemographic corelates (e.g., age and sex). Depressive disorders are a strong clinical correlate of cannabis use, and carry a substantial burden of disease. The underlying mechanisms involved in the relationship between depression and cannabis use are still not fully understood. While certain studies have examined changes in rates of cannabis among depressed and non-depressed individuals over time, no studies have quantified the effect of depressive disorders on cannabis users’ transition rates to CUD. Methods: Participants were individuals ≥18 years interviewed in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III in 2012–2013. Survival plots assessed the probability of transition from cannabis use to CUD over time. Differences in probability of transition to CUD was assessed among cannabis users with and without predisposing depressive disorders ( major depressive disorder or dysthymia with an initial diagnosis prior to onset of cannabis use). Results: Among lifetime cannabis users (N = 11,272), the 5-year probability of transition to CUD was approximately 3.9% for cannabis users without depressive disorders and 7.3% for those with a depressive disorder. A higher probability of transition from cannabis use to CUD among those with a predisposing depressive disorder was observed over all time points that were examined in the study. Cannabis users with depressive disorders who were male and belonging to an early-onset of cannabis use age group (<16) transitioned significantly more rapidly to CUD than females and those with a later- onset of cannabis use Conclusions: This is the first study to explore the effect of depressive disorders on rates of transition from cannabis use to the DSM-5 CUD diagnosis. The current study identified specific predictors of this transition. Findings inform clinicians who treat individuals with depressive disorders that initiate cannabis use as to the risk of developing CUD and the need for harm prevention targeted at this specific population.
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Correa-Ghisays, Patricia, Joan Vicent Sánchez-Ortí, Vicent Balanzá-Martínez, Joan Vila-Francés y Rafael Tabarés Seisdedos. "Neuroplasticidad y deterioro cognitivo en trastornos mentales graves desde un enfoque neuropsicológico". En 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020p004.

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La neuroplasticidad se puede definir como la capacidad del sistema nervioso para responder a estímulos intrínsecos o extrínsecos reorganizando su estructura, función y conexiones. El avance en la compresión de este tipo de conectividad y los mecanismos de adaptación del sistema nervioso, desde las moléculas hasta las conexiones sinápticas, las redes neuronales y el comportamiento humano, ha ido generando una nueva perspectiva en la investigación del funcionamiento cerebral y sus mecanismos de recuperación de regeneración. En los últimos años, los investigadores han buscado mecanismos subyacentes a esta capacidad, identificando posibles factores epigenéticos, biomarcadores y algunos procesos cognitivos relacionados, con el fin de determinar diagnósticos eficaces, prevención y pronóstico de la enfermedad y desarrollar terapias más potentes para mejorar el funcionamiento cognitivo y social, y la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas por trastornos mentales graves (TMG) como el trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM), el trastorno bipolar (TB) y la esquizofrenia (EZ), y el de otras con enfermedades crónicas que cursan con deterioro cognitivo como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2). Se han identificado terapias prometedoras, intervenciones neurofarmacéuticas y estimulación cerebral, que permiten optimizar el funcionamiento de estas personas, sin embargo, su eficacia para estimular la capacidad neuroplástica como tal o impedir su deterioro, sigue siendo muy limitada. La memoria, el aprendizaje, y funciones ejecutivas como la memoria de trabajo, la velocidad de procesamiento de la información y la flexibilidad cognitiva son dominios cognitivos que posibilitan que el ser humano pueda hacer cambios en su organismo para adaptarse a un entorno variable, por tanto se les podría relacionar directamente con la neuroplasticidad humana. Por esto, los nuevos métodos para evaluar y estimular la neuroplasticidad humana, además de la identificación e intervención sobre marcadores y mecanismos biológicos, deberían incluir en sus protocolos aquellos procesos cognitivos que dependen de la experiencia. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue describir la neuroplasticidad de personas con DMT2, TDM, TB, y EZ, en comparación con controles sanos (CS), desde un enfoque neuropsicológico, por medio de la evaluación de funciones cognitivas asociadas directamente a la neuroplasticidad humana como la memoria, el aprendizaje y la flexibilidad cognitiva. Se incluyeron 135 participantes: 30 con EZ, 41 con TB y 34 con TDM de acuerdo con los criterios del DSM-5 y un grupo de 30 CS; los cuales fueron evaluados en dos momentos distintos a lo largo de un año de seguimiento. Además de evaluar el estado clínico y el funcionamiento social, se utilizó una amplia batería para evaluar el funcionamiento cognitivo, seleccionando para los análisis las variables de interés: 1) Memoria (inmediata, a corto plazo y a largo plazo) evaluada con el TAVEC, 2) Aprendizaje evaluado con el subtest Dígitos-Directo del Wais-III y la variable V3-RI-AT del TAVEC; 3) Funciones ejectivas: a) Memoria de trabajo evaluada con el subtest Dígitos-Inverso del Wais-III y el TMT-B, b) Velocidad de procesamiento evaluada con el subtes Clave de Números del Wais-III y el TMT-A, c) Flexibilidad cognitiva evaluada con el WCST. Los resultados mostraron un funcionamiento cognitivo superior en el grupo de CS, permaneciendo estable en ambos momentos. Los grupos con diagnóstico de TMG tuvieron puntuaciones más bajas que los CS, con pocas diferencias significativas entre ellos. En la mayoría de las variables, las personas con TB y con EZ tuvieron puntuaciones medias similares, en comparación con las de las personas con TDM; estos hallazgos se mantienen a lo largo del tiempo. Se puede concluir que existe evidencia para sugerir que las funciones cognitivas asociadas a la neuroplasticidad se preservan a lo largo del tiempo en una población normal, mientras que en las personas adultas diagnosticadas con TMG se presenta un deterioro cognitivo estable, relacionado con una menor neuroplasticidad, y se comporta de manera similar e inferior en los grupos diagnosticados con EZ y BD que en personas con TDM.
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