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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Eau – Épuration – Élimination de l'arsenic"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Eau – Épuration – Élimination de l'arsenic"
Zaiter-Al, Houayek Marie. "Étude des matériaux constituants les barrières perméables réactives pour le traitement de l'arsenic : conception, expérimentation, modélisation". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0981.
Texto completoThe important toxicity of dissolved arsenic, and the latest WHO recommendations reducing its maximum concentration in drinking water from 50 µg/l to 10 µg/l, justify research and development of new retention systems. One possible method of rehabilitation of contaminated sites is the use of Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB) containing specific porous materials adapted to the retention of anionic species. Among several retention materials, due to bibliography and preliminary tests, we have selected a commercial activated alumina. Laboratory tests permitted to specify its chemical and mechanical stability, its hydraulic properties, its specific surface and its large retention capacity in a wide range of pH. Conception and prediction of the in-situ behaviour of the PRB necessitate a precise description of adsorption and transport of arsenic in laboratory columns filled with activated alumina. Thus, static experimental batch tests were first conducted. Results have been “tested” on two different models of adsorption isotherms, Freundlich and Langmuir. This allowed us to determine and understand adsorption mechanisms that occur between arsenic and alumina, as well as the effects of principal competing ions and pH on arsenic retention and maximal adsorption capacities of the material. These results were validated by the analysis of the breakthrough curves of arsenic obtained in percolation tests (dynamic experiences). The presence of non equilibrated phenomena, which increased the retention capacities of the filter, was evidenced. Effects of contact time and grain sizes on adsorption were studied, as well as the importance of intragranular diffusion on adsorption capacities and lifetime of the columns. A second order kinetic retention was evidenced, on batch as well as on percolations results. Using all laboratory results, a representative retarded reactive transport model of arsenic was proposed, in order to simulate the behaviour of experimental columns. A linear approximation of Langmuir isotherm was used. Effects of mass coefficient and dispersivity on the shape of the breakthrough curves were studied
Ahoulé, Dompé Ghislain maxime. "Performances comparatives des techniques de nanofiltration et d’osmose inverse pour le traitement d'eau de consommation contaminée à l'arsenic au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS025/document.
Texto completoIn order to produce potable water for human consumption, a study was carried out on the technical feasibility of arsenic-rich borehole water treatment by membrane process. Firstly the efficiency of two commercial membranes (NF2Une étude a été menée sur la faisabilité technique du traitement de potabilisation des eaux de forage contaminées à l’arsenic par procédé membranaire. Pour ce faire, l’efficacité de deux membranes commerciales (NF270 et TW30) vis-à-vis de la rétention des espèces d’arsenic, arsénite [As (III)] et arséniate [As (V)], a été d’abord comparée sous différentes conditions expérimentales. Ensuite, la contribution des différents mécanismes intervenant dans l’élimination des espèces d’arsenic a été identifiée. Enfin, la membrane la plus performante a été utilisée pour le traitement d’une eau souterraine naturellement riche en arsenic. Il ressort de cette étude que la pression opératoire et le pH sont les paramètres importants sur lesquels il faut agir pour améliorer l’efficacité du système membranaire pour le traitement de l’arsenic. L’As(V) est facilement éliminé par rapport à l’As (III) aussi bien avec la membrane de nanofiltration que d’osmose inverse. Toutefois, la membrane d’osmose inverse (TW30) permet une meilleure élimination des différentes espèces d’arsenic que la membrane NF270. Cela est dû au fait que la membrane TW30 est une membrane dense. L’application de cette membrane pour la production d’eau potable à partir d’une eau de forage contenant 413,74µg/L d’arsenic total dont 405,63µg/L d’As (V) et 8,11 µg/L d’As (III) a donné une concentration d’arsenic total dans l’eau traitée de 9,99 µg/L soit un taux de rétention de 97,6% et un volume d’eau traité correspondant à 70% du volume d’eau brute. Il est donc possible de mettre en place un procédé de traitement de ces eaux de forage à partir de la membrane TW30 afin de produire de l’eau potable pour les populations du nord du Burkina Faso. La performance de ce procédé peut être encore améliorée en oxydant l’As (III) en As (V) avant filtration.70 and TW30) for different arsenic species removal, arsenite [As (III)] and arsenate [As (V)], was compared under various experimental conditions. Afterward, the contribution of mechanisms in As species removal was determined. Finally, the most efficient membrane was used for As-rich groundwater treatment. Results show that, applied pressure and feed pH are the important parameters which must be considered if As removal wants to be improved. As (V) is much easily removed than As (III) both NF270 and TW30 membranes. Nevertheless, TW30 membrane has a better removal of As species than NF270 membrane. It is due to the fact that TW30 membrane is a compact membrane. The application of this membrane for potable water production from naturally contaminated groundwater containing 413.74 µg/L of total arsenic (405.63 µg/L of As (V) and 8.11 µg/L of As (III)) gave a treated water of 9.99 µg/L (97.6% of rejection) of total As concentration and water produced volume equivalent to 70% of raw water volume. Therefore, it is possible to implement a treatment process with TW30 membrane to remove arsenic from naturally contaminated groundwater coming from the northern part of Burkina Faso. The efficiency of this process can be improved again by oxidizing As (III) in As (V) before filtration
Michon, Jérôme. "Etude de l’oxydation biologique de l’arsenic As(III) par le consortium bactérien CAsO1 : mise au point de méthodes de détection et application à la détoxification d’effluents". Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6a8c8ca9-38b7-4688-89f5-1b36ed58553c/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0064.pdf.
Texto completoThis work concerned the evaluation and the development of an arsenic(III)-oxidizing population in reactors, for drinking water production and waste water arsenic contaminated treatment. The process of the biological oxidation of arsenite was carried out with an autotrophic bacterial population named CAsO1. This population was phylogenetically related to Thiomonas. Two easy to handle analytical methods were developed: the determination of total arsenic was carried out by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS), and that concerning As(III), by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HG-AAS), for concentration range from 0,2 to 20 µg. L-1. The treatment pilot and the support material (pozzolana) were characterized (RTD, adsorption capacity. . . ). Thus, performances of oxidation of CAsO1 were evaluated: for residence times higher than 2 hours, 95% of As(III) was oxidized, whatever the type of circulation (up- or down-flow) and more than 80%, for a residence time of 1 hour
Dao, Thanh Duong. "Procédés membranaires pour l'élimination des métaux lourds : application de la distillation membranaire à l'élimination de l'Arsenic contenu dans les eaux". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0040/document.
Texto completoThis PhD work deals with vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for arsenic removal from groundwaters. Contamination of water resources with arsenic was identified in 105 countries. Approximately 150 million people are being exposed to arsenic contamination, and 147 million of these people live in Asia. In Vietnam, chosen as the case study of this work, 13% of the population is being in risk of arsenic poisoning. Drinking water resources present not only high arsenic concentration (1 – 3050 ppb) but also high salinity (5 – 15 g/L). This work allowed demonstrating the feasibility of VMD to remove arsenic and also salts contained in groundwaters. As(III) concentration in the permeate of VMD was always lower than the standard level for drinking water (10 μg.L-1), even for high As(III) concentrations in the feed (up to 2000 μg.L-1). With VMD, a pre-oxidation step was not necessary to convert As(III) into As(V), as it is the case for other conventional treatment processes. Moreover, a coupling between reverse osmosis (RO) and VMD was studied. RO was considered as a first step to concentrate NaCl and As(III) before this retentate stream was further concentrated by the VMD. VMD could work efficiently with 99.9% of As(III) andNaCl rejections at a very high RO retentate concentrations ([NaCl] = 300 g/L and [As(III)] = 7000 ppb). Arsenic in the permeate was still lower than the required standard for drinking water. Finally, a simulation of the coupling was performed. By coupling of RO and VMD, ahigh global recovery of 96% could be achieved
Gao, Jianan. "Occurrence de sous-produits émergents dans l'eau potable ozonée : cas des acétaldéhydes halogénés". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66318.
Texto completoDisinfection of drinking water with chlorine results in the inactivation of targeted pathogens and the control of microbial growth during the transportation through the distribution system, while in the presence of naturally occurring organic and inorganic matter, disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed. For instance, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are regulated in many countries. In order to meet the regulations, ultraviolet irradiation and other oxidants such as ozone, chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used as alternative disinfectants for primary disinfection. Ozonation is commonly applied during water treatment not only due to the intended reduction in the levels of regulated THMs and HAAs but also its numerous advantages as oxidant and disinfectant. However, the use of chlorine or chloramines following ozonation is generally required to ensure the safety of drinking water in distribution systems due to the short half-life of ozone. Unfortunately, this disinfection scenario (ozone-chlorine/chloramines) promotes the formation of halogenated acetaldehydes (HALs), which attract more and more attention in the last years due to their abundance in drinking water (third largest group of identified DBPs by weight) and their relatively high cytotoxicity. This thesis is therefore devoted to improving the knowledge about the occurrence and spatio-temporal variability of HALs as well as the levels of human exposure to these contaminants in ozonated drinking water. First, various parameters (pH, quenching agent and sample holding limit) were optimized for sample preservation in order to analyze trihalogenated acetaldehydes (THALs) and dihalogenated acetaldehydes (DHALs) using a consolidated analytical method. Subsequently, four sampling campaigns were conducted over two years (between 2017 and 2019) in two drinking water systems. The first one-year sampling campaign generated a robust database of HALs regarding their behavior in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and the spatio-temporal variability in distribution networks. Then the relationship between ozonation and HAL variation in treated water was assessed during a one-month intensive sampling campaign, in a DWTP where changes regarding ozonation procedures occurred. Finally, two more sampling campaigns were carried out to evaluate the effects of household tap water handling on the exposure of HALs. The results allow to identify the contributing factors to HAL formation in drinking water and to determine strategies of household handling for the control of HAL exposure via drinking water. The prediction of the occurrence of THALs based on THMs was made possible because of the strong correlations between THM levels and THAL levels in both drinking water systems.
Abidi, Hédi Béchir. "Nouvelle approche du traitement des eaux de piscines : ultrafiltration couplée à une rétention sur résine". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10258.
Texto completoHurtado, Gimeno Céline. "Destruction de polluants organiques réfractaires par des méthodes associant la sonochimie avec la photochimie et l'ozonation". Chambéry, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS016.
Texto completoWastewaters of painting and coating plants are difficult effluent to treat. Numerous organic compound families,like azo dyes, surfactants, biocides, biding agents. . . Could constitute these waters. Due to these multiple compounds and heavy metals that they could contain they can only incinerated. Actually the problem is to find a technique which allows the reuse of the water of these effluents in the production cicrcuit. Solution could come from advanced oxidative processes. These methods are based on generation of very reactive species like hydroxyl radical which conduct to a rapid and none selective oxidation of the organic matter. In these methods, we can cite Fenton reactions, photoassisted or not, photocatalysed, H2O2/UV conbined treatments, ozonation. . . Our study has been focused on the elimination of three families of compounds which are present in the industrial effluents : azo dyes, thiazolinated bioacides, perfluorated surfactants. As esclusive use of ultrasound, or ultrasound combined to other processes, have shown their potential to eliminate some aromatic compounds in aqueous solution, the work has been oirentated on a comparative study of the efficiency of sonochemical, ultraviolet and ozonation methods applied alone or in combination. Comprehension of degradation mechanisms and products identification have completed these sonochemical studies combined or not with ultraviolet irridiation. The results obtained have shown the ultrasonic frequency incidence on the reaction rate and the necessary of ultrasound to eliminate completely refractory compounds. Combination of tested techniques allows to increase degradation yields
Paris, Tony. "Formation et organisation de biofilms en milieu eau potable : Influence du gradient de vitesse pariétal". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10021/document.
Texto completoMost of the microbial flora present in the drinking water distribution network is located on the pipe walls. This biofilm is a major concern for drinking water providers as it increases disinfectant decay, provides a shelter for pathogens and is the main site of bacterial growth, thus leading, through bacterial detachment, to the non-respect of drinking water quality criteria. Hydraulic regime is one among several parameters that can be used to control biofilm proliferation. Our first objective was to determine which was the key parameter in the hydraulic regime that was controlling biofilm accumulation. Using Couette-Poiseuille reactors which geometry allow to vary independently wall shear rate (?) an d flow rate, we showed that the wall shear rate was indeed the important parameter for biofilm control. From this result, we built a convective-diffusion model in order to describe bacterial transport and accumulation to the pipe surface. It appeared that biofilm accumulation was a function of ?1/3*t. As hydraulic regime was known to affect biofilm organization, we quantified through image analysis, the effect of wall shear rate, on size, shape and orientation of the biofilm elements. Biofilm stability was studied by inoculations of polystyrene microspheres and E. coli in flow chambers colonized by biofilms. The consequences of the rapid variation of the flow rate on a biofilm formed in a pipe flow were also studied
Cuenot, François. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de ligands macrocycliques tétracarbomoyles et de leurs complexes métalliques : application à un procédé d'élimination du plomb dans l'eau potable". Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS060.
Texto completoLegay, Cécile. "Ozonation catalytique des polluants organiques pour le traitement de l'eau". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT100G.
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