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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Economic cooperatives"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 25 de febrero de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Economic cooperatives"

Farid, Muhammad Miftah, Wahjoedi ., F. Danardana Murwani y Sunaryanto . "The Economic Prosperity of Modern Cooperatives Members in Economic Education Perspective". Webology 19, n.º 1 (20 de enero de 2022): 3545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19234.

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This study aims to examine the prosperity of modern cooperative members in the perspective of economic education. Researcher used qualitative approach with multicentus model. This research was conducted in several cooperatives branch, such as Sinau Andadani Ekonomi Pujon (SAE Pujon Cooperative), Bebarangan Anggayuh Tentreme Urip (BATU Village Unit Cooperative), and Saiyeg Usaha Butuhing Urip (Subur Village Unit Cooperative) in Malang, East Java. In this study, the stages of research used interviews, observations, and documentation. The research result, theoretical and empirical studies of this study can be described as following below: the presence cooperatives of multi-site studies in general help to improves the prosperity of members and non-member communities in cooperative environment, the existence of cooperatives in multisite study Malang Raya increase the intelligence of members and non-member communities to produce and create new economic opportunities and the existence of cooperatives of multisite study in Malang to build a wisdom for cooperative members in consuming their needs.

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Knežević, Mirjana. "Cooperative in the modern economic environment". Naucne publikacije Drzavnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru. Serija B, Drustvene & humanisticke nauke 4, n.º 1 (2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/npdunp2101053k.

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The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of the cooperative as an economic entity, through representation of modern trends of cooperative association in Europe and beyond. Through their association, cooperative development covers key connecting factors of individuals, while finding models for reducing the differences between cooperatives as economic entities and companies for the benefit of companies. The subject of research in the paper represents an analytics of cooperatives and the need for new legal solutions, which would support the development of cooperatives as independent economic entities in the future. The key hypothesis the paper starts with is that cooperative association is of great importance in dealing with many economic, market and sociological challenges, which is of special significance for the economic development of our country. The previous legal solutions of the cooperative association, in addition to positive changes, have not given expected results so far. In the conclusion, it is pointed out that legally regulated area of cooperatives as specific economic subjects is the foundation of development of their economic activity. Based on the critical illumination of the cooperative legislation, recommendations are given for its improvement, while taking into account the ever-present needs for improving the business of cooperatives and their convergence with the business of other economic entities.

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Sasongko, Adrian Tri, Yeti Lis Purnamadewi y Sri Mulatsih. "ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KOPERASI DI PULAU JAWA". JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 6, n.º 2 (31 de julio de 2018): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.6.2.2017.90-106.

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Development of cooperatives is an important element that must be done in order to realize the national economic development because the cooperative able to accommodate the community in achieving the goal of improving the welfare of the people based on the principle of mutual cooperation. Differences in regional characteristics lead to diversity in the development and development of cooperatives. Java Island with rapid economic growth, able to build cooperatives in large numbers but the performance of cooperatives and growth is still fluctuating. Therefore, this study aims to determine the comparative advantage in cooperative development and analyze the factors that affect the performance of cooperatives in Java. This research uses secondary data with Method of Econometrika Data Panel and Method of Economic Performance Index of Regional Cooperation (PEKR Index). The results showed that the provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta have a comparative advantage in the economic development of cooperatives in 2011-2015. Factors affecting the performance of the cooperative is the number of active cooperatives, the number of cooperative employees, own capital cooperatives and PDRB. Keywords: Comparative advantage, Cooperative, Performance, Panel data

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Soesilo, Nining I. "Government of Indonesia’s Battling Strategy to Cope With Pseudo-Cooperatives". Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 9, n.º 2 (14 de agosto de 2020): 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15547.

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By contesting the political spectrum versus the economic side of regulation, it is found that the Indonesian cooperative's performance is influenced more by the first approach. As Golkar's electoral vehicle to protect its ruling party's majority vote, the cooperative apex organization (Dekopin) became a parastatal. As a 'bureaucratic capitalist' with state budget support, Dekopin's 'holdup problem' creates the 'subsidy mentality' and increasing corruption perception that stimulated the formation of pseudo-cooperatives. A bottom-up petition to remove Dekopin's parastatal status failed. By calibrating the 2012-2014 panel data, the pseudo-cooperatives decrease when active cooperatives increase. From the 2015 cross-section exercise, pseudo-cooperatives' number rises along with the growing population. External funding to cooperatives is used as a means to spend it on leisure. Many islands show different tendencies of pseudo-cooperatives' creation. In 2016, a government's economic strategy to create healthy cooperatives was started by closing down 32,778 pseudo-cooperatives. This process continued until 2019.JEL Classification: P13, C21, R51, A13How to Cite:Soesilo, N. I. (2020). Government of Indonesia’s Battling Strategy to Cope with Pseudo-Cooperatives. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 219-240. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15547.

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Suchoń, Aneta Anna y Maria Zuba-Ciszewska. "Functioning of Cooperatives within the Context of the Tasks of Communes (Especially Rural) – Selected Economic and Law Issues". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 18, n.º 4 (29 de octubre de 2020): 901–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/18.3.901-925(2020).

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The purpose of the article is, firstly, an attempt at assessing whether the legal regulations support the development of cooperatives and aid the communes in performing their tasks and, secondly, to evaluate the statistical data concerning cooperatives, types of operations and the possible directions of development within the context of communes' tasks (especially rural). At the beginning basic legal regulations concerning cooperatives were presented. The considerations focused on social cooperatives, dairy cooperatives, cooperative groups of agricultural producers, farmers' cooperatives, energy cooperatives, bank cooperatives, housing cooperatives. Selected legal regulations are presented, especially their changes, which aimed to encourage the establishment of cooperatives. Their functioning is in line with the seventh cooperative principle, i.e. concern for the local community. Statistical data has been presented of role of different cooperative sector in the Polish economy in the context of the tasks of communes (especially rural). In summary, the authors stated that the functioning of many cooperatives feeds into the performance of commune’s tasks. This mostly relates to implementation of programs aiming for civic and economic activation in a given region, creation of workplaces, higher income of rural inhabitants, social aid, renewable energy, supporting activities for the development of a given commune.

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Andriani, Fenny, Eka Deviani y Marlia Eka Putri AT. "The Policy of Cooperative and Small and Medium Enterprises Office in Improving Cooperative Achievement in Lampung Province". Administrative and Environmental Law Review 2, n.º 1 (21 de mayo de 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/aelr.v2i1.2201.

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Outstanding Cooperatives are cooperatives that have achievements in obtaining their performance in terms of organizational aspects, management, management aspects, productivity aspects, and benefit and impact aspects of cooperatives that are stipulated by the Decree of the State Minister for Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises. The State Ministry for Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil Menengah) has launched a cooperative achievement assessment program to develop and make existing cooperatives a success. The prediction of cooperative achievements is expected to motivate existing cooperatives to function as economic institutions capable of improving the welfare of members in particular and society in general and building a national economic order that creates a developed, just. A prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Building a national economic order creates a developed, just, and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

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Sebhatu, Kifle T., Tafesse W. Gezahegn, Tekeste Berhanu, Miet Maertens, Steven Van Passel y Marijke D’Haese. "Exploring variability across cooperatives: economic performance of agricultural cooperatives in northern Ethiopia". International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 24, n.º 3 (13 de abril de 2021): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0215.

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The number of agricultural cooperatives increased quickly in Ethiopia since the 1990s. While many papers studied the impact of membership of Ethiopian cooperatives, not much is known on their performance. This study takes a cooperative-level perspective which is unique in an African context. It compares the economic performance proxied by sales revenue and profit of a wide range of agricultural cooperatives in northern Ethiopia. Data were collected from 511 agricultural cooperatives in 12 districts of Tigray. The contributing factors of the performance are analyzed with Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) and Heckman selection models. Our results underscore the importance of membership size, total assets, presence of conflict among members, and union membership. Chairperson characteristics and the internal organization of a cooperative seem to be less correlated to performance.

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Petrushenko, Yuriy M., Oksana S. Ponomarenko, Lída Böhmová, Olena V. Bykhovets y Liubov V. Kotiuk. "The Impact of Socio-economic Factors on the Management of Agro-cooperatives in Local Communities". Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, n.º 3 (2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.85.03.

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The development of entrepreneurial initiatives in the form of agro-cooperatives can be a perspective way for the community to develop through the formation of active civil awareness of the population, to create new jobs, to improve the local infrastructure and to find additional investments. The research aimed at examining structure and factors which influenced cooperatives management in Sumy region. Questionnaires were administered in 5 cooperatives to 19 members. Multiple regression and correlation analyses were performed to identify factors believed to influence cooperatives’ management as well as to examine the degree of association between farm-specific and socio-economic variables. To evaluate the importance of cooperatives for its members and management, such a resulted factor, as “receiving a better price as a member of cooperative” was chosen. Results indicate that a significant factor on perception to receive a better price as a member of the agricultural cooperative was age with the effect of the coefficient been about 4.1 %. Factors such as gender, education, farm size and ways to resolve conflict situations in the agro-cooperative turned out to be statistically insignificant. The purpose of this research mini-paper is to study certain aspects of the cooperative movement in Ukraine and the Sumy region. The object of research is to identify the extent to which various factors influence the activities of cooperatives. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research reported in the research mini-paper were the main provisions of national scientists and development and international experience problems with cooperation, theory, and practice of marketing, personal assessment of the authors. People with a higher level of education better evaluated the importance of cooperative for the local community. However overall local’s vision of the cooperative movement is positive and most of the respondents would like to have more cooperatives in their villages. It was founded, that the lack of information about cooperative movement which resulted in the low interest of low people in joining cooperatives. In light of the above, creating more awareness of the cooperative movement in the local communities could be a way to involve the youth to participate in the cooperative movement. Key words: socio-economic development, local communities, agricultural cooperatives, management, regional development.

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KOSTYRKO, Igor, Iryna HUMENIUK, Andriy BUTOV, Stepan MAKARUKHA y Oleksandr ILIN. "DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORM". Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-1-18.

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Based on the analysis of the current state of existing agricultural cooperatives within the country and their features in Lviv region, main problems of development of this organizational and legal form have been identified. It is established that the functioning of agricultural cooperatives in Lviv region is still in its infancy due to imperfect institutional environment and their production and economic results do not have a significant impact on the overall economic condition of the agricultural sector and the welfare of the rural citizens. Dynamics of registered cooperatives in Ukraine is compared with the actual ones. It is shown that the development of cooperative process is made due to changes to general socio-economic situation in the industry, which is facilitated by state authorities, as well as development of the latest forms and methods of organizing economic activity in rural areas, implemented on a project basis. Conclusions are made that creation and functioning of cooperatives is the result of institutional changes, and cooperative organizational forms can be considered as a certain social capital. It is established that the main problems of agricultural cooperation development in Ukraine are: incomplete restructuring of the agricultural sector, weak material and technical base of cooperatives, especially in capital-intensive areas of agricultural production, unavailability of loans and weak financial support of agricultural cooperation by the state. It is shown that the state policy should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of agricultural cooperatives, intensification of cooperatives, state support and legal protection of cooperatives, optimization of tax policy by differentiating tax rates and facilitating access to credit for agricultural cooperatives. rural households. It is recommended in further research to pay attention to the elimination of identified obstacles, primarily of an institutional nature, in accelerating the development of agricultural cooperatives as an organizational and legal form that has significant potential for its development. Keywords: agricultural cooperatives, organizational and economic form, cooperative movement, production cooperatives, service cooperative.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Economic cooperatives"

Liebenberg, Isabel Elsje. "Determining economic value added for agricultural co-operatives in South Africa". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01182005-101059.

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Valdueza, Blanco María Dolores. "The Social Economy in Spain: Special Reference to Workers Cooperatives". Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117017.

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This article addresses the issue of cooperatives in the context of global economic crisis and presented as a suitable alternative to deal with high unemployment, and as the fulfillment of a social economy, protected and provided for by law and the Spanish constitution. Will be discussed the characteristics of cooperatives, its constitution and its organization. In addition, there will be mention of types of cooperatives, especially the cooperative mode of worker cooperatives.
El presente artículo aborda el tema de las cooperativas en un contexto de crisis económica mundial y las presenta como una alternativa adecuada para lidiar con las altas tasas de desempleo, y como el cumplimiento de una economía social, protegida y establecida por la ley y la constitución española. Se expondrá las características de las cooperativas, su constitución, su organización. Además, se hará mención a las modalidades de cooperativas, en especial a la modalidad cooperativa de trabajo asociado.

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Duvall, Whitney Prather. "The Evolving Role of Electric Cooperatives in Economic Development: A Case Study of Owen Electric Cooperative and Jackson Energy Cooperative". UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/20.

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In recent years, there has been a shift in among Kentucky rural electric cooperatives in regard to their stance on economic development. With this has been the employment of electric cooperative staff to help attract new industries and forge relationships with other local economic development-geared groups to facilitate growth. Cooperative businesses have historically proved their resilience and deep-rooted connections within the communities they serve. In exploring two similar-sized electric cooperatives in Kentucky located in two very different regions of the state, considering socio-economic status, and interviewing key informants with local affiliated economic development groups, it becomes evident that electric cooperatives possess a great potential to serve as a catalyst for economic development within their respective service territories.

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Ramncwana, Zukiswa. "The role of cooperatives in local economic development and job creation". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5919.

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This study concentrates on the role of cooperatives in Local Economic Development (LED) and the creation of sustainable jobs. In ascertaining this role, it was imperative that the study also examine the participant’s perceptions and attitudes as the drivers in attaining the sustainable livelihoods; where their desire, their beliefs and their perceived social norms are examined. In line with the examination of the participant’s perceptions and attitudes as the drivers in attaining the sustainable livelihoods, we have also identified the drivers or catalyst to really changing the behaviour and/or performance and really taking action. Motivation of this study is that the participants and LED officials will learn from the lessons that are identified. Lessons can be learned from our history in South Africa that through dedication and sustained motivation goals can be realised. Motivation and commitment are therefore important in strengthening the foundations of cooperative development towards job creation; where social capital is the driver of commitment and motivation and should be promoted as such. Through the cooperation that is inherent in cooperatives people pull together towards realising their dreams. The sustainable jobs are however not attainable at this stage of cooperative development but strong foundations are however being built to realise these goals in the near future. Unemployment is a big problem that policy makers are looking for solutions to, and hence the development of policy measures like the Cooperative Policy to address poverty through creation of cooperatives. These cooperatives collectively benefit the members and create a platform for mutual cooperation. Self-motivation and ‘Ubuntu’ need to be ingrained more in our culture and find a ‘new meaning’. There is a role for social capital and the unity that is within ‘Ubuntu’ to really be used as the undoubted asset that it is. Social capital can be seen as the driver of commitment and motivation. This can also be seen in the Mutual Incentives Theory’ (MIT) of motivations to participate developed by Birchall and Simmons, as meaningful participation can be motivated by three variables. These variables are shared goals, shared values and sense of community. These three variables are all integrated in social capital; where social capital could be seen as the common denominator. Such conclusions about the importance of social capital in driving meaningful participation in cooperatives should be widely acknowledged. The promotion of social capital in all its forms should be wide spread and it should form part of the basis for solutions to cooperative development.

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Langmead, Kiri. "Exploring the performance of democracy and economic diversity in worker cooperatives". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2017. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/23233/.

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Adopting the lens of diverse economies theory, this thesis explores the role of democratic praxis in supporting a shift from the perceived dominance and homogeneity of capitalism towards performative post-capitalist praxes of economic diversity and interdependence. Through a reflexive account of an 18-month ethnographic study it makes four contributions to knowledge. First, that democracy in worker cooperatives constitutes interconnected ways of thinking, being and acting. Central to this praxis of democracy is an understanding of the organisation as a conversation and product of individual-collective alignment that, when supported by and expressed through democratic practices, create spaces for ongoing and constitutive deliberation. Second, that this praxis of democracy lays the epistemological and ontological grounds necessary for the emergence of post-capitalist worlds. These grounds constitute the development of an anti-essentialist position, post-fantasmatic and weak theoretical stance, and learning to be affected vision on the world. Third, that these grounds and democratic praxis itself enable ongoing thinking-actions of re-appropriation and negotiation, through which members deconstruct capitalist homogeneity, foster economic diversity and interdependence, and cultivate post-capitalist subjectivities. Finally, the thesis contends that these understandings were enriched by reflexive engagement with the emotional and relational experience of research, and the epistemological and ontological congruence of research methodology, theoretical framework and organisational practice. Through the first three contributions the thesis adds a UK perspective to a narrow body of empirical literature exploring direct democracy in small worker cooperatives. More specifically, it adds to debates on the purpose and practice of workplace democracy in relation to the development of diverse economies thinking and practice. By reframing feelings of anxiety, frustration and contradiction as analytical starting points, the fourth methodological contribution furthers understandings of the role of emotion in organisational ethnography. Beyond these contributions, this thesis opens opportunities for shared learning both between researchers, and cooperative practitioners. In relation to the former it brings to the fore the ethical challenges of researching with close-knit communities and highlights the need for spaces of silence and slowness in maintaining a researcher’s ethical sensibilities. In relation to the latter, it offers an account of the imperfections, joys and struggles of democratic praxis, and makes visible both the possibility and messy reality of post-capitalist worlds. Most significantly, it reframes the contradictions inherent to cooperatives’ dual social-economic characteristic, not as risks of degeneration, but as creative moments that help worker-members to constantly reassess their practice, and their place within, against and beyond the capitalist economy.

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Wearaduwa, Vidana Kankanamge Thilani Kaushalya. "Economic Efficiency of Occupational Health and Safety Investments at Agricultural Cooperatives". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28861.

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Industries related to agricultural cooperatives record some of the highest injury rates in the U.S. Therefore, agricultural cooperatives are highly motivated to invest in occupational health and safety (OHS). This thesis examines the economic efficiency of OHS investments at agricultural cooperatives and identifies cooperative characteristics leading to greater economic efficiency of OHS investments. A multiple input-output data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate technical efficiency. The effects of cooperative characteristics on the efficiency of OHS investments are estimated using ordinary least squares, censored regression, truncated regression, and the Simar and Wilson (2007) bootstrap procedure. Results show that the mean technical efficiency score was 0.833. Furthermore, a cooperative?s annual insurance premia has a significant, negative relationship with technical efficiency. In contrast, the experience levels of a cooperative?s top safety person and top managerial person and a location?s total workers employed have significant, positive relationships with efficiency in all estimated models.
North Dakota State University. Department of College of Agriculture, Food Systems and Natural Resources

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Erasmus, Zimitri. "Organisational democracy and economic viability in producer cooperatives in the Western Cape Region of South African and in Zimbabwe : case studies and comparative analysis". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17231.

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Bibliography: pages 608-625.
This study is a sociological analysis of participatory-democratic organisations in 'third world' contexts. Firstly, it assesses the degree of participatory democracy in each enterprise studied. Secondly, it explores whether cooperative development is a process. Thirdly, it assesses the applicability of existing theory in the field for organisations in 'third world' contexts. The data used is predominantly qualitative, though quantitative information is utilised. Qualitative data is gathered from in-depth interviews using semi-structured questionnaires, observation and the examination of primary sources. Empirical information is analysed in the light of theoretical constructs reviewed and practical constraints identified by other researchers in the field. The key construct is an 'ideal-type' participatory-democratic organisation. Significant findings include the following: (a) cooperatives in 'third world' contexts are formed and joined primarily for material reasons; (b) specific constraints include a severe lack of basic education among cooperators, relationships of dependency between co-ops and service organisations, and a 'survival' consciousness among cooperative members; (c) the nature of relationships between cooperatives and service organisations have significant implications for co-op development; (d) there is a relationship between organisational structures and viability as an economic unit and (e) members in different positions in the enterprise have different conceptions of cooperation. The study concludes that cooperative development is a process involving different stages characterised by different degrees of participation in decision-making, viability, organisational development and cooperative consciousness.

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Heimbrandt, Andreas. "Styrelsens roll och uppgifter i det lantbrukskooperativa företaget : en fallanalys /". Uppsala : Institutionen för ekonomi, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10522837.pdf.

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Vogler, Larry L. "An evaluation of changes in supply structure on the economic viability of farm supply cooperatives". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80330.

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The volatile economic world of agriculture in the past two decades has had a significant impact on agribusinesses. Among these agribusinesses are farm supply cooperatives. Consolidation of farm supply cooperative stores could help to correct many inefficiencies which they face. This research attempted to create a model which would help cooperative managers consider consolidation of cooperative stores or product lines as a method to correct inefficiencies and lower the costs of doing business. A microcomputer based linear programming model which simulates the product/trade flows of a farm supply cooperative trade area was developed. This model simulates consumer behavior by minimizing the net cost (purchase price plus cost of transport) of purchasing agricultural supplies to the patron. Using the simulated product flows, the financial situation of the trade area was presented. The model was tested by analyzing several consolidation scenarios based on the costs, prices, and asset capacities of a sample trade area. Consolidation of the feed and fertilizer product lines into one location was found to be a very successful cost saving scenario for the sample trade area.
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Tauatsoala, Mahlola Michael. "The economic impact of agricultural co-operatives on women in the rural areas of Polokwane Municipality". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/500.

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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011
The introduction and establishment of co-operatives by the State was for purposes of fighting and alleviating poverty through creating jobs, particularly in the rural areas,which were mostly neglected by the previous apartheid State. In order to deal with these social ills and malady, the new democratic government introduced cooperatives to mitigate these challenges. These good intensions are often countered by lack of commitment by State officials and reluctance from other institutions to assist co-operatives to be catalysts in fighting poverty and unemployment in South Africa, despite their noble intentions. In other developed countries, co-operatives are given serious attention, not only because they are catalysts in poverty alleviation, but because they can make huge economic interventions with regard to economic growth and economic development. The intention of this study was to make an assessment of whether or not agricultural co-operatives have any economic impact on women in the rural areas of Polokwane Municipality, since their inception as entities for local economic development. The study also assesses whether or not the State supports these entities in a variety of forms. For this purpose, four co-operatives have been used as a Case Study,namely, Mashashane Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Mashashane; Phegelelo Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Thaba village; Mothiba Agricultural Co-operative at Ga-Mothiba; and Itireleng Agricultural Co-operative at Matamanyane village in Moletjie

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Más fuentes

Libros sobre el tema "Economic cooperatives"

£ev, Miroslav Nikolaevich Kondrat. Cooperatives, work and initiative. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Pub. House, 1989.

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Khandare, B. D. Growth of sugar cooperatives and economic development. New Delhi: Serials Publications, 2007.

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Indonesia. Direktorat Penerangan Luar Negeri., ed. Cooperatives approaching free trade area. [Jakarta]: Directorate of Foreign Information Services, Directorate General of General Information, Dept. of Information, Republic of Indonesia, 1997.

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Mabwa, D. A history of cooperatives in Bugisu. Kampala: Bonacraft Studios Limited, 2017.

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Soulama, S. Cooperatives et development au Burkina. Ouagadougou: Centre d'études, documentation, de recherches économique et sociale (C.E.D.R.E.S.) de l'Université de Ouagadougou, 1987.

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Folsom, Joe. Measuring the economic impact of cooperatives in Minnesota. [Washington, D.C.]: United States Department of Agriculture, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, 2003.

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Dutta, Jimut Bahan. Cooperatives and economic development in North East India. Shillong, Meghalaya: Nandita Dutta, 2006.

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Ambhore, S. S. Economic impact of dairy cooperatives on Indian farmer. Ambala Cantt: Associated Publishers, 2009.

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Heckmann, Friedrich y Eckart Spoo. Wirtschaft von unten: Selbsthilfe und Kooperation. Heilbronn: Distel, 1997.

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Cooperatives and socialism: A view from Cuba. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Economic cooperatives"

McBride, Glynn. "Economic Feasibility of a Cooperative". En Agricultural Cooperatives, 101–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6882-3_7.

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George, Donald A. R. "Workers’ Cooperatives under Capitalism". En Economic Democracy, 64–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11648-5_4.

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van Dijk, Gert, Panagiota Sergaki y George Baourakis. "Cooperatives in Economic Literature—Capita Selecta". En The Cooperative Enterprise, 125–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16279-5_7.

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Khan, Shahrukh Rafi. "Producer cooperatives in Kerala, India". En Economic Successes in South Asia, 135–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003176411-13.

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Lazaridou, Dimitra, Anastasios Michailidis, Stefanos Nastis, Efstratios Loizou y Aikaterini Paltaki. "How to start or be in a Union or Coperative?" En Manuali – Scienze Tecnologiche, 34. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-044-3.34.

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Cooperatives in the EU Member States are subject to the provisions of the Council Regulation 1435/2003. However, cooperative legislation is different among the EU states and most countries have specific rules applicable to cooperatives. There are some steps for setting up a cooperative, which are summarized in: Identification of a common economic goal for potential members, decision about the number of members recruited, their rights and responsibilities, determination of business feasibility, development of a business plan, preparation of legal papers and implementation of the business plan. In many European countries, cooperatives can have a legal status either as a cooperative society with limited or unlimited liability, as an economic interest grouping or as a joint-stock company. Most EU Member have no mandatory provision regarding the minimum capital stock or the minimum number of members for setting up a cooperative.

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Weitz, Raanan. "Rural Cooperation and the Stages of Economic Growth". En Agricultural Cooperatives in Transition, 367–79. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429041693-23.

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DiZerega, Gus. "Contract, Freedom, and Flourishing: The Implications of Spain’s Mondragon Cooperatives". En Austrian Theory and Economic Organization, 123–46. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137368805_6.

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Mutiarni, Rita, Ubud Salim, Eko Ganis Sukoharsono y Mintarti. "Islamic Human Capital". En Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 696–700. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_87.

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AbstractAs one of the countries with the largest Muslim population globally, Indonesia is trying to overcome poverty by driving the community’s economy through various economic institutions, one of which is sharia cooperatives. But unfortunately, even though the majority of the Indonesian population is Muslim, sharia cooperatives are less attractive to the public and have a slow performance compared to conventional cooperatives. Various previous studies stated that the main problem in the management of sharia cooperatives is the ability of their human resources or commonly known as human capital. This paper tries to present a new view of human capital from the point of view of the Islamic religion called Islamic human capital.

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Vieta, Marcelo. "Recuperating and (re)learning the language of autogestión in Argentina's empresas recuperadas worker cooperatives". En Languages of Economic Crises, 69–90. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003183488-5.

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Zhulina, Elena G., Olga B. Mizyakina, Tatyana L. Myagkova, Ivetta Y. Zakharyashcheva y Natalia A. Sinelnikova. "Sustainability of Consumer Cooperatives in the Context of Economic Security". En Сooperation and Sustainable Development, 249–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77000-6_29.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Economic cooperatives"

SUBIĆ, Jonel y Marko JELOČNIK. "ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PUBLIC SUPPORT IN PROMOTION OF COOPERATIVES IN SERBIA". En Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2021/10/12.

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Agricultural cooperatives are excellent tool for strengthening the competitiveness of overall agriculture and individual farms. In previous period there are significant state support allocated to affirmation and development of reasonable entrepreneurial initiatives related to agricultural cooperatives. Even more are valued the sustainable business ideas that have initiated organization of processing at the cooperative level. The main goal of paper is to present the part of mechanism for assessing the economic effectiveness of planed investment in medicinal plants production and processing at selected agricultural cooperative that will be granted from public fund. Investment project suppose the modernization and purchase of missing production elements that will boost the production results of observed cooperative active in sector of medicinal plants. To perceive if or how much the investment is internally/externally economically welcomed, it will be conducted the investment analysis based on use of common static methods. Besides the strengthening of cooperative economic sustainability, both sides, i.e. policy maker and agricultural cooperative, are expecting that realization of investment will surely has certain ecological and social impact to cooperative and local community. Gained results of investment analysis show that supporting the investment in medicinal plant production and processing could be a win-win combination for observed cooperative and local community it belongs.

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Yücel, Mustafa, Yaşar Aktaş y Neslişah Taner. "What are the New Functions of Agriculture Cooperatives in the Progress of Globalization? The Case of Agriculture Cooperatives of Kastamonu". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01231.

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While production and markets have been becoming more integrated since barriers to the international trade reduced, capital movements and the speed of spreading of technology increased with the progress of globalization, issues regarding to agriculture, environment, women, employment, and education became more critical. In this research, “by which functions and missions can agricultural cooperatives sustain their assets under globalized conditions” is the major research question. In the research, 19 cooperatives were chosen among 308 cooperatives, depending on their distance to Kastamonu, foundation year, and the amount of member. Subjects were determined by their traits and occupations. 164 subjects were interviewed via survey questions in 2014-2015. In research, “The situation-specific approach” model, developed by Hartmut Albrecht was applied. Because of the progress of change in organizational values, agriculture cooperatives have to undertake new functions in addition to maintaining agricultural production. The functions can be classified into 4 categories as socio-economic (taking local goods to international markets, recording incomes in the agriculture sector, and creating new employment positions to reduce migration to urban), international relations (developing new projects toward internationalizing to collaborate with other cooperatives), planning (making long-term strategic plans), and education (training women in rural areas, and obtaining their collaboration in cooperative campaigns, and educating future's cooperative managers).

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Matyja, Małgorzata, Magdalena Rajchelt-Zublewicz y Estera Piwoni-Krzeszowska. "Financial Standing of Polish and Czech Agricultural Cooperatives". En Hradec Economic Days 2019, editado por Petra Maresova, Pavel Jedlicka y Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2019-02-008.

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Feldmane, Liene y Andra Zvirbule. "Influence of institutional framework on economic activity of agricultural cooperatives: Latvia’s case". En 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.004.

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Given the important role of agricultural cooperatives in strengthening competitiveness and market power of farmers in the food chain, it is essential to understand the competitiveness of their own economic activities. The purpose of this article is to summarize the institutional base affecting agricultural cooperation to assess its impact on the economic activity. To reach the goal, the normative documents that affect the agricultural co-operation directly were gathered and studied, and certain institutional obstacles and problems affecting the cooperation of economic activity were highlighted. At the end, conclusions on the institutional framework for economic activity of agricultural cooperatives in Latvia and suggestions on the legislative changes needed to improve the competitiveness of agricultural cooperatives are offered.

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Matyja, Małgorzata y Magdalena Rajchelt-Zublewicz. "An Empirical Study of Modernity in Agricultural Cooperatives in Poland". En Hradec Economic Days 2018, editado por Petra Maresova, Pavel Jedlicka y Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2018-02-006.

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Li, Yi y Zhu Xihua. "Short Analysis of the stakeholders’ benefit and satisfaction about Rural Land Share Cooperatives of the Southern Jiangsu Province". En 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ztfm2175.

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The agricultural land around Shanghai is famous for its huge population and intensive cultivation. With the expansion of the metropolis, a large number of agricultural people have entered the city to work, and rural land has been abandoned1,2. In 2009, Kunshan City implemented a land transfer system, and 99% of the cultivated land was packaged for large scale farmers, and initially realized large‐scale operation3 . However, the large‐scale business model has gradually experienced problems such as predatory management, ecological destruction, and no sense of social responsibility. Through the establishment of agricultural land share cooperatives, Changyun Village took the lead in realizing the collective management of agricultural land, taking shares in the land, giving priority to paying dividends to the land, and paying wages to the farmers working in the cooperative. The peasants' enthusiasm for entering the city has become an important buffer for the migrants to work in Shanghai and surrounding village.It has increased the employment rate. At the same time, it has supplied green agricultural products to the city, passed on agricultural technology, and activated local communities. This article intends to analyse the correlation between several village share cooperative models based on Changyun Village and the large family farm contracting model of more than ten villages, and the satisfaction of villagers, combined with property rights theory, scale economy theory, and accounting cooperatives. Cost‐benefit, evaluate the effect of “long cloud-style” collectivization on revitalizing the surrounding villages of metropolises and assess the satisfaction of governments at all levels. Through field interviews and questionnaire surveys, the correlation analysis of village cadres and villagers' satisfaction was conducted. The government is optimistic about the role of the "long cloud model" in grassroots management and improvement of people's livelihood. Even if public finances are required to invest a large amount of money, it is necessary to strengthen the medical and social security of the villagers. The government is also quite satisfied with the Changyun model. At present, the economic benefits of the stock cooperatives have steadily increased. Although the growth rate is not large, the villagers have a strong sense of well‐being, and the village's ecological environment has been improved. In the future, the cost of the village will be reduced after the large scale operation, and the overall economic benefits will be improved. The future research direction will be how to solve the specific problems that plague the cooperative's production and operation, such as low rice prices and lack of high value added finishing facilities to continue to activate the surrounding areas of the metropolis and improve the satisfaction of the government and villagers.

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Gendová, Kristína y Marcela Chrenková. "Sociálne podnikanie v európskom poľnohospodárstve". En XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-76.

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The social economy provides participation of local actors in territorial development and local collective economic activity in order to increase quality of life of the population. This sector is highly diversified, in terms of legal form, size of enterprises, sectors and impact. After 1990, the concept of multifunctional agriculture began to be implemented in the EU, according to which agriculture should fulfill, among others, a social and cultural-social function. To a greater or lesser extent, agriculture had a social function in the past. This role is currently extended and supported by the concept of social agriculture. The aim of the paper is to examine the scope of social entrepreneurship and agriculture as a part of the social economy and its legal forms and types in European countries. The main sources of data for the preparation of the paper were the European Commission's country reports entitled Social Enterprises and Their Ecosystems in Europe (2020) and OECD analytical materials. Main result of the research is the finding that the diversity of the social economy, based on the historical background of its development in individual countries, is extensive. Legal forms are regionally specific. The cooperative form is the most widespread legal form of the social economy. There are specific types of cooperatives in countries. Cooperatives are located more in the countryside (associations and foundations are relevant for the urban environment). Social agriculture widely operates in the cooperative form.

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Timčić, Ana. "ЗАДРУЖНА РЕВИЗИЈА КАО УСЛУГА И ПРАВНА СИГУРНОСТ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ". En XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.141t.

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The attractiveness of the certain economic environment is directly conditioned by the freedom of contracting and the freedom to provide services in the conditions of previously established legal certainty. To fulfill these assumptions, the legislative activity is crucial. Thus, in addition to the legal norms that guarantee competitive market conditions for performing economic activities for all types of business entities, the legislator's task is to determine an efficient system of control over the work and operations of these companies in accordance with the already prescribed and enforceable effective legal sanctions in cases of deviation from the standardized. In accordance with the aforementioned, the author of the work on the basis of the provisions of the Law on Cooperatives from 2015, analyzes the legal opinion of the cooperative audit as a special type of supervision over the work and operation of cooperatives and the contribution of this type of service to the establishment of legal certainty. Also, the subject of analysis is the historical development of this legal and economic entity in the Republic of Serbia, as well as its conceptual determination, characteristics, features and functions.

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Petchprapunkul, Chanchai. "Economic Mix from the Convergence and Divergence among Capitalism Economics System, Institutionalism Economics Concept and Cooperatives Economics Doctrine". En 3d International Conference on Applied Social Science Research (ICASSR 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassr-15.2016.81.

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Zvirbule, Andra, Anita Auzina, Gunta Grinberga-Zalite y Diana Liva. "ORGANIC GRAIN PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES IN LATVIA BY USING THE MOST APPROPRIATE COOPERATION MODEL". En 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s21.079.

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The most significant challenges of organic farming are the fragmentation of the sector, unstable product supply and sales opportunities, as well as the lack of knowledge of how to manage agricultural production agronomically and economically effective. The predominant form of agricultural enterprises in Latvia is small and medium-sized farms. Thus, cooperation is an effective solution so that farmers can maintain the form of a family business and achieve an appropriate economic market, which would contribute to the possibility of sales and the value of the products produced. However, there are no fully organic and eligible grain cooperatives in Latvia in 2021. The research aim: to analyse factors affecting the needs of organic grain production through various alternatives to cooperation models. To achieve the aim, the following research methods were employed: logical construction, the graphical method, the monographic method, expert interviewing and factor ranking analysis. The research concluded that the factors influencing organic grain producer needs were most effectively implemented through the fully organic grain cooperative form � the normal distribution was 40.32. The weakest form of cooperation that provided opportunities for the development of organic grain production was mixed-type cooperatives, which combined both organic and conventional agricultural production. The normal distribution for mixed-type cooperatives was 25.00. The development of organic farming could be promoted by cooperation between organic producers. An organic single-product cooperative directly addresses the needs of organic producers � merging small and medium farms and providing appropriate infrastructure �, thus contributing to production consolidation and competitiveness.

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Informes sobre el tema "Economic cooperatives"

Ahmed AlGarf, Yasmine. Harnessing the Power of the Collective: The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative in Aswan, Egypt. Oxfam IBIS, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7857.

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The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative is a success story that has transformed the lives of its members, who had been finding it hard to obtain employment. They are now focused on creating their own enterprise. Started in 2018, today the cooperative’s membership has expanded tenfold and created employment opportunities by using the principles of social solidarity economy and collective business models. The Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) project in Egypt, developed in partnership with the Better Life Association for Community Development (BLACD), provided technical training to the cooperative in handicrafts production, as well as life skills training, to empower the workers to continue despite all the societal pressure for them to give up. Assistance from BLACD came in when it was needed. Particularly during the COVID-19 crisis, with the tourism market shut down, BLACD has provided crucial technical advice and support, supporting the cooperative to brainstorm and identify several parallel income-generating activities. This case study contains some testimonies from members of the cooperative on how their collective strength was harnessed to create employment and income.

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Waller, Stephen B. Fostering Cooperative Relations With China: U.S. Economic and Military Strategy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febrero de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada500984.

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Buiter, Willem y Kenneth Kletzer. The Welfare Economics of Cooperative and Noncooperative Fiscal Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, abril de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3329.

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Castillo Garrido, Julieth, Fabio Bonilla Gómez y Juan Carlos Pérez Tovar. El Liderazgo en el sector de la Economía Solidaria: un análisis desde la particularidad del concepto. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, abril de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.5789.

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En la actualidad, merced a la importancia que tiene el aporte de las cooperativas a la solución de problemas sobre necesidades de las comunidades de base, cobra relevancia el debate sobre la formación de los líderes en competencias y habilidades que permitan cristalizar los fines y objetos que esas comunidades persigan y al tiempo se constituyan en verdaderos núcleos de fraternidad y progreso. El propósito del escrito es dar cuenta, por medio de un breve ejercicio descriptivo y analítico, del desarrollo del concepto de líder y liderazgo referido al sector solidario, enfatizando por un lado, en lo que se propone desde la teoría y por el otro, en lo que constituye la suma de complejidades para abordar el concepto y su materialización en el campo de la experiencia. En ese sentido se establecen las diferencias entre lo que es dirección y liderazgo, desde las virtudes que debería poseer para realizarse como líder solidario, destacando el compromiso, actitudes y empatía, como necesarios para un liderazgo eficaz. Una conclusión relevante es que se debe superar la brecha entre lo que es el deber ser de un líder cooperativo y la realidad, ya que en las comunidades los líderes aparecen en circunstancias de necesidades de emprendimiento, para solucionar problemas que aquejan a un grupo y esos líderes no suelen estar formados en los aspectos cognitivos del liderazgo.

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Hipp, Tamina y Melanie Jaeger-Erben. Homo economicus or homo cooperativus? Images of the (unsustainable) consumers. University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10182.

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Pérez Muñoz, Colombia. Así se vive la economía social y solidaria en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia: informe 2017-2019. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, diciembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/wpgp.06.

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La Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia ha sido una Institución Auxiliar del Cooperativismo y de la Economía Solidaria desde su fundación. A lo largo de los años, desde el Instituto de Economía Social y Cooperativismo (Indesco), que es su célula madre, se ha mantenido el compro-miso con el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de la economía solidaria como realidad, teoría y proyecto, y ello ha constituido un atributo que le da identidad institucional a la universidad. Lo anterior ha implicado definir acciones desde las funciones misionales y de apoyo para hacer de este objeto de estudio también una vivencia institucional. De tal manera, a lo largo de los años se pueden establecer hitos que dan cuenta del impacto, el efecto y los productos que genera la economía solidaria en la universidad, en las regiones donde se tiene radio de acción y en el mundo a través de las redes académicas y gremiales en las cuales participa. En la ruta se evidencian diferentes ritmos y liderazgos; y resulta clave evidenciar que a partir del primer plan estratégico del siglo XXI, el tema se ha mantenido como un proceso de activación permanente del ADN cooperativo y solidario para la comunidad universitaria. En los últimos años, se aprecia una comunidad académica interdisciplinaria creciente, todos los campus dan cuenta de actividades y proyectos de investigación, docencia y/o proyección social que dejan huella en los territorios, y se han documentado prácticas de docentes, estudiantes y administrativos que viven la economía solidaria y se conectan con pares en el mundo desde sus diferentes expresiones como una alternativa para el desarrollo sostenible. Este documento de trabajo se presenta como una línea base generada entre los años 2017 y 2019 para seguir construyendo juntos, desde la comunidad universitaria, un proceso que aporte a la construcción del futuro que queremos a partir del trabajo, la cooperación, la ayuda mutua, la autogestión y la democracia en escenarios orientados al buen vivir en armonía con el planeta.

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Felix, Meier, Wilfried Rickels, Christian Traeger y Martin Quaas. Working paper published on NETs in strategically interacting regions based on simulation and analysis in an extended ACE model. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d1.5.

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Net-zero climate policies foresee deployment of atmospheric carbon dioxide removal wit geological, terrestrial, or marine carbon storage. While terrestrial and geological storage would be governed under the framework of national property rights, marine storage implies that carbon is transferred from one global common, the atmosphere, to another global common, the ocean, in particular if storage exceeds beyond coastal applications. This paper investigates the option of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and storage in different (marine) reservoir types in an analytic climate-economy model, and derives implications for optimal mitigation efforts and CDR deployment. We show that the introduction of CDR lowers net energy input and net emissions over the entire time path. Furthermore, CDR affects the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) via changes in total economic output but leaves the analytic structure of the SCC unchanged. In the first years after CDR becomes available the SCC is lower and in later years it is higher compared to a standard climate-economy model. Carbon dioxide emissions are first higher and then lower relative to a world without CDR. The paper provides the basis for the analysis of decentralized and potentially non-cooperative CDR policies.

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Gamba Barrera, Horacio, Sohely Rúa Castañeda, Luis Jorge Duran Charris, Luz Máyele Rodríguez, Luis Eduardo Ramírez Tovar, Elkin Manuel Pava Gómez y Jesús Enrique Moncayo Muñoz. Aproximaciones conceptuales a la economía solidaria: curso institucional II. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, mayo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.22.

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La presente nota de clase busca aportar algunas aproximaciones conceptuales para el curso Institucional II: Economía Solidaria, de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, el cual se lleva a cabo en la modalidad virtual. Este curso hace parte del currículo de pregrado en el componente de competencias genéricas, en este caso, en lo relacionado con la denominación y el campo de estudio de la economía solidaria. Este material será de utilidad para que el estudiante reconozca un contexto teórico y algunos conceptos clave que le facilitarán el proceso de aprendizaje y, a la vez, que pueda identificar que se espera de él en el desarrollo de la competencia del curso. Esta nota de clase se integra a la estrategia de actualización periódica de cursos liderada por el departamento de Economía Solidaria.

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Keller, Jonathan. Economic and Performance Analysis of Gear Box Failures. Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-07-236. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octubre de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225966.

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Shekiro, Joe y Richard Elander. Xylo-Oligosaccharide Process Development, Composition, and Techno-Economic Analysis. Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-12-483. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1233147.

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