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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Forest soils Soil compaction"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 5 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Forest soils Soil compaction"

Steber, Aaron, Ken Brooks, Charles H. Perry y Kolka Randy. "Surface Compaction Estimates and Soil Sensitivity in Aspen Stands of the Great Lakes States". Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2007): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.4.276.

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Abstract Aspen forests in the Great Lakes States support much of the regional timber industry. Management-induced soil compaction is a concern because it affects forest health and productivity and soil erosion. Soil compaction increases bulk density and soil strength and can also decrease air and water movement into and through the soil profile. Currently, most inventories, and specifically the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, use qualitative estimates of soil compaction. This study compared qualitative estimates with quantitative measurements on aspen clearcuts in five national forests in the Great Lakes States. Research sites were stratified into classes of high and low potential for soil compaction on the basis of soil texture. Qualitative visual assessments of compaction were made according to Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) phase 3 protocols and compared with physical measurements of bulk density, soil compression strength, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. No differences in compaction between high- and low-risk soils were detected using visual assessments, but quantitative measurements in high-risk, fine-textured soils indicated greater compaction than low-risk, coarse-textured soils. These results illustrate shortcomings in qualitative estimates of compaction made according to FIA phase 3 field protocols. Inexpensive quantitative measurements, such as those taken with a pocket penetrometer, may be sufficient to quantify compaction levels within the plots.

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Startsev, A. D. y D. H. McNabb. "Effects of compaction on aeration and morphology of boreal forest soils in Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2009): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss06037.

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Poor soil aeration is a factor limiting the productivity of boreal forests in western Canada. Soil compaction reduces air-filled porosity, which is hypothesized to further restrict soil aeration. Soil morphology at nine clearcut sites in west-central Alberta that had been significantly compacted by ground-based harvesting equipment and soil in an adjacent non-trafficked control were related to air-filled porosity and redox regimes. A warm-season air-filled porosity of about 0.1 m3 m-3 separated soils having adequate or restricted aeration, and was confirmed by redox < 200 mV. The values applied to both the undisturbed and compacted soil. Ratios of Feo:Fed and acid-soluble Fe:Mn in concretions were only associated with hydromorphism of undisturbed soil. Compaction reduced soil aeration for 3–4 yr after harvesting, and changed morphology of moderately well-drained soil to imperfectly drained soil at two of four sites; faster removal of water because of slope or vegetation probably prevented changes at the other two sites. Morphology of better and poorer drained soils was not altered by compaction because they either remain adequately aerated or aeration was naturally restricted. Sites with moderately well-drained soils are most at risk of detrimental soil compaction and in need of protective measures to maintain their productivity in these forests. Key words: Soil morphology, drainage class, air-filled porosity, soil aeration, redox potential, boreal forest soils, compaction

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Pohořalý, J., R. Klvač, T. Kent, M. Kleibl, E. Coates y B. Horgan. "Impact of forest biomass for energy harvesting on soil compaction – Irish case study". Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 12 (27 de noviembre de 2014): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/89/2014-jfs.

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An assessment of soil compaction caused by machinery used in stump and/or logging residue extraction for energy on soils typical of Ireland. We determined unaffected soil conditions and to find the compaction grade after timber harvesting and bundling activities, and to compare those results with stands where timber harvesting was followed by stump extraction for energy. The investigation was carried out in Ireland on three different locations which had a slightly different proportion of stones in their soils. Two of the soils were purely mineral soils, and the third was a mineral soil affected by anthropogenic activities. To ensure comparable results as much as possible, the moisture content of the soil on wet basis was investigated. Each location was purposely treated. Therefore, on each location plots were identified as follows: plots unaffected by operation (reference area), plots after timber harvesting, plots after timber harvesting and bundling operation, and plots after timber harvesting and stump extraction operation. According to the experimental design 40 repetitions on each of the three different treatments were set. The results showed that the compaction of soil occurred on plots after timber harvesting, but there was not a significant difference between compaction grades with and without logging residue bundling operation. However, once the site was extracted of stumps, the soil became too loose and no significant difference was found compared to unaffected soil.  

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Krzic, M., C. E. Bulmer, F. Teste, L. Dampier y S. Rahman. "Soil properties influencing compactability of forest soils in British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2004): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-056.

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The widespread use of heavy machinery during harvesting and site preparation in timber plantations in British Columbia (BC) has led to concerns that compaction causes a reduction in long-term soil productivity. Impacts of properties such as total C, water content, and texture on compactability of forest soils in BC were assessed. Two compactability indices were used: maximum bulk density (MBD) and susceptibility to compaction (SC) determined by the standard Proctor test. Soil samples were collected from 16 sites throughout BC covering a wide range of biogeoclimatic zones. Soils varied in texture (12 to 87% sand, 9 to 76% silt, and 2 to 53% clay) and organic matter content (18 to 76 g kg-1 total C). A strong negative correlation was observed between MBD and gravimetric water content at which MBD was achieved (WMBD) and between MBD and total C. Similarly, WMBD and total C had strong effects on SC. The estimation of either MBD or SC values was not substantially improved by including texture parameters to the regression equations in addition to the total C. The implication of the relationships observed in this study is that increases in soil organic matter reduce the risk of compactability, which is particularly important for forest soils where compaction is generally not corrected by implements after tree planting. The information is also useful for assessing the extent of compaction on soils affected by machine traffic. Key words: Soil compaction, Susceptibility to compaction, maximum bulk density, Proctor test, total carbon

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Brais, S. y C. Camiré. "Soil compaction induced by careful logging in the claybelt region of northwestern Quebec (Canada)". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1998): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-032.

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Soil compaction induced by forest harvesting operations can reduce site productivity. Intensity, extent and persistence of soil compaction were assessed on fine- to medium- and coarse-textured soils. Severe compaction took place in the wheel track section of the skid trails. On fine- to medium-textured soils, half of the effects on the 0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm mineral soil bulk densities (+11 and +8%) and half of the changes in the 10-cm depth soil strength (+69%) occurred in the course of the first two skidding cycles (cycle of half impact). On coarse soils, half of the effect on the 0- to 10-cm bulk density (+11%) occurred during the first three passes. Cycles of half impact for soil strength were 9, 14, 7 and 6 for the 2.5-, 5-, 10-, and 20-cm depths and corresponded to increases of 235, 402, 157 and 103% respectively. Compaction was more limited between track sections of trails. Six to twelve years following clearcutting on fine- to medium-textured soils, 0- to 10-cm soil bulk density was less in the skid trails than on the undisturbed sections of cutovers. Careful logging on moist, fine- to medium-textured soils is the safest way to limit the extent of soil compaction. On coarse-textured soils, spreading the traffic remains a valid option. Key words: Soil compaction, bulk density, soil strength, forest harvesting, careful logging

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Kulak, Dariusz, Janusz M. Sowa, Grzegorz Szewczyk y Arkadiusz Stańczykiewicz. "The Accessibility of Post-Fire Areas for Mechanized Thinning Operations". Forests 11, n.º 4 (22 de abril de 2020): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040471.

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In 1992, in Southern Poland, large areas of Silesian forests were affected by the country’s largest forest fire. Stands introduced in the 9000-ha post-fire region are currently undergoing early thinning. Due to the scope of these treatments, the chance for their timely implementation is ensured only by the application of cut-to-length (CTL) technologies, i.e., with the use of harvesters and forwarders. The use of CTL technologies may, however, be difficult due to the fire history of these stands, which could affect the bearing capacity of their soils. The objective of this study is to determine the accessibility of stands for forest machines in relation to the bearing capacity of the soils and changes in soil compaction in the post-fire sites. Soil compaction was measured in terms of penetrometer resistance in the stands introduced in the post-fire area in question, as well as in control stands growing on five different soil types. It was shown that in the topsoil layer—from 8 to 18 cm thick depending on the soil type—differences in soil compaction in the post-fire and control areas were relatively small. The impacts of the forest fire—manifested as a significant increase in the compaction of the forest soils—were still visible, but only in the deeper layers of the soil profile. In all of the compared pairs of forest compartments located in the stands regenerated after the fire, significantly higher values of cone indexes (CI) were found. The average value of this index in the post-fire stands was 2.15 MPa, while in the control stands it was 1.60 MPa, which indicates that in both groups of stands the bearing capacity of the soils should not limit the accessibility for vehicles used for timber harvesting and extraction.

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Dias Junior, Moacir de Souza, Sebastião da Fonseca, Cezar Francisco Araújo Júnior y Arystides Resende Silva. "Soil compaction due to forest harvest operations". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, n.º 2 (febrero de 2007): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000200015.

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The objective of this work was to determine, through the use of the bearing capacity model, the traffic effects of the forest harvest operations on the preconsolidation pressure (sigmap), during one cycle of the eucalyptus plantation. The work was conducted using undisturbed soil samples, collected at the surface of the A horizon and in the top of the B horizon of an Udult (PA), Aquox (FX) and Udox (LA) soils. The undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression tests. The soil sampling was done before and after the harvest operations. The operations performed with the Forwarder caused greater soil compaction than the ones done with the Feller Büncher and Harvester. The percentage of soil samples, in the region with additional soil compaction, indicated that the Udult was the soil class more susceptible to soil compaction, followed by the Aquox and Udox. Despite Udult is the more susceptible to soil compaction, the regeneration of the soil structure in this soil class was more efficient than in Aquox. The percentage of soil samples with sigmap values in the region with additional soil compaction in 1996, 1998 and 2004, after harvest operations, indicated a sustainable forest exploration in this period.

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Williamson, J. R. y W. A. Neilsen. "The influence of forest site on rate and extent of soil compaction and profile disturbance of skid trails during ground-based harvesting". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2000): 1196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-041.

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Soil compaction has been considered a principal form of damage associated with logging, restricting root growth and reducing productivity. The rate and extent of soil compaction on skid trails was measured at six field locations covering a range of dry and wet forests. Data was collected for up to 21 passes of a laden logging machine. A similar extent of compaction, averaging 0.17 g·cm-3 increase in total soil bulk density (BD), was recorded for all field sites despite substantial site and soil differences. On average, 62% of the compaction in the top 10 cm of the soil occurred after only one pass of a laden logging machine. The environment under which soils had formed played a major role in determining the BD of the undisturbed soil. Compaction was strongly related to the original BD, forest type, and soil parent material. Soil strengths obtained in the field fell below levels found to restrict root growth. However, reduction in macropores, and the effect of that on aeration and drainage could reduce tree growth. On the wettest soils logged, machine forces displaced topsoils rather than causing compaction in situ. Recommended logging methods and implications for the development of sustainability indices are discussed.

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Zou, C., R. Sands, G. Buchan y I. Hudson. "Least limiting water range: a potential indicator of physical quality of forest soils". Soil Research 38, n.º 5 (2000): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99108.

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The interactions of the 4 basic soil physical properties—volumetric water content, matric potential, soil strength, and air-filled porosity—were investigated over a range of contrasting textures and for 3 compaction levels of 4 forest soils in New Zealand, using linear and non-linear regression methods. Relationships among these properties depended on texture and bulk density. Soil compaction increased volumetric water contents at field capacity, at wilting point, and at the water contents associated with restraining soil strength values, but decreased the water content when air-filled porosity was limiting. The integrated effect of matric potential, air-filled porosity, and soil strength on plant growth was described by the single parameter, least limiting water range (LLWR). LLWR defines a range in soil water content within which plant growth is least likely to be limited by the availability of water and air in soil and the soil strength. Soil compaction narrowed or decreased LLWR in most cases. In coarse sandy soil, initial compaction increased LLWR, but further compaction decreased LLWR. LLWR is sensitive to variations in forest management practices and is a potential indicator of soil physical condition for sustainable forest management.

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Martins, Paula Cristina Caruana, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, Ernesto Norio Takahashi y Diego Tassinari. "Soil compaction during harvest operations in five tropical soils with different textures under eucalyptus forests". Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, n.º 1 (febrero de 2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018421005217.

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ABSTRACT Traffic of farm machinery during harvest and logging operations has been identified as the main source of soil structure degradation in forestry activity. Soil susceptibility to compaction and the amount of compaction caused by each forest harvest operation differs according to a number of factors (such as soil strength, soil texture, kind of equipment, traffic intensity, among many others), what requires the adequate assessment of soil compaction under different traffic conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine the susceptibility to compaction of five soil classes with different textures under eucalyptus forests based on their load bearing capacity models; and to determine, from these models and the precompression stresses obtained after harvest operations, the effect of traffic intensity with different equipment in the occurrence of soil compaction. Undisturbed soil samples were collected before and after harvest operations, being then subjected to uniaxial compression tests to determine their precompression stress. The coarse-textured soils were less resistant and endured greater soil compaction. In the clayey LVd2, traffic intensity below four Forwarder passes limited compaction to a third of the samples, whereas in the sandy loam PVd all samples from the 0-3 cm layer were compacted regardless of traffic intensity. The Feller Buncher and the Clambunk presented a high potential to cause soil compaction even with only one or two passes. The use of soil load bearing capacity models and precompression stress determined after harvest and logging operations allowed insight into the soil compaction process in forestry soils.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Forest soils Soil compaction"

Jones, Mark W. "Soil compaction caused by timber harvesting in central Appalachian hardwood forests". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2926.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 52 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-52).

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Kachamba, Daud Jones. "Impact of harvesting machinery on soil physical parameters : evaluation of ProFor model in three main forestry regions of South Africa /". Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/648.

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Siegel-Issem, Cristina Marie. "Forest Productivity as a Function of Root Growth Opportunity". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36323.

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Compaction caused by certain intensive forest management practices can reduce tree growth, but the causes of growth reduction are usually complex interactions between soil properties and tree species. We used a 7 by 7 factorial greenhouse experiment to create a matrix of bulk density ((Ï b)) and volumetric water content (Î¸v) to determine soil compaction effects on seedling growth of: (i) ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) grown on Dome and Cohasset soils from California; (ii) shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) on a Clarksville soil from Missouri; and (iii) loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) on an Argent soil from South Carolina. We also characterized soil physical properties and determined compaction effects on soil strength, air/water balance and least limiting water range (LLWR) for each of the soils. Optimum water content for compaction varied from 19%(Argent) to 34%(Cohasset). Compactive effort curves varied for the four soils;maximum Ï b were 1.33, 1.52, 1.58 and 1.65 Mg m-3 for the Cohasset, Dome, Clarksville, and Argent soils, respectively. Compression indices ranged from 0.33 to 0.38. In general, soil strength increased linearly with a Î¸v decrease at the higher Ï b levels, but the effect varied with each soil type. Cohasset, with the lowest BD, had the highest soil strength (3.5 MPa), while strengths exceeding 2.0 MPa were not found for the Argent soil. Compaction affected the soil water retention curves and associated air/water balance parameters for all soils, particularly the Cohasset and Dome soils. Aeration porosity became limiting at Ï b of 1.3, 1.42, 1.44 and 1.55 Mg m-3 for the Cohasset, Dome, Clarksville and Argent soils respectively. The LLWR was lowest for the Dome and Argent soils (0.3 cm 3 cm-3 ) and in some cases increased with compaction. Models of root growth opportunity were developed using multiple regression. The general model of root length density (RLD) = b0 + b1 Î¸v + b2 Ï b + b3 Î¸v2 described rooting response for the Clarksville-shortleaf and Argent-loblolly soil-species combinations (p = 0.005). However, the root response of ponderosa pine on Cohasset was linear and pine roots in the Dome soil responded to an interaction between Î¸v and Ï b. No model adequately described oak seedling growth as a function of BD and VW. High soil strength at low water contents and low aeration porosity at high water contents limited root growth. Shoot mass of seedlings growing within the least limiting water range (LLWR) was greater than those growing outside the range for all soil-species combinations except the Argent-loblolly pine (p = 0.05). The loblolly pines had greater shoot mass at volumetric water contents above the upper LLWR limits (aeration limiting). The LLWR is a promising method for integrating compaction's influence on soil properties and thus root growth potential since single factors did not appear to adequately explain each soil's compressibility. Furthermore, response surface models of RLD as a function of VW and BD in conjunction with the LLWR and seasonal site water data have potential for determining compaction- induced soil limitations for tree growth, but need to be calibrated for both soil and species.
Master of Science

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Zhao, Yihai (Simon). "Relative bulk density as an index of soil compaction and forest productivity in British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10318.

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Soil compaction often limits conifer regeneration on sites degraded by construction of landings and roads, but inadequate understanding of compaction characteristics has sometimes led to inappropriate rehabilitation efforts. This warrants development of new methods to assess compaction and its relation to tree growth. The objective of this study was to develop a high-level integration indicator that will characterize compaction of forest soils and that could be correlated to tree height growth. Mineral particle density of soils from interior British Columbia (BC) forests varied significantly among the geographic locations. Oxalate-extractable Fe- and Al-oxides and particle size distribution (PSD) were related to soil and mineral particle densities, while soil organic matter (SOM) and Al- and Fe-oxides were important soil properties in relation to soil particle density. The significance of levels of single soil properties in predicting maximum bulk density (MBD) were in the order: plastic and liquid limits, organic matter content, oxalate-extractable oxide, and PSD. Stratification of the sample according to Atterberg limits improved the predictability of MBD, and variation in particle density was included in the prediction by other soil properties used in the models. Height growth of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Bessin] Franco) was restricted when relative bulk density (RBD) was > 0.72. For lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) and hybrid white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss × engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.), an RBD of 0.60 - 0.63 corresponded to maximum height growth, while that of 0.78 - 0.84 appeared to limit height growth. The presence of surface organic material mitigated compaction and was often associated with lower RBD. Interior Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine planted in low elevation sites in north-central BC did not grow well and their height growth was weakly related to RBD. The results suggest that soil rehabilitation should be considered on disturbed sites where soil RBD is > 0.80. Findings in this study have implications in assessing forest soil compaction and its effect on site productivity. The results will help predict soil behaviour and associated tree growth in response to timber harvesting and site rehabilitation.

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Day, Susan D. "Growth and Physiology of Several Urban Tree Species in Soils Disturbed by Construction Fill or Compaction". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28639.

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Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of applying fill soil around existing trees and mechanisms for species tolerance to soil compaction, both common site disturbances in urban forestry. Groups of 22-year-old white oak (Quercus alba) and 13-year-old sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) were subjected to one of three treatments: a control, fill (20 cm of subsoil spread over the root zones), and compacted fill (same as fill soil, but compacted). Additionally, individual trees had tree wells (fill soil pulled away from trunks), or not. After three years, treatments had no consistent effect on tree growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, or soil respiration. However, soil treatments disrupted normal soil moisture patterns at both sites. Roots of white oak grew into fill layers, although overall root growth was not significantly affected by treatment. Sweetgum roots grew very little into fill soils. However, root distribution shifted upward in the original soil under uncompacted fill. Other factors associated with raising the soil grade, such as soil trafficking and root severance, may be largely responsible for the tree decline often attributed to construction fill. Another experiment investigated the relationship between tolerance of wet soils and the ability to grow in compacted soils. It was hypothesized that tree species tolerant of wet soils would have opportunities for root growth in compacted soil when high soil moisture reduced soil strength. Seedlings of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), a species intolerant of inundation, and silver maple (Acer saccharinum), a bottomland species, were grown in a loam soil maintained at various combinations of soil strength and soil matric potential. In moderately compacted soil (1.5 g cm-3 bulk density), maple seedlings, but not dogwoods, had greater root growth rate, root length per plant, and ratio of root length to root dry weight in the wet soil (0.006 MPa soil matric potential) than in the moist and dry soils (0.026 and 0.06 MPa, respectively). No such effect was detected in highly compacted soil (1.7 g cm-3). It can be concluded that silver maple roots can grow in moderately compacted soil when high soil water content decreases soil strength, whereas dogwood is unable to take advantage of this opportunity.
Ph. D.

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Silva, Jair Rosas da [UNESP]. "Compactação do solo causada pelo tráfego de máquinas na colheita de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101742.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-05-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jr_dr_botfca.pdf: 1243112 bytes, checksum: a6ff73d1d32431a4754520748d549e85 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Foram avaliados os efeitos causados ao solo pelo tráfego de máquinas florestais de corte e baldeio de madeira, com ênfase à compactação, em floresta de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, de 91 meses de idade, através do comportamento de parâmetros físicos e mecânicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, com 480 g.kg-1 de areia total e 430 g.kg-1 de argila. Os tratamentos avaliados foram o trânsito anterior ao experimento, a fase de corte e processamento de madeira, efetuada por colhedora (harvester) sobre esteiras e a fase de extração, por trator transportador autocarregável (forwarder) com rodado de pneus, considerando-se as condições de presença ou ausência de cobertura de galhada. Os parâmetros físicos empregados na avaliação foram: densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, água disponível no solo, taxa de infiltração de água, temperatura do solo e estabilidade de agregados a seco. Os parâmetros mecânicos avaliados foram resistência do solo à penetração e ao cisalhamento, densidade máxima do solo, teor de água crítico para compactação e grau de compactação. Também foram avaliadas a área de contato rodado-solo e a pressão de rodados sobre o solo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo os resultados obtidos submetidos à análise de variância pelo Statistical Analysis System (SAS), com aplicação do teste Tukey a 5% e 10% de significância. Comparativamente, a densidade do solo, a resistência mecânica ao cisalhamento e a pressão de rodados sobre o solo foram maiores após o tráfego do trator transportador em relação ao conferido pela colhedora de madeira. Os parâmetros porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, água disponível e estabilidade de agregados a seco foram maiores na fase de corte de madeira do que na fase de baldeio...
A study of soil compaction was carried out on a Red-Yellow Latosol with 43% of clay and 48% of sand, according to some soil physical and mechanical parameters in a harvester of a 91-month-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden forest. The aim was to evaluate the influence caused by the traffic of a 100 kWa-tracked harvester followed by a 190 kWa-wheeled-forwarder, over and without slash, in comparison to the soil conditions before the harvesting operations. The physical parameters used were soil dry bulk density, total porosity, air-filled porosity, micro porosity, soil water availability and infiltration rate, temperature and soil mean aggregate sizes. The mechanical parameters were soil penetrometer resistance, shear strength, Proctor test and machine ground pressure. A randomized-block trial with 15 replicates was used, applying Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and Tukey test at 5% and 10% significance levels. Results showed that wheeled-forwarder increased soil dry bulk density, soil shear strength and soil machine pressure in relation to the tracked-harvester. Thus, the parameters total porosity, air-filled porosity, micro porosity, soil water availability and soil mean aggregate sizes were higher on harvesting than on wood hauling. The wheeled-forwarder operating without slash produced a higher soil dry bulk density, temperature and soil compaction degree. Also, this work condition decreased total porosity and air-filled porosity in relation to the same operation accomplished over slash. Micro porosity, water availability, soil infiltration rate, soil penetrometer resistance and the maximum soil dry bulk density were not affected by both machines working on both slash conditions. All the soil mechanized operations evaluated were rated higher than 2 MPa on soil penetrometer resistance parameter, looked like a soil limit to allow the root growing... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)

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Morales, Cedinara Arruda Santana. "PREPAROS E ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS DE SOLOS PARA PLANTIO DE EUCALIPTO". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3773.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
With the expansion of cultivated forest in Rio Grande do Sul, there was an increase of the forest plantations, now occupying areas previously used for livestock and agricultural crops. The objective was to generate reccomendations for soil tillage, based on soil quality indicators. The study was conducted in three areas for the cultivation of clonal seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna Smith belonging to Celulose Riograndense in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The soils are classified as Planossolo Háplico Eutrófico gleissólico (SXe), Nitossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico (NVd) and Neossolo Regolítico Eutroúmbrico típico (RReh). Initially a pilot survey was done to quantify the spatial variability of texture and soil resistance to penetration (RP); subsequently, soil samples were taken at depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. After the characterization and analysis of soil areas different soil tillages (subsoiling to 50 cm depth plus rotary hoe (S50), subsoiling to 50 cm depth with ridge (S50C), and subsoiling to 70 cm depth plusr rotary hoe (S70). Planting of Eucalyptus saligna Smith clones (3.5 x 2.6 m) was carried out. At 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after planting, the dendrometric evaluation of total height and diameter at breast height (dbh 1.30 m). The joint use of factor analysis and spatial variability of RP enabled us to identify locations with different compaction states. The least limiting water range (LLWR) was strongly affected by the penetration resistance and soil aeration in clayey soils. The bulk density values of Argissolos, in the larger states of soil compaction, were above the critical density based on the LLWR. The soil tillage with greater volume of soil disturbed (S50C), in SXe (1267.1 m3 ha- 1) and RReh (836.8 m3 ha-1), favored the initial development of Eucalyptus saligna Smith. In SXe at 24 months-old forest, the height was 10.38 cm and dbh of 9.90, whereas for the RReh the height was 10.15 m and dbh of 10.60 cm. In NVd, the highest growth was observed in the treatment S70, with an average height at 24 months of 9.77 m and dbh of 9.68 cm. The results of this study indicate that the choice of the best tillage depends on the texture, degree of compaction, critical density and penetration resistance of the soil. Thus, for Planossolo Háplico Eutrófico gleissólico and the Neossolo Regolítico Eutroúmbrico típico the best tillage was S50C, while for the Nitossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico was S70.
Com a expansão da produção florestal no Rio Grande do Sul, houve aumento na área dos plantios florestais anteriormente dominadas pela pecuária e pelos cultivos agrícolas. O objetivo foi gerar recomendações adequadas de preparo, com base nos indicadores de qualidade. O estudo foi realizado em três áreas destinadas ao cultivo de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus saligna Smith, pertencentes à empresa Celulose Riograndense, nos municípios de São Gabriel e Vila Nova do Sul, no RS. Os solos das áreas estudadas são classificados como Planossolo Háplico Eutrófico gleissólico (SXe), Nitossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico (NVd) e Neossolo Regolítico Eutroúmbrico típico (RReh). Na área de estudo foi feito, inicialmente, um levantamento piloto para observar a variabilidade espacial da textura e da resistência mecânica do solo à penetração (RP); posteriormente, foram realizadas amostragens do solo, nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm. Após a caracterização e análise do solo das áreas, foram aplicados diferentes preparos de solo (subsolagem a 50 cm de profundidade mais enxada rotativa (S50), subsolagem a 50 cm de profundidade mais camalhão (S50C) e subsolagem a 70 cm de profundidade mais enxada rotativa (S70)) e, posteriormente, foi realizado o plantio de clones de Eucalyptus saligna Smith (3,5 x 2,6 m). Aos 6, 12, 18 e 24 meses após o plantio, foram feitas as avaliações dendrométricas de altura total e diâmetro à altura do peito (dap 1,30 m). O uso conjunto da análise fatorial e da variabilidade espacial da RP permitiu identificar, locais com diferentes estados de compactação. O intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) foi fortemente limitado pela resistência à penetração e pela aeração do solo, nos solos mais argilosos. Os valores de densidade do solo mais Argissolo, nos maiores estados de compactação, foram superiores à densidade crítica com base no IHO. O preparo do solo com maior volume de solo mobilizado (S50C), no SXe (1267,1 m3 ha-1) e no RReh (836,8 m3 ha-1), favoreceu o melhor desenvolvimento inicial do Eucalyptus saligna Smith. No SXe a altura média aos 24 meses de idade foi de 10,38 m e dap de 9,90 cm e, no RReh, a altura foi de 10,15 m e dap de 10,60 cm. No NVd, o maior crescimento foi observado no tratamento S70, com altura média aos 24 meses de idade de 9,77 m e dap de 9,68 cm. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que a escolha do melhor preparo de solo depende da textura, grau de compactação, densidade crítica e da resistência à penetração do solo. Assim, para o Planossolo Háplico Eutrófico gleissólico e para o Neossolo Regolítico Eutroúmbrico típico o melhor preparo de solo foi o tratamento S50C e, no Nitossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, foi o tratamento S70.

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Goutal, Noémie. "Modifications et restauration de propriétés physiques et chimiques de deux sols forestiers soumis au passage d'un engin d'exploitation". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00737884.

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Les risques de dégradation physique des sols forestiers sous l'effet de contraintes mécaniques externes liées à la mécanisation des opérations forestières, augmentent considérablement. Les mécanismes et le temps nécessaires à la restauration non assistée de la qualité des sols forestiers tassés restent encore peu étudiés, et leur identification nécessite de coupler les approches physiques, chimiques et biologiques. L'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier l'impact de la circulation d'un porteur forestier sur les conditions de l'enracinement (aération, régime hydrique et pénétrabilité) ainsi que son évolution à court terme. Ce travail s'appuie sur l'observation de deux sites expérimentaux mis en place dans le Nord Est de la France, concernant des sols de morphologie similaire (couche limono-argileuse de 50 cm d'épaisseur reposant sur un substrat argileux) et ayant subi des contraintes identiques. Des paramètres physiques (température et humidité du sol, densité apparente et résistance à la pénétration) et chimiques (composition de l'atmosphère du sol) ont été suivis pendant trois à quatre ans, à des fréquences allant d'un pas de temps quotidien à annuel. Le suivi du climat du sol et de la composition de son atmosphère a mis en évidence une diminution forte des conditions aérobies pendant un à un an et demi après le passage du porteur. Cet effet initial sur l'aération du sol a diminué subitement dès l'apparition de la première période de sécheresse édaphique, probablement grâce à la formation de fissures dans l'horizon de surface du sol tassé. Cependant un effet significatif du traitement sur la composition de l'atmosphère du sol pouvait toujours être observé trois à quatre ans après tassement. Pour suivre l'évolution des propriétés physiques du sol après circulation du porteur, il a été nécessaire d'opérer une normalisation par rapport à l'humidité au moment du prélèvement. Trois ou quatre ans après la circulation du porteur, une différence toujours significative existe entre les propriétés physiques des sols témoins et celles des sols tassés. Cependant une évolution de l'impact du porteur peut être mise en évidence dans la couche de surface (0-10 cm) des deux sites. Ce début de restauration se traduit, sur un des deux sites, par une différence entre traitement qui n'est plus significative quand les sols sont humides mais qui l'est encore quand les sols sont secs. Sur le deuxième site, cette différence a diminué quelle que ce soit l'humidité du sol. Ainsi, le début de régénération de la structure du sol perturbé ne s'accompagne pas d'une disparition de son comportement de prise en masse lors de son desséchement sur un des deux sites. Ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence une évolution des conséquences du porteur en surface du sol tassé qui serait liée à des processus physiques (gonflement -retrait, gel - dégel). Cependant, l'impact sur les conditions de l'enracinement (forte résistance à la pénétration quand les sols sont secs, faible aération quand ils sont humides) reste élevé de même que sur la résilience à long terme du peuplement.

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Silva, Jair Rosas da 1943. "Compactação do solo causada pelo tráfego de máquinas na colheita de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden /". Botucatu, [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101742.

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Orientador: Paulo Torres Fenner
Banca: Cláudio Angeli Sansígolo
Banca: Sérgio Hugo Benez
Banca: Jorge Roberto Malinovski
Banca: Fernando Seixas
Resumo: Foram avaliados os efeitos causados ao solo pelo tráfego de máquinas florestais de corte e baldeio de madeira, com ênfase à compactação, em floresta de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, de 91 meses de idade, através do comportamento de parâmetros físicos e mecânicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, com 480 g.kg-1 de areia total e 430 g.kg-1 de argila. Os tratamentos avaliados foram o trânsito anterior ao experimento, a fase de corte e processamento de madeira, efetuada por colhedora (harvester) sobre esteiras e a fase de extração, por trator transportador autocarregável (forwarder) com rodado de pneus, considerando-se as condições de presença ou ausência de cobertura de galhada. Os parâmetros físicos empregados na avaliação foram: densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, água disponível no solo, taxa de infiltração de água, temperatura do solo e estabilidade de agregados a seco. Os parâmetros mecânicos avaliados foram resistência do solo à penetração e ao cisalhamento, densidade máxima do solo, teor de água crítico para compactação e grau de compactação. Também foram avaliadas a área de contato rodado-solo e a pressão de rodados sobre o solo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo os resultados obtidos submetidos à análise de variância pelo Statistical Analysis System (SAS), com aplicação do teste Tukey a 5% e 10% de significância. Comparativamente, a densidade do solo, a resistência mecânica ao cisalhamento e a pressão de rodados sobre o solo foram maiores após o tráfego do trator transportador em relação ao conferido pela colhedora de madeira. Os parâmetros porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, água disponível e estabilidade de agregados a seco foram maiores na fase de corte de madeira do que na fase de baldeio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A study of soil compaction was carried out on a Red-Yellow Latosol with 43% of clay and 48% of sand, according to some soil physical and mechanical parameters in a harvester of a 91-month-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden forest. The aim was to evaluate the influence caused by the traffic of a 100 kWa-tracked harvester followed by a 190 kWa-wheeled-forwarder, over and without slash, in comparison to the soil conditions before the harvesting operations. The physical parameters used were soil dry bulk density, total porosity, air-filled porosity, micro porosity, soil water availability and infiltration rate, temperature and soil mean aggregate sizes. The mechanical parameters were soil penetrometer resistance, shear strength, Proctor test and machine ground pressure. A randomized-block trial with 15 replicates was used, applying Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and Tukey test at 5% and 10% significance levels. Results showed that wheeled-forwarder increased soil dry bulk density, soil shear strength and soil machine pressure in relation to the tracked-harvester. Thus, the parameters total porosity, air-filled porosity, micro porosity, soil water availability and soil mean aggregate sizes were higher on harvesting than on wood hauling. The wheeled-forwarder operating without slash produced a higher soil dry bulk density, temperature and soil compaction degree. Also, this work condition decreased total porosity and air-filled porosity in relation to the same operation accomplished over slash. Micro porosity, water availability, soil infiltration rate, soil penetrometer resistance and the maximum soil dry bulk density were not affected by both machines working on both slash conditions. All the soil mechanized operations evaluated were rated higher than 2 MPa on soil penetrometer resistance parameter, looked like a soil limit to allow the root growing... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
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Hausman, Constance Elizabeth. "The Ecological Impacts of the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus Planipennis): Identification of Conservation and Forest Management Strategies". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1291002276.

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Libros sobre el tema "Forest soils Soil compaction"

Adams, Paul W. Soil compaction on woodland properties. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1991.

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Rawinski, John J. Soil compaction monitoring of the pool timber sale, Rio Grande National Forest, Colorado, 16 years after logging. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2008.

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W, Carr William. Nutritional and soil compaction aspects of establishing forest cover on winter landings in the Fort St. James area. Victoria, B.C: Canadian Forestry Service, 1988.

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International, Workshop on Compaction of Soils Granulates and Powders (2000 Innsbruck Austria). Compaction of soils, granulates and powders: International workshop on compaction of soils, granulates and powders, Innsbruck, 28-29 February 2000. Rotterdam: Balkema, 2000.

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Stathers, Robert John. Forest soil temperature manual. Victoria, B.C: Ministry of Forests, Research Branch, 1990.

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Stathers, Robert John. Forest soil temperature manual. [Victoria, B.C.]: Canada/BC Economic & Regional Development Agreement, 1990.

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Transport Research Laboratory (Great Britain), ed. Compaction of soils and granular materials: A review of research performed at the Transport Research Laboratory. London: HMSO, 1992.

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F, Fisher Richard, ed. Properties and management of forest soils. 2^a ed. New York: Wiley, 1987.

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Binkley, Dan. Ecology and management of forest soils. 4^a ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2012.

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International Workshop on Unsaturated Soils (2000 Trento, Italy). Experimental evidence and theoretical approaches in unsaturated soils: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Unsaturated Soils, Trento, Italy, 10-12 April 2000. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema, 2000.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Forest soils Soil compaction"

Rosolem, Ciro A. y Mario Takahashi. "Soil compaction and soybean root growth". En Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, Grasslands and Forest Ecosystems, 295–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5270-9_24.

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Hildebrand, E. E. y H. Schack-Kirchner. "The Influence of Compaction on Soil Structure and Functions in Forest Sites". En Modern Trends in Applied Terrestrial Ecology, 1–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0223-4_1.

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Pietola, L. y A. J. M. Smucker. "Fibrous carrot root responses to irrigation and compaction of sandy and organic soils". En Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, Grasslands and Forest Ecosystems, 305–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5270-9_25.

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Silversides, C. R. y U. Sundberg. "Soil Compaction". En Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 129–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0506-6_10.

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Duncan, Chester I. "Soil Compaction". En Soils and Foundations for Architects and Engineers, 262–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6545-8_10.

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Duncan, Chester I. "Soil Compaction". En Soils and Foundations for Architects and Engineers, 299–322. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5417-2_12.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. "Nutrient Dynamics in Forest Soil". En Forest Soils, 97–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_6.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. "Forest Disturbances and Soil Degradation". En Forest Soils, 157–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_8.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. "Forest Soil and Climate Change". En Forest Soils, 173–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_9.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. "Forest Soil Management and Silvicultural Treatments". En Forest Soils, 183–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_10.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Forest soils Soil compaction"

PETAJA, Guna, Edgars MUIŽNIEKS y Santa KALĒJA. "EFFICIENCY OF VIMEK 610.2 FORWARDER AND ITS IMPACT ON SOIL IN FOREST THINNING". En RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.176.

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Effective haulage is one of the main requirements for cost-efficient logging services. The aim of the study is to estimate productivity of Vimek 610.2 forwarder in thinning and to determine soil compaction during haulage. Trials were conducted in Latvia, in 2 forest stands located in northern part of the country, in Engure municipality. The Vimek 610.2 Biocombi harwarder with additional bunk was used as a forwarder in the trials. It was equipped with Mowi P25 crane, tracks on rear axle and net chains on front axle to enhance performance on soils with low bearing capacity. Detailed time study was implemented for 56 forwarder loads. Working time was evaluated according to working cycle of forwarder crane (13 operations in total). Productivity of Vimek 610.2 forwarder and the prime cost of roundwood forwarding under optimal and extreme conditions is determined based on the time study results. According to the results productivity of forwarder Vimek 610.2 in trials with average hauling distance of 181 m, recalculated to productive time consumption spent to forward 1m3 of roundwood under optimal conditions is 6.03 min and under extreme conditions – 6.23 min. In soils with low bearing capacity Vimek 610.2 did not compacted soil, however formation of ruts were observed, and in areas with optimal soil bearing capacity soil compaction was detected at surface layers (down to 10 cm depth). Prime costs of forwarding with Vimek 610.2 under optimal conditions to 180 m distance is 2.46 € m-3, but under extreme conditions – 3.36 € m-3.

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P. Mac Donagh, Juan Garibaldi, Liliana Rivero, Roberto Fernández y Shigeo Kobayashi. "Neotropical Forest Harvesting Impact in Misiones, Argentina: Soil Compaction and Traffic Intensity". En 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.9223.

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Saunders, Amanda M. y Darris White. "Estimating Traction Forces for Pneumatic Tires on Soft Soils With Application to BAJA SAE Vehicles". En ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10770.

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Abstract BAJA SAE is an engineering competition that tasks team with designing single-seat all-terrain vehicles that partake in a variety of events, predominantly on soft soils. Events range from (off-road) land maneuverability, hill climb, tractor pull, and timed acceleration. Tire-terrain interaction strongly influences the performance of off-road vehicles. Tire terrain traction is limited by the mechanical properties for soft soils; therefore, understanding tire-terrain traction forces is important for assessing vehicle performance. Using the stress integration method (SIM) initiated by Bekker and developed by Wong, this paper analyzes the performance of BAJA SAE tires using Bekker’s defined terrain measurements for soft soils. The relative rigidity of the tire versus the soil, in terms of pressure, was compared for operating conditions and used to determine the tire state (rigid wheel or pneumatic tire). Tire state determines shape of the tire-terrain interface, and integration limits. Based on the operating conditions, the tire sinkage into the soil was calculated and used to determine compaction resistance, tire hysteresis, and normal pressures along the tire-terrain interface. Using the SIM, the longitudinal and lateral tractive forces vs the slip ratio and slip angle, respectively, were calculated for a range of operation conditions. The tire-terrain traction forces were evaluated for different tire diameters and tire pressure for a range of soil types. The described process can be used to predict performance for BAJA SAE teams participating in specific events and the results can be used as a basis for selecting tires and tire pressure for dynamic events.

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Grigorev, Gleb, Irina Dmitrieva y Egor Khitrov. "THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF RUT DEPTH COMPONENTS CAUSED BY FOREST SOIL SHEAR AND COMPACTION". En 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/3.1/s14.098.

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Cappelletto, Andrea, Roberto Tagliaferri, Gianmario Giurlani, Giuseppe Andrei, Giuseppe Furlani y Giuseppe Scarpelli. "Field Full Scale Tests on Longitudinal Pipeline-Soil Interaction". En 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2090.

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Recent research on longitudinal pipe-soil interaction shows that traditional analysis models are inadequate and too conservative, especially when cohesive soils are involved. The practical implication for SNAM, whose network extends over the entire Italian territory where slow ground movements inducing longitudinal soil-pipe interaction are frequent, is that the management of the gas pipeline has to rely mainly on field measurements. The correct assessment of the interaction forces was therefore included as an important part of a wider research program, whose aim is to perform pipe risk analysis by which the structural vulnerability for some SNAM typical scenarios can be quantified as a function of such parameters as the pipe section geometry, the type of soil, the burial depth, the length of pipeline section involved and the magnitude of the soil imposed displacements. Experimental activities specifically regarding longitudinal, static, interaction problems were carried out; in particular pull-out tests were performed on two out of use pipelines, having two different diameters: 8” and 24”. For each site, four different test conditions were investigated where type and compaction state of the material surrounding the pipe varies. The behaviour of the pipe embedded in the original clayey backfill was compared to that observed after such fill was excavated and replaced around the pipe, to simulate conditions after standard stress relieving works. Different fills where then used, made of either granular soil or granulite; this latter was used in order to ascertain the possible benefits of using light artificial materials to mitigate soil-pipe interaction phenomena. Site testing was accompanied by a careful geotechnical investigation both in the field and in laboratory that included direct shear tests of interfaces using coated steel pipe specimens. A comparison between the results obtained and the existing state of the art is presented. This comparison allowed to verify the effectiveness of some interpretative models, and in particular the convenience of adopting effective stress based models rather than pure cohesive ones (i.e. total stress), even in the case of clayey soils.

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Israr, Jahanzaib, Buddhima Indraratna y Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. "Experimental Investigation into Internal Erosion Potential for Granular Filters". En The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.037.

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Internal erosion is a phenomenon whereby the filtrates under the influence of significant seepage forces accompany the finer fraction from potential internally unstable filters (e.g. broadly- and gap-graded soil), occasionally rendering them ineffective. The filter assessment for internal erosion or instability potential is emphasized through particle size distribution based geometrical criteria ignoring the effect of compaction. In this study, the results of hydraulic gradient controlled internal erosion tests conducted over a wide range of compacted sand-gravel mixtures were used to analyse some of the available geometrical criteria, which interestingly showed partial success in assessing the filter’s internal erosion potential. It was revealed that the occurrence of internal erosion is a combined function of particle size distribution and the relative density of soils that had been ignored in many of the existing criteria. A comparison between the assessments obtained from some of the particle size based criteria and that from a constriction size based technique was reported for a large body of published data. It was observed that the latter criterion, which incorporates the effects of both particle size distribution and relative density of soils in tandem, could assess the reported test results with higher accuracy.

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Zimelis, Agris, Santa Kaleja y Sergey Ariko. "Evaluation of productivity and costs of Malwa forest machine in sanitary fellings in Latvia". En Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.009.

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The topicality of the study is determined by the increasing demand for sanitary felling services currently mainly provided by manual work. Harvesting using hand-held motor instruments is a physically hard work whose costs are increasing rapidly, but labor availability is declining. In sanitary cuttings, additional complications are caused by the use of conventional machinery in harvesting, which necessitates the creation of wide (4 m) technological corridors and significantly increases the proportion of damaged remaining trees in a stand (according to past studies, a set of middle-class forest machines in thinning of spruce stands results in 4–5% of damaged trees, but in pine stands – in approximately twice less damaged trees than in spruce stands). The compact class forest machines in thinnings result in mechanical damage to not more than 1% of remaining trees. During field trials in sanitary felling 9329 trees were felled. The average productivity working in one shift is 5.35 m3 h-1 with average stands 10 cm. The cost of harvester’s productive hour is 92 € but of a forwarder it is 78. The compact class forwarder creates significantly smaller impact on the soil by reducing ruts depth and soil compaction, which is especially important in sanitary fillings and extraction of seed trees in regenerated areas.

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Ivanovs, Janis, Raitis Melniks y Ilona Skranda. "Evaluation of impact of soil compaction in ditch-sides during forwarding of roundwood on groundwater level in neighbouring forest stand". En 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n469.

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El-Gindy, Moustafa, Ryan Lescoe, Fredrik O¨ijer, Inge Johansson y Mukesh Trivedi. "Soil Modeling Using FEA and SPH Techniques for a Tire-Soil Interaction". En ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47104.

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In recent years, the advancement of computerized modeling has allowed for the creation of extensive pneumatic tire models. These models have been used to determine many tire properties and tire-road interaction parameters which are either prohibitively expensive or unavailable with physical models. More recently, computerized modeling has been used to explore tire-soil interactions. The new parameters created by these interactions were defined for these models, but accurate soil constitutive equations were lacking. With the previous models, the soil was simulated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). However, the meshless modeling method of Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) may be a viable approach to more accurately simulating large soil deformations and complex tire-soil interactions. With both the FEA and SPH soils modeled as elastic-plastic solids, simplified soil tests are conducted. First, pressure-sinkage tests are used to explore the differences in the two soil-modeling methods. From these tests, it is found that the FEA model supports a surface pressure via the tensile forces created by the stretching of the surface elements. Conversely, for the SPH model, the surface pressure is supported via the compressive forces created by the compacting of particles. Next, shear-displacement tests are conducted with the SPH soil (as this test cannot easily be performed with an FEA soil model). These shear tests show that the SPH soil behaves more like clay in initial shearing and more like sand by exhibiting increased shearing due to vertical loading. While both the pressure-sinkage and shear-displacement tests still show that a larger particle density is unnecessary for SPH soil modeling, the shear-displacement tests indicate that an elastic-plastic material model may not be the best choice.

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Caicedo, Bernardo. "A Mechanical Framework for Modelling Soil Compaction". En Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481677.003.

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Informes sobre el tema "Forest soils Soil compaction"

Alban, David H., George E. Host, John D. Elioff y David A. Shadis. Soil and vegetation response to soil compaction and forest floor removal after aspen harvesting. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rp-315.

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Amacher, Michael C. y Katherine P. O'Neill. Assessing soil compaction on Forest Inventory & Analysis phase 3 field plots using a pocket penetrometer. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-46.

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Rawinski, John J. y Deborah S. Page-Dumroese. Soil compaction monitoring of the Pool Timber Sale, Rio Grande National Forest, Colorado, 16 years after logging. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-215.

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Drnevich, Vincent, Aaron Evans y Adam Prochaska. A Study of Effective Soil Compaction Control of Granular Soils. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313357.

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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi y Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.

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O'Neill, Katherine P., Michael C. Amacher y Charles H. Perry. Soils as an indicator of forest health: a guide to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of soil indicator data in the Forest Inventory and Analysis program. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-258.

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