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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Fortum"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 3 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Fortum"

Buxeraud, Jacques y Alexis Skrzypek. "Fortum® et Fortumset® - ceftazidime". Actualités Pharmaceutiques 47, n.º 474 (mayo de 2008): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0515-3700(08)70223-4.

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Toppila, Timo. "CFD simulation of Fortum PTS experiment". Nuclear Engineering and Design 238, n.º 3 (marzo de 2008): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.01.022.

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Valtavirta, Ville, Jaakko Kuopanportti y Antti Rintala. "GENERATING ALBEDO BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR NODAL DIFFUSION CODES USING SERPENT 2". EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124704013.

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We use the Serpent Monte Carlo code to produce total and partial albedo boundary conditions that can be used to model the Loviisa NPP VVER-440 core with the nodal neutronics tools of Fortum. The albedo generation process is described in detail. The dependence of the generated albedos on boron content and water density is investigated and a clear distinction is noted in water density dependence between regions containing mostly water and those containing mostly structural materials. The Serpent generated albedos are currently used in production calculations for modeling the Loviisa reactors at Fortum.

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Hiltunen, Pauli y Sanna Syri. "Highly Renewable District Heat for Espoo Utilizing Waste Heat Sources". Energies 13, n.º 14 (10 de julio de 2020): 3551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143551.

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The district heating operator Fortum and the city of Espoo have set a goal to abandon the use of coal in district heating production and increase the share of renewable sources to 95% by the year 2029. Among renewable fuels and heat pumps, waste heat utilization has an important role in Fortum’s plans for the decarbonization of district heating production, and Fortum is considering the possibility of utilizing waste heat from a large data center in its district heating network. The goal of this paper is to investigate the feasibility and required amount of waste heat to achieve this goal. Two different operation strategies are introduced—an operation strategy based on marginal costs and an operation strategy prioritizing waste heat utilization. Each strategy is modeled with three different electricity price scenarios. Because the low temperature waste heat from a data center must be primed by heat pumps, the electricity price has a significant impact on the feasibility of waste heat utilization. Prioritizing waste heat utilization leads to higher production costs, but a lower waste heat capacity is needed to reach the goal of 95% renewables in production. The higher electricity price emphasizes the differences between the two operation strategies. Waste heat utilization also leads to significant reductions of CO2 emissions.

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Favetta, P., C. Allombert, C. Breysse, C. Dufresne, J. Guitton y J. Bureau. "Fortum® stability in different disposable infusion devices by pyridine assay". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 27, n.º 6 (marzo de 2002): 873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00588-x.

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Tura, Nina y Tuomas Ahola. "Towards a circular economy by leveraging hazardous resources: A case study of Fortum HorsePower". Journal of Cleaner Production 230 (septiembre de 2019): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.121.

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Mirek, Paweł y Marcin Klajny. "Experimental verification of the scaling laws for CFB boilers of different designs". Chemical and Process Engineering 37, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2016): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0023.

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Abstract In the paper flow dynamic similarity criteria have been presented to reflect the macroscopic flow pattern in the combustion chamber of large-scale circulating fluidised bed boilers. The proposed scaling rules have been verified on two cold models of CFB boilers operating in Tauron Wytwarzanie S.A. - El. Lagisza division (scale factor 1/20) and Fortum Power and Heat Poland Sp. z o. o. Czestochowa division (scale factor 1/10) – working with the power of 966 MWth and 120 MWth, respectively. As follows from the results of measurements, regardless of CFB boiler’s geometry the use of a defined set of criterial numbers allows to obtain satisfactory agreement between the suspension density distributions registered in the CFB boilers and scaling models.

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Zimin, Dmitry. "How Can Foreign Companies Influence Russia's Economic Course? The Cases of Finnish Firms Fortum and Neste". Post-Soviet Affairs 28, n.º 2 (abril de 2012): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1060-586x.28.2.209.

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Papanov, Stoyan, Ekaterina Petkova, Zlatka Dimitrova, Vania Georgieva, Kalin Ivanov, Stanislava Ivanova y Rumen Mladenov. "Le Traitement Antibiotique Dans La Pédiatrie". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, n.º 33 (30 de noviembre de 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n33p103.

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The current study should be paid extra attention because antibiotics are main cluster of drugs for treatment of child infections and illnesses. They are the most commonly prescribed medicines for children, relatively expensive and consume 60-70% of the budget for treatment of child illnesses, with exclusion only in malign sickness. OBJECT: The current study represents common classification of antibiotics and the most commonly used antimicrobial agents during childhood. RESEARCH METHODS - Systematic approach and critical analysis of the available scientific periodicals - Interview method of the survey (survey data pediatricians and general practitioners in the region of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.) - Own research on the issue. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Most often, doctors use: Broad-spectrum penicillins: Amoxicillin, Amopen, Ospamox, Duomox First generation cephalosporins: Ospexin, Cephalexin Second-generation cephalosporins: Cefaclor Third generation cephalosporins: Abricef, Cefotaxime, Rocephin, Fortum Fourth generation cephalosporins: Maxipime Macrolides: Macropen Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin, Amicacine CONCLUSION: No significant differences are observed in the prescribed by the general practitioners and pediatricians antibiotics.

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Szogradi, Marton y Sixten Norrman. "Model Development and Transient Analysis of the WCLL BB BOP DEMO Configuration Using the Apros System Code". Energies 14, n.º 18 (7 de septiembre de 2021): 5593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185593.

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Extensive modelling and analytical work has been carried out considering the water-cooled lithium–lead breeding blanket (WCLL BB) balance of plant (BOP) configuration of the demonstration power plant (DEMO) using the Apros system code, developed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. and Fortum. Contributing to the BOP work package of the EUROfusion Consortium, the integral plant model for dynamic analyses of the WCLL BB configuration has been updated with special attention to primary system components. Following trends of relevant neutronics modelling, a new BB model has been implemented in 2020 with the aim to obtain higher resolution output data and a more realistic thermalhydraulic feedback from the primary system. Once-through steam generator user components have been built based on CAD models conceived by BOP partners. Transient analyses have been performed providing a better picture regarding the behaviour of main components, e.g., the BB and the OTSGs, whilst highlighting possible ways to optimise the control scheme of the plant.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Fortum"

Harkman, Linda. "Effekter kring Fortum Ski Tunnel Torsby". Karlstads universitet, Centrum för forskning om regional utveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13166.

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Brännlund, Greta. "Evaluation of two peak load forecasting methods used at Fortum". Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-53705.

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Sjöstedt, Mikael. "Ny princip för spänningsreglering i Fortum Distributions mellanspänningsnät i Stockholm". Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118935.

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The voltage regulation in Fortum Distributions medium voltage network in Stockholm does not work satisfactory. This results in too high distribution voltages with many customer complaints as a consequence. The reason is the model responsible for compensating for voltage drops in the distribution network. Despite several adjustments Fortum has not been able to find the source of the high voltages and has therefore appointed an investigation in the form of a thesis work. The aim of this investigation is to locate the error and to produce a proposal regarding the solution of this error using the existing system, common industrial knowledge, state of the art research and the option to use voltage readings from the different substations. The conclusion of this master thesis is that the largest contribution to the high voltage levels is made by the large compensation for distribution loses. Furthermore an additional error in the model has been found. Therefore this master thesis recommends Fortum to abandon the existing system and instead utilize the option to use voltage readings from the different substation.

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Ganic, Nermina y Elisa Davidsson. "Kundhantering inom elbranschen : En fallstudie av Fortum och Telge Energi". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-563.

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Problemet som denna uppsats behandlar är vilka faktorer som är av betydelse för stora svenska elhandelsbolag idag, när det gäller kundnöjdhet.

När man talar om elbolag idag, är det missnöjda kunder som oftast blir det främsta samtalsämnet. Allt fler elkunder tycker att det fifflas för mycket med betalfakturor och att elbolagens service fungerar dåligt.

Efter avregleringen av elmarknaden 1996, har allt fler mindre elbolag försökt bryta sig in på elmarknaden för att konkurrera med de stora elbolagen, som innan avregleringen hade monopol över eldistributionen. I och med avregleringen, utsattes marknaden för hård konkurrens och kundernas krav på service ökade. Dagens kunder har blivit allt mer medvetna om att det finns fler elbolag att välja bland, än bara de tre gamla monopol företagen, Vattenfall, Sydkraft och Fortum.

Någonstans på vägen, efter avregleringen, har det dock gått utför för el-jättarna. Allt fler undersökningar har visat att fler och fler av deras kunder känner missnöje och har blivit illojala till sitt elbolag. För att kunna överleva den hårda konkurrensen, och samtidigt tillfredställa sina kunder, har dessa stora elbolag varit tvungna att hitta nya vägar. Frågan är bara hur det har gått. Man kan tänka sig att de gamla monopolföretagen är för stela i sin organisation och har svårt att anpassa sig till förändringarna inom branschen.

Vår undersökning handlar om hur före detta monopol elbolag ska kunna anpassa sig till en avreglerad marknad, och den fokuseras alltså främst på kundnöjdhet och lojalitet.

Syftet med undersökningen som denna uppsats bygger på är att analysera och utvärdera kundhanteringsprocesser i ett stort och ett litet elbolag i Stockholmsregionen.

Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av personliga intervjuer, med representanter från ett litet och ett stort elbolag samt enkätundersökningar bland elkunder. Teorierna som ligger till grund för genomförandet av denna uppsats är främst teorier om kundhantering samt relations- och kundinriktade marknadsföringssätt. Respektive elbolag har visat hur de arbetar för att behålla nuvarande kunder, hur de skaffar nya, samt hur de arbetar för att uppnå så nöjda kunder som möjligt.

I vår slutsats kommer vi bland annat fram till att det stora elbolaget, som är ett gammalt monopolföretag, inte riktigt lyckats följa alla förändringar som har inträffat sedan avregleringen 1996, och har därför inte heller kunnat uppnå kundnöjdhet. Det mindre elbolaget verkar däremot arbeta enligt helt annorlunda koncept och även nå goda resultat gällande kundnöjdhet.

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Karnik, Macaya Yohanna. "Vattennivåreglering i Avesta Lillfors : På uppdrag av Fortum Generation AB". Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146658.

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I denna rapport utreds olika metoder för att kunna reglera vattennivån i vattenkraftverket Avesta Lillfors i Dalarna. Två kraftverk ligger endast 900 m uppströms och detta gör att svarstiderna blir korta och regleringen blir lätt nervös. Att använda sig av vattennivåreglering i ett kraftverk för-enklar dess styrning då anpassning till inflödet sker automatiskt. En flödestabell har tagits fram genom mätningar i turbinen, med hjälp av Winter-Kennedy-metoden. Denna tabell används för att kunna fram-koppla regulatorn och därmed dämpa stora variationer i inflödet. Dessu-tom har en modell av älven skapats och testats med en återkopplad PID-regulator. Utefter dessa tester har lämpliga parametrar tagits fram, som ger önskad stabilitet, noggrannhet och snabbhet. Simuleringar har även gjorts med reglermetoden Fuzzy logic.
This report evaluates different methods to create a stable regulation of the water level in the hydro power plant Avesta Lillfors, in county Dalar-na. Another pair of plants are located just 900 m up the stream, which is why the regulation has to act fast. If the water level can be regulated and automatically adjust to the incoming flow, it facilitates the control of the plant. A flow chart is created from measurements in the turbine, using the Win-ter-Kennedy method. The results are used for feedforward control. A PID-regulator with feedback is also simulated in a model of the river. This helps finding the parameters that provide a stable, accurate and fast regu-lation. Fuzzy logic control has also been simulated.

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Thanke, Wiberg Joakim. "Local Impacts of Climate Change on Fortum´s Hydropower Production". Thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183396.

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Background: Climate change and the consequences of global warming is probably one of the greatest issues of our time. Among other concerns, global warming is thought to have a great impact on hydrology worldwide. When the atmosphere warms up, river runoff patterns are altered. Nevertheless these future changes are assumed to increase the hydropower potential in some countries. In the public debate it is often referred to a nine year old investigation claiming an increase of 15-20 % in Swedish energy production from hydropower due to the river runoff increase. On the other hand recent research is hinting that the effect of global warming might be masked by climate variability in the nearest future. This study seeks to investigate whether or not the hydropower-intensive company Fortum will benefit from increased future hydropower potential due to climate change. Methods: Using historical data, the impacts of global warming on the future potential power production in different types of hydropower plants are estimated by the statistical approach of probability density functions. Moreover spectral analysis is used to investigate the impacts of climate variability in various Swedish watersheds. The study investigates both the nearest future, represented by the years 2021-2050, and the end of the century, represented by the years 2069-2098. Results: The future hydropower production is shown to be strongly dependent on the geographical location of a power plant and of the specific power plant type. Although all Swedish rivers where Fortum operates is given more river runoff in the future, some hydropower plants might suffer from lower hydropower potential due to increased runoff variability. However all reservoir-type power plants in the study, with ability to store water, are calculated to benefit from increased river runoff. Only the run-of-river type power plants, operating with unregulated river flow, are not yet proven to benefit from a changing climate. When considering both specific river and type of power plant, this study indicates that the hydropower potential in the rivers where Fortum operates is expected to increase with 4-15 % towards the end of the century. The one exception is the unregulated river Västerdalälven where this study indicates a possibility of decreased hydropower potential due to climate change. The results of the spectral analysis indicates that up to 30 % of the coefficient of variation in the monthly mean runoff data is explained by low-frequent periodic fluctuations due to natural climate variability, linked to somewhat predictable climate indices. Conclusion: Natural climate variability is likely to be the dominating factor in the nearest future, at least in regulated rivers. Although there are uncertainties about the future potential power production in the run-of-river type power plants, one cannot deny that most of the Swedish rivers where the major hydropower companies operate are strongly regulated. Adding the fact that river runoff will increase as a consequence of global warming, Fortum is likely to gain from an increased hydropower potential. However, this present study highlights the inaccuracies in using the out-of-date estimation of 15-20 % hydropower-potential increase as a forecast of future potential power production in all Fortum-operated hydropower plants.

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Hellgren, Erica. "Skadliga nollflödespunkter i Fortum Värmes fjärrvärmenät i Stockholm : En analys av dess förekomst och effekter". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247041.

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When several production units provide a district heating network, water is pumped from different directions. When the flows from the plants finally meet in the network, the water can be completely still. These places are called zero flow zones. In district heating networks with several plants, which also have different supply temperatures, large and frequent temperature fluctuations can occur when the zero flow zones move. This may cause wear on the pipes, a phenomenon called low cycle fatigue. For this reason it is important to examine where and when zero flow zones that cause temperature changes occur. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to investigate how temperature changes caused by zero flow zones influence Fortum’s district heating network. Simulations in the software TERMIS and literature reviews regarding temperature variations in district heating pipes were used. The results showed that low cycle fatigue in district heating pipes is rare. The design criteria that the European standard, EN13941, contain are well proportioned. However, pipe manufacturers agree to that temperature changes should not occur too quickly to minimize potentially harmful bending moments. Most of the surveyed manufacturers recommend that temperature changes should not be faster than 10°C/h. The simulations showed that temperature variations occurred exclusively in an area where the flows from two different production units with a significant difference in supply temperature met. The conclusion is thus that no specific actions need to be implemented to prevent the temperature variations. This is because they are not considered as a major issue.

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Ali, Abdi. "START AND STOP COSTS FOR SECONDARY REGULATION OF FORTUM HYDROPOWER PLANTS". Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222284.

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Eklöf, Martin. "Analys av mätdata från nätstationer". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226664.

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Fortum has in a pilot project installed metering equipment with wireless communication in secondary substations in Stockholm. So far, the collected data are used only in specific projects. This master thesis was carried out at Fortum Distribution AB in Stockholm during 2013. The purpose of this study is to simplify and enhance the use of data in for example network planning process, by giving suggestions on how data can be managed and giving examples of analyzes that collected data can be used for. The electricity meter which Fortum has installed is a EDMI-Mk10A which is set to measure max/average/min values with a one hour time resolution of the following parameters: voltage (per phase), current (per phase) andactive power and active and reactive energy. In order to analyze the collected data an analysis tool is required. During this thesis two customized tools in Microsoft Excel have been developed, one for sorting data and one for analyzing. One aim of the thesis is to show examples of what collected measurement data can be used for. This work shows an example of analysis of active power, power factor, voltage, occurrence of interrupts and the relationship between outdoor temperature and power. This master thesis has among others resulted in the following advice: Expand the number of secondary substations with measuring equipment. Higher time resolution. Measure apparent power and temperature.

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Andersson, Daniel y Tobias Lindvall. "NVDB som stöd för GIS-analyser : vid störning på Fortum Distributions ledningsnät". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3297.

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Fortum Distribution som ingår i Fortumkoncernen ansvarar för elförsörjning till kund. Uppgiften med detta examensarbete är att skapa en applikation i syfte att visa hur man kan använda GIS (Geografiska Informationssystem) för att korta ned inställelsetiden vid strömavbrott. Den 1/1 2006 infördes en lagreglering (Ellagen, kap 10, § 9-16) om avbrottsersättning, därför vill energibolagen minska avbrottstiden så mycket som möjligt, bland annat genom att korta ned inställelsetiden. Analyser som baseras på NVDB-data, ska göras för att påvisa nyttan med GIS hos Fortum Distribution. Examensarbetet avgränsas geografiskt till Fortums Distributions koncessionsområde i Värmlands län, den del av Västra Götalands län som tidigare var Skaraborgs län samt Bergslagen.

Genom att skapa en databas innehållande attribut och domäner, vägdata från NVDB samt Fortum Distributions data, läggs grunden som inställelsetiden ska beräknas från. Ett nätverk baserat på vägdata från NVDB skapas i databasen. Nätverket består av olika attribut som fungerar som restriktioner (trafikregler) och beskrivningar. I funktionen Network Analyst i ArcGIS kan man göra analyser baserade på nätverket såsom ruttberäkningar, underlag för beslutsfattande gällande driftförrådsplacering samt vilken servicetekniker som skall åka till ett elavbrott. Framtida användningsområden kan vara positionering av servicetekniker samt framkomlighetsinformation.

Vår uppfattning är att vår applikation ger Fortum det datastöd som behövs för att minska avbrottstiden i de regionala näten och därmed även sänka kostnaderna för avbrottsersättning. Synergieffekten blir nöjdare kunder. Dessutom kan Fortum optimera kostnadseffektivitet och nöjd kund index genom att även införa analyserna.

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Más fuentes

Libros sobre el tema "Fortum"

Bucay, Jorge. El mito de la diosa fortuna: El día que llovió sopa. Buenos Aires: Del Nuevo Extremo, 2006.

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Plesničar-Gec, Ljudmila. Emonski forum =: Emona forum. Koper: Založba Annales, 2006.

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Violence, Massachusetts Governor's Commission on Domestic. Forum. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Committee on Criminal Justice, 1994.

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Centre for Access Studies to Higher Education. Forum. London: Centre for Access Studies to Higher Education, 1986.

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Savu, Tudor Dumitru. Fortul: Roman. București: Editura Militară, 1988.

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Schumpelick, V., H. P. Bruch y H. K. Schackert, eds. Chirurgisches Forum und DGAV Forum 2009. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00625-8.

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Gradinger, R., M. D. Menger y H. J. Meyer, eds. Chirurgisches Forum und DGAV Forum 2010. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12192-0.

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Chesapeake Bay Forum (1985 National Defense University). Chesapeake Bay Forum proceedings: A forum. Fort Belvoir, Va: Office of History, Office of the Chief of Engineers, 1986.

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Zakrocki, Maciej. Forum 500. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rytm", 2006.

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Forum Sempronii. Urbino: QuattroVenti, 2012.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Fortum"

Valikangas, P., J. Puttonen, M. Sulkusalmi, A. S. Kazi y M. Hannus. "Knowledge Creation at FORTUM Engineering". En Global Engineering, Manufacturing and Enterprise Networks, 352–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35412-5_41.

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Kazi, Abdul Samad, Jari Puttonen, Mika Sulkusalmi, Pekka Välikangas y Matti Hannus. "Knowledge Creation and Management: The Case of Fortum Engineering Ltd". En Knowledge Management in the SocioTechnical World, 153–69. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0187-1_13.

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Schneider, Manfred. "Forum internum — forum externum". En Sozialgeschichte des Geständnisses, 23–41. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90700-0_2.

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Marcattili, Francesco. "Forum". En Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 4324–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_1451.

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Lazzara, Michael J. "Forum". En Luz Arce and Pinochet’s Chile, 151–76. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230118423_10.

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Weiß, Klaus-Dieter. "Forum". En von Gerkan, Marg und Partner: Unter großen Dächern, 14–27. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-85040-9_1.

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Marcattili, Francesco. "Forum". En Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 2863–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1451.

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Brizio-Skov, Flavia, Flavia Laviosa, Millicent Marcus, Alan O'Leary, Massimo Riva, Pasquale Verdicchio y Christopher Wagstaff. "Forum". En A Companion to Italian Cinema, 551–71. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119006145.ch32.

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Hedderich, Fabian, Joerg Oestreich y Marc-Oliver Ziegenbein. "forium GmbH". En Success Factors of Fast Growing Companies, 89–105. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84561-0_6.

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Field, Michael. "Forum Discussion". En Mathematics and Art, 168–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04909-9_19.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Fortum"

Varpasuo, Pentti y Jukka Ka¨hko¨nen. "Fortum Participation in IAEA Benchmark for KKNPP7 RHR Piping Response NCO 2007 Event". En 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29229.

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In this report Fortum participation in a benchmark related to the residual heat removal (RHR) piping system response of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant unit 7 (KKNPP7) of Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) in Japan, during the 16 July 2007 Niigataken-Chuetsu-Oki earthquake (NCO) is described. The goal of this benchmark is to conduct a comparison between different analytical techniques, as used in the usual engineering practice. Equipment behavior during the NCO earthquake constitutes an extensive database. There are no direct acceleration or displacement measurements on equipment. For this reason quantitative simulation comparison is not possible. Qualitative observations of the fuel tank sloshing and tank buckling are available and these can be used in numerical simulation benchmark. The benchmark is divided in three phases and it will be carried out during the years of 2009–2011. The number of participants in the benchmark is 25 organizations and institutions. Detailed goals of the benchmark as a whole can be summarized as follows: 1) Understanding of soil, structures and mechanical equipment response during the Niigataken-Chuetsu-Oki earthquake. 2) Simulation of equipment response for residual heat removal equipment. 3) Simulation of liquid sloshing in the fuel pools in reactor building. 4) Simulation of buckling phenomena of vertical, cylindrical yard tanks. In order to carry out this simulation task a joint model of the reactor building and the residual heat removal-system is developed. The main results of the numerical simulation will be the maximum values of the stresses in the most critical locations of the residual heat removal piping system. These values will be compared to known material properties of the piping such as yield and the tensile failure strain.

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Žemulis, Gintaras, Pasi Junninen y Petri Kytömäki. "Thermal Hydraulic Analysis of Pressurized Thermal Shock for Loviisa NPP Using Apros Simulation Code". En 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81558.

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Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant consists of two VVER-440 type pressurized water reactor units and it is owned by a Finnish energy company Fortum Power and Heat Oy. Only some years after Loviisa Unit 1 start-up, during early 1980’s, some reactor pressure vessel embrittlement by fast neutron irradiation was recognized. Embrittlement of the reactor pressure vessel materials increases the risk of a fast fracture under emergency core cooling conditions. This led to an extensive study of pressurized thermal shock (PTS) scenarios, which included experimental research, large set of probabilistic and deterministic safety analyses, code development and plant modifications to both lower overcooling transient probability and to mitigate it’s consequences. Current operating licenses for Loviisa 1 and 2 Units reactor pressure vessels were applied by Fortum in 2012 to cover operation up to the years 2027 and 2030, respectively. The operating licenses were granted as applied by the Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) according to application. However a know-how of PTS scenarios shall be maintained. This becomes even more important in a light of any big power plant automation modernization projects targeting also safety systems. Currently Fortum is involved in an automation renewal project also known under its ELSA-project name. The project is scheduled to be ready in 2018. The project targets at replacing parts of old analogue automation with new digital systems and also extending their diversity by introducing new safety functions for emergency management scenarios. As a result, changes to some emergency operating procedures are inevitable. Due to the changes to emergency operating procedures PTS-scenarios for Loviisa NPP have been also updated. In 2016 Fortum launched PTS-project in connection with ELSA-project. Previous PTS-scenario related thermal hydraulic analyses were based on the original 80’s decade analyses, which were subsequently revised many times following other modernization projects that took place at Loviisa NPP. In this new round of PTS-analyses the most important cases were recalculated using Apros (Advanced Process Simulator). ELSA-project introduced changes are not only emergency procedures specific but also involve safety system related process and automation logic modifications. The changes affected therefore boundary conditions needed in the analyses. In total probabilistic safety analyses included over 160 different PTS-sequences. The most limiting sequences were selected for deterministic analyses. PTS-analyses were performed in co-operation with Platom Oy and plant owner Fortum Power and Heat Oy. The main results of PTS-analyses are presented in the paper.

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Bengtsson, P., L. A. Persson, K. Oberger y J. Hasselstrom. "Reliability-based planning in rural areas; goals, methods, prioritization, and follow-up at Fortum distribution". En 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0755.

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Hulkkonen, Seppo, Marko Fabritius y Sonja Enestam. "Application of BFB Technology for Biomass Fuels: Technical Discussion and Experiences From Recent Projects". En 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-132.

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Bubbling fluidized bed combustion (BFB) is well applicable to biomass and other alternate fuels. Typical features for these fuels are high volatile content, varying moisture content and, in some cases, a somewhat high alkali and chlorine content. Fortum Engineering has supplied several boiler and power plants based on its in-house BFB boiler technology. The boilers show good performance with high availability and long operating time.

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Kernei¨s, Claude, Jarmo Korhonen y Mikko Martinsuo. "Methodology and Principle for Emergency Operation Computerization in Loviisa NPP Automation Renewal Project". En 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48929.

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Loviisa NPP has two VVER 440-type pressurised-water reactors. The automation renewal project started in the beginning of 2005 when Fortum signed a contract with a consortium of AREVA-NP and Siemens AG. The functional concept of the new I&C is defined in terms of task categories. In normal operational conditions the nuclear power unit is controlled by normal process control functions. Also safety-related preventive protection functions may be activated. Reactor protection functions are activated in operational transients and in accidents. Also diverse manual and automatic backup of the Reactor Protection System is foreseen. After an operational transient or an accident the operators steer the plant to a safe state using plant shutdown or accident management functions. The new control systems and Man Machine Interface (MMI) will be implemented using safety and non-safety digital control platforms and user interfaces. In addition to these conventional non-digital platform with dedicated MMI will be provided to control selected critical functions. Loviisa NPP is using Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP) designed together with AREVA-NP, EdF and Fortum consisting of event and state oriented procedures. This set of procedures is being adapted to a functional concept of the new I&C together with AREVA-NP and Fortum. The rules for organisation of operation with different EOPs and MMIs and the principles and methods of computerization of the EOPs are defined. The rules for organisation of operation with different EOPs and MMIs are designed taking into account requirements set for different task categories and criticality of the actions to be performed by the operator. Priority to the safety MMI is given in case of critical actions. Conventional MMI is used if fast operator response is required. The principles and methods of computerization of the EOPs are consistent with the concept developed for the French EPR and also for the new Chinese plant. This concept takes into account the N4 plant feedback. One of the main targets of the EOP computerizations is to keep the design of operation and support screens close to the present ones.

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Varpasuo, Pentti y Jukka Kähkönen. "Stress Test Evaluation of Refueling and Storage Pools for Loviisa NPP". En 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54517.

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The paper will describe the following analysis of Loviisa plant’s spent fuel pools. As a consequence of stress tests for the existing NPP’s in Finland after the experiences gathered from the Tohoku -Taheiyou-Oki event in Japan in March of this year Fortum Power and Heat Oy (Fortum) has initiated the following analyses of the Loviisa power plant’s refueling pools and spent fuel intermediate storage pools for the combined cooling loss and the earthquake loads. The following loads will be analyzed: 1) The spent fuel pool and refueling pools water temperature is 100 degrees Celsius. The heat load duration is undetermined; 2) The earthquake ground motion applied simultaneously with the thermal load is defined as follows: (ground motion response spectrum is defined in Guide YVL 2.6), the maximum horizontal acceleration is assumed to be 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.3g and 0.4g, respectively; 3) Own weight; 4) The pool of water, hydrostatic pressure load plus the sloshing load because of earthquake motion. Te analysis is aimed to demonstrate the structural integrity and leak-tightness of the pools under the effect of above loads. The analysis is nonlinear taking into account the cracking of the concrete. As a result of the analysis the maximum strains will be determined in the pool stainless steel liner as well in the pool concrete walls.

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Kähkönen, Jukka y Pentti Varpasuo. "Simulation of a Reinforced Concrete Slab Punching Impact". En 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54218.

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Reinforced concrete wall subjected to an impact by a hard steel missile with a mass of 47 kg and an impact velocity of 135 m/s was one case study in the IRIS 2010 benchmark exercise in OECD/NEA/CSNI/IAGE framework. The wall had dimensions of 2m × 2m × 0.25m and it was simply supported. The perforation of the missile was expected. Fortum Power and Heat Ltd. participated in the benchmark. In this paper, we present our modeling and blind prediction of the benchmark case. The test results of the benchmark were released after the predictions were made. Based on the result comparison, we concluded that our model gave conservative results.

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Kojo, Matti, Mika Kari y Tapio Litmanen. "Threats and Benefits: Updated Information on Local Opinions Regarding the Spent Nuclear Fuel Repository in Finland". En ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16128.

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The aim of the paper is to provide updated information on local opinion regarding the siting of a spent nuclear fuel repository in Finland. The main question is how the residents of the municipality perceive the threats and benefits of the repository. In accordance with the Decision in Principle by the Council of State passed in 2000, the Olkiluoto area in Municipality of Eurajoki was chosen as the location for the repository to accommodate spent nuclear fuel produced in Finland. Updated information on local opinions is needed as the siting process is approaching the next phase, the application for a construction license by 2012. The nuclear waste management company Posiva, owned by the utilities Teollisuuden Voima and Fortum Power and Heat, has also applied for a new Decision in Principle (DiP) for expansion of the repository. The data provided in this paper is based on a survey carried out in June 2008. The respondents were selected from the residents of the municipality of Eurajoki and the neighbouring municipalities using stratified random sampling (N = 3000). The response rate of the survey was 20% (N = 606). The paper is part of a joint research project between the University of Jyva¨skyla¨ and the University of Tampere. The research project “Follow-up research regarding socio-economic effects and communication of final disposal facility of spent nuclear fuel in Eurajoki and its neighbouring municipalities” is funded by the Finnish Research Programme on Nuclear Waste Management (KYT2010).

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Solin, Jussi, Tommi Seppänen, Petri Lemettinen, Juha Isometsä y Erkki Pulkkinen. "Environmental Fatigue Management for Long Time Operation: Finnish Point of View". En ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-94015.

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Abstract Accounting for environmental effects in fatigue has long been a necessity in Finland. This requirement was placed into the national regulatory guides in 2002 and the regulatory body, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) required the license holders of operating reactors to respond by 2004. At that time, the international state-of-the-art was reviewed and found not mature. However, reasonable approaches for accounting environmental effects were developed and adopted by both utilities, Fortum and TVO. Adoption of the proposed new design curves was considered impractical and calculation of Fen factors was preferred. This placed the Finnish utilities among the first industries, who brought environment assisted fatigue (EAF) into practice. At the same time, fatigue design of the new EPR design (OL3) was also subject of the requirement. The experimental work and approaches developed by Areva have been widely discussed in previous PVP Conferences. A high number of PVP papers in these ‘ENVIRONMENTAL FATIGUE ISSUES’ sessions reveals that work remains to be done before the state-of-the-art in EAF is mature and an international consensus can be reached. Follow-up of evolving state-of-the-art is a part of the safety culture for Finnish utilities and regulator. Therefore, we encourage the researchers and engineers together to find solutions, which can be justified by sound arguments and brought into practice to reduce confusion and bias in fatigue management.

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Enestam, Sonja H., Marko K. Fabritius, Seppo K. Hulkkonen y Jukka T. Ro¨ppa¨nen. "Control of Ash-Related Operational Problems in BFB Combustion of Biofuels and Waste". En 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-134.

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When moving towards CO2 neutral bio fuels and waste derived fuels, new challenges are set for combustion facilities and technical boiler solutions. A common feature for both bio- and waste fuels is a big variety in composition, often high levels of alkali metals, chlorine and moisture which make these fuels difficult to burn in facilities designed for conventional fuels such as coal, peat and wood. The problems that might occur due to high alkali and chlorine levels in the fuels, are slagging, fouling, corrosion and bed sintering. The Fortum BioMAC BFB boilers are designed especially for difficult, unconventional fuels such as rice husk, olive waste, straw, construction residue, de-inking sludge, etc. The design of each individual boiler is made based on advanced theoretical prediction tools and extensive fuel testing in laboratory and in pilot scale combustion facilities. The theoretical tools consist of a multi-phase multi-component chemical equilibrium model that estimates the slagging/fouling, sintering and corrosion propensity of the fuels/fuel mixtures and of a computational fluid dynamics part. CFD calculations are used to optimize the flow pattern and the temperature of the boiler in order to avoid hot temperatures in the vicinity of refractory linings and cooled surfaces. The chemical equilibrium calculations predict the melting behavior of the fuel ash, which is used as an indicator for the placement of the superheaters. The bottom ash removal is controlled for efficient removal of coarse material, screening and recirculation. The ash related problems of important bio and waste fuels, the analytical procedure of the evaluation of the usability of the fuels and the adaptation of the boiler design are discussed in the paper.

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Informes sobre el tema "Fortum"

Roberts, John. Display forum '97:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6161.

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Newton, Judith J. The naming forum:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4374.

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Arthur E., Appleton. Forum Selection in TradeLitigation. ICTSD International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ds_ip_20130419d.

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Knobler, Stacey L. Forum on Emerging Infections. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401424.

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Billotte, William G. y Sharon B. Nakich. Explosives Standards Forum Recommendations. National Institute of Standards and Technology, marzo de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7919.

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Choffness, Eileen. Forum on Microbial Threats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562454.

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Choffnes, Eileen. Forum of Microbial Threats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junio de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada549241.

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Rainwater, James C. y James C. Rainwater. Report on Forum 2000. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.975.

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Smith, Philip. Solid State Sciences Committee Forum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253556.

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Taylor, Ronald. Solid State Sciences Committee Forum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada270454.

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