Bibliografías temáticas / Green chemistry

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Green chemistry"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Green chemistry"

Rajendran, N. "Green Chemistry ? A Review". International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 3, n.º 3 (27 de marzo de 2015): 47–49. https://doi.org/10.70729/ijser1515.

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Usak, Muhammet. "GREEN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION". Problems of Education in the 21st Century 82, n.º 5 (10 de octubre de 2024): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/24.82.581.

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Green chemistry can also be referred to as sustainable chemistry and it is the design of chemical products and processes aimed at less or less the use of hazardous substances. It's about lessening the destructive consequences on the environment and the earth's sustainability (Wale et al., 2023; Mane et al., 2023). This accommodates many principles that outline how to design safer chemical reactions as well as technology and the use of green chemicals (De, 2023; Rathi et al., 2023). Such principles include the elimination or reduction of generation, using renewable raw materials, and the production of safer substances and materials to decrease harm to human health and the environment, according to Nithya and Sathish (2023). Thus, green chemistry's goal is to bring radical changes in industries researching for effective and eco-friendly strategies for the synthesis of materials, including nanomaterials, through employing cost-efficiency and biocompatibility with the help of earth's resources (De, 2023).

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Rubab, Laila, Ayesha Anum, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Ali Irfan, Sajjad Ahmad, Sami Ullah, Aamal A. Al-Mutairi y Magdi E. A. Zaki. "Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis: Recent Update on Green Catalytic Approaches in Synthesis of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles". Catalysts 12, n.º 11 (29 de octubre de 2022): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111329.

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Green (sustainable) chemistry provides a framework for chemists, pharmacists, medicinal chemists and chemical engineers to design processes, protocols and synthetic methodologies to make their contribution to the broad spectrum of global sustainability. Green synthetic conditions, especially catalysis, are the pillar of green chemistry. Green chemistry principles help synthetic chemists overcome the problems of conventional synthesis, such as slow reaction rates, unhealthy solvents and catalysts and the long duration of reaction completion time, and envision solutions by developing environmentally benign catalysts, green solvents, use of microwave and ultrasonic radiations, solvent-free, grinding and chemo-mechanical approaches. 1,2,4-thiadiazole is a privileged structural motif that belongs to the class of nitrogen–sulfur-containing heterocycles with diverse medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. This comprehensive review systemizes types of green solvents, green catalysts, ideal green organic synthesis characteristics and the green synthetic approaches, such as microwave irradiation, ultrasound, ionic liquids, solvent-free, metal-free conditions, green solvents and heterogeneous catalysis to construct different 1,2,4-thiadiazoles scaffolds.

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Das, Ananya, Abir Sadhukhan, Soumallya Chakraborty, Somenath Bhattacharya, Dr Amitava Roy y Dr Arin Bhattacharjee. "Role of Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis and Protection of Environment". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 1850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48373.

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Abstract: Nowadays green chemistry plays a vital role in organic chemistry. It minimizes the effect and use of hazardous substances on the environment and human health. The main goal of green chemistry is to use of green solvents (PEG, water, acetone, alcohol) eliminate the toxicity, uses of small quantity of catalyst and minimize the potential for chemical accident during work. Green chemistry is one type of chemistry where main focus is to eliminate or minimize the hazards by applying suitable process and raw materials. So it is more effective to pharmacists or chemists for avoiding this bad impact on human health, environment. Green chemistry also known as sustainable chemistry. Green chemistry is always interesting matter to pharmacists as well as chemists for synthesis pharmaceutical products. Green chemistry brings a new path for synthesizing safer chemical products. For manufacturing pharmaceutical products by using green chemistry, there have many criteria or methods that should be followed for synthesis chemical products during manufacturing condition. Some of these are prevention waste, Atom economy, less hazardous chemical syntheses, designing safer chemicals, safer solvents, design for more energy efficient chemical, use of renewable feed stocks, reduce derivatives in any compounds, catalysis, design for degradation, real time analysis for pollution prevention, inherently safer for accident prevention, etc. These methods should be considerable before synthesized chemical products by applying green chemistry for eliminating or minimizing hazardous in chemical products during synthesis.

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Payal Rathi, Saba Nausheen y Nisha. "Green chemistry and technology for sustainable development". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, n.º 2 (30 de marzo de 2023): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.2.0225.

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Green chemistry is one of the most explored topics these days. Major research on green chemistry aims to reduce or eradicate the production of harmful bi-products and maximizing the desired product in an eco friendly way. The green chemistry is required to minimize the harm of the nature by anthropogenic materials and the processes applied to generate them. Green chemistry indicates research emerges from scientific discoveries about effluence responsiveness. Green chemistry involves 12 principals which minimize or eliminates the use or production of unsafe substances. Scientists and Chemists can significantly minimize the risk to environment and health of human by the help of all the valuable ideology of green chemistry. The principles of green chemistry can be achieved by the use environmental friendly, harmless, reproducible and solvents and catalysts during production of medicine, and in researches. Green chemistry could include anything from reducing waste to even disposing of waste in the correct manner. All chemical wastes should be disposed of in the best possible manner without causing any damage to the environment and living beings. This article presents selected examples of implementation of green chemistry principles in everyday life.

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HAN, Buxing. "Green Chemistry". Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 34, n.º 8 (2018): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb201803211.

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Kitamura, Yoshiaki. "Green Chemistry". Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 57, n.º 12 (2010): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.57.546.

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M0RRISSEY, SUSAN. "GREEN CHEMISTRY". Chemical & Engineering News Archive 82, n.º 12 (22 de marzo de 2004): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n012.p009a.

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Vaccaro, Luigi. "Green chemistry". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (15 de diciembre de 2016): 2763–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.273.

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Poliakoff, Martyn y Pete Licence. "Green chemistry". Nature 450, n.º 7171 (diciembre de 2007): 810–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/450810a.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Green chemistry"

Liu, Tao. "Chemoinformetics for green chemistry". Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8634.

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This thesis focuses on the development of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSPR) models for physicochemical properties, e.g., vapor pressure and partitioning coefficients. Such models can be used to estimate environmental distribution and transformation of the pollutants or to characterize solvents properties. Here, chemoinformatics was used as an efficient tool for modeling to produce safe chemicals based on green chemistry principles. Experimental determinations are only available for a limited number of the chemicals; however, theoretical molecular descriptors can be used for modeling of all organic compounds. In this thesis, we developed and validated a global and local QSPR model for vapor pressure of liquid and subcooled liquid organic compounds, in which perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) as outliers appeared in the model due to their molecular properties. Subsequently, after the update of the previous model, the vapor pressure of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) for which no reliable experimental data are available was successfully predicted. At the same time, we used partitioning between n-octanol/water (Kow) and water solubility (Sw) to investigate the similarities and differences between linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) and partial least square projection to latent structures (PLS) models. Further, we developed QSPR model for prediction of melting points and boiling points of PFCs using multiple linear regression (MLR), PLS and associative neural networks (ASNN) approaches, meanwhile, the applicability domain of PFCs was also investigated. Experimental, semi-empirical and theoretical quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models were used to accurately predict retention factors (logk) in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). These models are useful to characterize solvents for determination of the behavior and interactions of molecular structure and develop chromatographic methods. In both of QSPR and QSRR models using the PLS method, the first and second components captured main information which is related to van der Waals forces and polar interactions, and their results coincide with those from LSER. The results showed that the models of physicochemical properties and retention factors (logk) in chromatographic system can be successfully developed by the PLS method. PLS models were able to predict physicochemical properties of organic compounds directly from theoretical descriptors without prior synthesis, measurement or sampling. Further, the PLS method could overcome colinearity in data sets, and it is therefore a rapid, cheap and highly efficient approach

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Goei, Elisabeth Rukmini. "Using Green Chemistry Experiments to Engage Sophomore Organic Chemistry". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1280437800.

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Omajali, Jacob B. "Novel bionanocatalysts for green chemistry applications". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6260/.

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Desulfovibrio desulfuricans have been known to synthesize good catalysts in a number of industrially and environmentally relevant reactions but the underlying reasons and/or mechanisms for such catalysis have largely remained elusive. This study has shown that in addition to nanoparticle (NP) size, the catalytic properties of D. desulfuricans is hinged on several factors such as the textural surface of the bacterial support, binding mechanism to surface functional groups (amine, carboxyl, phosphoryl and sulfuryl groups) and the crystal structure of the resulting catalyst NPs. In this study, various characterization techniques: AFM, EDX, SEM, HAADF-STEM, HRTEM, XRD and XPS and catalytic hydrogenation of soybean oil. The concept of intracellular trafficking of palladium into the cells of both Gram-negative (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) and Gram-positive (Bacillus benzeovorans) bacteria was pioneered against previously known extracellular NP deposition. The membrane integrity and membrane potentials of “palladized” cells (‘bio-Pd’) were found to be retained through flow cytometry analysis. Bio-supported bimetallic (bio-Pd/Pt) catalyst from D. desulfuricans and B. benzeovorans demonstrated comparable catalytic properties to a commercial catalyst (Ni-Mo/Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)) as a potential ‘green’ alternative. Generally, the extent of viscosity reduction was: 98.7% (thermal), 99.2% (bio-NPs) and 99.6% (Ni-Mo/Al\(_2\)O\(_3\)) below 1031 mPa.s of the feed heavy oil. Also the bimetallic bio-NPs produced an increment of ~2\(^o\) in API (American petroleum institute) gravity (~9.1\(^o\)) than monometallic (~7.6\(^o\)) on average while the API gravity using thermal was lower (6.3\(^o\)) while that of a commercial catalyst was 11.1\(^o\). Finally, the concept of tandem (one-pot) catalysis was pioneered as a potential platform for the remediation of chlorinated benzenes.

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Sivaswamy, Swetha. "Industrial applications of principles of green chemistry". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44776.

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Cross-linked polyethylene has higher upper use temperature than normal polyethylene and is used as an insulating material for electricity carrying cables and hot water pipes. The most common method of inducing crosslinks is by reaction with silanes. After incorporation of silanes into polyethylene and upon hydrolysis with ambient moisture or with hot water, Si-O-Si crosslinks are formed between the various linear polyethylene chains. Industrially, this reaction is performed routinely. However, the efficiency of this reaction with respect to the silane is low and control of product distribution is difficult. A precise fundamental understanding is necessary to be able to manipulate the reactions and thus, allow for the facile processing of the polymers. Hydrocarbon models of polymers - heptane, dodecane - are being used to study this reaction in the laboratory. For the reaction, vinyltrimethoxysilane is used as the grafting agent along with di-tert-butyl peroxide as the radical initiator. MALDI, a mass spectrometric technique is used for the analysis of the product distribution after work-up. Advanced NMR techniques (COSY, HSQC, DEPT, APT, HMBC) are being conducted on the grafted hydrocarbon compounds to gain an in-depth understanding of the mechanism and regiochemistry of the grafting reaction. Scalable and cost effective methods to capture CO2 are important to counterbalance some of the global impact of the combustion of fossil fuels on climate change. The main options available now include absorption, adsorption and membrane technology. Amines, especially monoethanolamine, have been the most commercialized technology. However, it is not without disadvantages. House et al have investigated the energy penalty involved in the post-combustion CO2 capture and storage from coal-fired power plants and found that 15-20% reduction in the overall electricity usage is necessary to offset the penalty from capturing and storing 80% of United States coal fleet's CO2 emssions1. Novel non-aqueous amine solvents, developed by the Eckert Liotta group, react with CO2 to form ionic liquids. The ionic liquids readily desorb CO2 upon heating, regenerating the reactive amines and this cycle can be carried out multiple times. An iterative procedure is being adopted to develop amine solvents for CO2 capture. Thermodynamic information like reversal temperature and boiling point of the solvents are collected; they are then used to formulate structure property relationships which allow for new molecules to be engineered. On reaction with CO2, there is a sharp increase in viscosity which is unfavorable from a processing standpoint. Many approaches to mitigate and control viscosity are being studied as well. 1House et al, Energy Environ Sci, 2009, 2, 193-205

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Curia, Silvio. "Supercritical carbon dioxide for green polymer chemistry". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/36325/.

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This thesis details novel research on the design of new approaches that might lead to a more sustainable polymer industry by combining the use of supercritical carbon dioxide, a commercially available immobilised enzyme and renewable monomers. First, the key themes explored in this thesis are outlined. Green polymer chemistry, biodegradable and renewable polymers, biocatalysts for polymerisations (i.e. enzymes) and supercritical carbon dioxide as a reaction medium for polymer synthesis and processing are introduced (Chapter 1). Then, the high-pressure equipment and characterisation techniques are detailed. The reaction vessel used extensively in this research work is meticulously described. The high-pressure fixed-volume view cell and the high-pressure rheometer are also detailed (Chapter 2). This chapter includes also the standard operating procedure (SOP) for each piece of equipment. In the first research chapter, the carbon dioxide-induced melting point depression of poly(e-caprolactone) is investigated; thorough rheometric studies are used to provide a rheological viewpoint to this phenomenon (Chapter 3). Shear-viscosity studies were performed in order to assess the advantages that high-pressure carbon dioxide could deliver for semi-crystalline polymer processing. Visual observations of the polymer plasticisation and comparisons with high-temperature studies are also shown. In the subsequent chapter, the development of a novel enzymatic low-temperature approach for the preparation of functional low molecular weight polyesters is detailed (Chapter 4). By exploiting the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide and an enzyme catalyst, polymerisations ordinarily conducted using metal catalysts in excess of 200 °C were successfully conducted at milder conditions. Functional molecules could be used to end-cap the chains, thus producing green telechelics. Then, this innovative synthetic approach was extended to the preparation of bio- based amphiphilic polymers, which could be useful for drugs encapsulation and as surfactants in detergent formulations (Chapter 5). Specifically, the self-assembly of these novel polymers and the stability of the aggregated structures in water were investigated in detail. Additionally, encapsulation of a highly lipophilic molecule (Coumarin-6) and surface tension studies provided a clear demonstration of the usefulness of these polymers for a wide range of applications. The final part of the thesis sums up the overall conclusions obtained from this research work and outlines possible opportunities for future research in this area (Chapter 6).

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Rahm, Martin. "Green Propellants". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fysikalisk kemi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25835.

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To enable future environmentally friendly access to space by means of solid rocket propulsion a viable replacement to the hazardous ammonium perchlorate oxidizer is needed. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is one of few such compounds currently known. Unfortunately compatibility issues with many polymer binder systems and unexplained solid-state behavior have thus far hampered the development of ADN-based propellants. Chapters one, two and three offer a general introduction to the thesis, and into relevant aspects of quantum chemistry and polymer chemistry. Chapter four of this thesis presents extensive quantum chemical and spectroscopic studies that explain much of ADN’s anomalous reactivity, solid-state behavior and thermal stability. Polarization of surface dinitramide anions has been identified as the main reason for the decreased stability of solid ADN, and theoretical models have been developed to explain and predict the solid-state stability of general dinitramide salts. Experimental decomposition characteristics for ADN, such as activation energy and decomposition products, have been explained for different physical conditions. The reactivity of ADN towards many chemical groups is explained by ammonium-mediated conjugate addition reactions. It is predicted that ADN can be stabilized by changing the surface chemistry with additives, for example by using hydrogen bond donors, and by trapping radical intermediates using suitable amine-functionalities. Chapter five presents several conceptual green energetic materials (GEMs), including different pentazolate derivatives, which have been subjected to thorough theoretical studies. One of these, trinitramide (TNA), has been synthesized and characterized by vibrational and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, chapter six covers the synthesis of several polymeric materials based on polyoxetanes, which have been tested for compatibility with ADN. Successful formation of polymer matrices based on the ADN-compatible polyglycidyl azide polymer (GAP) has been demonstrated using a novel type of macromolecular curing agent. In light of these results further work towards ADN-propellants is strongly encouraged.
QC 20101103

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Vallin, Karl S. A. "Regioselective Heck Coupling Reactions : Focus on Green Chemistry". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3380.

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Carbon-carbon bond formation reactions are among the most important processes in chemistry, as they represent key steps in the synthesis of more complex molecules from simple precursors. This thesis describes mainly the development of novel regioselective applications of the mild and versatile palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling method, commonly known as the Heck reaction. In addition, this thesis will focus on environmentally friendly developments of the Heck reaction.

Novel ligand-controlled internal Heck vinylations of vinyl ethers and enamides to form branched electron-rich dienes were performed with high regioselectivity. The vinylation of 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether permits a chemoselective transformation of a vinylic triflate or bromide into a blocked α,β-unsaturated methyl ketone. Furthermore, a simple separation of the palladium catalyst was achieved with new fluorous-tagged bidentate ligands in combination with fluorous solid phase extraction. The reaction times could be reduced up to 1000 times with controlled microwave heating in the palladium-catalyzed reactions with, in the majority of cases, retained, high selectivity.

The development of a “green” regioselective arylation and vinylation method relying on an aqueous DMF-potassium carbonate system and excluding the toxic thallium salt has been accomplished. Ionic liquids as the versatile and environmentally friendly class of solvents have been used in rapid phosphine-free terminal Heck arylations with controlled microwave heating. Recycling of the catalytic medium was achieved after a simple product purification.

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Arcelay, Angel R. "The free energy generated by photosystem I and photosystem II of green and blue-green algae /". The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487591658173946.

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Giménez, Pedrós Marta. "Towards green chemistry: alternative solvents for catalysed carbonylation reactions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9076.

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L'objectiu d'aquest treball ha estat l'estudi de l'ús de dissolvents alternatius no tòxics, com l'aigua i el diòxid de carboni supercrític, en les reaccions catalitzades d'hidroformilació i copolimerització. En el capítol 3 s'estudia la hidroformilació de 1-octè i 1-decè en medi aquós utilitzant catalitzadors de rodi associats a les difosfines sulfonades dpppts i dppbts. Per tal d'augmentar la solubilitat d'aquestes olefines en l'aigua es van utilitzar diferents estratègies com l'ús de co-solvents, tensioactius i una macromolècula dendrimèrica, com a agents de transferència de fase. L'addició del tensioactius aniònics al sistema augmenta la conversió del sistema en ambdós substrats malauradament la selectivitat en aldehids va ser baixa. L'addició del tensioactiu catiònic va augmentar tant la conversió com la selectivitat en aldehids. En aquest cas el sistema catalític es va poder reciclar mantenint tant la activitat com la selectivitat. L'addició de metanol com a co-solvent emprant 1-octè com a substrat va resultar en un augment de la conversió. L'addició del dendrimer al sistema no va millorar els resultats obtinguts.
El diòxid de carboni supercrític (scCO2) també s'ha estudiat com a medi de reacció. En el capítol 4 es descriu la síntesis de tres lligands fòsfor-dadors nous que contenen cadenes ramificades, PPh3-n(OC9H19) (n = 1, 2, 3), amb l'objectiu d'utilitzar-los en la reacció d'hidroformilació de 1-octè utilitzant com a dissolvent scCO2. Per tal d'estudiar la química de coordinació d'aquests lligands es van sintetitzar complexos catiònics de Rh(I) i complexos neutres de pal·ladi (II). Per mitjà d'estudis de ressonància magnètica i espectroscòpia infraroja a pressió es van estudiar les espècies que es formen en les condicions de hidroformilació. Els lligands sintetitzats no van donar lloc a sistemes catalítics solubles en scCO2 en les condicions estudiades. Malgrat això aquests sistemes van ser actius per la reacció d'hidroformilació de 1-octè en scCO2 i toluè. En condicions apropiades de reacció s'obtenen conversions i selectivitats elevades en ambdós solvents. Amb el sistema Rh/PPh2(OC9H19) emprant scCO2 com a dissolvent es va obtenir una millora de selectivitat en aldehids.
En el capítol 5 es descriu l'aplicació del lligand P(C6H4-p-OCH2C7F15)3 a la reacció d'hidroformilació de 1-octè,1-decè i estirè catalitzada per rodi. Aquests sistema va resultar soluble en scCO2. Emprant baixes concentracions de rodi i una relació P:Rh = 3, es van observar bones activitats i selectivitats en aldehids per a la hidroformilació d'1-octè. El sistema també va resultar actiu per la hidroformilació d'1-decè i estirè.
La reacció de copolimerització d'alquens i monòxid de carboni catalitzada per pal·ladi permet la síntesi de policetones. Per a la copolimerització de tert-butilestirè i CO, un dels sistemes més actius està basat en l'ús de catalitzadors de pal·ladi amb lligands N-dadors: bipiridina i fenantrolina. En el capítol 6 es descriu el primer exemple de copolimerització de tert-butilestirè i monòxid de carboni catalitzada per sistemes de pal·ladi emprant com a medi de reacció el diòxid de carboni supercrític. Per assolir aquest objectiu es van sintetitzar lligands bipiridina i fenantrolina amb cadenes perfluorades per tal d'augmentar la solubilitat del sistema catalític en scCO2. Es van sintetitzar els complexos neutres de pal·ladi [PdCl(CH3)(Bipif o Phenf)] i els complexes catiònics de pal·ladi [Pd(CH3)(NCCH3)(Bipif o Phenf)]BARF. Els complexos catiònics de pal·ladi van mostrar una elevada solubilitat en scCO2. La reacció de copolimerització de tert-butilestirè i CO es va estudiar tant en scCO2 com en diclormetà com a dissolvents. Els resultats van mostrar que el sistema catalític presenta una activitat similar en diòxid de carboni supercrític a la que s'observa amb diclormetà però en el medi supercrític els copolímers tenen pesos moleculars que arriben a ser el doble del que s'obté en el dissolvent orgànic i amb polidispersitats molt més baixes.
The main objective of this thesis was to study the use of alternative and non-toxic solvents, water and supercritical carbon dioxide, for catalysed hydroformylation and copolymerisation reactions. Rhodium catalysed hydroformylation of 1-octene and 1-decene in biphasic aqueous systems using sulfonated diphosphines (dpppts, dppbts) as ligands was studied in Chapter 3. In order to increase the solubility of the alkenes in water different strategies such as addition of surfactants, co-solvents and a dendrimeric molecule have been studied. The addition of an anionic surfactant to both systems increases the conversion but the selectivity in aldehydes decreases obtaining mainly isomers as reaction products. The addition of a cationic surfactant to the system increases both activity and selectivity in aldehydes. However, high concentrations of cationic surfactants led to loss of catalyst in the organic phase. When 1-octene was used as substrate a slight increase in regioselectivity in nonanal was observed. Using 1-decene and dppbts a ligand high selectivity in aldehydes up to 97% with 63% of conversion were obtained, in addition the system could be recycled maintaining both conversion and selectivity in aldehydes. The addition of methanol as a co-solvent increases the conversion of the reaction, when dppbts was used as a ligand an enhancement in aldehydes selectivity was observed. The use of dendrimer did not improve the results.
In Chapter 4 was studied the hydroformylation of 1-octene in supercritical carbon dioxide. In order to obtain soluble catalyst in supercritical carbon dioxide new ligands containing alkyl chains, PPh3-n(OC9H19)n (n = 1, 2, 3), were synthesised. The coordination of these ligands to rhodium and palladium, the activity of these ligands in hydroformylation of 1-octene in toluene as a solvent and the reactivity of them with CO/H2 were also discussed. Although the ligands were not soluble in scCO2, good activities can be obtained using the appropriate reaction conditions, similar conversion and aldehydes selectivity than the obtained using toluene as a solvent where obtained using P(OC9H19)3 as a ligand. Using PPh(OC9H19)2 and PPh2(OC9H19) as ligands in supercritical carbon dioxide low conversion were observed. However improved selectivities in aldehydes were obtained.

Chapter 5 deals with the use of perfluorinated ligands in order to solubilize the catalyst in supercritical carbon dioxide. A perfluorinated phosphine previously applied to biphasic fluorous hydroformylation was used to study the catalyzed rhodium hydroformylation of 1-octene, 1-decene and styrene in scCO2. The solubility studies showed that the catalytic system was soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide. Good activities and selectivities in aldehydes using 1-octene as a substrate were observed at very low rhodium concentrations and P:Rh ratios.

In Chapter 6 was studied the copolymerisation of 4-tert-butylstirene with CO in supercritical carbon dioxide. To achieve this objective we propose the synthesis of N-donor ligands containing perfluorinated chains. The neutral palladium complexes [PdCl(CH3)(Bipyf o Phenf)] and cationic palladium complexes [Pd(CH3)(NCCH3)(Bipyf o Phenf)]BARF were synthesised. The cationic complexes showed high solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. These complexes were used as catalysts in the palladium catalysed copolymerisation of 4-tert-butylstirene with CO using scCO2 and dichloromethane as solvents. The results obtained showed that the catalytic system has similar activities in both solvents. However, using carbon dioxide as a solvent the molecular weights are higher than the obtained in dichloromethane in the same reaction conditions. Moreover the polyketones obtained in scCO2 have very narrow molecular weight distribution.

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Kopetzki, Daniel. "Exploring hydrothermal reactions : from prebiotic synthesis to green chemistry". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5258/.

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In this thesis chemical reactions under hydrothermal conditions were explored, whereby emphasis was put on green chemistry. Water at high temperature and pressure acts as a benign solvent. Motivation to work under hydrothermal conditions was well-founded in the tunability of physicochemical properties with temperature, e.g. of dielectric constant, density or ion product, which often resulted in surprising reactivity. Another cornerstone was the implementation of the principles of green chemistry. Besides the use of water as solvent, this included the employment of a sustainable feedstock and the sensible use of resources by minimizing waste and harmful intermediates and additives. To evaluate the feasibility of hydrothermal conditions for chemical synthesis, exemplary reactions were performed. These were carried out in a continuous flow reactor, allowing for precise control of reaction conditions and kinetics measurements. In most experiments a temperature of 200 °C in combination with a pressure of 100 bar was chosen. In some cases the temperature was even raised to 300 °C. Water in this subcritical range can also be found in nature at hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. On the primitive earth, environments with such conditions were however present in larger numbers. Therefore we tested whether biologically important carbohydrates could be formed at high temperature from the simple, probably prebiotic precursor formaldehyde. Indeed, this formose reaction could be carried out successfully, although the yield was lower compared to the counterpart reaction under ambient conditions. However, striking differences regarding selectivity and necessary catalysts were observed. At moderate temperatures bases and catalytically active cations like Ca2+ are necessary and the main products are hexoses and pentoses, which accumulate due to their higher stability. In contrast, in high-temperature water no catalyst was necessary but a slightly alkaline solution was sufficient. Hexoses were only formed in negligible amounts, whereas pentoses and the shorter carbohydrates accounted for the major fraction. Amongst the pentoses there was some preference for the formation of ribose. Even deoxy sugars could be detected in traces. The observation that catalysts can be avoided was successfully transferred to another reaction. In a green chemistry approach platform chemicals must be produced from sustainable resources. Carbohydrates can for instance be employed as a basis. They can be transformed to levulinic acid and formic acid, which can both react via a transfer hydrogenation to the green solvent and biofuel gamma-valerolactone. This second reaction usually requires catalysis by Ru or Pd, which are neither sustainable nor low-priced. Under hydrothermal conditions these heavy metals could be avoided and replaced by cheap salts, taking advantage of the temperature dependence of the acid dissociation constant. Simple sulfate was recognized as a temperature switchable base. With this additive high yield could be achieved by simultaneous prevention of waste. In contrast to conventional bases, which create salt upon neutralization, a temperature switchable base becomes neutral again when cooled down and thus can be reused. This adds another sustainable feature to the high atom economy of the presented hydrothermal synthesis. In a last study complex decomposition pathways of biomass were investigated. Gas chromatography in conjunction with mass spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for the identification of unknowns. It was observed that several acids were formed when carbohydrates were treated with bases at high temperature. This procedure was also applied to digest wood. Afterwards it was possible to fermentate the solution and a good yield of methane was obtained. This has to be regarded in the light of the fact that wood practically cannot be used as a feedstock in a biogas factory. Thus the hydrothermal pretreatment is an efficient means to employ such materials as well. Also the reaction network of the hydrothermal decomposition of glycine was investigated using isotope-labeled compounds as comparison for the unambiguous identification of unknowns. This refined analysis allowed the identification of several new molecules and pathways, not yet described in literature. In summary several advantages could be taken from synthesis in high-temperature water. Many catalysts, absolutely necessary under ambient conditions, could either be completely avoided or replaced by cheap, sustainable alternatives. In this respect water is not only a green solvent, but helps to prevent waste and preserves resources.
In dieser Arbeit wurden chemische Reaktionen unter Hydrothermalbedingungen untersucht. Darunter versteht man Wasser als Reaktionsmedium, welches eine Temperatur über 100 °C aufweist. Der flüssige Zustand wird dabei durch erhöhten Druck aufrecht erhalten. Typischerweise wurden die Reaktionen bei 200 °C und einem Druck von 100 bar durchgeführt, also dem 100-fachen des Normaldrucks. Dieses System kann man auch mit einem Dampfdrucktopf vergleichen, wobei durch die erhöhten Temperaturen chemische Reaktionen sehr schnell ablaufen und überraschende Reaktivität auftritt. Die Motivation, Wasser als Lösemittel zu benutzen, ist auch in seiner Umweltfreundlichkeit gegenüber klassischen organischen Lösemitteln begründet. Da solche Hydrothermalbedingungen auf der frühen Erde häufiger anzutreffen waren, wurde untersucht, ob wichtige Biomoleküle bei solch hoher Temperatur gebildet werden können. In der Tat konnten Zucker aus der sehr einfachen Verbindung Formaldehyd synthetisiert werden. Hierzu war lediglich eine leicht basische Lösung nötig und keine der bei moderaten Temperaturen essentiellen Katalysatoren. Zucker stellen zudem den größten Teil der pflanzlichen Biomasse dar und können daher als Grundlage für eine nachhaltige Chemie dienen. Sie können relativ einfach zu Lävulin- und Ameisensäure umgesetzt werden. Aus diesen wiederum kann die wichtige Basischemikalie gamma-Valerolacton hergestellt werden. Der Schlüsselschritt, die Reduktion von Lävulinsäure, erforderte bisher die Zuhilfenahme seltener Edelmetalle wie Ruthenium. Es konnte nun gezeigt werden, dass unter Hydrothermalbedingungen diese Rolle von einfachen Salzen, z. B. Natriumsulfat, übernommen werden kann. Hierbei macht man sich zunutze, dass sie nur bei hoher Temperatur basisch wirken, nicht aber wenn die Lösung wieder abgekühlt ist. Neben Kohlenhydraten besteht Biomasse auch aus Aminosäuren, von denen Glycin die einfachste darstellt. Unter Abspaltung von CO2 können aus ihnen synthetisch wichtige Amine hergestellt werden. Diese Reaktion findet unter Hydrothermalbedingungen statt, daneben treten jedoch noch andere Produkte auf. Unbekannte Verbindungen wurden mittels Massenspektroskopie identifiziert, wobei die Masse des Moleküls und bestimmter Molekülfragmente bestimmt wurde. Dies erlaubte es, bisher noch unbekannte Reaktionswege aufzuklären. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass Wasser unter Hydrothermalbedingungen eine interessante Alternative zu organischen Lösemitteln darstellt. Desweiteren können bestimmte Katalysatoren, die bei moderaten Temperaturen nötig sind, entweder vollständig eingespart oder ersetzt werden. In dieser Hinsicht ist Wasser nicht nur ein umweltfreundliches Lösemittel, sondern trägt dazu bei, Abfall zu vermeiden und Ressourcen zu schonen.

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Libros sobre el tema "Green chemistry"

Ahluwalia, V. K. Green Chemistry. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58513-6.

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Savitskaya, Tatsiana, Iryna Kimlenka, Yin Lu, Dzmitry Hrynshpan, Valentin Sarkisov, Jie Yu, Nabo Sun, Shilei Wang, Wei Ke y Li Wang. Green Chemistry. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3746-9.

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Tiwari, Vinod K., Abhijeet Kumar, Sanchayita Rajkhowa, Garima Tripathi y Anil Kumar Singh. Green Chemistry. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2734-8.

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Anastas, Paul T. y Tracy C. Williamson, eds. Green Chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0626.

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Luque, Rafael. Green chemistry. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Anastas, Paul T., Irvin J. Levy y Kathryn E. Parent, eds. Green Chemistry Education. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1011.

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Płotka-Wasylka, Justyna y Jacek Namieśnik, eds. Green Analytical Chemistry. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9105-7.

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Lapkin, Alexei y David J. C. Constable, eds. Green Chemistry Metrics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444305432.

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P. Dicks, Andrew y Andrei Hent. Green Chemistry Metrics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10500-0.

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Dragutan, Valerian, Albert Demonceau, Ileana Dragutan y Eugene Sh Finkelshtein, eds. Green Metathesis Chemistry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3433-5.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Green chemistry"

Nedwin, Glenn E. "Green Chemistry". En Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment, 13–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5395-3_3.

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Colberg, Juan C. "Green Chemistry". En Practical Synthetic Organic Chemistry, 683–702. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118093559.ch16.

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Ahluwalia, V. K. "Green Chemistry". En Green Chemistry, 1–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58513-6_1.

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Paulina, Szmydke‐Cacciapalle. "Chemistry". En Making Jeans Green, 69–96. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351200554-4.

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Savitskaya, Tatsiana, Iryna Kimlenka, Yin Lu, Dzmitry Hrynshpan, Valentin Sarkisov, Jie Yu, Nabo Sun, Shilei Wang, Wei Ke y Li Wang. "Green Chemistry Technology". En Green Chemistry, 93–105. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3746-9_4.

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Varma, Rajender S. "Green Chemistry green chemistry with Microwave Energy green chemistry with microwave energy". En Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 4642–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_238.

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Savitskaya, Tatsiana, Iryna Kimlenka, Yin Lu, Dzmitry Hrynshpan, Valentin Sarkisov, Jie Yu, Nabo Sun, Shilei Wang, Wei Ke y Li Wang. "Applications of Green Chemistry". En Green Chemistry, 31–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3746-9_3.

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Savitskaya, Tatsiana, Iryna Kimlenka, Yin Lu, Dzmitry Hrynshpan, Valentin Sarkisov, Jie Yu, Nabo Sun, Shilei Wang, Wei Ke y Li Wang. "Aims of Green Chemistry". En Green Chemistry, 15–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3746-9_2.

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Savitskaya, Tatsiana, Iryna Kimlenka, Yin Lu, Dzmitry Hrynshpan, Valentin Sarkisov, Jie Yu, Nabo Sun, Shilei Wang, Wei Ke y Li Wang. "Principle of Green Chemistry". En Green Chemistry, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3746-9_1.

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Horwitz, Colin P. "Oxidation Catalysts green oxidation catalyst for Green Chemistry green chemistry". En Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 7585–618. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_375.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Green chemistry"

Boughton, Bob. "California's Green Chemistry initiative". En 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issst.2009.5156787.

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Leitner, Walter. "2022 Green Chemistry GRC". En The Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on Green Chemistry was held at the Rey Don Jaime Grand Hotel in Castelldefels, B, Spain from July 24-29, 2022. The meeting covered a variety of scientific topics and the content presented was highly rated by participants. US DOE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2007064.

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BEACH, EVAN S. y PAUL T. ANASTAS. "PLASTICS ADDITIVES AND GREEN CHEMISTRY". En International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 42nd Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814327503_0075.

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Stafford, Nathan, Colin Jennings, Scott Biltek, Phong Nguyen y Yichen Yao. "Green chemistry for SiN etch". En Advanced Etch Technology and Process Integration for Nanopatterning XIII, editado por Efrain Altamirano-Sánchez y Nihar Mohanty. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3021929.

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Supiandi, Ujang, Ferli Irwansyah, Widodo Azis y W. Darmalaksana. "Green Chemistry Solution to Environmental Problems". En Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Islam, Science and Technology, ICONISTECH 2019, 11-12 July 2019, Bandung, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-7-2019.2297557.

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Martins, Jaelson Marques, José Renato Gomes Lopes, Lucas de Sá Batista y Carlos Alberto da Silva Júnior. "Education in Green Chemistry supported by Computational Chemistry - A Brief Review". En V Congresso Online Nacional de Química. Congresse.me, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/ubfv3817.

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THIELEMANS, WIM. "BIO-BASED POLYMERS: A GREEN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVE". En International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 42nd Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814327503_0078.

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O'BRIEN, KAREN PEABODY. "REVOLUTIONARY SCIENCES: GREEN CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH". En International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 42nd Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814327503_0079.

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Walia, Ayushi y Hardev Singh Virdi. "Integrating green chemistry in chemical water treatment". En 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0140116.

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Fitri, Asyari Nurul y Isana Supiah Yosephine Louise. "Analysis of android media development needs in green chemistry-based chemistry learning". En FRONTIERS IN INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS: FIAM2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133609.

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Informes sobre el tema "Green chemistry"

Beary, Ellyn S. International workshop on green chemistry and engineering:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6337.

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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten y Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, julio de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.

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Hovey, Megan. Ligand strategies for green chemistry. Catalysts for amide reduction and hydroamination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1226561.

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Zeikus, J. Gregory. Green Chemistry Technology and Product Development. Final Report for Intermediary Biochemicals, Inc. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1357809.

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Kalman, Joseph y Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, julio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2041.

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The energy-water nexus (i.e., availability of potable water and clean energy) is among the most important problems currently facing society. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint in combustion related vehicles. However, ammonia production processes typically have their own carbon footprint and do not necessarily come from sustainable sources. This research examines wastewater filtration processes to harvest ammonia for transportation processes. The research team studied mock wastewater solutions and was able to achieve ammonia concentrations above 80%(nanofiltration) and 90% (reverse osmosis). The research team also investigated the influence of transmembrane pressure and flow rates. No degradation to the membrane integrity was observed during the process. This research used constant pressure combustion simulations to calculate the ignition delay times for NH3-air flames with expected impurities from the wastewater treatment processes. The influence of impurities, such as H2O, CO, CO2, and HCl, were studied under a range of thermodynamic conditions expected in compression ignition engines. The team observed carbon monoxide and water vapor to slightly decrease (at most 5%) ignition delay time, whereas HCl, in general, increased the ignition delay. The changes to the combustion chemistry and its influence of the reaction mechanism on the results are discussed. The experimental wastewater treatment study determined that reverse osmosis produced higher purity ammonia. The findings of the combustion work suggest that ignition delays will be similar to pure ammonia if HCl is filtered from the final product.

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Kalman, Joseph y Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, julio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2041.

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Chidsey, Thomas C., David E. Eby, Michael D. Vanden Berg y Douglas A. Sprinkel. Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs and Analogs from Utah. Utah Geological Survey, julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-168.

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Multiple oil discoveries reveal the global scale and economic importance of a distinctive reservoir type composed of possible microbial lacustrine carbonates like the Lower Cretaceous pre-salt reservoirs in deepwater offshore Brazil and Angola. Marine microbialite reservoirs are also important in the Neoproterozoic to lowest Cambrian starta of the South Oman Salt Basin as well as large Paleozoic deposits including those in the Caspian Basin of Kazakhstan (e.g., Tengiz field), and the Cedar Creek Anticline fields and Ordovician Red River “B” horizontal play of the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota, respectively. Evaluation of the various microbial fabrics and facies, associated petrophysical properties, diagenesis, and bounding surfaces are critical to understanding these reservoirs. Utah contains unique analogs of microbial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the modern Great Salt Lake and the lacustrine Tertiary (Eocene) Green River Formation (cores and outcrop) within the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah. Comparable characteristics of both lake environments include shallowwater ramp margins that are susceptible to rapid widespread shoreline changes, as well as compatible water chemistry and temperature ranges that were ideal for microbial growth and formation/deposition of associated carbonate grains. Thus, microbialites in Great Salt Lake and from the Green River Formation exhibit similarities in terms of the variety of microbial textures and fabrics. In addition, Utah has numerous examples of marine microbial carbonates and associated facies that are present in subsurface analog oil field cores.

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Simpson, Sean D., Tanus Abdalla, Steve D. Brown, Christina Canter, Robert Conrado, James Daniell, Asela Dassanayake et al. Development of a Sustainable Green Chemistry Platform for Production of Acetone and Downstream Drop-in Fuel and Commodity Products directly from Biomass Syngas via a Novel Energy Conserving Route in Engineered Acetogenic Bacteria. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1599328.

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Tschaplinski, Timothy J., Payal Charania, Nancy L. Engle, Richard J. Giannone, Robert {Bob} L. Hettich, Dawn Marie Klingeman, Suresh Poudel et al. DEVELOPMENT OF A SUSTAINABLE GREEN CHEMISTRY PLATFORM FOR PRODUCTION OF ACETONE AND DOWNSTREAM DROP-IN FUEL AND COMMODITY PRODUCTS DIRECTLY FROM BIOMASS SYNGAS VIA A NOVEL ENERGY CONSERVING ROUTE IN ENGINEERED ACETOGENIC BACTERIA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julio de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1543199.

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Brett, Christopher y Richard Hartshorn. FACS in the 21st century. AsiaChem Magazine, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00003.

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It is a great pleasure, on behalf of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, for us to greet the members of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies, and to write this Foreword to the inaugural issue of AsiaChem, the new magazine of the FACS.

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