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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Heavy crude oil"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 5 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Heavy crude oil"

Carrillo, Jesús Alirio y Laura Milena Corredor. "Heavy Crude Oil Upgrading: Jazmin Crude". Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 03, n.º 04 (2013): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aces.2013.34a1007.

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Weissman, Jeffrey G. y Richard V. Kessler. "Downhole heavy crude oil hydroprocessing". Applied Catalysis A: General 140, n.º 1 (junio de 1996): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(96)00003-8.

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Al-Sayegh, Abdullah, Yahya Al-Wahaibi, Sanket Joshi, Saif Al-Bahry, Abdulkadir Elshafie y Ali Al-Bemani. "Bioremediation of Heavy Crude Oil Contamination". Open Biotechnology Journal 10, n.º 1 (11 de noviembre de 2016): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701610010301.

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Crude oil contamination is one of the major environmental concerns and it has drawn interest from researchers and industries. Heavy oils contain 24-64% saturates and aromatics, 14-39% resins and 11-45% asphaltene. Resins and asphaltenes mainly consist of naphthenic aromatic hydrocarbons with alicyclic chains which are the hardest to degrade. Crude oil biodegradation process, with its minimal energy need and environmentally friendly approach, presents an opportunity for bioremediation and as well for enhanced oil recovery to utilize heavy oil resources in an efficient manner. Biodegradation entails crude oil utilization as a carbon source for microorganisms that in turn change the physical properties of heavy crude oil by oxidizing aromatic rings, chelating metals and severing internal bonds/chains between molecules. Biodegradation does not necessarily lower quality of crude oil as there are cases where quality was improved. This paper provides information on heavy crude oil chemistry, bioremediation concept, biodegradation enzymes, cases of Microbial Enhanced heavy crude Oil Recovery (MEOR) and screening criteria towards a better understanding of the biodegradation application. Through the utilization of single microorganisms and consortia, researchers were able to biodegrade single pure hydrocarbon components, transform heavy crude oil fractions to lighter fractions, remove heavy metals and reduce viscosity of crude oil.

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Meyer, Richard F. "Prospects for Heavy Crude Oil Development". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 5, n.º 1 (febrero de 1987): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878700500104.

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The problems of utilizing heavy crude oil and natural bitumens centre on their high viscosity which makes them difficult to produce, store, transport, and refine. These factors are reflected in costs. World reserves are substantial, however, perhaps as much as 7 trillion† barrels estimated to represent 0·9 trillion barrels of recoverable oil. Nearly 2·1 trillion barrels of heavy crude oil, more than 50% of the world's total reserve, are located in Venezuela largely in the Orinoco Oil Belt. About 75% of the natural bitumen, 2·6 trillion barrels, is located in Canada in the Athabasca, Cold Lake, and Peace River areas of Alberta. Most of the estimated undiscovered heavy crude oil in the world, approximately 630 billion barrels, is outside the US and Canada. Data required to determine the cost of finding natural bitumen and heavy oil are roughly the same as for other mineral commodities. Similarly for recovery costs. The variables are so extensive that dollar amounts have little meaning without qualification. Recovery depends on depth below surface. Near-surface deposits are recovered by mechanical mining. Deeper deposits must be won by thermal means. Transportation by pipeline is feasible only if the viscosity is lowered by partial upgrading, heating, or by the use of diluents. Part of the high cost of refining results from the major investment required for the large installations that are needed for economic rates of production.

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Xu, X. R., J. Y. Yang, B. L. Zhang y J. S. Gao. "Demulsification of Extra Heavy Crude Oil". Petroleum Science and Technology 25, n.º 11 (27 de noviembre de 2007): 1375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460600803694.

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Leon, Vladimir y Manoj Kumar. "Biological upgrading of heavy crude oil". Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 10, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2005): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02932281.

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Storm, D. A., R. J. McKeon, H. L. McKinzie y C. L. Redus. "Drag Reduction in Heavy Oil". Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1999): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795973.

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Transporting heavy crude oil by pipeline requires special facilities because the viscosity is so high at normal field temperatures. In some cases the oil is heated with special heaters along the way, while in others the oil may be diluted by as much as 30 percent with kerosene. Commercial drag reducers have not been found to be effective because the single-phase flow is usually laminar to only slightly turbulent. In this work we show the effective viscosity of heavy oils in pipeline flow can be reduced by a factor of 3–4. It is hypothesized that a liquid crystal microstructure can be formed so that thick oil layers slip on thin water layers in the stress field generated by pipeline flow. Experiments in a 1 1/4-in. flow loop with Kern River crude oil and a Venezuela crude oil BCF13 are consistent with this hypothesis. The effect has also been demonstrated under field conditions in a 6-in. flow loop using a mixture of North Sea and Mississippi heavy crude oils containing 10 percent brine.

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Friisø, Trond, Yannick Schildberg, Odile Rambeau, Tore Tjomsland, Harald Førdedal y Johan Sjøblom. "COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY OF CRUDE OILS AND SOLUTIONS OF HEAVY CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS". Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 19, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 93–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932699808913163.

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Jing, Jiaqiang, Jiatong Tan, Haili Hu, Jie Sun y Peiyu Jing. "Rheological and Emulsification Behavior of Xinjiang Heavy Oil and Model Oils". Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 9, n.º 1 (9 de agosto de 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01609010001.

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Transparent model oils are commonly used to study the flow patterns and pressure gradient of crude oil-water flow in gathering pipes. However, there are many differences between the model oil and crude oils. The existing literatures focus on the flow pattern transition and pressure gradient calculation of model oils. This paper compares two most commonly used model oils (white mineral oil and silicon oil) with Xinjiang crude oil from the perspectives of rheological properties, oil-water interfacial tensions, emulsion photomicrographs and demulsification process. It indicates that both the white mineral oil and the crude oils are pseudo plastic fluids, while silicon oil is Newtonian fluid. The viscosity-temperature relationship of white mineral oil is similar to that of the diluted crude oil, while the silicon oil presents a less viscosity gradient with the increasing temperature. The oil-water interfacial tension can be used to evaluate the oil dispersing ability in the water phase, but not to evaluate the emulsion stability. According to the Turbiscan lab and the stability test, the model oil emulsion is less stable than that of crude oil, and easier to present water separation.

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Bybee, Karen. "Heavy-Crude-Oil Upgrading With Transition Metals". Journal of Petroleum Technology 59, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2007): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1207-0049-jpt.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Heavy crude oil"

Lopez, Yadira. "Integrated processing for heavy crude oil". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/integrated-processing-for-heavy-crude-oil(ec191370-cb4a-417f-995e-33f9ff053c1d).html.

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Energy based on non-renewable resources such as gas, oil, coal and nuclear fission, even with their serious problems of pollution, contributes to 86% of the global energy consumption. Oil will remain the dominant transport fuel: about 87% of transport fuel in 2030 will still be petroleum-based. Discoveries of conventional sources of light easy-to-access crude oil are becoming less common and current oil production levels are struggling to match demand, it is necessary to develop new non-conventional sources of oil in order to supplement conventional oil supply, whose demand is increasing continuously. A possible clue to solve this situation could be to take advantage of the extensive reserves of heavy crude oils existing in different places around the world, which could be an excellent source of more valuable hydrocarbons. In this context, some facilities called upgraders are used to process theses heavy crude oils to both increase the hydrogen-carbon ratio and improve their quality, reducing their density and decreasing their viscosity, sulphur, nitrogen and metals. The main objective in this work is to study the heavy crude oil upgrading processes in order to identify new operation schemes which explore different opportunities of integration between the upgraders and other processes or new schemes for upgraders that can sustain on its own through the production of a wide range of products. Each design alternative has been modelled with state-of-the-art commercial software packages. The crude oil dilution process was evaluated using naphtha and a light crude oil as diluents. Sensitivity analyses were done with the purpose of selecting the type and flow rate of diluent. Once the best diluent was selected, the integration of an upgrader to a refinery was studied. Heavy ends from both the upgrader and the refinery were taken as feedstocks to an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). The best operation schemes for IGCC, in order to achieve the requirements of power and hydrogen for the upgrader and the refinery was determined. Different schemes for heavy crude oil processing to produce transportation fuel instead of syncrude were proposed, too. Finally, economic evaluation of all the schemes was performed to find the best solution for heavy crude oils. The best results for the dilution process of heavy crude oils were obtained when naphtha was used as diluent. The configuration proposed for the upgrader allows producing a synthetic crude oil with 35.5 °API. The integration of the upgrader to a refinery allows the treatment of the heavy streams of the refinery and transforms them into products of higher qualities. The integration of the IGCC to the upgrader and the refinery permits a complete elimination of the heavy residues produced in these units and produces hydrogen and power to be used in the site or to export. Economic evaluation shows that all the proposed processing schemes studied are economically attractive. The proposed processing schemes chosen include the integration between upgrader refinery and IGCC unit with CCS.

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Hascakir, Berna. "Investigation Of Productivity Of Heavy Oil Carbonate Reservoirs And Oil Shales Using Electrical Heating Methods". Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609804/index.pdf.

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The recovery characteristics of Bolu-Himmetoglu, Bolu-Hatildag, Kü
tahya- Seyitö
mer, and Nigde-Ulukisla oil shale samples and Bati Raman, Ç
amurlu, and Garzan crude oil samples were tested experimentally using retort and microwave heating techniques. Many parameters like heating time, porosity, water saturation were studied. To enhance the efficiency of the processes three different iron powders (i.e.
Fe, Fe2O3, and FeCl3) were added to the samples and the doses of the iron powders were optimized. While crude oil viscosities were measured to explain the fluid rheologies, since it is impossible to measure the shale oil viscosity at the laboratory conditions due to its very high viscosity, shale oil viscosities were obtained numerically by using the electrical heating option of a reservoir simulator (CMG, STARS 2007) by matching between the laboratory and numerical oil production and temperature distribution results. Then the field scale simulations for retorting of oil shale and crude oil fields were conducted. Since the microwave heating cannot be simulated by CMG, STARS, microwave heating was modeled analytically. In order to explain the feasibility of heating processes, an economic evaluation was carried out. The experimental, numerical, and analytical results show that field scale oil recovery from oil shales and heavy crude oils by electrical and electromagnetic heating could be economically viable. While microwave heating is advantageous from an operational point of view, retorting is advantageous if the technically feasibility of the study is considered.

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Guerra, André. "Modeling Mild Thermal Cracking of Heavy Crude Oil and Bitumen with VLE Calculations". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38003.

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The current shortage of crude oil from conventional sources has increased interest in developing unconventional resources such as oil sands. Heavy crudes and bitumen are found in Northern Alberta and their exploration, processing, and transport to market pose challenges in the use of these resources. Part of the solution to these challenges involves the reactive thermal processing of heavy crudes and bitumen. This thesis focused on mild thermal cracking reactions, and two studies regarding these reactions were presented. The first was an experimental study performed in a pilot-scale semi-batch reactor. The three crude oils were heated to 350, 400, 425, and 450°C at 1240 kPa. A five-lump reaction model combined with a process simulator with VLE calculations was fitted with the experimental data obtained. The goodness of fit between the model predicted values and experimental values for the Hardisty (MBL), Albian Heavy Synthetic (AHS), and Christina Lake Dilute Bitumen (CDB) were determined to be 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively. Moreover, 80, 85, and 89% of the optimized model’s predicted values had less than 10% error for MBL, AHS, and CDB, respectively. The second study described the implementation of a mild thermal cracking reaction model to the development of a train car fire-model for the assessment of safety aspects in the design of train cars used to transport crude oil. Case studies were conducted using the UniSim® depressuring utility and a previously developed mild thermal cracking reaction model to demonstrate the effect of compositional change. Three crude oils with varying properties and representative of the types of crudes transported by rail in Canada were used here: MBL, AHS, and CDB. The case studies conducted showed the performance of a train car fire-model to be dependent on the crude oil characteristics: up to -57% and -99% difference in model predicted variables for AHS and CDB, respectively, when compared to MBL. Furthermore, the model’s performance was also shown to be affected by the compositional change of a given crude oil due to mild thermal cracking reactions: up to 42% difference in model predicted variables when compared to the base case.

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Abdullayev, Azer. "Effects of petroleum distillate on viscosity, density and surface tension of intermediate and heavy crude oils". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1951.

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Pinzón-Espinosa, Angela. "Unravelling the chemistry behind the toxicity of oil refining effluents : from characterisation to treatment". Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17456.

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Adequate wastewater management is a crucial element to achieve water sustainability in the petroleum refining sector, as their operations produce vast quantities of wastewater with potentially harmful contaminants. Treatment technologies are therefore pivotal for stopping these chemicals from entering the environment and protecting receiving environments. However, refining effluents are still linked to serious pollution problems, partly because little progress has been made in determining the causative agents of the observed biological effects, resulting in non-targeted treatment. Here it is shown that naphthenic acids, which have been reported as toxic and recalcitrant, are important components of refining wastewater resulting from the processing of heavy crude oil and that they have a significant contribution to the toxic effects exerted by these effluents. Furthermore, it was found that their chemical stability makes them highly resistant to remediation using Pseudomonas putida and H2O2/Fe-TAML (TetraAmido Macrocyclic Ligands) systems under laboratory conditions, and only sequential aliquots of Fe-TAML catalysts and H2O2 showed to partially degrade naphthenic acids (50 mg/L) within 72 hours. Results suggest that a combinatorial approach of Fe-TAML/H2O2 followed by biodegradation might improve current treatment options, but further optimisation is required for the biological treatment. These results can serve as a starting point for better environmental regulations relevant to oil refining wastewater resulting from heavy crude oil, as naphthenic acids are not currently considered in the effluent guidelines for the refining sector. Furthermore, the degradation of naphthenic acids under mild conditions using Fe-TAML/H2O2 systems indicates that these catalysts hold promise for the remediation of refining wastewater in real-life scenarios.

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Tavakkoli, Osgouei Yashar. "An Experimental Study On Steam Distillation Of Heavy Oils During Thermal Recovery". Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615574/index.pdf.

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Thermal recovery methods are frequently used to enhance the production of heavy crude oils. Steam-based processes are the most economically popular and effective methods for heavy oil recovery for several decades. In general, there are various mechanisms over steam injection to enhance and have additional oil recovery. However, among these mechanisms, steam distillation plays pivotal role in the recovery of crude oil during thermal recovery process. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the role of various minerals present in both sandstone and carbonate formations as well as the effect of steam temperature on steam distillation process. Two different types of dead-heavy crude oils were tested in a batch autoclave reactor with 30 % water and the content of the reactor (crude oil, 10 % rock and mineral). The results were compared as the changes in the density, viscosity and chemical composition (SARA and TPH analyses) of heavy crude oil. Five different mineral types (bentonite, sepiolite, kaolinite, illite and zeolite) were added into the original crude oil and reservoir rocks to observe their effects on the rheological and compositional changes during steam distillation process. Analysis of the results of experiments with Camurlu and Bati Raman heavy crude oils in the presence of different minerals such as Bentonite, Zeolite, Illite, Sepiolite, and Kaolinite in both sandstone and limestone reservoir rocks indicate that steam distillation produces light end condensates which can be considered as solvent or condensate bank during steam flooding operation. It was also illustrated that minerals in reservoir formations perform the function of producing distilled light oil compounds, resulting in enhancement of heavy crude oils recovery in steam flooding. Measurements showed that the remaining oil after steam distillation has higher viscosity and density. On the other hand, the effect of steam distillation is more pronounced in limestone reservoirs compared to sandstone reservoirs for the given heavy crude oil and steam temperature. Among the five different minerals tested, kaolinite found to be the most effective mineral in terms of steam distillation.

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Andreikėnaitė, Laura. "Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of contaminants discharged from the oil platforms in fish and mussels". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101102_153642-57785.

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Aquatic ecosystems are still being polluted with crude oil and other technogenic contaminants. In order to evaluate genotoxic and cytotoxic impact of this pollutants, micronucleus test and analysis of the other nuclear abnormalities is rather frequently being used. The main objective of the study is assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects in different fish and bivalves exposed to the crude oil and other technogenic contaminants discharged from the several oil platforms (Statfjord B, Oseberg C, Minija). Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in cells of mussels and fish caged in different oil platforms (Ekofisk, Statfjord B) field zones in situ. The study results provide new information about environmental geno-cytotoxicity in oil platforms field zones. The peculiarities of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in fish and mussels after experimental treatment with crude oil from the North Sea oil platforms and Minija well in Lithuania and other technogenic contaminants (produced water, mixtures of PAHs, alkylphenols and heavy metals) were assessed. There were determined time-tissue-species-concentration-related relationships in induction of nuclear abnormalities in studied fish and mussels. The study results revealed usefulness of genotoxicity endpoints, as well as cytotoxicity endpoints for the evaluation of damage, caused by the contamination discharged from the marine oil... [to full text]
Į vandens ekosistemas patenka dideli kiekiai žaliavinės naftos bei naftos išgavimo technologinių procesų metu susidarančių teršalų. Šiame darbe analizuotas Šiaurės jūroje veikiančių naftos platformų (Statfjord B, Oseberg C), Barenco jūroje išgaunamos arktinės bei Lietuvoje esančio Minijos naftos gręžinio žaliavinės naftos, taip pat skirtingų gamybinių vandenų atskiedimų, įvairių poliaromatinių angliavandenilių ir alkilfenolių bei sunkiųjų metalų mišinių genotoksinis (pagal mikrobranduolių ir branduolio pumpurų dažnius) bei citotoksinis (pagal fragmentuotų-apoptozinių ir dvibranduolių ląstelių dažnius) poveikis skirtingų rūšių moliuskų ir žuvų ląstelėse. Taikant aktyvaus monitoringo metodą nustatytas Statfjord B ir Ekofisk naftos platformų aplinkos genotoksiškumas ir citotoksiškumas in situ. Šio darbo tyrimų rezultatai suteikė naujos informacijos apie naftos platformų aplinkos geno-citotoksiškumą, taip pat skirtingose platformose išgaunamos žaliavinės naftos, gamybinių vandenų, įvairių alkilfenolių, sunkiųjų metalų mišinių geno-citotoksinį poveikį vandens organizmams. Atlikti tyrimai leido įvertinti genotoksiškumo ir citotoksiškumo dėsningumus skirtingose organizmų grupėse ir jų audiniuose. Eksperimentų metu nustatyta skirtingų žaliavinės naftos, alkilfenolių, sunkiųjų metalų mišinių skirtingų koncentracijų, ekspozijos laiko bei geno-citotoksiškumo indukcijos priklausomybė. Darbe aprašyti metodai gali būti sėkmingai naudojami monitoringe kaip ankstyvieji biožymenys įvairių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Molnárné, Guricza Lilla [Verfasser] y Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Schrader. "Comprehensive characterization of chemical structures in heavy crude oil asphaltenes by using liquid chromatography and ultrahigh resolution mass-spectrometry / Lilla Molnárné Guricza ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Schrader". Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130587029/34.

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Karcher, Viviane. "Determinação da energia interfacial de emulsões de agua em oleo pesado". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265665.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karcher_Viviane_M.pdf: 1731022 bytes, checksum: 355de3e34591ff15d14ab367330328f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Durante a produção de petróleo, é comum o aparecimento de água sob a forma de gotas finamente dispersas no óleo. A água pode ser oriunda de métodos de recuperação avançada e/ou do próprio reservatório (água conata). O cisalhamento turbulento produzido durante o escoamento destes fluidos através de dutos ou dispositivos, como bombas, ou até mesmo no reservatório, pode causar a formação de emulsões de água em óleo (A/O). Para os óleos pesados,estas emulsões permanecem estáveis por um período longo devido à presença de agentes emulsificantes naturais no petróleo cru. Por essa razão, a separação dessas emulsões necessita de equipamentos específicos, o que contribui para o aumento do custo do processo. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar as propriedades interfaciais de emulsões A/O compostas por água e petróleo pesado brasileiro. Para tanto, um aparato experimental foi construído com o objetivo de calcular a energia interfacial dessas emulsões. As emulsões A/O foram geradas através de um aparelho homogeneizador rotativo imerso em um vaso calorimétrico. Dois métodos foram empregados: o método calorimétrico, baseado no balanço de energia da emulsificação, e o método padrão, baseado na medida do tamanho e distribuição das gotas através da técnica de microscopia óptica. As incertezas nas medidas experimentais, em ambos os métodos, foram estudadas a fim de avaliar a viabilidade de cada um. Como principais resultados deste estudo, as magnitudes relativas dos termos do balanço de energia durante a emulsificação foram obtidas. O comportamento reológico destas emulsões também foi estudado.
Abstract: In petroleum production operations, water is commonly present within the oil phase as a finely dispersed phase. This situation originates from enhanced oil recovery methods and/or the presence of connate water inside the own reservoir. The turbulent shear associated with fluid flow during of heavy crude transportation through pipelines may cause the formation of water-in-oil emulsions (W/O). These remain stable for a long time, due the presence of naturally emulsifying agents in the crude oil phase. Therefore, emulsion separation requires specific equipments which contribute to increase the processes costs. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the interfacial properties of W/O emulsions composed by water and a Brazilian heavy crude oil. For that purpose an experimental set-up was built in order to measure the interfacial energy of the emulsions. The W/O emulsions were prepared in a calorimeter vessel by using a rotating impeller. Two methods were used, namely, the calorimetric method based on the energy balance for the emulsification and the standard method of the droplet size and distribution by means of a digital microscope. The uncertainty in experimental measurements was determined for both methods, in order to evaluate their feasibility. The main result of this research is the determination of the relative magnitudes of the different terms in the energy balance during emulsification. Results for the rheological behavior of W/O emulsions are also reported.
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

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Andreikėnaitė, Laura. "Naftos platformų taršos genotoksinio ir citotoksinio poveikio įvertinimas žuvų ir moliuskų ląstelėse". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101102_153656-69839.

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Į vandens ekosistemas patenka dideli kiekiai žaliavinės naftos bei naftos išgavimo technologinių procesų metu susidarančių teršalų. Šiame darbe analizuotas Šiaurės jūroje veikiančių naftos platformų (Statfjord B, Oseberg C), Barenco jūroje išgaunamos arktinės bei Lietuvoje esančio Minijos naftos gręžinio žaliavinės naftos, taip pat skirtingų gamybinių vandenų atskiedimų, įvairių poliaromatinių angliavandenilių ir alkilfenolių bei sunkiųjų metalų mišinių genotoksinis (pagal mikrobranduolių ir branduolio pumpurų dažnius) bei citotoksinis (pagal fragmentuotų-apoptozinių ir dvibranduolių ląstelių dažnius) poveikis skirtingų rūšių moliuskų ir žuvų ląstelėse. Taikant aktyvaus monitoringo metodą nustatytas Statfjord B ir Ekofisk naftos platformų aplinkos genotoksiškumas ir citotoksiškumas in situ. Šio darbo tyrimų rezultatai suteikė naujos informacijos apie naftos platformų aplinkos geno-citotoksiškumą, taip pat skirtingose platformose išgaunamos žaliavinės naftos, gamybinių vandenų, įvairių alkilfenolių, sunkiųjų metalų mišinių geno-citotoksinį poveikį vandens organizmams. Atlikti tyrimai leido įvertinti genotoksiškumo ir citotoksiškumo dėsningumus skirtingose organizmų grupėse ir jų audiniuose. Eksperimentų metu nustatyta skirtingų žaliavinės naftos, alkilfenolių, sunkiųjų metalų mišinių skirtingų koncentracijų, ekspozijos laiko bei geno-citotoksiškumo indukcijos priklausomybė. Darbe aprašyti metodai gali būti sėkmingai naudojami monitoringe kaip ankstyvieji biožymenys įvairių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Aquatic ecosystems are still being polluted with crude oil and other technogenic contaminants. In order to evaluate genotoxic and cytotoxic impact of this pollutants, micronucleus test and analysis of the other nuclear abnormalities is rather frequently being used. The main objective of the study is assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects in different fish and bivalves exposed to the crude oil and other technogenic contaminants discharged from the several oil platforms (Statfjord B, Oseberg C, Minija). Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in cells of mussels and fish caged in different oil platforms (Ekofisk, Statfjord B) field zones in situ. The study results provide new information about environmental geno-cytotoxicity in oil platforms field zones. The peculiarities of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in fish and mussels after experimental treatment with crude oil from the North Sea oil platforms and Minija well in Lithuania and other technogenic contaminants (produced water, mixtures of PAHs, alkylphenols and heavy metals) were assessed. There were determined time-tissue-species-concentration-related relationships in induction of nuclear abnormalities in studied fish and mussels. The study results revealed usefulness of genotoxicity endpoints, as well as cytotoxicity endpoints for the evaluation of damage, caused by the contamination discharged from the marine oil... [to full text]

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Libros sobre el tema "Heavy crude oil"

Jharap, S. E. The production of heavy crude oil reduces fuel oil imports in Suriname. Paramaribo, Suriname: State Oil Co. Suriname, 1985.

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International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands (5th 1991 Caracas, Venezuela). Heavy crude and Tar Sands--hydrocarbons for the 21st century: 5th UNITAR International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, August 4-9, 1991, Caracas Venezuela : technical reports. Editado por Meyer R. F. 1921-, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. y United Nations Institute for Training and Research/United Nations Development Programme Information Centre for Heavy Crude and Tar Sands. Caracas, Venezuela: Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A., 1991.

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International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands. (1988 Edmonton, Alta.). The fourth UNITAR/UNDP International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands: Proceedings. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority, 1989.

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International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands (4th 1988 Edmonton, Alta.). Preprints, 4th International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, August 7-12, 1988, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [S.l: s.n., 1988.

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Lee, Sum Chi. The long-term weathering of heavy crude oils. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Ovalles, Cesar. Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315181028.

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Okandan, E. Heavy Crude Oil Recovery. Springer, 2011.

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Heavy Crude Oil Recovery. Springer, 2011.

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1921-, Meyer R. F., American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Research Committee. y United Nations Institute for Training and Research/United Nations Development Programme Information Centre for Heavy Crude and Tar Sands., eds. Exploration for heavy crude oil and natural bitumen: Research conference. Tulsa, Okla., U.S.A: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1987.

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Institute, Canadian Energy Research, ed. Canadian and U.S. heavy crude oil markets: A review and prospects. Calgary, Alta: Canadian Energy Research Institute, 1985.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Heavy crude oil"

Speight, James G. "Natural Gas, Crude Oil, Heavy Crude Oil, Extra-Heavy Crude Oil, and Tar Sand Bitumen". En Refinery Feedstocks, 3–35. 1. | Boca Raton : Taylor and Francis, 2020. |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429398285-2.

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Ovalles, Cesar. "Heavy Oil Reservoirs and Crude Oil Characterization". En Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen, 19–47. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315181028-2.

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Ovalles, Cesar. "Fundamentals of Heavy Oil Upgrading". En Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen, 71–109. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315181028-4.

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Jadhav, Rohan M. y Jitendra S. Sangwai. "Interaction of Heavy Crude Oil and Nanoparticles for Heavy Oil Upgrading". En Nanotechnology for Energy and Environmental Engineering, 231–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33774-2_10.

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Ovalles, Cesar. "Fundamentals of Heavy Oil Recovery and Production". En Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen, 49–70. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315181028-3.

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Jielong, G. E., Zhang Ye, X. U. Xiaofeng, Shen Zhiang y Zhang Peifang. "ESP Application on Combustion of High-Sulfur Heavy Crude Oil". En Electrostatic Precipitation, 537–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89251-9_108.

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Grosso, Jorge L., Maria I. Briceńo, Jose Paterno y Ignacio Layrisse. "Influence of Crude Oil and Surfactant Concentration on the Rheology and Flowing Properties of Heavy Crude Oil-in-Water Emulsions". En Surfactants in Solution, 1653–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1833-0_41.

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Joshi, Sanket J., Yahya Al-Wahaibi y Saif Al-Bahry. "Biotransformation of Heavy Crude Oil and Biodegradation of Oil Pollution by Arid Zone Bacterial Strains". En Microorganisms for Sustainability, 103–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7462-3_5.

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Islam, M. R. "Potential of Ultrasonic Generators for Use in Oil Wells and Heavy Crude Oil/Bitumen Transportation Facilities". En Asphaltenes, 191–218. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9293-5_7.

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Bordoloi, Sabitry y Budhadev Basumatary. "A Study on Degradation of Heavy Metals in Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Cyperus rotundus". En Phytoremediation, 53–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41811-7_4.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Heavy crude oil"

AlRashoud, Anwar M. "Processing Heavy Crude". En SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/175328-ms.

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Kamel, Abdulrahim, Osamah Alomair y Adel Elsharkawy. "Compositional Based Heavy Oil Viscosity Model for Kuwaiti Heavy Crude Oils". En SPE Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/184140-ms.

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Manuel, Ben, Erik L. Sellman y Terry Murtagh. "Effective Dehydration of Canadian Heavy Crude Oil and DilBit". En SPE Heavy Oil Conference-Canada. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165464-ms.

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Nengkoda, Ardian. "The Role of Crude Oil Shrinkage in Heavy Mix Light Crude in Main Oil Pipeline: Case Study Oman". En SPE Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/148925-ms.

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Gerez, John M. y Archie R. Pick. "Heavy Oil Transportation by Pipeline". En 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1875.

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Resumen

More of the crude oil being produced in the world is heavy oil. It was reported by Meyer and Dietzman (1979) that world annual production of heavy crude oil was about five percent of other oil produced. They forecast that heavy crude oil production would increase. Canadian heavy oil production cumulative to 1979 was reported to be 197 million barrels. By 1996 Canadian daily production levels have risen to the levels shown in Table 1, with annual production of heavy oil and bitumen exceeding cumulative totals produced to 1979.

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Nares, Hector Ruben, Persi Schachat, Marco Antonio Ramirez-Garnica, Maria Cabrera y Luz Noe-Valencia. "Heavy-Crude-Oil Upgrading With Transition Metals". En Latin American & Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/107837-ms.

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Summer, R. J., K. B. Hill y C. A. Shook. "Pipeline Flow Of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions". En Technical Meeting / Petroleum Conference of The South Saskatchewan Section. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/ss-92-1.

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Zerpa, L. B. "Numerical Simulation Of Horizontal Wells In A Heavy Crude Reservoir In Venezuela". En SPE International Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/30282-ms.

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Pietrangeli, Gianna Aimee, Lirio Quintero, Thomas A. Jones y Qusai Darugar. "Treatment of Water in Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions with Innovative Microemulsion Fluids". En SPE Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Conference: Latin America. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/171140-ms.

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Ghasemi, Mohammad, Sayyed Ahmad Alavian y Curtis Hays Whitson. "C7+ Characterization of Heavy Oil Based on Crude Assay Data". En SPE Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/148906-ms.

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Informes sobre el tema "Heavy crude oil"

Lee, S. W. Literature review and consultation on combustion of an extra heavy crude oil for thermal power generation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304613.

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Talbot, A. F., J. R. Swesey y L. G. Magill. Turbine Fuels from Tar Sands Bitumen and Heavy Oil. Volume 2. Phase 3. Process Design Specifications for a Turbine Fuel Refinery Charging San Ardo Heavy Crude Oil. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, septiembre de 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190120.

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Reynolds, John G. y Robert H. Paul. Removal of Nickel and Vanadium from heavy Crude Oils by Ligand Exchange Reactions: Final Report CRADA No. TC-0400-92. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octubre de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1410089.

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