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Zeilmann, Patricia Pereira. "Avaliação do musculo temporal por meio de ressonancia magnetica nuclear". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288829.
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Orientadores: Fausto Berzin, Eduardo GrossmannDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O presente trabalho empregou o exame de ressonância magnética nuclear do músculo temporal para verificar se existia, ou não, diferenças quanto ao gênero e lado bem como na tentativa de diferenciá-lo de um músculo denominado esfenomandibular. Foram avaliados 20 voluntários, 10 do gênero feminino e 10 do masculino, assintomáticos para cefaléia, disfunção temporomandibular, parafunção oclusal, dor articular e/ou muscular durante atividades funcionais e/ou dor muscular ao acordar, com idades entre 18 e 46 anos. Os voluntários foram submetidos a uma anamnese, a um exame clínico da cavidade bucal, das articulações temporomandibulares, dos músculos da região e dos nervos cranianos, seguido de um exame de ressonância magnética nuclear. As imagens foram realizadas em cortes sagitais, coronais e axiais. Os dados obtidos foram registrados em uma ficha clínica. Posteriormente foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados. O músculo temporal apresentou duas partes distintas, uma profunda e outra superficial, sendo que a profunda mostrou-se sempre maior. O volume do músculo esquerdo apresentou-se maior que o direito e a profundidade do direito apresentou-se maior que a do esquerdo, ambos independentes do gênero. No masculino observou-se que tal músculo apresentava maior volume e profundidade que o feminino. Dentro das condições desse estudo, concluiu-se que o exame de ressonância magnética nuclear possibilitou identificar a região estudada como sendo músculo temporal e não músculo esfenomandibular
Abstract: This study used the nuclear magnetic resonance of the temporalis muscle to check if there was or not gender and side differences and in an attempt to differentiate it from a muscle called sphenomandibularis. We evaluated 20 volunteers, 10 females and 10 males, with no symptoms of headache, temporomandibular disorders, occlusal parafunction, joint pain and / or muscle during functional activities and / or muscle pain on waking, aged between 18 and 46 years. The volunteers underwent a medical history, a clinical examination of the buccal cavity, temporomandibular joints, muscles of the region and the cranial nerves, followed by an examination of nuclear magnetic resonance. The images were taken in sagittal, coronal and axial slices. The data were recorded in a clinical record. It was later performed a descriptive analysis of data. The temporalis muscle had two distinct parts, one deep and one superficial and the deep was always greatest. The volume of muscle left was larger than the right and the depth of the right was higher than the left, both independent of gender. In male was observed that this muscle has greater volume and depth than females. Under the conditions of this study, it was concluded that the examination of nuclear magnetic resonance enabled identified this region as being the temporalis muscle and not sphenomandibularis muscle
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Baptista, Fabrício Quintanilha [UNESP]. "Integração de modelos virtuais tridimensionais com o ambiente de ensino e aprendizagem Moodle para o ensino da anatomia humana". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151410.
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O estudo da anatomia e das estruturas do corpo humano é de fundamental importância para a educação médica, embora o ambiente real em que se vive e trabalha seja tridimensional, a maioria das formas de ensino da anatomia humana ainda são oferecidas aos alunos por meio de ambientes 2D, como livros e apresentação de slides, ou então por meio de modelos sintéticos e da dissecção cadavérica, técnicas que apresentam uma série de problemas como custo elevado e limitação de acesso aos modelos sintéticos, ou ainda questões éticas e religiosas na manipulação de cadáveres. Nos últimos anos os métodos de ensino da anatomia humana evoluíram muito, com o surgimento de diversos sistemas computacionais que foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo específico de auxiliar o ensino/aprendizagem da anatomia humana. E essas soluções apresentam as mais variadas técnicas para alcançar esse objetivo, como visualização 3D e interação com modelos virtuais tridimensionais. Esses sistemas tem se mostrado ótimos recursos para auxiliar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem da anatomia humana, porém o ideal é que a ferramenta seja sustentada por algum sistema de gerenciamento de aprendizagem para que ofereça real suporte pedagógico ao professor e ao aluno. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução que auxilia o ensino da anatomia humana integrando modelos virtuais 3D e conteúdos complementares relacionados a esses modelos a uma plataforma de gerenciamento de ensino e aprendizagem.
The study of anatomy and the human body structure is very important for medical education, although the real environment in which one lives and works is three dimensional, most forms of human anatomy teaching are offered to students through 2D environments such as books and slides presentation, or through synthetic models and cadaveric dissection techniques, they present a series of problems such as high cost and limited access to synthetic models, or ethical and religious issues in handling corpses. In recent years the teaching methods of human anatomy evolved also, with the emergence of many computer systems that were developed with specific purpose of assisting the teaching/learning of the human anatomy. These solutions feature the most varied techniques to achieve this goal, as 3D visualization and interaction with three-dimensional virtual models. These systems have shown great features to help the teaching and learning process of the human anatomy, but the ideal is that the tool is supported by a learning management system to provide real educational support teacher and the student. This work presents a solution that helps the teaching of the human anatomy integrating 3D virtual models and complementary contents related to these models to a teaching and learning management platform.
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Botha, Janes. "Anatomy 101 : a Human Anatomy Centre at the Tshwane District Hospital". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30017.
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Interior design has a social responsibility. To facilitate the way in which buildings change, thereby allowing the user to retain interest and awareness of buildings. The sensitivity of built fabric with historical value combined with the symbolic nature of institutional buildings justify the need to reinterpret architecture in order to retain its value to future generations. It is the aim of this dissertation to investigate the interior designer’s role in altering built fabric by reinterpreting the existing design language. A new perspective should evolve from a well informed understanding of the elements present on site and provide a new strategy by reacting to it. The selected project is a Human Anatomy Centre at the Tshwane District hospital that should provide both the academic and non-academic user with the opportunity to reinterpret their understanding of the human body.Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Liu, Yanling. "Virtual human anatomy and surgery system". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3399.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 126. Thesis director: Jim X. Chen. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 17, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-125). Also issued in print.
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Nobles, Mia S. "Nobles-Pecora dissection manual of human anatomy". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10134002.
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This manual was written specifically as a guide for the beginner dissector to complete a prosected cadaver that will serve as an effective teaching and learning tool. The dissections are written in a manner that facilitates the preservation of more superfi- cial structures on the right side of the cadaver and deeper structures that otherwise would have been concealed on the left side of the cadaver. This format is ideal for students learning anatomy for the first time, as multiple planes can be compared on the same cadaver. The level of structures dissected and identified in these chapters was established with the understanding that the dissector’s knowledge of human anatomy is at the level of completion of a general undergraduate anatomy survey course.
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Jones, Ross Alexander. "Comparative anatomy of the human neuromuscular junction". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29629.
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The neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse formed between lower motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibre, is known to be a target in a number of neurodegenerative conditions, including motor neuron disease (MND). Located in an accessible part of the peripheral nervous system, the NMJ can be used as a ‘model synapse’ in the context of ‘connectomics’ – the study of synaptic connectivity throughout the nervous system as a whole. Although the NMJ has been studied in a number of species, relatively little is known about its structure in humans, complicating the translation of animal models of disease to the human condition. Described here is the first detailed cellular and molecular characterization of the human NMJ. A standardized methodology for comparative morphometric analysis of NMJs was developed and validated (‘NMJ-morph’). NMJ-morph was used to generate baseline data for 2160 NMJs from a single litter of wild type mice, representing 9 distinct muscles across 3 body regions. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed synaptic size and fragmentation to be the key determinants of synaptic variability. Correlation data revealed the pre-synaptic cell (motor neuron) to be a stronger predictor of synaptic morphology than the post-synaptic cell (muscle fibre). Other factors influencing synaptic variability were in a clear hierarchy: muscle identity accounted for more variation in synaptic form than animal identity, with side having no effect. Human tissue was obtained from 20 patients (aged 34 to 92 years) undergoing lower limb amputation, primarily for the complications of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Muscle samples were harvested from non-pathological regions of the surgical discard tissue. 2860 human NMJs were analyzed from 4 distinct muscles (extensor digitorum longus, soleus, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis), and compared with equivalent NMJs from wild type mice. Human NMJs displayed unique morphological characteristics, including small size, thin axons, rudimentary nerve terminals and distinctive ‘nummular’ endplates, all of which distinguished them from equivalent mouse NMJs. The previous notion of partial occupancy in human NMJs was disproved. As in mice, the pre-synaptic cell was shown to correlate more strongly with NMJ morphology; in contrast to mice, the human NMJ was found to be relatively stable throughout its 90+ year lifespan. In support of the tissue harvesting procedure, patient co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus and vascular disease) did not significantly impact NMJ morphology. Super-resolution imaging of the NMJ revealed significant differences in the functional architecture of human and mouse active zones. Despite the smaller synaptic size in humans, the total quantity of active zone material was conserved between the species, suggesting a homeostatic mechanism to preserve effective neurotransmission. Parallel proteomic profiling demonstrated further species-specific differences in the broader molecular composition of the NMJ. The cellular and molecular anatomy of the human NMJ is fundamentally different to that of other mammalian species. These differences must be taken into account when translating animal models of disease to the human condition.
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Thiranagama, R. "Comparative anatomy of the forelimb veins in humans and non-human primates". Thesis, Online version, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.383521.
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Dobbs, Mia Summer. "Innovative Instruction| Learning in Blended Human Anatomy Education". Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13858536.
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Despite the robust literature surrounding the benefits of blended learning including improved student learning and positive student perceptions of learning (Bishop & Verleger, 2013; O’Flaherty & Phillips, 2015), simply rearranging the structure of activities or incorporating technology does not ensure a more meaningful learning experience (Duffy & McDonald, 2008; Gopal et al., 2010; Lim & Morris, 2009; Mitchell & Honore, 2007; Okojie, Olinzock, & Boulder, 2006). There exists a danger of educators attempting the transition to blended learning without thoroughly understanding how it works (Ash, 2012). Considering the definition of blended learning as “the organic integration of thoughtfully selected and complementary F2F and online approaches and technologies” (Garrison & Vaughan, 2008, p. 148), achieving meaningful learning in the blended classroom requires intentional design, mindful collaboration, and complete integration between the F2F experience and asynchronous online technology. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how anatomy faculty create meaningful learning spaces within their blended anatomy course. By conducting formal research that is focused on understanding the experiences of anatomy faculty in their blended learning course through the theoretical framework of community of inquiry, collaborative learning, and discovery learning, this study informs current and future undergraduate anatomy education by providing insight into how learning happens within this space.
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Schulz, Leslie. "Anatomy and Physiology Syllabus for Community Colleges". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2500/.
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This syllabus includes both lecture notes and laboratory activities for a two-semester anatomy and physiology community college course. The syllabus is based on a 16-week semester that is comprised of a three-hour lecture section and a one-hour laboratory class each week. Both the lecture course and laboratory are necessary to fulfill the requirement for anatomy and physiology. Laboratory activities coincide with lectures to enhance understanding of each topic by providing visual and hands-on experiments for the concepts learned in the lecture. Laboratory quizzes will be given each week to help students maintain a working knowledge of the material learned in the laboratory. This course is appropriate for the typical anatomy and physiology student and should benefit both students who plan to major in biology and also those who are non-biology majors. Because subject matter in anatomy and physiology is quite difficult, the importance of attendance and good study skills is stressed.
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Huber, Frances E. "Effects of concept mapping on learning anatomy and transfer of anatomy knowledge to kinesiology in health sciences students". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2243.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 220 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-154).
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Clegg, Margaret. "The comparative anatomy and evolution of the human vocal tract". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271140.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Guía de acceso para Visible Body - Human Anatomy Atlas". Wolters Kluwer, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655401.
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Lavriv, L. P. "Anatomy of the parotid gland structure in human fetuses". Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17570.
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Slominski, Tara. "Drawing on Student Knowledge in Human Anatomy and Physiology". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27280.
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Prior to instruction, students may have developed alternative conceptions about the mechanics behind human physiology. To help students re-shape these ideas into correct reasoning, the faulty characteristics reinforcing the alternative conceptions need to made explicit. This study used student-generated drawings to expose alternative conceptions Human Anatomy and Physiology students had prior to instruction on neuron physiology. Specifically, we investigated how students thought about neuron communication across a synapse (n=355) and how neuron activity can be modified (n=311). When asked to depict basic communication between two neurons, at least 80% of students demonstrated incorrect ideas about synaptic transmission. When targeting spatial and temporal summation, only eleven students (3.5%) were able to accurately depict at least one form of summation. In response to both drawing questions, student drawings revealed multiple alternative conceptions that resulted in a deeper analysis and characterization of the wide variation of student ideas.North Dakota State University. Department of Biological Sciences
National Science Foundation (NSF DUE-0833268)
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Guía de acceso para Visible Body : Human Anatomy Atlas". Wolters Kluwer, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655401.
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Hilbelink, Amy JoAnne. "The effectiveness and user perception of 3-dimensional digital human anatomy in an online undergraduate anatomy laboratory". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001876.
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Cook, Andrew Charles. "The anatomy of left heart hypoplasia in the human fetus". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408804.
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Kandikonda, Keerthi. "Using Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality to Teach Human Anatomy". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1302096342.
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Scheepers, Coenraad Frederik. "Anatomy-Based Surface Generation for Articulated Models of Human Figures /". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935125879411.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Guía de aplicación móvil para Visible Body - Human Anatomy Atlas". Wolters Kluwer, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655402.
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Ma, Chi-san Jason. "The mobility of human knee menisci /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14482927.
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Hossler, Fred E. "Ultrastructure Atlas of Human Tissues". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. http://amzn.com/1118284534.
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Presents a variety of scanning and transmission electron microscope images of the major systems of the human body. This book looks at the structure and function of tissues at the subcellular and molecular level, an important perspective in understanding and combating diseases.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1047/thumbnail.jpg
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Hanson, Nardie Kathleen Igraine. "Cognitive and locomotor strategies of arboreal locomotion in non-human apes and humans". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7122/.
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Arboreal travel for large apes is energetically demanding and risky due to the complexity of the forest canopy. Careful selection of supports is therefore essential for safe and efficient locomotion. This thesis investigates the factors involved in route and support selection in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and in modern human (Homo sapiens) tree climbers. Naturalistically housed bonobos were given a choice of two ropes, one that provided easy access and another that required more demanding postures, with which to access a hard-to-reach food goal. The bonobos selected a rope based on its distance from the goal and its flexibility. Decision making in human tree climbers was investigated using a novel combination of qualitative (participant interviews) and quantitative (observations of behaviour) data. Participants were asked to collect goals from within a tree crown three times each. Interviews revealed that participants either considered risk avoidance or ease/efficiency as the main factor influencing their decisions whilst climbing. Those considering risk took longer to complete each climb, but became quicker after their first climb. These studies demonstrate that the demands of the arboreal environment require knowledge of the functional properties of supports and that memory of specific routes may increase the efficiency of arboreal locomotion.
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MacNeil, Jon Bart. "Identification of time-varying human joint dynamics". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59654.
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In order to develop a comprehensive model of the motor control system the time-varying nature of joint dynamics must be addressed. However, it has not previously been possible to quantitatively observe changes in joint dynamics during a transition of state. In this work, a recently developed method for identification of linear time-varying dynamic systems from ensemble data has been used to obtain models of neuromuscular dynamics during a rapid contraction. The method, based on singular value decomposition, provides a series of nonparametric (impulse response function) models of a system's dynamics without a priori knowledge of its dynamic structure or time-variation, thus enabling study of the neuromuscular system during natural activity.Application of this method to simulated and experimental data has shown it to be robust and accurate. Ankle dynamics have been tracked during voluntary isometric contraction of triceps surae, revealing behaviour more complex than second-order, characterized by a decrease in the joint's resistance to low frequency perturbations.
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Lima, Any Kelly Gomes de. "Cláudio Antonio Ferraz de Carvalho: resgate da obra do anatomista funcional da escola de Alfonso Bovero". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-26092016-115145/.
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Cláudio Antonio Ferraz de Carvalho é médico e Doutor pela Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP). Adquiriu seus conhecimentos anatômicos convivendo com Renato Locchi e Odorico Machado de Sousa, consagrados anatomistas e discípulos de Afonso Bovero. Contratado como docente do Departamento de Anatomia da FMUSP foi orientado pelo professor Odorico que, com auxílio financeiro da Fundação Humboldt enviou-o para a realização de um estágio na Alemanha no Instituto Anatômico de Kiel, sob a tutela de Wolfgang Bargmann, discípulo de Alfred Benninghoff, um dos fundadores da Anatomia Funcional da Escola Alemã, quando se especializou na Anatomia Funcional de Conotação Secretória Celular e Subcelular. Em um novo estágio, agora no Instituto de Anatomia da Universidade de Mainz, coordenado por Adolf Dabelow, um discípulo de Alfred Benninghoff, obteve fundamentos sólidos para o desenvolvimento da Anatomia Funcional de Conotação Mecânica. Como resultado dessas experiências desenvolveu diversos trabalhos no âmbito da Anatomia Funcional, tornando-se o principal representante dessa vertente no Brasil, uma ciência de cunho dinâmico, que visa estabelecer a relação entre a estrutura e a sua função sem, contudo, enveredar para o campo da Fisiologia. A apresentação de sua trajetória científica na Universidade de São Paulo serve não somente para reverenciar-lhe o trabalho pioneiro, mas principalmente para infundir naqueles que se dedicam ao estudo da Anatomia, os fundamentos da Anatomia Funcional de conotação mecânica e secretória, como um campo ainda a ser explorado, utilizando-se de metodologias modernas, como por exemplo, a imagiologia e a biologia molecular.Cláudio Antonio Ferraz de Carvalho is M.D and PhD from the Faculty of Medicine of Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), acquired his knowledge of anatomy a close relationship with Renato Locchi and Odorico Machado de Sousa, who were Afonso Boveros devoted disciples. After being hired by FMUSP, he was supervised in his graduate studies by Professor Odorico. Obtain financial assistance from the Humboldt Foundation, this sponsorship allowed him to carry out an internship in Germany at the Anatomical Institute of Kiel, under the tutelage of Wolfgang Bargmann, disciple of Alfred Benninghoffs a founder of Functional Anatomy of the German School, where he specialized in \"Functional Anatomy of cellular and subcellular secretory connotation\". In a new stage, now the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Mainz, coordinated by Adolf Dabelow, a disciple of Benninghoffs, got solid foundation for the development of \"mechanical Functional Anatomy.\" As a result of these experiences and his innate designer skills developed several studies within Functional Anatomy, becoming the main representative of this aspect of Anatomy in our midst, a dynamic nature science, which aims to establish the relationship between structure and their functions without, however, going down to the field of Physiology. The review of his scientific career in Universidade de São Paulo serves not only to honor his pioneering work, but mainly to infuse those who are dedicated to the study of anatomy, the Functional Anatomy of grounds both \"mechanically\" as the \"secretory base\" such as an even field to be explored, using modern technologies, such as imaging and molecular biology.
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Lothe, Abhijit V. "Virtual Cadaver Navigation System: Using Virtual Reality For Learning Human Anatomy". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001288.
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Dickey, James Patrick. "Anatomy and mechanics of the human and porcine lumbar interspinous ligament". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/NQ31923.pdf.
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Ward, Nick. "The functional anatomy of cerebral reorganization in the human sensorimotor system". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405840.
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Functional imaging techniques allow assessment of distributed regional brain activation in humans during the performance of specified tasks. To date, studies of the motor system in previously hemiparetic stroke patients have demonstrated task related brain activation over and above control subjects in a number of brain regions usually only recruited during more complex motor tasks. However, as most of these studies were performed in patients with good recovery, the relationship between these findings and the recovery process remained unclear. The purpose of the experiments in this thesis was to establish whether such a relationship exists by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All experiments employed an isometric dynamic hand grip task (with visual feedback of the force exerted). Hand grip may be usefully performed by stroke patients with poor motor function. In the first experiment, I characterised the normal functional anatomy of hand grip in 26 control subjects. The task activated regions within the recognised motor network, and in a putative human `grasping network', involving rostral ventral premotor cortex (Brodmann area 44) and intraparietal sulcus. I was then able to make comparisons between task-related activations in chronic stroke patients with a wide range of outcomes. By setting the target force as a proportion of each patient's maximum grip strength, I was able to equalise effort exerteda crossp atients. Outcome was assessedu sing nine outcomem easures,a nd a single `relative' score was calculated for each patient using a principal component analysis. This approach revealed that patients with poorer outcome activated a number of brain regions over and above those seen in the normal population. Patients with good outcome were less likely to do so. More formally, there was a negative linear correlation between task related activation in these regions and outcome. In order to observe the evolution of motor activation patterns as a function of recovery, I performed longitudinal studies using the same motor paradigm over the first 8-12 months following stroke. In all patients, there was a negativecorrelation between recovery and task-related recruitment of several brain regions, mainly within the distributed motor system. Furthermore, I was able to demonstrate a negative linear correlation between initial severity (at 10-14 days post stroke) and task related activation in the same regions. These studies demonstrate a clear relationship between the degree of recovery and task related activation (both within and across subjects) in regions such as premotor cortex, supplementary motor areas, posterior parietal cortex and cerebellum, as well as in both ipsilesional and contralesional primary motor cortex (M1). All of these regions are involved in neural circuits with projections to both the motor output part of spinal cord, as well as to M1 itself. The increased activity may represent an alternative but less efficient means of generating motor output. A reduction in activation over time suggests that increasing efficiency in neural pathways and networks in these regions underlies the improvement in performance of a simple motor task, similar to the results of motor learning studies. Lastly, by studying the same motor task across a group of normal subjects with a wide variety of ages, I was able to demonstrate that normal older subjects were also more likely to activate a more widespread motor network, in order to maintain performance. This fording is of significance, when considering that work in animal models suggests that the capacity for adaptive change is finite. There is a need therefore to establish an empirical understanding of how the brain responds to injury in relationship to recovery, and how other parameters,in particular age, have an effect on this response. 4
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St, Aubin Helen. "Implementing a Virtual Reality Paradigm in Human Anatomy/Physiology College Curricula". NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/393.
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Modes of instruction in the college course called Human Anatomy/Physiology are changing. Due to ethical concerns and the ever-increasing source of new physiological data, there is a need for enhancements to assist the instructor and student. The computer science of virtual reality (VR) provides a method to electronically educate, train, prototype, and test and evaluate new enhancements to the college curricula. This study detailed the modeling and simulation of a skeletal human hand with degrees of freedom of movement, which provided the students with a physiological representation of some of the movements of the hand. The primary objectives of the study were to assess the use of the VR simulation by college students and to assess the potential learning outcomes of students in their use of the VR simulation. The simulation was implemented into classes of Human Anatomy/Physiology are as an adjunct enhancement for the students' use. The expectation centered on the constructivist theory that students develop an analytic outlook to the various articulations of the human skeleton. Positive results were shown based on the answers to the questionnaire, summary and post -test taken by the students, after their use of the VR simulation. The results supported the constructivist theory that critical thinking took place. The results showed that the virtual reality simulation enhanced the learning ability of the students. The recommendations of the study include future experimentation to be done on increasing the number of VR simulations, incorporating the VR simulations into undergraduate courses, testing the outcomes, and following the progression of students into graduate programs that are using VR simulations. Faculty and administration are advised to consider implementing the paradigm of VR simulations in undergraduate courses of Human Anatomy/Physiology are.
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Yan, Sheng. "Evaluation of human respiratory muscle fatigue". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41180.
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The first part of my work evaluates bilateral supramaximal transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation as a diagnostic test for respiratory muscle fatigue. I found that twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi,T) was inversely and linearly related to lung volume (V$ sb{ rm L}$) both before and after fatigue. Although fatigue caused significant decrease in Pdi,T amplitude at all V$ sb{ rm L}$, the fractional decrease in Pdi,T was greater at high V$ sb{ rm L}$, indicating the importance of V$ sb{ rm L}$ as an independent variable that needs to be controlled whenever Pdi,T is determined. Twitch mouth pressure (Pm,T) was found to be linearly related to twitch esophageal pressure (Pes,T), to Pdi,T, and to V$ sb{ rm L}$. All these relationships were reproducible. Diaphragmatic fatigue resulted in significant decrease in Pm,T proportional to the decrease in Pdi,T for a given V$ sb{ rm L}$ so that Pm,T-Pes,T and Pm,T-Pdi,T relationships were unchanged. Thus the Pm,T-V$ sb{ rm L}$ relationship can be used to assess diaphragmatic fatigue non-invasively. Paired phrenic nerve shocks which were well tolerated by normal subjects can be used to obtain a measure of the pressure-frequency curves of the diaphragm, which were reproducible. In particular, I showed that the pressure ratio of diaphragmatic twitch elicited by the second shock at 10Hz over that at 100Hz (T2$ sb{10/100}$) is a valuable index of low frequency fatigue.In the second part of my work I studied the effect of respiratory muscle fatigue on ventilatory response to CO$ sb2$ and respiratory muscle recruitment. The data showed that ventilatory response and respiratory muscle recruitment patterns were different in a number of aspects between diaphragmatic fatigue and global inspiratory muscle fatigue. After diaphragmatic fatigue, the only change was an increase in the recruitment of rib cage muscles, which fully compensated for decreased diaphragmatic contractility because all the ventilatory parameters were constant. After global fatigue, both the diaphragm and rib cage muscles contributed less to breathing but expiratory muscles were recruited resulting in a decrease in end-expiratory P$ sb{ rm L}$ and an increased contribution of elastic energy stored within the respiratory system to inspiratory tidal volume generation. In spite of this, rapid shallow breathing developed while minute ventilation remained constant. These data suggest that the ventilatory control system can detect fatigue and has sufficient plasticity to alter inspiratory drive appropriately. The overall ventilation level can thus be maintained.
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Wilson, Samantha Louise. "Optimisation and characterisation of human corneal stromal models". Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/202/.
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The native corneal structure is highly organised and unified in architecture with structural and functional integration which mediates its transparency and mechanical strength. Two of the most demanding challenges in corneal tissue engineering are the replication of the native corneal stromal architecture and the preservation of stromal cell phenotype which prevents scar-like tissue formation. A concerted effort in this thesis has been devoted to the generation of a functional human corneal stromal model by the manipulation of chemical, topographical and cellular cues. To achieve this, previously built non-destructive, online, real-time monitoring techniques, micro-indentation and optical coherence tomography (OCT), which allow for the mechanical and contraction properties of corneal equivalents to be monitored, have been improved. These macroscopic parameters have been cross-validated by histological, imunohistochemical, morphological and genetic expression analysis.
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Lázaro, i. Amorós Alexandre. "Estudi biomecànic i anatomoradiològic comparatiu de dues tècniques diferents de reparació de les lesions del tendó del bíceps distal en la tuberositat bicipital del radi". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663867.
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Aquest estudi intenta determinar les diferencies biomecàniques i anatomoradiològiques entre dues tècniques de reparació del tendó distal del bíceps braquial fetes amb un botó cortical situat una d’elles endomedul·larment i l’altre extracorticalment a la tuberositat del radi.
S’ha desenvolupat un mètode de comparació de les dues tècniques en radis de cadàver criopreservat on prèviament a la realització dels procediment quirúrgics s’han fet les mesures anatòmiques i radiològiques amb una tomografia computeritzada i un programa informàtic per validar les mesures.
Hem trobat diferències biomecàniques estadísticament significatives en els desplaçaments després de càrregues cícliques i en les càrregues de fallada entre les dues tècniques de reparació comparades en la reparació de la ruptura del tendó distal del bíceps.
Quan es va utilitzar la densitat mineral òssia i el gruix cortical per ajustar els resultats biomecànics no es van trobar diferències que poguessin ser considerades biomecànicament significatives entre els dos grups.
Amb els resultats obtinguts per mitjà de la tomografia computeritzada en analitzar les diferents parts de la tuberositat respecte al gruix cortical i la seva densitat mineral òssia el canvi de posició de col·locació de l'implant en la tuberositat radial, representa un avantatge per a prevenir les lesions nervioses sense canviar la resistència mecànica de la reinserció del bíceps tant en implants monocorticals, endomedul·lars i bicorticals.
La tècnica de botó cortical endomedul·lar amb dispositiu Endobutton (Smith & Nephew, Andover, Massachusetts, EUA) és un procediment més senzill i menys agressiu que la tècnica bicortical extracortical per a la reparació del tendó del bíceps distal i presenta potencialment menys riscos.The aim of this study was to measure the cortical thickness and bone density of the different parts of the bicipital tuberosity, to evaluate the importance of these variables on resistance to pulling out of distal biceps tendon reinsertion implants. Sixteen cadaveric arms were used for this study a multiple detector computed tomography was performed in each proximal radius. Bone thickness and density of anterior, posterior cortex and anterior trabecular bone were measured in proximal, medial and distal parts of the bicipital tuberosity. Statistical and concordance analyses of results were performed. Results In our specimens, the medial and distal parts of the anterior cortex and the anterior trabecular bone were thicker, mean 11.3 mm SD 2.72 and 11.17 mm SD 3.05, with a significant difference when compared to the proximal part; mean 10.3 mm SD 2.35, of radial tuberosity. The three posterior segments where all thicker compared to the anterior cortex (proximal 3.15 SD 1.31; medial 3.33 SD 1.5; distal 3.34 SD 1.43 mm), but without statistical differences between them. The measured bone density was equivalent in the three portions of the anterior cortex and trabecular bone [proximal 1924.63 SD 547.22; medial 1848.19 SD 538.59; distal 2100.47 SD 396.32 Hounsfield units (HU)]. The posterior cortex was denser compared to the anterior cortex and the anterior trabecular bone in all the segments (proximal 1962.63 SD 223.57; medial 1907.16 SD 232.08; distal 1987.06 SD 189.12 HU), but without statistical differences between the three parts. Conclusions based on the results of this anatomic study which have demonstrated that anterior cortex and anterior trabecular bone of the medial and distal regions of the bicipital tuberosity are thicker than proximal part, we postulate that these segments could give better pulling out resistance to monocortical implants. Our findings suggest that the strongest parts of the bicipital tuberosity are the proximal and medial parts of the posterior cortex. We can afford them drilling across the radius using a bicortical implant in the proximal and medial section of the radial tuberosity. Furthermore, we suggest that an increased margin of safety could be achieved to prevent injury to the posterior interosseous nerve, drilling the cortical hole in the proximal part of the radial tuberosity without losing resistance properties.
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Lazutina, Elena. "Investigating potential biochemical properties of fetal membrane spongy layer for clinical application at the ocular surface". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40924/.
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The amniotic membrane, well known scaffolding tissue, which widely uses and benefits of having anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-fibrosis, anti-scarring with low immunogenicity and reasonable mechanical properties. Amniotic Membrane Transplantation (AMT) is an established treatment modality, which favourably influence ocular surface re-epithelisation and prevents angiogenesis, thus promoting healing and minimising scarring. It is also used at several other sites of the body. Despite its widespread use, key elements of the membrane and its precise mechanism(s) of action remain to be elucidated. Unfortunately, over the years conflicting clinical reports have suggested variations in the efficacy of AM utility. Conventional methods for amnion preparation do not acknowledge the presence of the SL. My project is a continuation of previous PhD completed in the department, which mentioned the Spongy Layer as one of the important layers in Amniotic Membrane, which had not been look for in any previous work and Dr A Hopkinson, the author of previously mentioned PhD, accidentally discovered possibility to separate that layer from the amnion, it had been decided to take a close look at the layer and investigate properties. Researchers at the University of Nottingham have developed and improved techniques of manufacturing clinical grade the amnion and they have identified the SL as a substance that is variably present in conventional amnion. They have developed techniques to entirely isolate the SL, which allows comprehensive characterisation of its composition and biological properties. The project originally designed to investigate all layers of Amniotic Membrane separately in comparison with amniotic membrane which is completely free from Spongy Layer (SL detached) as well as Spongy Layer attached to the amniotic membrane (classically used layer) and identify a layer which is richest in proteins and growth factors. So, three different samples were investigated: 1) Isolated Spongy Layer; 2) Isolated Amniotic Membrane; 3) Amniotic Membrane with Spongy Layer attached (classical layer, which well- known used). I used technique developed in the department. This technique allows separating the SL without unnecessary mechanical tissue disturbance and isolated SL was used to investigate comprehensive characterisation of the composition and biological properties. Our technique of removing SL is simple and could be easily adapted. The SL imbibes water well and significantly expands, which makes it thick and easy to pull using forceps or using blunt edge of the scalpel blade to push the SL from the amnion surface without mechanical interruption. Investigation of origin of the Spongy Layer during gestation period done through intensive literature search and came to conclusion that the Spongy Layer developed from the extraembryonic endoderm. It is well known that the SL acts as a barrier between vascular amnion and avascular chorion. Also, question was about similarities and differences of embryological origin of the Wharton Jelly and the Spongy Layer. The present in which of TGFb1 (immunofluorescent staining) could be result of cross link during the embryological development. As previously, reported by Dr A Hopkinson et al in 2006, that the Spongy Layer’s biochemical composition is containing TGF-b1, EGF and HGF. The structure of SL is reported to be composed of Collagen types I-VIII, the SL contains high level of hyaluronan, which is a major carbohydrate component of the ECM. To extract proteins from the SL, a few different techniques were used, first of all the tissue weighted, freeze dried and lyophilised in buffers, which were different and depended on the experiment planned. After, proteins were analysed through the Searchlight protein array analysis, 2-D protein quantitation, the Bradford (Commassie staining) assay, the mass spectrometry, had been discovered that the SL contains angiogenic factors, biomarkers, cell adhesions factors, cytokine proteins, growth factors, metalloproteinases, chemokine proteins, neurotrophic factors and cellular components. Experiments show that the level of those factors and proteins in fresh AM, the Transplant Ready Amniotic Membrane (TRAM) and the SL shows that significant amount of proteins was simply washed out during preparation from the TRAM, however the SL is holding those proteins in significant level probably due to imbibing while absorbing water. The important discovery of this project was the cytotoxic effect of the SL and its antimicrobial properties. Some fractions of the SL with high molecular weight proteins show apoptotic activity to corneal keratofibroblasts by necrosis rather than apoptosis. However, cells occurred apoptosis after treatment with lower molecular weight proteins. As preliminary data shows the SL to be cytotoxic, this could lead to some understanding of different outcome in the Amniotic Membrane transplantation (AMT). However, this area needs further investigation. Well known antimicrobial properties of the amniotic membrane were established only in the TRAM and in the samples of the SL which were prepared in the same way as TRAM (washed in gentamicin), however samples of the SL which were not washed in gentamicin did not show antimicrobial properties. One of the next steps of investigation properties of Spongy Layer was the measurement of the thickness of the layer in normal physiological situation, during gestation. As the SL is imbibing the water quickly, in vitro it was difficult to measure “real” thickness of the membrane; this gave an idea to measure it in vivo. To answer the question of “real” (physiological) thickness of the Spongy Layer, different methods were used, however the Ultrasound technique was our method of interest, as it gave the possibility to see the layer during gestation without any interruption and see changes in thickness prior to delivery. These measurements were done in the Fetal Maternal Medicine Department by very experienced sonographer. The Spongy Layer has a variable thickness in three different areas (cervical part, mid region and apical part of the uterus) the SL regions had been divided accordingly. The Spongy Layer has a variable thickness depending on the anatomical location. The difference of the SL thickness had been measured in vivo (ultrasound technic – described below) and in vitro (this work published by JJ Gicquel) the compared results matched. The major problem of the project was the separation of proteins and to break hyaluronic chains to extract clean proteins. In my project, I used two different techniques to separate proteins according the molecular weight of proteins presented in the sample. 1) Revers Phase Solid Phase Extraction (RP-SPE) isolation of proteins; and 2) Soluble Protein Fractionation using Vivaspin columns The second technique in my hands was more successful and I decided to use this for all my samples. To minimise the possibility of sample variations from the point of sample preparation of the SL and the AM itself, I used the same technique for all experiments and combined samples. Nevertheless, my samples were not 100% clear due to different protein structure and shape. This layer therefore has the potential to be exploited clinically for the treatment of several indications. However, before it can be employed, the layer requires further investigation to determine characterise the content of potential factors. In addition, as the spongy layer is predominantly composed of mucin and proteoglycans resulting in a gelatinous/viscous substance, a processing procedure must be developed to either modify the substance in a usable format, or to extract the beneficial factors, for clinical use. Being able to demonstrate the isolated SL and its derivatives can be exploited as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of many ocular surface disorders, would have significant translational potential.The control of inflammation caused by disease (e.g. Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid) and any injury (e.g. Chemical burns) and the limitation of scarring and vascularisation would preserve sight or allow successful secondary intervention such as corneal drafting, which otherwise has a high risk of failure in such situations, the potential for preventing visual impairment and promoting quality of life in all age groups in therefore immense. My work proved that the SL is a separate layer and is having a vast number of different factors in a significantly high amount compare to amnion itself.
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Rubin, Richard K. "Three-dimensional measurement and visualisation of human lumbar kinematics". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ44038.pdf.
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Vase, Hollie Francesca. "Interrogating therapeutic manipulation of the endocannabinoid system in the human colon". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203798.
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The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is known to be involved in key aspects of cell maintenance within the human colon, as well as being dysregulated in pathophysiological conditions, including colon inflammation and cancer. However, the contribution of the ECS within each of these conditions has not been fully elucidated. This indicates that the current identification of key targets within the ECS that are involved in gut pathology could be used as potential novel therapeutics. Two experimental approaches were designed and optimised to give an insight into ECS signal regulation within the human colon and to screen ECS therapeutics, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD); a human colon ex vivo explant culture model and an innovative multiplexed quantitative gene expression technology, the GenomeLab GeXP system (Beckman Coulter). Gene targets were identified that are known markers of regulation and function in cells of healthy tissue. An assay, the hCellMarkerPlex was designed that incorporated twenty-three of these gene targets, epithelial (EZR, KRT18, SLC9A2), proliferation (PCNA, CCND1, MS4A12), differentiation (B4GANLT2, CDX1, CDX2), apoptotic (CASP3, NOX1, NTN1), fibroblast (FSP1, COL1A1), structural (ACTG2, CNN1, DES), gene transcription (HDAC1), stem cell (LGR5), endothelial (VWF) and mucin production (MUC2). The hCellMarkerPlex identified gene signatures which distinguished between normal, adenoma and carcinoma tissue, identifying cellular processes showing abnormal activity associated with pathological status. The resulting biomarker profiles were used to establish a human colon explant culture system. The human colon explant culture presents a novel model to study modulation of the ECS and screen ECS therapeutics. Combined with the GenomeLab GeXP System multiple components of the ECS were assessed at the gene regulatory level. A custom designed GeXP assay, the hECSplex, was developed. hECSplex gene expression signatures of EC receptors (CNR1, CNR2, GPR55 and TRPV1), ECS enzymes (NAPE-PLD, GDE1, DAGLA, DAGLB, FAAH, FAAH2 and PTGS2), inflammatory (IL1B, IL10, IL6, LEP, TNF and SOCS3), signalling pathway (ID1, BCL2, CFL1, BIRC5, TP53, MYC and KRAS), lipid production (SREBF1, ACACA), and plasma-membrane (OCLN) markers revealed altered expression of ECS components in carcinogenesis compared to normal tissue. Abstract vi . The hECSplex gene expression signature of colon explants showed that ECS was not altered during culture, emphasising the explant models capability as a pharmaceutical tool to test current and novel therapeutics. Applications of both THC and CBD to normal colon explants at different concentrations do not lead to any significant changes. Indicating the current pharmacological use of phytocannabinoids is causing no adverse effects in surrounding healthy colon tissue. The GenomeLab System presents new opportunities to interrogate multiple components of the endocannabinoid signalling system in small colon explant tissue samples, and in response to ECS therapeutics.
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Ramsay, Donna T. "Ultrasound imaging of anatomy and milk ejection in the human lactating breast". University of Western Australia. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Discipline Group, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0009.
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[Truncated abstract] In women, as in other mammals, the ability to successfully lactate depends on both complete functional development of the mammary gland and the stimulation of the milk ejection reflex to enable the suckling young to remove stored milk. Prior to my studies, Sir Astley Cooper’s carried out the most comprehensive investigation of the gross anatomy of the lactating human breast in 1840. I have used ultrasound to image the anatomy of the breasts of fully breastfeeding women (1-6 months, n=22) with particular emphasis on the distribution of the main milk ducts, glandular and adipose tissue. Scanning of the milk duct system demonstrated that the anatomy in the region of the areola and nipple is different to that depicted in standard anatomical textbooks. The main milk ducts were small (diameter, left: 1.9 ± 0.6 mm; right: 2.1 ± 0.7 mm), superficial (depth, left: 4.50 ± 1.98 mm; right: 4.74 ± 1.59 mm) and branched close to the nipple (within 8.20 ± 6.27 mm, left; 7.00 ± 3.98 mm, right) (mean ± SD). The lactiferous sinuses (described in current textbooks) were not observed and the number of main ducts detected at the base of the nipple was less than the quoted 15-20 (9.4, range 4-18). Quantitative descriptions of the morphology of either the lactating or, indeed, the non-lactating breasts have not been attempted using ultrasound. I developed a systematic approach to ultrasound imaging of the breast that provided a semi-quantitative description of the distribution of glandular and adipose tissues within the lactating breast. Approximately two thirds of the breast was comprised of glandular tissue. Intraglandular fat was identified as hypoechoic transects within the hyperechoic glandular tissue. Over 65% of the glandular tissue together with 50% of the intraglandular fat and 25% of the subcutaneous fat was located within a 30 mm radius of the base of the nipple. The absence of lactiferous sinuses and the arrangement of tissue within a 30 mm radius of the nipple suggested that the current conceptualisation of sucking dynamics of the infant requires revision. Successful milk removal depends on the stimulation of the milk ejection reflex and currently subjective assessments of milk ejection such as the mother’s sensations and an alteration in the infants sucking and swallowing are used clinically to confirm milk ejection whereas in research two stressful invasive procedures; changes blood oxytocin and intra-ductal pressure have been used. I have developed a non-invasive ultrasound technique to detect milk ejection in women
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Samu, David. "Module hierarchy and centralisation in the anatomy and dynamics of human cortex". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/46776/.
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Systems neuroscience has recently unveiled numerous fundamental features of the macroscopic architecture of the human brain, the connectome, and we are beginning to understand how characteristics of brain dynamics emerge from the underlying anatomical connectivity. The current work utilises complex network analysis on a high-resolution structural connectivity of the human cortex to identify generic organisation principles, such as centralised, modular and hierarchical properties, as well as specific areas that are pivotal in shaping cortical dynamics and function. After confirming its small-world and modular architecture, we characterise the cortex' multilevel modular hierarchy, which appears to be reasonably centralised towards the brain's strong global structural core. The potential functional importance of the core and hub regions is assessed by various complex network metrics, such as integration measures, network vulnerability and motif spectrum analysis. Dynamics facilitated by the large-scale cortical topology is explored by simulating coupled oscillators on the anatomical connectivity. The results indicate that cortical connectivity appears to favour high dynamical complexity over high synchronizability. Taking the ability to entrain other brain regions as a proxy for the threat posed by a potential epileptic focus in a given region, we also show that epileptic foci in topologically more central areas should pose a higher epileptic threat than foci in more peripheral areas. To assess the influence of macroscopic brain anatomy in shaping global resting state dynamics on slower time scales, we compare empirically obtained functional connectivity data with data from simulating dynamics on the structural connectivity. Despite considerable micro-scale variability between the two functional connectivities, our simulations are able to approximate the profile of the empirical functional connectivity. Our results outline the combined characteristics a hierarchically modular and reasonably centralised macroscopic architecture of the human cerebral cortex, which, through these topological attributes, appears to facilitate highly complex dynamics and fundamentally shape brain function.
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Hafızoğlu, Özkan Özgü Seçkin Yavuz. "A research on footwear and foot interaction through anatomy and human engineering/". [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/endustriurunleritasarimi/T000429.pdf.
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Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology,İzmir, 2005Keywords: Foot, footwear design, foot-footwear interaction, human engineering, comfort&performance Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 144).
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Montplaisir, Lisa Marie. "Opportunities for learning in an introductory undergraduate human anatomy and physiology course". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280438.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the course conditions that support the development of meaningful student learning in an introductory undergraduate human anatomy and physiology course. The study was conducted during an 8-week summer-session at a small mid-western university. Classroom observations and taped recordings of class sessions were used to determine content episodes within the instructional unit, opportunities for learning created by the instructor, demonstrations of information processing by the students, and the ways in which the instructor used the Personal Response System (PRS). Student interviews were used to determine students' level of understanding of pre-test and post-test items. Student interviews and a questionnaire were used to determine students' perceptions of the PRS as a learning tool. Findings reveal that the instructor had different expectations of students when posing verbal questions in-class than he had when posing PRS questions. The use of verbal questions did not permit demonstrations of student understanding; however, the use of the PRS did result in demonstrations of student understanding. Questions posed via the use of the PRS were categorized according to cognitive level. The cognitive level of the questions increased with time over the instructional unit and within the content episodes. Students demonstrated deeper understanding of the topics after instruction than they did before instruction. Students reported more in-class thinking about the content, more discussion of the content with their neighbors, more regular class attendance, more opportunities for deeper learning, and a general preference for the PRS over traditional lectures. Findings of the study indicate that the instructional decisions about the use of questions influences the opportunities for students to process information and demonstrate their understanding of the content and that students valued these opportunities. A better understanding of the conditions that promote meaningful student learning may help us make decisions that result in improved student learning in our own classes.
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Magee, Corin Wolfgang. "EFFICACY OF MASTERY-BASED AND AUTONOMY-SUPPORTIVE NEUROANATOMY CURRICULUM IN GRADUATE LEVEL HUMAN NEUROBIOLOGY COURSE". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1431086741.
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Perreault, Eric Jon. "System identification of the reflex contribution to human ankle dynamics". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60710.
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Previous studies of the human stretch reflex have been limited by difficulties separating the reflex response from those due to passive and intrinsic joint properties. This study has presented and experimentally verified a method for separately determining these contributions to the human ankle response, and used this technique to assess the reflex contribution to joint dynamics during the application of a stochastic position perturbation. Although this method was applied to the human ankle, it is readily applicable to any intact joint.The results of this analysis showed that most of the neuromuscular response could be accounted for by two parallel pathways: one for the stretch reflex dynamics, and another for the intrinsic joint stiffness. The estimated nonparametric model accounted for 92% of the measured torque variance between 0.5-25Hz, and greater than 94% of the variance between 5-12Hz, where the stretch reflex was found to be most effective.
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Van, Schoor Albert-Neels. "Paediatric regional anaesthetic procedures clinical anatomy competence, pitfalls and complications /". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd07062005-151955.
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馬智申 y Chi-san Jason Ma. "The mobility of human knee menisci". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212554.
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Barrett, Andrew W. "Immunological studies of human oral mucosal Langerhans cells". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333511.
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McCulley, Michelle Caroline. "Classification and genetic analysis of human facial features". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271409.
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Xynos, Ioannis D. "Bioactive glasses for the in vitro synthesis of bone tissue". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11494.
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Elebute, Modupe Olaitan. "Evaluation of haemopoiesis in de-novo haemolytic paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria". Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271169.
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Munro, James McKenzie. "Pathogen-host relationships between Erysiphe cruciferarum and members of the family Cruciferae". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27079.
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Gonzalez, Vargas Diego. "Supplementation of cereal straws with lucerne and sugar beet pulp in diets for ruminants". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28124.
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Watson, Patricia A. "The biochemistry and physiology of the immature cereal pericarp". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27625.
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