Bibliografías temáticas / Human genetics in fiction

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Human genetics in fiction"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 30 de enero de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Human genetics in fiction"

1

J. L., Ms Chithra. "The Paradox of Being Human and more than Human: Exploring the Class Struggle in Nancy Kress’ Beggars in Spain". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2021): 4485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1539.

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The human history is an apologue. It tells the struggle-some tale of races, aiming for power and prestige or for mere survival. Marxism, discontent with the existing struggle between the haves and have-nots, envisages a classless society. Science fiction, in contrast, assumes a fictious world, not of humans alone, but of a macrocosm of living and non-living creatures including human, non-human or subhuman entities. When the divergent communities co-exist within the same planet, there arises a dissonance. Posthuman theory assumes that “the dividing line between human, non-human or the animal is highly permeable.” There is quite a good number of Science fictions that conjures up towards a posthuman future. Even though, seemingly divergent aspects, Marxian and Posthuman theory, both presumes a fictional world. The first surmises on an ideal utopia of class-less society of unique economic equality, the second foresees a futuristic world of humans- less than or more than ‘humans.’ Nancy Kress’ Beggars in Spain is a typical science fiction which tells the negative impact of genetic engineering. A few fortunate parents who could afford the expensive genetic engineering, was able to brought about a new generation of sleepless children with unique features. But those without any alterations, remained as sleepers. In the long run, the ordinary humans seemed to lose the race with the much productive individuals, who is having a bonus of sleeping hours and much more added advantages. The conflict results in a class struggle of ‘haves and have-nots’. Marxian view of the class struggle between the proletariat and the aristocrats can be analyzed on par with the classification of individuals purely based on their talents whether they inherited or purposefully custom-made. The present scrutiny rounds off the assertion that, there is no ultimate victory over the war of human and posthuman races.
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Muradian, Gaiane y Anna Karapetyan. "On Some Properties of Science Fiction Dystopian Narrative". Armenian Folia Anglistika 13, n.º 1-2 (17) (16 de octubre de 2017): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2017.13.1-2.007.

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Dystopia is a narrative form of fiction in general and of science fiction in particular. Using elements of science fiction discourse like time travel, space flight, advanced technologies, virtual reality, genetic engineering, etc. – dystopian narrative depicts future fictive societies presenting in peculiar prose style a future in which humanity has fallen into destruction, ruin and decline, in which human life and nature are wildly abused, exploited and destroyed, in which a totalitarian, highly centralized, and, therefore, oppressive social organization sacrifices individual expression, freedom of choice and idiosyncrasy of the society and its members. It is such critical and creative reflections of science fiction dystopian narrative that are focused on in the present case study with the aim of bringing out certain properties in terms of narrative types and devices, figurative discourse and cognitive notions through which science fiction dystopia expresses and conveys its overarching message, i.e. the warning to stop before it is too late to the reader.
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COGGON, JOHN. "Confrontations in “Genethics”: Rationalities, Challenges, and Methodological Responses". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, n.º 1 (enero de 2011): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000617.

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It was only a matter of time before the portmanteau term “genethics” would be coined and a whole field within bioethics delineated. The term can be dated back at least to 1984 and the work of James Nagle, who claims credit for inventing the word, which he takes “to incorporate the various ethical implications and dilemmas generated by genetic engineering with the technologies and applications that directly or indirectly affect the human species.” In Nagle’s phrase, “Genethic issues are instances where medical genetics and biotechnology generate ethical problems that warrant societal deliberation.” The great promises and terrific threats of developments in scientific understanding of genetics, and the power to enhance, modify, or profit from the knowledge science breeds, naturally offer a huge range of issues to vex moral philosophers and social theorists. Issues as diverse as embryo selection and the quest for immortality continue to tax analysts, who offer reasons as varied as the matters that might be dubbed “genethical” for or against the morality of things that are actually possible, logically possible, and even just tenuously probable science fiction.
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Burke, Lucy. "Hostile environments? Down’s syndrome and genetic screening in contemporary culture". Medical Humanities 47, n.º 2 (junio de 2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2020-012066.

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This essay explores the complex entanglement of new reproductive technologies, genetics, health economics, rights-based discourses and ethical considerations of the value of human life with particular reference to representations of Down’s syndrome and the identification of trisomy 21. Prompted by the debates that have occurred in the wake of the adoption of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), the essay considers the representation of Down’s syndrome and prenatal testing in bioethical discourse, feminist writings on reproductive autonomy and disability studies and in a work of popular fiction, Yrsa Sigurdardóttir’s Someone To Look Over Me (2013), a novel set in Iceland during the post-2008 financial crisis. It argues that the conjunction of neo-utilitarian and neoliberal and biomedical models produce a hostile environment in which the concrete particularities of disabled people’s lives and experiences are placed under erasure for a ‘genetic fiction’ that imagines the life of the ‘not yet born’ infant with Down’s syndrome as depleted, diminished and burdensome. With close reference to the depiction of Down’s syndrome and learning disability in the novel, my reading explores the ways in which the generic conventions of crime fiction intersect with ideas about economics, politics and learning disability, to mediate an exploration of human value and social justice that troubles dominant deficit-led constructions of disability.
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ENDERSBY, JIM. "A visit to Biotopia: genre, genetics and gardening in the early twentieth century". British Journal for the History of Science 51, n.º 3 (20 de junio de 2018): 423–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708741800047x.

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AbstractThe early decades of the twentieth century were marked by widespread optimism about biology and its ability to improve the world. A major catalyst for this enthusiasm was new theories about inheritance and evolution (particularly Hugo de Vries's mutation theory and Mendel's newly rediscovered ideas). In Britain and the USA particularly, an astonishingly diverse variety of writers (from elite scientists to journalists and writers of fiction) took up the task of interpreting these new biological ideas, using a wide range of genres to help their fellow citizens make sense of biology's promise. From these miscellaneous writings a new and distinctive kind of utopianism emerged – the biotopia. Biotopias offered the dream of a perfect, post-natural world, or the nightmare of violated nature (often in the same text), but above all they conveyed a sense that biology was – for the first time – offering humanity unprecedented control over life. Biotopias often visualized the world as a garden perfected for human use, but this vision was tinged with gendered violence, as it became clear that realizing it entailed dispossessing, or even killing, ‘Mother Nature’. Biotopian themes are apparent in journalism, scientific reports and even textbooks, and these non-fiction sources shared many characteristics with intentionally prophetic or utopian fictions. Biotopian themes can be traced back and forth across the porous boundaries between popular and elite writing, showing how biology came to function as public culture. This analysis reveals not only how the historical significance of science is invariably determined outside the scientific world, but also that the ways in which biology was debated during this period continue to characterize today's debates over new biological breakthroughs.
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Lavi, Shai. "Cloning International Law: The Science and Science Fiction of Human Cloning and Stem-Cell Patenting". Law, Culture and the Humanities 14, n.º 1 (13 de marzo de 2014): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872114522155.

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The article offers a critical appraisal of the rise of international governance in the field of genetics and reproductive technologies as “legal cloning.” It critically explores two of the dominant approaches to the homogenization of international law: the instrumentalist approach promoted by legal realists (law and science) and the deterministic approach advanced by legal surrealists (law and science fiction). As an alternative to both, the article offers an account of bio-technology’s modus operandi, and its power to “clone,” namely, to reduce human diversity – whether genetic, moral, or legal – not to identity but to a controlled and standardized uniformity. By examining three case studies of international law and transnational law – the UN declaration on human cloning, the recent restriction of the patenting of human embryonic stem cell research by the CJEU – along with Aldous Huxley’s classic novel Brave New World, the article unveils three different ways in which cloning operates in international law: international law versus cloning, international law as cloning, and the cloning of international law.
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Sansom, Clare. "Genetics, Bioethics and Space Travel: GATTACA". Biochemist 34, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2012): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03406034.

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It has been said that all stories set in the future say more about the concerns of the time in which they are written than they do about future possibilities. Long before the genome era, writers were investigating the possibility of changing the biological make-up of humans. Questions about human biology, identity and eugenics (from the Greek ‘well-born’) have been raised by writers ever since Plato; classic novels addressing these issues include H.G. Wells's The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896) and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1931). Eugenics in fiction passed out of fashion after the Second World War, but recent developments in genetics and genomics have brought these ideas into the foreground again.
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Zimmermann, Oliver, Kefei Li, Myron Zaczkiewicz, Matthias Graf, Zhongmin Liu y Jan Torzewski. "C-Reactive Protein in Human Atherogenesis: Facts and Fiction". Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/561428.

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The role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in atherosclerosis is controversially discussed. Whereas initial experimental studies suggested a pathogenic role for CRP in atherogenesis, more recent genetic data from Mendelian randomization trials failed to provide evidence for a causative role of CRP in cardiovascular disease. Also, experimental results from laboratories all over the world were indeed contradictory, partly because of species differences in CRP biology and partly because data were not accurately evaluated. Here we summarize the published data from experimental work with mainly human material in order to avoid confusion based on species differences in CRP biology. Experimental work needs to be reevaluated after reconsideration of some traditional rules in research: (1) in order to understand a molecule’s role in disease it may be helpful to be aware of its role in physiology; (2) it is necessary to define the disease entity that experimental CRP research deals with; (3) the scientific consensus is as follows: do not try to prove your hypothesis. Specific CRP inhibition followed by use of CRP inhibitors in controlled clinical trials may be the only way to prove or disprove a causative role for CRP in cardiovascular disease.
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Nwoye, Leonard. "Ethical issues in human cloning". International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 2, n.º 4 (5 de enero de 2020): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i4.54.

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Cloning, which for years has remained a fiction, has finally become a reality today. Genetic engineers can now clone animals to achieve a desired type of product with unique or specific genetic make-ups. Presently, actors in this field have produced cloned sheep, mice, monkeys, pigs and cows. This paper may not exhaust the list if it continues to outline the achievements of genetic engineers today. What is discussed in this research are not only the achievements of genetic engineers, rather the ethical problems surrounding them. How moral is it to clone a cow that will grow up abnormally and die in the shortest time? Also, human beings developed through cloning will experience identity problems, authenticity, freedom, autonomy, and the problem of uniqueness. These problems and more are what this research seeks to address using the methods of analysis, evaluation, and deduction.
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Isa, Noor Munirah y Muhammad Fakhruddin Hj Safian Shuri. "Ethical Concerns About Human Genetic Enhancement in the Malay Science Fiction Novels". Science and Engineering Ethics 24, n.º 1 (9 de marzo de 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9887-1.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Human genetics in fiction"

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Gill, Josephine Ceri. "Race, genetics and British fiction since the Human Genome Project". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610822.

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Azevedo, Soares Andreia. "Imagining humans in the age of DNA : genetics and contemporary British fiction". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11593.

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This thesis examines to what extent modern genetics has influenced novelists to adopt a more deterministic view of human beings. It has been claimed that molecular biology, behavioural genetics and evolutionary psychology have challenged traditional ideas about humankind. My hypothesis is that if gene-centred disciplines changed the way we see ourselves, then this would have implications for the literary novel, a genre that depends greatly on representations of humans. In analysing how genetics was incorporated in contemporary British fiction, I try to uncover the ways in which the human characters deal with – or are constrained or empowered by – scientific products or concepts. In addition, I seek to understand what novelists know and think about human genetics, and whether they believe it influenced their stories. Attention is also paid to novelists’ relationship with scientists’ cognitive authority. Specifically, I am interested in whether experts and scientific knowledge were positioned hierarchically above lay audiences and other forms of knowledge. To answer those questions, extended semi-structured interviews and textual analysis were chosen as main research methods. Six literary novels were selected for analysis. This corpus consists of: A.S. Byatt’s A Whistling Woman, Carole Cadwalladr’s The Family Tree, Margaret Drabble’s The Peppered Moth, Maggie Gee’s The Ice People, Simon Mawer’s Mendel’s Dwarf and David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas. The main conclusion of this project is that novelists are able to incorporate ideas about genetics in their texts without simply perpetuating reductionist discourses. Literary novels offer several advantages compared to the expository writing: they are a flexible literary form; deal imaginatively with the human experience; and effortlessly accommodate multiple perspectives, open-ended questions and complex ideas such as doubt and ambiguity. As such, this genre affords the opportunity to explore contemporary science as a provisional, contingent and socially-embedded endeavour.
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Smith, Tonja. "Bioethics for the masses the negotiation of bioethics in film and fiction /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1798481011&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ken, Stephanie Wong. "Human Subjects". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4023.

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Human Subjects is a collection of eight short stories that explore the role of identity, otherness, and personhood in contemporary life. Two sex workers try to buy new faces after a botched plastic surgery, a young girl struggles to find her place in a religious sweat cult, mixed race orphans commune with ghosts in a Korean orphanage, best friends embark on a road trip across America in search of a mother. Human Subjects works to tell stories about deeply felt wants and desires from perspectives at the margins, caught in a state of in between. This collection grapples with what it means to be a subject, and what it means to be subjected.
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Bell, Christopher Graeme. "The genetics of human obesity". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433662.

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Jennings, Michael William. "Developmental genetics of human haemoglobin". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236131.

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Nelki, Daniel S. "The ownership of human genes and human tissue". Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301178.

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Cooke, Graham Stephen. "Human genetics and susceptibility to tuberculosis". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410623.

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Murphy, Morna J. "Molecular genetics of human ovarian cancer". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317465.

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Ingman, Max. "Mitochondria and Human Evolution". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3580.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been a potent tool in studies of the evolution of modern humans, human migrations and the dynamics of human populations over time. The popularity of this cytoplasmic genome has largely been due to its clonal inheritance (in Man) allowing the tracing of a direct genetic line. In addition, a comparatively high rate of nucleotide substitution facilitates phylogenetic resolution among relatively closely related individuals of the same species.

In this thesis, a statistically supported phylogeny based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences is presented which, for the first time, unambiguously places the root of modern human mitochondrial lineages in Africa in the last 200 thousand years. This conclusion provides strong support for the “recent African origin” hypothesis. Also, the complete genome data underline the problematic nature of traditional approaches to analyses of mitochondrial phylogenies.

The dispersal of anatomically modern humans from the African continent is examined through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and sequence data. These data imply an expansion from Africa about 57 thousand years ago and a subsequent population dispersal into Asia. The dispersal coincides with a major population division that may be the result of multiple migratory routes to East Asia.

Also investigated is the question of a common origin for the indigenous peoples of Australia and New Guinea. Previous studies have been equivocal on this question with some presenting evidence for a common genetic origin and other proposing separate histories. Our data reveals an ancient genetic link between Australian Aborigines and the peoples of the New Guinea highlands.

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Libros sobre el tema "Human genetics in fiction"

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Nova, Craig. Wetware: A novel. New York: Shaye Areheart Books, 2001.

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Koops, Bert-Jaap. Engineering the Human: Human Enhancement Between Fiction and Fascination. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. The meek. New York: New American Library, 2001.

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Briggs, Dean. The God spot. Nashville: Word Pub., 1999.

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Kress, Nancy. Nothing human. Urbana, Ill: Golden Gryphon Press, 2003.

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Asher, Neal L. The Human. London, UK: Pan Macmillan, 2020.

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Wilhelm, Kate. Huysman's pets. London: Gollancz, 1986.

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Crater: A Helium-3 novel. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2012.

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The missing link. London: Bodley Head, 2000.

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The Ultra violets. New York, N.Y: Razorbill, 2013.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Human genetics in fiction"

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Stratmann, H. G. "Genetic Engineering: Tinkering with the Human Body". En Science and Fiction, 389–428. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16015-3_12.

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Nelis, Annemiek y Danielle Posthuma. "Genetic Enhancement of Human Beings: Reality or Fiction?" En Engineering the Human, 63–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35096-2_5.

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Kowles, Richard. "Human Genetics". En Solving Problems in Genetics, 389–445. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0205-6_11.

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Lancaster, H. O. "Human Genetics". En Quantitative Methods in Biological and Medical Sciences, 45–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2658-1_5.

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Vogel, Friedrich y Arno G. Motulsky. "Population Genetics". En Human Genetics, 433–511. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02489-8_7.

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Vogel, Friedrich y Arno G. Motulsky. "Human Chromosomes". En Human Genetics, 20–110. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02489-8_3.

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Vogel, Friedrich y Arno G. Motulsky. "Human Evolution". En Human Genetics, 512–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02489-8_8.

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Vogel, Friedrich y Arno G. Motulsky. "Human Evolution". En Human Genetics, 583–621. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03356-2_15.

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Eastwood, Martin. "Genetics". En Principles of Human Nutrition, 37–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3025-5_2.

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Dye, Frank J. "Genetics". En Human Life Before Birth, 33–47. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351130288-5.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Human genetics in fiction"

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Blythe, Mark. "Research Fiction". En CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3026023.

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Sturdee, Miriam, Paul Coulton, Joseph G. Lindley, Mike Stead, Haider Ali y Andy Hudson-Smith. "Design Fiction". En CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892574.

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Baumann, Karl, Ben Caldwell, François Bar y Benjamin Stokes. "Participatory Design Fiction". En CHI '18: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3186601.

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YAMAGUCHI, TETSUTARO, RYOSUKE KIMURA, AKIRA KAWAGUCHI, YOKO TOMOYASU y KOUTARO MAKI. "Craniofacial Morphology in Human Genetics". En Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814518413_0005.

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Guan, Hannah. "The genetics of human aging". En BCB '21: 12th ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Informatics. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459930.3469508.

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Gilardi, Marco, Patrick Holroyd, Carly Brownbridge, Phil L. Watten y Marianna Obrist. "Design Fiction Film-Making". En CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892280.

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Blythe, Mark. "Research through design fiction". En CHI '14: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557098.

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Lindley, Joseph y Paul Coulton. "Peer Review and Design Fiction". En CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892568.

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Wilson, Daniel H. "Chasing Our Science Fiction Future". En HRI '15: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2714390.

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Lindley, Joseph y Paul Coulton. "Pushing the Limits of Design Fiction". En CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858446.

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Informes sobre el tema "Human genetics in fiction"

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Collins, D. L., L. Segebrecht y R. N. Schimke. Human genetics education for middle and secondary science teachers. Third annual report, April 1, 1994--March 30, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/34255.

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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller y Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.
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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad y Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.

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ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Primer on molecular genetics. DOE Human Genome Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10136121.

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Human Genetics and Genomics in South Africa: Ethical, Legal and Social Implications. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2018/0033.

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Exploring the gene: Interactive exhibits on genetics and the human genome. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mayo de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10167737.

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