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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Inhalation Aerosols"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Inhalation Aerosols"

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Thomas, Richard, Carwyn Davies, Alejandro Nunez, Stephen Hibbs, Helen Flick-Smith, Lin Eastaugh, Sophie Smither et al. "Influence of particle size on the pathology and efficacy of vaccination in a murine model of inhalational anthrax". Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2010): 1415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.024117-0.

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Deposition of Bacillus anthracis endospores within either the lungs or nasal passages of A/J mice after aerosol exposure was influenced by different particle sized aerosols and resulted in different infection kinetics. The infection resulting from the inhalation of endospores within a 12 μm particle aerosol was prolonged compared to that from a 1 μm particle aerosol with a mean time-to-death of 161±16.1 h and 101.6±10.4 h, respectively. Inhalation of endospores within 1 μm or 12 μm particle aerosols resulted in a median lethal dose of 2432 and 7656 c.f.u., respectively. Initial involvement of the upper respiratory tract lymph nodes was observed in 75–83 % of mice exposed to either the 1 μm or 12 μm particle inhalational infections. Lung deposition was significantly greater after inhalation of the 1 μm particle aerosol with pronounced involvement of the mediastinal lymph node. Gastrointestinal involvement was observed only in mice exposed to 12 μm particle aerosols where bacteriological and histopathological analysis indicated primary gastritis (17 %), activation of the Peyer's patches (72 %) and colonization and necrosis of the mesenteric lymph nodes (67 %). Terminal disease was characterized by bacteraemia in both inhalational infections with preferential dissemination to spleen, liver, kidneys and thymus. Immunization with 1 μg recombinant protective antigen vaccine was equally efficacious against B. anthracis infections arising from the inhalation of 1 and 12 μm particle aerosols, providing 73–80 % survival under a suboptimum immunization schedule.
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Martí-Bonmatí, Ezequiel, Gustavo Juan, Luis Martí-Bonmatí y Mercedes Ramon. "Effect of Low Temperatures on Drug-Delivery Efficacy of Aerosols". Journal of Pharmacy Technology 12, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1996): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259601200508.

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Objective: To determine how low temperatures affect the pharmaceutical properties of oral inhalation aerosols pressurized with chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Design: Inhalation aerosols of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline sulfate were exposed at three different environmental temperatures [22, 0, and −10 °C; (±2)]. Three groups of 10 canisters each, at different drug loads (100%, 50%, and 20%), were studied at these temperatures. Canisters with mouthpieces were weighed before and after 40 actuations in order to study the mass propelled in each experimental condition. Photographs were also taken of the aerosol mist at each temperature. Results: A statistically significant decrease in the average mass of the aerosol discharged was evidenced at low temperatures. The temperature and aerosol output were linearly correlated. The weight loss at–10 °C was 35.4%. At this temperature the emitted doses were discharged as liquefied droplets. This effect was quickly manifested and proved reversible. Conclusions: Low temperatures modify the pharmaceutical properties of oral inhalation aerosols pressurized with CFCs. This technical information should be included as a note of caution in the prescribing information.
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Brambilla, G., D. Ganderton, R. Garzia, D. Lewis, B. Meakin y P. Ventura. "Modulation of aerosol clouds produced by pressurised inhalation aerosols". International Journal of Pharmaceutics 186, n.º 1 (septiembre de 1999): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00137-4.

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Angel, A., J. Robson, T. L. Muchnick, R. C. Moretz y R. B. Patel. "SEM evaluation of pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols deposited in an andersen cascade impactor". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, n.º 2 (agosto de 1992): 1328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100131279.

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Particle size characterization is a critical parameter used for inhalation aerosol formulation development, batch control and product performance evaluation. Both the United States Pharmacopeia optical microscopy method and multistage cascade impaction methods are used for particle size evaluation and control of inhalation aerosols. Particle size determination based on aerodynamic properties is considered more relevant than other techniques for assessing product performance during patient-use. The cascade impaction technique for evaluation of inhalation aerosols is typically used with a suitable inlet to facilitate introduction of the aerosol spray into the impactor. The drug particles deposited on the impaction stages are extracted and analyzed by an appropriate method to relate drug mass to the aerodynamic cut-off size and thereby determine respirable fractions (particles of < 5.8 μm aerodynamic size). This approach does not provide information relating to the physical character of the formulation (aggregates, agglomerates, particle shapes and morphology) or its deposition characteristics both within and between stages.
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Leach, Chet L. "Inhalation Aspects of Therapeutic Aerosols". Toxicologic Pathology 35, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926230601072335.

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Kwok, Philip Chi Lip y Hak-Kim Chan. "Electrostatics of pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2009): 1587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp.61.12.0002.

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Kwok, Philip Chi Lip y Hak-Kim Chan. "Electrostatics of pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2009): 1587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.12.0002.

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BURKE, GREGORY P., GUIRAG POOCHIKIAN y PAULA BOTSTEIN. "Regulatory Science of Inhalation Aerosols". Journal of Aerosol Medicine 4, n.º 3 (enero de 1991): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jam.1991.4.265.

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Thomas, Richard J., Daniel Webber, William Sellors, Aaron Collinge, Andrew Frost, Anthony J. Stagg, Stephen C. Bailey et al. "Characterization and Deposition of Respirable Large- and Small-Particle Bioaerosols". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, n.º 20 (22 de agosto de 2008): 6437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01194-08.

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ABSTRACT The deposition patterns of large-particle microbiological aerosols within the respiratory tract are not well characterized. A novel system (the flow-focusing aerosol generator [FFAG]) which enables the generation of large (>10-μm) aerosol particles containing microorganisms under laboratory conditions was characterized to permit determination of deposition profiles within the murine respiratory tract. Unlike other systems for generating large aerosol particles, the FFAG is compatible with microbiological containment and the inhalational challenge of animals. By use of entrapped Escherichia coli cells, Bacillus atrophaeus spores, or FluoSphere beads, the properties of aerosols generated by the FFAG were compared with the properties of aerosols generated using the commonly available Collison nebulizer, which preferentially generates small (1- to 3-μm) aerosol particles. More entrapped particulates (15.9- to 19.2-fold) were incorporated into 9- to 17-μm particles generated by the FFAG than by the Collison nebulizer. The 1- to 3-μm particles generated by the Collison nebulizer were more likely to contain a particulate than those generated by the FFAG. E. coli cells aerosolized using the FFAG survived better than those aerosolized using the Collison nebulizer. Aerosols generated by the Collison nebulizer and the FFAG preferentially deposited in the lungs and nasal passages of the murine respiratory tract, respectively. However, significant deposition of material also occurred in the gastrointestinal tract after inhalation of both the small (89.7%)- and large (61.5%)-particle aerosols. The aerosols generated by the Collison nebulizer and the FFAG differ with respect to mass distribution, distribution of the entrapped particulates, bacterial survival, and deposition within the murine respiratory tract.
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Eninger, Robert M., Takeshi Honda, Atin Adhikari, Helvi Heinonen-Tanski, Tiina Reponen y Sergey A. Grinshpun. "Filter Performance of N99 and N95 Facepiece Respirators Against Viruses and Ultrafine Particles". Annals of Occupational Hygiene 52, n.º 5 (13 de mayo de 2008): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/men019.

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Abstract The performance of three filtering facepiece respirators (two models of N99 and one N95) challenged with an inert aerosol (NaCl) and three virus aerosols (enterobacteriophages MS2 and T4 and Bacillus subtilis phage)—all with significant ultrafine components—was examined using a manikin-based protocol with respirators sealed on manikins. Three inhalation flow rates, 30, 85, and 150 l min−1, were tested. The filter penetration and the quality factor were determined. Between-respirator and within-respirator comparisons of penetration values were performed. At the most penetrating particle size (MPPS), &gt;3% of MS2 virions penetrated through filters of both N99 models at an inhalation flow rate of 85 l min−1. Inhalation airflow had a significant effect upon particle penetration through the tested respirator filters. The filter quality factor was found suitable for making relative performance comparisons. The MPPS for challenge aerosols was &lt;0.1 μm in electrical mobility diameter for all tested respirators. Mean particle penetration (by count) was significantly increased when the size fraction of &lt;0.1 μm was included as compared to particles &gt;0.1 μm. The filtration performance of the N95 respirator approached that of the two models of N99 over the range of particle sizes tested (∼0.02 to 0.5 μm). Filter penetration of the tested biological aerosols did not exceed that of inert NaCl aerosol. The results suggest that inert NaCl aerosols may generally be appropriate for modeling filter penetration of similarly sized virions.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Inhalation Aerosols"

1

Kwok, Philip Chi Lip. "Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation". Faculty of Pharmacy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1934.

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PhD
Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation is a relatively new research area. Charge properties of these particles are largely unknown but electrostatic forces have been proposed to potentially influence lung deposition. Investigation on the relationship between formulation and aerosol charging is required to understand the fundamental mechanisms. A modified electrical low pressure impactor was employed to measure the particles generated from metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers. This equipment provides detailed size and charge information of the aerosols. The particles were sized by impaction onto thirteen stages. The net charges in twelve of the size fractions were detected and recorded by sensitive electrometers. The drug deposits were quantified by chemical assay. The aerosol charge profiles of commercial metered dose inhalers were product-dependent, which was due to differences in the drug, formulation, and valve stem material. The calculated number of elementary charges per drug particle of size ≤ 6.06 μm ranged from zero to several ten thousands. The high charge levels on particles may have a potential effect on the deposition of the aerosol particles in the lung when inhaled. New plastic spacers marketed for use with metered dose inhalers were found to possess high surface charges on the internal walls, which was successfully removed by detergent-coating. Detergent-coated spacer had higher drug output than the new ones due to the reduced electrostatic particle deposition inside the spacer. Particles delivered from spacers carried lower inherent charges than those directly from metered dose inhalers. Those with higher charges might be susceptible to electrostatic forces inside the spacers and were thus retained. The electrostatic low pressure impactor was further modified to disperse two commercial Tubuhaler® products at 60 L/min. The DPIs showed drug-specific responses to particle charging at different RHs. The difference in hygroscopicity of the drugs may play a major role. A dual mechanistic charging model was proposed to explain the charging behaviours. The charge levels on drug particles delivered from these inhalers were sufficiently high to potentially affect deposition in the airways when inhaled. Drug-free metered dose inhalers containing HFA-134a and 227 produced highly variable charge profiles but on average the puffs were negatively charged, which was thought to be due to the electronegative fluorine atoms in the HFA molecules. The charges of both HFAs shifted towards neutrality or positive polarity with increasing water content. The spiked water might have increased the electrical conductivity and/or decreased the electronegativity of the bulk propellant solution. The number of elementary charges per droplet decreased with decreasing droplet size. This trend was probably due to the redistribution of charges amongst small droplets following electrostatic fission of a bigger droplet when the Raleigh limit was reached.
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Ashurst, Ian C. "Physicochemical characteristics of chlorofluorohydrocarbon based inhalation aerosols". Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12546/.

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The aim of this work was to gain a better understanding of the physiochemical factors which affect the formulation of suspension inhalation aerosols. This has been attempted by applying the principles of colloid science to aerosol formulation. Both a drug system and a model colloid system have been used. The adsorption of six nonionic and cationic surfactants onto Spherisorb has been investigated. The results were analysed by calculating the area occupied by one adsorbed molecule at the surface and by comparing these values for each surfactant. The amount of each surfactant adsorbed was correlated with the number of sites on that surfactant molecule which could interact with the surface. The stability of suspensions, produced by both the model colloid Spherisorb, and by the drug isoprenaline sulphate, after adsorption of the surfactants, has been assessed by measuring settling times and rising times. The most stable suspensions were found to be those which had the greatest amounts of long chain fatty acid surfactant adsorbed on their surface. A comparison was made between the effective stabilising properties of Span 85 and oleic acid on various drug suspensions. It was found that Span 85 gave the most stable suspensions. Inhalation aerosol suspensions of isoprenaline sulphate were manufactured using the same surfactants used in the adsorption and suspension stability studies and were analysed by measuring the particle size distributions of the suspension and the emitted doses. The results were found to correlate with the adsorption and suspension stability studies and it was concluded that a deflocculated suspension was preferable to a flocculated suspension in inhalation aerosols provided that the drug density was less than the propellant density. The application of this work to preformulation studies was also discussed.
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Hickey, A. J. "Pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols : their delivery and therapeutic applications". Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/21776/.

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Chen, Chi. "Engineering of inhalation aerosols combining theophylline and budesonide". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14072.

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In asthma therapy, the use of theophylline to prevent bronchial spasm and glucocorticoids to decrease inflammation is widely indicated. Apart from the acute asthma attack oral theophylline is treated for chronic therapy in order to minimize inflammation and to enhance the efficiency of corticosteroids and recover steroids’ anti-inflammatory actions in COPD treatment. The preferred application route for respiratory disease treatment is by inhalation, such as dry powder inhalers (DPI) being the delivery systems of first choice. As shown recently, there is an advantageous effect if the drugs are given simultaneously which is caused by a synergistic effect at the same target cell in the lung epithelia. Therefore, it seems rational to combine both substances in one particle. This type of particle has the advantage over a combination product containing both drugs in a physical mixture which occurs rather randomly deposition leading to API segregation and non-dose-uniformity. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is a type of therapeutic pharmaceutical formulations usually present in the solid form. Due to the nature of the solid-state, an understanding of chemical and physical properties must be established for acquiring optimum performance of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In recent year, generation of DPIs is a destructive procedure to meet the micron size. Such processes are inefficient and difficult to control. Moreover, according to current researches on combination APIs formulation, this type of DPIs performed a greater variability in does delivery of each active, leading to poor bioavailability and limit clinical efficient. This result suggest that combination formulations require advanced quality and functionality of particles with suitable physicochemical properties. Hence, in order to production of binary and combination DPIs products, the aim of this study was to develop the spray drying and ultrasonic process for engineering of combination drug particles that will be delivered more efficiently and independently of dose variations to the lung. Microparticles were produced by spray drying or/and ultrasonic technique. The processing parameters and addition of excipients (polymers) were optimized using a full factorial design such that microparticles were produced in a narrow size range suitable for inhalation. Employing excipients resulted in high saturation environment leading to minimized sphere particles when compared to conventional solvent. Solid state characterization of microparticles using powder x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the particles contained crystalline but no cocrystal. The combination particles comparable to or better than micronized drug when formulated as a powder blended with lactose. It was concluded that the use of HPMC enhanced crystallinity suitable for inhalation; and combination particles improved uniform distribution on the stage of NGI.
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Sherman, Jay Michael. "Inhalation exposure system for diesel exhaust particulates". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2844.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 112 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-112).
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Manby, Pedersen Kenneth. "Factors influencing the quality and quantity of continuous inhalation of aerosols : an in vitro study on mechanical ventilation /". Cph. : The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, 2004. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/Kennethmanbypedersen.htm.

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Li, Xiaojian. "MULTI-COMPONENT MICROPARTICULATE/NANOPARTICULATE DRY POWDER INHALATION AEROSOLS FOR TARGETED PULMONARY DELIVERY". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/31.

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The aim of the work was to design, manufacture, and characterize targeted multi-component dry powder aerosols of (non-destructive) mucolytic agent (mannitol), antimicrobial drug (tobramycin or azithromycin), and lung surfactant mimic phospholipids (DPPC:DPPG=4:1 in molar ratio). The targeted dry powder for inhalation formulation for deep lung delivery with a built-in rationale of specifically interfering several disease factors of chronic infection diseases in deep lungs such as cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and etc. The dry powder aerosols consisting of selected chemical agents in one single formulation was generated by using spray drying from organic solution. The physicochemical properties of multi-component dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation were characterized by a number of techniques. In addition, the in vitro aerosol dispersion performance, storage stability test, and in vitro drug release of selected spray-dried (SD) multi-component systems were conducted. The physicochemical study revealed that multi-component aerosol particles possessed essential particle properties suitable for deep lung delivery. In general, the multi-component particles (typically 0.5 to 2 µm) indicated that the designed SD aerosol particles could potentially penetrate deep lung regions (such as respiratory bronchiolar and alveolar regions) by sedimentation and diffusion, respectively. The essential particle properties including narrow size distribution, spherical particle and smooth surface morphologies, and low water content (or water vapor sorption) could potentially minimize interparticulate interactions. The study of in vitro aerosol dispersion performance showed that majority of SD multi-component aerosols exhibited low values (less than 5µm) of MMAD, high values (approximately above 30% up to 60.4%) of FPF, and high values (approximately above 90%) of ED, respectively. The storage stability study showed that azithromycin–incorporated multi-component aerosol particles stored at 11 and 40% RH with no partial crystallization were still suitable for deep lung delivery. Compared to SD pure azithromycin particles, the azithromycin-incorporated multi-component particles exhibited an enhanced initial release. The targeted microparticulate and nanoparticulate multi-component dry powder aerosol formulations with essential particle properties for deep lung pulmonary delivery were successfully produced by using spray drying from organic solution. The promising experimental data suggest the multi-component formulations could be further investigated in in vivo studies for the purpose of commercialization.
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Secondo, Lynn E. "Toxicological Inhalation Effects of Metal-Based Nanoparticle Aerosols as Studied by a Portable In Vitro Exposure Cassette". VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5705.

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The toxicology of aerosols in occupational settings is often performed through particle collection on a filter followed by reconstitution into cell culture media which can alter the biological effects. Current in vitro exposure systems require additional instruments to control temperature and humidity, making the system bulky and difficult to take to the field. The Portable In Vitro Exposure Cassette (PIVEC) was designed for personal monitoring, characterized using copper nanoparticles, tested with alveolar cells, and set-up for real-time monitoring. Three differently sized copper nanoparticles, 40-800 nm, were dispersed as a dry aerosol and measured gravimetrically and on a number concentration basis to determine the deposition efficiency of the PIVEC. A549 cells, a human alveolar adenocarcinoma epithelial line, were exposed to the aerosols and oxidative stress and cell viability were monitored post-exposure. The deposition efficiency ranged from 0.5% to 18% depending on method of analysis and size of particle. Oxidative stress increased within the first two hours post exposure, however there was no significant difference in cell viability at the four hour time point at deposited doses up to 1.63 mg/cm2. Validation of the PIVEC was done in the laboratory using diesel exhaust. Metal oxide fuel additives are used to reduce emissions; however, additives have been shown to increase emitted nanoparticles. The PIVEC was used to determine the potential cytotoxicity and oxidative activity changes in A549 cells after exposure to either model particles or exhaust generated with or without a commercial, nano-cerium oxide based additive. Acellular experiments suggest a correlation between the deposition and the type of fuel used for the newly designed PIVEC. Cellular results suggest a decrease in cytotoxicity and no statistically significant effect on reactive oxygen species generation with the use of the nano-cerium oxide additive. Rapid monitoring of oxidative stress was performed using an enzyme-based biosensor. The functionalized biosensor uses cytochrome c to measure reactive oxygen species through electrochemical detection during aerosol exposures. When compared to a traditional biological assay, the biosensor response was similar. The PIVEC is a unique device, designed to monitor aerosols using air-liquid interface in vitro techniques including a real-time monitor for oxidative stress.
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Pieretti, Luis F. "Characterization and Evaluation of Performance of a Whole-Body Human Exposure Chamber". Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3611.

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The purpose of this study was to characterize and evaluate the performance of a whole-body human exposure chamber for controlled test atmospheres of gases and particulates. The chamber was constructed from Plexiglass, has a volume of 75 ft 3, operated at a flowrate of 33.8 CFM, and both the makeup and exhaust air are HEPA filtered. Fly ash dust was generated using a Wright Dust Feeder. An elutriator was used to eliminate particles larger 8 μm aerodynamic diameter from the airstream. A direct reading instrument, the Rupprecht and Patashnick PM-10 TEOM, was used for determination of particle concentration. Particle size distributions were determined by a QCM cascade impactor. Data from gravimetric analysis were used to test for the evenness of dust concentrations in the chamber. CO2 is used as a representative gas and its concentration was measured using the Metrosonics aq-5000. Total dust concentrations as measured by the TEOM, in μg/m 3, at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.6 RPMs of the Wright Dust Feeder, were 110 + 2.8, 173 + 8.5, 398 + 20 and 550 + 17, respectively. For these RPMs, particle size distributions were associated with a MMD of 1.27 μm and a GSD of 2.35, a MMD of 1.39 and a GSD of 2.22, a MMD of 1.46 and a GSD of 2.08, a MMD of 1.15 and a GSD of 2.2, respectively. Total dust concentrations as measured by gravimetric analysis, in μg/m3 for the respirable fraction. Dust concentrations measured at different points within the chamber showed uniform distribution with a variability less than 10%. Similarly, the particle size distributions were found to be consistent across the different RPMs settings. Regarding carbon dioxide, its concentration was straightforward and the measured and theoretical maximum concentration levels were in agreement. The performance of this whole-body human exposure chamber has been characterized and evaluated for low levels of particles and gases and now it is a valuable research tool for inhalation challenge studies.
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Malapit, Monica y Evan Mallory. "In vitro aerodynamic analysis of co-spray dried fluticasone propionate (FP) and salmeterol xinafoate (SX) dry powder inhalation aerosols with lactose-alternative excipient". The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624206.

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Objectives: Milk protein allergy is estimated to affect 1.2% to as much as 17% of people of all ages. Advair® Diskus® (FP/SX) utilizes lactose as an excipient which limits the utility of this product for this population. Furthermore, Advair® Diskus® is formulated as an interactive physical mixture via a micronization process. Alternatively, spray dried engineering achieves narrow particle size distribution, allowing greater deposition in the targeted respiratory bronchioles. The purpose of this dry powder inhaler (DPI) study was to conduct an in vitro comparative analysis of the aerodynamic performance of a co-spray dried lactose-free formulation of FP/SX with a mannitol excipient as a molecular mixture versus the Advair® Diskus® 250/50 (FP/SX) interactive physical mixture product. Methods: Utilizing mannitol as an excipient, a co-spray dried FP/SX powder was prepared using the Buchi Mini-Spray Dryer B-290 under closed system configuration. The resulting feed solution was spray dried at pump rates of 25%, 50%, and 100% with all other parameters remaining constant (aspiration, atomization rate, nitrogen gas rate). The primary outcome measure, aerodynamic performance, was assessed using the Copley Next-Generation Impactor (NGI). NGI data for the DPIs was used to calculate mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), geometric standard deviation (GSD), and fine particle fraction (FPF) of each powder, including the Advair® Diskus®. Residual water content was quantified by Karl Fischer titration. Particle characteristics were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Results: FPF, MMAD, and GSD were calculated from NGI data; Wolfram Alpha software was used to calculate MMAD and GSD. T-test regression was used for comparative analysis of spray-dried and Advair® Diskus® powders. MMAD for each spray dried sample was analyzed using a t-test regression against the MMAD values from the Advair® Diskus®. Using aerodynamic analysis studies triplicated for each powder, there was no significant difference between the spray dried powder and Advair® Diskus® for MMAD and GSD (p-values >0.05). The 50% and 100% pump rate samples had similar FPF to the Advair® Diskus® (p-values >0.05). However, the 25% pump rate sample had a significantly improved FPF compared to the Advair® Diskus® (p <0.01). Conclusions: A co-spray-dried lactose-free formulation of FP/SX with a mannitol excipient demonstrated similar aerodynamic performance to the Advair® Diskus® which consists of a physical mixture of two drugs with lactose. Of significance, 25% pump rate spray-dry conditions demonstrated an improved FPF compared to the Advair® Diskus®.
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Libros sobre el tema "Inhalation Aerosols"

1

Hickey, Anthony J. y Heidi M. Mansour, eds. Inhalation Aerosols. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768.

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Ashurst, Ian Carl. Physicochemical characteristics of chlorofluorohydrocarbon based inhalation aerosols. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Pharmacy, 1985.

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Inhalation studies: Foundations and techniques. 2a ed. New York: Informa Healthcare USA, 2008.

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International Workshop on Aerosol Inhalation, Lung Transport, Deposition, and the Relation to the Environment: Recent Research Frontiers (1995 Warsaw, Poland). Aerosol inhalation, recent research frontiers: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Aerosol Inhalation, Lung Transport, Deposition, and the Relation to the Environment: Recent Research Frontiers, Warsaw, Poland, September 14-16, 1995. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Hickey, Anthony J. y Sandro R. P. da Rocha, eds. Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201.

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Marijnissen, J. C. M. y L. Gradoń, eds. Aerosol Inhalation: Recent Research Frontiers. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1694-4.

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Institute, Inhalation Toxicology Research. Publications of the ITRI Nuclear Toxicology Program 1960-1992. Albuquerque, NM: Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute, 1993.

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1955-, Hickey Anthony J. y SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Controlled Pulmonary Drug Delivery. New York, NY: Controlled Release Society, 2011.

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1954-, Martin Gary y Marriott Christopher 1944-, eds. Particulate interactions in dry powder formulations of inhalation. London: Taylor & Francis, 2001.

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Congress, European Respiratory Society. Inhalation therapy for pulmonary hypertension: The proceedings of a symposium held at the Annual Congress of the European Respiratory Society, Berlin, September 2001. Boca Raton: Parthenon Pub. Group, 2002.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Inhalation Aerosols"

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Shekunov, Boris. "Physicochemical properties of respiratory particles and formulations". En Inhalation Aerosols, 3–30. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-1.

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Sahakijpijarn, Sawittree, Jay I. Peters y Robert O. Williams. "Drug delivery in pulmonary aspergillosis". En Inhalation Aerosols, 167–85. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-10.

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Dhand, Rajiv. "Lung cancer inhalation therapeutics". En Inhalation Aerosols, 187–214. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-11.

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Sinha, Tejas, Paul Dejulio y Philip Diaz. "Inhaled therapeutics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". En Inhalation Aerosols, 215–22. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-12.

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Fiegel, Jennifer y Sachin Gharse. "Cystic fibrosis infection and biofilm busters". En Inhalation Aerosols, 223–37. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-13.

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Hagemeijer, Marne C., Gimano D. Amatngalim y Jeffrey M. Beekman. "Current and future CFTR therapeutics". En Inhalation Aerosols, 239–56. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-14.

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Schaefer, Alison y Samuel K. Lai. "Innate and adaptive barrier properties of airway mucus". En Inhalation Aerosols, 257–74. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-15.

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Damodaran, Ashvini, Dustin R. Fraidenburg y Israel Rubinstein. "Inhalational therapies for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis". En Inhalation Aerosols, 291–301. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-17.

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Muralidharan, Priya, Don Hayes y Heidi M. Mansour. "Pulmonary fibrosis". En Inhalation Aerosols, 303–12. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-18.

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Acosta, Maria F., Don Hayes, Jeffrey R. Fineman, Jason X. J. Yuan, Stephen M. Black y Heidi M. Mansour. "Therapeutics in pulmonary hypertension". En Inhalation Aerosols, 313–22. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768-19.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Inhalation Aerosols"

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Batiy, V. G., V. V. Derengovskiy, V. A. Kouz’menko, V. M. Rud’ko y A. A. Sizov. "Calculation of Inhalation Dose Received due to Work Implementation at “Shelter” Object". En ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1178.

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Abstract A method for calculation of internal irradiation due to radioactive dust and aerosols of the ChNPP ‘Shelter’ Object intake into a human body is proposed. It is shown, that despite the fact that alpha active substances bring a little contribution to total aerosol activity, it brings significant contribution into the internal irradiation. All components of the internal dose calculation are considered comprehensively. Resuspension factor on the basis of an experimental data inside ‘Shelter’ Object are given. Recommendations to correct inhalation dose calculation are made.
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Hamdaoui, Quentin, François Gaie-Levrel, Tatiana Macé, Sophie Vaslin-Reimann, Frédéric Flamant y Anna Bencsik. "Development and metrological characterization of an aerosol generation device dedicated to inhalation toxicology studies: the nanopesticide case". En 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), editado por Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201907002.

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Despite the controversies surrounding the potential health effects associated with engineered nanomaterials, novel agrochemicals combining nanotechnology and pesticides are emerging. These products, named nanopesticides, are being developed to improve the efficiency of conventional agrochemicals. However, they represent an intentional anthropogenic source of nanomaterials within the different environmental compartments which constitutes a possible exposure of agricultural populations notably via the aerosols generated by farming activities. The hazard related to this new type of contaminants must be assessed by using inhalation toxicology studies that are designed to reproduce the complexity of these aerosols exposure, in order to be relevant for human health studies. In the present article, we report an experimental strategy combining both the recommendations in animal experimentation and the OECD guidelines for chemicals testing. To explore the neurotoxicity linked with the chronic exposure to aerosols generated from a nanopesticide, we develop an original device dedicated to inhalation toxicology with rodents. Through this proof of concept study, our cross-disciplinary project aims at proposing a validated methodology to study the inhalation toxicity of complex formulations represented by nanopesticides.
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AUGUSTO, L. L. X., G. C. LOPES y J. A. S. GONÇALVES. "PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLS DEPOSITION DURING INHALATION, BREATH HOLDING AND EXHALATION USING CFD". En XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1489-19037-152591.

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Mendes, Pedro J., Joa˜o M. M. Sousa y Joa˜o F. Pinto. "A Virtual Apparatus for Design and Testing of New Drug Formulations and Devices for Inhalation Therapy". En ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38027.

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Delivery of drugs to the lungs as aerosols is regarded as an excellent route for local or systemic administration of drugs. Aerosols have been used traditionally for treating illnesses of the respiratory tract (e.g. asthma), but new perspectives and needs on inhalation therapy have recently emerged (e.g. insulin). The percentage of drug that reaches the targeted region, the so-called respirable fraction (RF), is in average only 30% of the dose provided to the patient. Thus, the development of more efficient formulations and devices remains an important issue.
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Dufour, Françoise y Gavin Davies. "Virtual Assessment of the Performance of an Inhalation Drug Delivery Device". En ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176368.

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Inhalation therapies are gaining popularity for both respiratory and non-respiratory therapies. However the challenge remains to achieve optimal drug delivery because of the complex interaction between inhaler devices, drug formulations along with patients’ coordination and physiology. In order to lower R&D costs and efforts, and understand better the mechanics of pharmaceutical aerosols, system designers are looking for comprehensive tools enabling them to reproduce virtual inhalation processes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques represent a non-invasive way of predicting the fate of inhaled medication from oral or nasal delivery devices. The object of this work is to apply CFD methodology to model the full inhalation mechanism, from the drug dispersion inside the device and delivery to the patient, to its journey within the respiratory tract.
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Kleinstreuer, C., P. W. Longest y Z. Zhang. "Theory of Two-Phase Biofluid Flow Dynamics and Selected Applications". En ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56560.

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Examples of two-phase flows in the human body include particle-hemodynamics in branching arteries and toxic/therapeutic air-particle mixtures in the respiratory system. In this review, the fundamentals of modeling dilute particle suspensions are presented with computer applications to the geometric design of bypass graft-ends and the prediction of local aerosol depositions in the human upper airways. For the latter project, aerosols in the nano- and micro-size ranges, solid and liquid particles as well as evaporating droplets are considered. Specifically, the particle-hemodynamics project deals with the prediction of aggravating two-phase flow events leading to arterial diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hyperplasia, and subsequently the design of bypass grafts mitigating post-operative complications. The lung-aerosol project requires accurate and realistic computations of laminar-to-turbulent airflows and toxic (or therapeutic) particle depositions in the human airways for two applications: dosimetry-and-health-effect assessments of toxic particles and optimal drug aerosol delivery by inhalation. Two-phase flow results from different case studies are presented.
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Crotty Alexander, L. E., S. A. Vitorino, A. Moshensky, J. Shin, J. Chien, J. Olay, S. Nilaad et al. "Inhalation of JUUL Aerosols and Flavor Choice Adversely Affects Inflammatory and Metabolic States". En American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a4182.

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Versteeg, Henk K., Graham K. Hargrave, Perry A. Genova, Robert C. Williams, Dan Deaton y Prashant Kakade. "Design Optimisation of Novel Pharmaceutical Actuator Using Optical Diagnostics". En ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58173.

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Pharmaceutical metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are drug delivery devices that are designed to produce self-propelled aerosols for inhalation therapies. Conventional MDI actuators use configurations based on a “two-orifice-and-sump” design. This promotes partial expansion of the propellant as a pre-atomisation stage. The final aerosol contains large numbers of respirable particles (1–5μm), but the aerosol plume velocity tends to be very high (50–100m/s). The KOS Vortex Nozzle Assembly (VNA) is an innovative actuator concept, which enables a measure of control of plume velocity. The device utilises a combination of a vortex chamber and a Bernoulli horn to reduce the plume velocity whilst increasing the respirable fraction of drug particles. The aerosol generation process in all MDIs, including the KOS VNA, inevitably leads to a certain amount of internal and external drug deposition, which represents an inefficiency of the drug delivery technology that can threaten dose uniformity. This paper reports the findings of an experimental study using optical diagnostics to investigate the primary atomization mechanism and external drug deposition in the VNA. High-speed video imaging is used to document the developing aerosol plume in the near-orifice and mouthpiece regions as well as the flow regime inside the vortex chamber using transparent versions of the VNA manufactured by means of rapid prototyping. We consider how the improved understanding of the flow processes resulting from this study supports measurements of fine-particle fractions and mouthpiece deposition. We also discuss how this type of fundamental investigation using optical diagnostics can be used to drive design improvements to identify VNA geometries with improved aerosol properties and reduced external drug deposition.
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Kim, Jinho y Jim S. Chen. "Effect of Inhaling Patterns on Aerosol Drug Delivery: CFD Simulation". En ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66685.

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Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols (IPAs) delivery has great potential in treatment of a variety of respiratory diseases, including asthma, pulmonary diseases, and allergies. Aerosol delivery has many advantages. It delivers medication directly to where it is needed and it is effective in much lower doses than required for oral administration. Currently, there are several types of IPA delivery systems, including pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), the dry powder inhaler (DPI), and the medical nebulizer. IPAs should be delivered deep into the respiratory system where the drug substance can be absorbed into blood through the capillaries via the alveoli. Researchers have proved that most aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameter of about 1–5 μm, if slowly and deeply inhaled, could be deposited in the peripheral regions that are rich in alveoli [1–3]. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of various inhaling rates with breath-holding pause on the aerosol deposition (Dp = 0.5–5 μm) in a human upper airway model extending from mouth to 3rd generation of trachea. The oral airway model is three dimensional and non-planar configurations. The dimensions of the model are adapted from a human cast. The air flow is assumed to be unsteady, laminar, and incompressible. The investigation is carried out by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using the software Fluent 6.2. The user-defined function (UDF) is employed to simulate the cyclic inspiratory flows for different IPA inhalation patterns. When an aerosol particle enters the mouth respiratory tract, its particles experience abrupt changes in direction. The secondary flow changes its direction as the airflow passes curvature. Intensity of the secondary flow is strong after first bend at pharynx and becomes weaker after larynx. In flow separation, a particle can be trapped and follow the eddy and deposit on the surface. Particle deposition fraction generally increases as particle size and inhaling airflow velocity increase.
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Hirn, Stephanie, Manuela Semmler-Behnke, Carsten Schleh, Martin Schäffler, Alexander Wenk, Neill Gibson, Uwe Holzwarth, Kamel Abbas y Wolfgang G. Kreyling. "Quantitative Biokinetics Study In Healthy Adult Rats Over 28 Days After Inhalation Of 20NM Titanium Dioxide (TIO2) Anatase Nanoparticles Aerosols". En American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2279.

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Informes sobre el tema "Inhalation Aerosols"

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Hoover, M. D., A. F. Fencl y G. J. Newton. Lessons learned from case studies of inhalation exposures of workers to radioactive aerosols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381354.

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Grose, Elaine C. y Judith A. Graham. Short-Term in Vitro Screening Studies Related to the Inhalation Toxicology of Potentially Toxic Aerosols. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada184815.

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Shinn, J. H. y D. N. Homan. Plutonium-aerosol emission rates and potential inhalation exposure during cleanup and treatment test at Area 11, Nevada Test Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5695267.

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