Bibliografías temáticas / Instrumental methodology

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Instrumental methodology"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 6 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Instrumental methodology"

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Rodríguez, Luis Cuadros, Ana M. García Campaña, Fermin Alés Barrero, Carlos Jiménez Linares y Manuel Román Ceba. "Validation of an Analytical Instrumental Method by Standard Addition Methodology". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 1995): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.2.471.

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Abstract A statistical procedure to validate an analytical methodology by standard addition methodology is described. The data set obtained in 3 calibration experiments with standard solutions, standard additions, and portions of sample is used. The accuracy of the analytical results is checked by comparison of analyte contents in the different calibrations and from the recovery. Mathematical expressions to estimate the statistical parameters are proposed. The statistical protocol has been applied to fluorimetric determination of molybdenum with alizarin S in vegetable tissues.
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Downing, Kenneth H. "Instrumentation and methodology for electron crystallography". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (agosto de 1991): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100086404.

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The determination of three-dimensional structures of macromolecules at atomic resolution remains one oμf the great promises of electron microscopy. Instrumental problems which had to be overcome in order to achieve single-atom resolution have long been recognized and to a large extent overcome. It is interesting to note that most of the instrumental developments were already incorporated in a microscope under construction over 20 years ago. However, the application of techniques to circumvent limitations imposed by the sensitivity of organic specimen to radiation damage are still developing. Electron crystallography, which takes advantage of the ability to obtain useful information from images taken at very low exposure, is close to realizing the potential. The state of electron crystallography has advanced rapidly during the last few years. The structure of one protein, bacteriorhodopsin, has been determined from EM data, and several other structures are advanced to the point of fitting the peptide chain to a high-resolution density map.
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Cabrerizo-Morales, Miguel Angel, M. C. Rodriguez-Sanchez, Joaquin Vaquero, Alberto Rodriguez-Moreno, Susana Borromeo y Rafael Molina-Sanchez. "New Methodology and Instrumental System for Floating Structures Monitoring and Analysis". IEEE Latin America Transactions 18, n.º 02 (febrero de 2019): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2019.9082261.

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Cabrerizo-Morales, Miguel Angel, M. C. Rodriguez-Sanchez, Joaquin Vaquero, Alberto Rodriguez-Moreno, Susana Borromeo y Rafael Molina-Sanchez. "New Methodology and Instrumental System for Floating Structures Monitoring and Analysis". IEEE Latin America Transactions 18, n.º 02 (febrero de 2020): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2020.9085303.

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Solohub, V. D. "Methodology of teaching professional disciplines for EPP “Instrumental and orchestra art”". Pedagogical sciences reality and perspectives, n.º 81 (2021): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series5.2021.81.40.

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Sitnikova, Ekaterina V., Elena N. Hmyrova y Dmitry S. Ozhigin. "METHODOLOGY OF INSTRUMENTAL CONTROL OF STABILITY OF QUARRY SLOPES USING GNSS TECHNOLOGIES". Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, n.º 1 (8 de julio de 2020): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-1-161-168.

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The article describes the methodology of instrumental monitoring of the stability of Karatemir open pit slopes using GNSS technologies. An iron ore deposit was selected to carry out the study. The exploitation of subsurface use facilities developed in an open way requires regular monitoring of the stability state of the instrument array. This is the main task for the safe and efficient operation of the entire field. The favorable conditions for conducting observations and the accuracy of satellite observations are also described. The analysis of the stability status of career slopes.
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Chammas, Cristiane Benedetti y José Mauro da Costa Hernandez. "Comparing transformational and instrumental leadership". Innovation & Management Review 16, n.º 2 (15 de mayo de 2019): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/inmr-08-2018-0064.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of transformational and instrumental leadership on the individual performance of the employee and the financial performance in Brazilian startups. Design/methodology/approach The adopted methodological construction strategy was structural equation modeling, with the purpose of applying the model to primary data collected from a sample of leaders of Brazilian startups (n = 126). Findings Results suggest that when leadership types are analyzed separately, both directly influence employee performance. Originality/value This study has four main contributions: to test the influence of the two leadership styles on employee performance and thus to help advance the theoretical understanding of leadership; to perform this test in the context of Brazilian startups; to equip professionals with more information about the effects of crucial leadership types on individual type of employee performance; and to expand knowledge for recruitment and managerial training in initial-stage companies.
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Liu, Haijian, Shandan Shi y Mo Zhang. "Is it purely instrumental?" Nankai Business Review International 9, n.º 4 (5 de noviembre de 2018): 540–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-01-2018-0004.

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Purpose This study mainly aims to examine whether entrepreneurs’ utilization of political connections is purely egoistic. Addressing this issue could shed light on traditional debate which concerns whether political connections still have strategic value at advanced stage of institutional transition today in China. Here, at the background of Chinese economic transformation, the utilization of political connections is studied, and a double-role model of the pro-self-mechanism and the pro-social mechanism between political connections and performance in China is put forward. Design/methodology/approach This study uses survey of questionnaires randomly from 363 entrepreneurs in Jiangsu, Anhui and Shandong Provinces of China and adopts the first stage and direct moderation model in examination. Findings The results show that there exists mediated mechanism of both pro-self and pro-social mechanism in the relationship between political connections and firm performance. The authors conclude that utilization of political connections is not only purely egoistic but also altruistic. So, both dark-side and bright-side mechanisms of political connections in China are of equal importance. In addition, the authors take into consideration of the contingency effects of institution, industry and firm-level factors of this moderation model. The pro-self and pro-social mechanisms have differences in terms of moderator-within and moderator-between comparisons of these three contingency effects. Among these comparisons, the pro-self-mediating mechanism is most sensitive to changes of institutional quality, whereas the pro-social mediating mechanism is most sensitive to the uncertainty of industry competition. Research limitations/implications This evidence furthermore verifies that the process of institutional transition is nonlinear and political connections still have strategic value in advanced stage of institutional transition today. Originality/value This study combines the dual perspectives of “give” and “take.” The former implies the pro-social motivation, while the latter implies the pro-self-motivation. Based on the framework of “resource-conduct-performance,” this study explores how these two mechanisms mediate the relationship between political ties and firm performance. In addition, the authors adopt the framework of “Strategy Tripod,” which was proposed by Peng et al. (2009) and examine the difference between pro-self and pro-social motivation at different level of institution environment improvement, industry dynamics and firm absorptive capacity.
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Breunig, Christoph. "SPECIFICATION TESTING IN NONPARAMETRIC INSTRUMENTAL QUANTILE REGRESSION". Econometric Theory 36, n.º 4 (7 de enero de 2020): 583–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466619000288.

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There are many environments in econometrics which require nonseparable modeling of a structural disturbance. In a nonseparable model with endogenous regressors, key conditions are validity of instrumental variables and monotonicity of the model in a scalar unobservable variable. Under these conditions the nonseparable model is equivalent to an instrumental quantile regression model. A failure of the key conditions, however, makes instrumental quantile regression potentially inconsistent. This article develops a methodology for testing the hypothesis whether the instrumental quantile regression model is correctly specified. Our test statistic is asymptotically normally distributed under correct specification and consistent against any alternative model. In addition, test statistics to justify the model simplification are established. Finite sample properties are examined in a Monte Carlo study and an empirical illustration is provided.
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Yarskaya, V. N. y N. S. Bozhok. "Methodology of Sociological Instrumentation in Modern Cultural Studies (Problem Statement)". Vestnik Povolzhskogo instituta upravleniya 21, n.º 3 (2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1682-2358-2021-3-62-69.

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The instrumentalism of sociology in the system of cultural studies as a scientific method on the example of the development of the culture of reconstructivism is considered. Cultural studies are presented as a direction accumulating the instrumental experience of sociology. Interdisciplinarity as a principle of scientific methodology assimilates the experience of various intellectual movements, problematization of the value content and social functions of culture, its diverse phenomena. The new possibilities of developing the culturological concept of temporalism are revealed.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Instrumental methodology"

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Gilmour, Nicola Ann. "An investigation of the coherence of instrumental accumulation, using a sculptural methodology". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2919.

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This thesis questions the coherence of modes of fabrication that introduce materials to a living context, in forms that resist the processes of biological change. In doing so this project explores the ideologies embedded in fabrication that have led to this current position. The implications of an accumulation of materials being recognized as an autonomous object, and treated as if they are detached from their environment are also expanded. The sculptural methodology used to undertake this investigation has used the feature of materiality and it’s behaviours, of both human fabrication and the living environment, as a means to explore processes outside the limitations of specialist human categories of knowledge. The vocabularies of dematerialization, expansion and relational exchange in the critique of sculpture, have provided a starting point to articulate what is implied or “mapped out but not socially recognized”1 by the structure of specialist categories. The practice-based work that has driven this project, documents an extension of sculptural fabrication, which incorporates the literal processes of growth and erosion, illustrating a radical inclusivity of all living phenomena. Engaging with fabrication through this plural and complex methodology allows for a new valuing that recognizes accumulation as a result of employing reductive specialist categories and as inherently problematic for complex living systems. This identifies coherent fabrication as that which merges its engagement with processes of biological change and utility for humans.
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Bergström, Sebastian. "Improvisation i tidig instrumentalundervisning". Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-1322.

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Uppsatsen handlar om förekomst av improvisation i tidig instrumentalundervisning på kultur- och musikskolor. Jag avsåg undersöka hur instrumentallärare beskriver sin undervisning, i vilken utsträckning de använder improvisation på lektionerna, genom att låta ett urval av lärare svara på frågor i en enkät. En annan del av arbetet bestod av att studera 25 pianoböcker som riktar sig till unga nybörjare. I dessa läromedel letade jag efter hur vanligt förekommande improvisationsmoment var. Det framgår av min enkät att användande av improvisation under lektionen varierar bland respondenterna. I min läromedelstudie visar det sig improvisationsmaterial vara relativt ovanligt och förekommer endast sporadiskt. Jag talar i uppsatsen också om hur improvisation kan integreras i instrumentalundervisningen med syfte att ge eleven rum för kreativitet och personlighet. Jag önskar att mitt arbete kan motivera lärare att låta sina elever improvisera på sina instrument för att öka spelglädjen och nå de positiva effekter improvisation kan ge.
This study aims to elucidate the presence of improvisation in early instrumental teaching in culture- and music schools. Two issues will be explored within this context. Firstly I intended to examine how instrumental teachers describe their teaching and the extent to which they use improvisation in class, by inviting a selection of teachers to answer a questionnaire. The second aspect of the work consisted of the study of 25 piano books for young beginners. In these teaching materials the presence and frequency of improvisational moments were examined. The results suggested that the use of improvisation during lessons varies between respondents. Furthermore, the findings from the study of piano books for young beginners demonstrate that improvising material is relatively rare and occurs only sporadically. Suggestions are made for how improvisation can be integrated into instrumental teaching to encourage students to develop creativity and personality in their music. It is hoped that this study can encourage teachers to support their students to improvise on their instruments. This would likely increase students’ creativity and achieve positive effects associated with improvisation.
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Woodward, Mark Stanton. "Fundamental studies and instrumental methodology in the mass spectrometric analysis of low-mass polymeric systems". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3973/.

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The analysis of polymer systems is a crucial field in modern petrochemicals and also other sectors of the chemical industry. This analysis stretches from simple mass measurement, to sample identification and structural studies. Mass spectrometry is one of a number of analytical fields that are used to investigate such samples, but it has been shown to have certain limitations for the routine analysis of polymers. Chapter one discusses the development of mass spectrometry and the progression that has led to the development of the methods of sample ionisation and separation that are most used today. It also discusses the field of polymer analysis and the other analytical techniques that are applied to such investigations in industry. Chapter two details the instrumentation used in this study and also the nature of the main samples that were investigated. Chapter three covers analysis by the technique of matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionisation which is the major mass spectrometric method currently for polymer analysis. Details of work investigating sample preparation arc given leading into a larger discussion of the mass biases that arise in such polymer analysis and a rationalisation of their causes. Chapter four details investigations of polymer analysis using an electrospray source on a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance instrument. The added complexity of charge states is discussed leading to further study of the mass and charge variations given by instrumental conditions. Chapter five presents a small body of work in the field of structural analysis by the technique of collision-induced dissociation. Work with buckministerfullerene and a range of ethoxylate polymers is given to demonstrate the capabilities of such analysis. Chapter six concludes the thesis with a discussion of the topics raised in the previous chapters and how they affect the use of mass spectrometry as a routine tool for the industrial analysis of polymeric systems.
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Ames, Michael Richard. "Development and application of a methodology for measuring atmospheric mercury by instrumental neutron activation analysis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36020.

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Maestrello, Dino. "Trompete: aspectos físicos e orgânicos da performance musical - proposta de atividade física para melhor desempenho e manutenção da performance". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27158/tde-31082015-134355/.

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A performance no trompete apresenta, além do contexto estético e musical, considerável componente físico, uma vez que o instrumento amplifica os sons \"produzidos\" pelo corpo. Neste ponto, o trabalho coordenado das diversas estruturas corporais (físicas e orgânicas) empregadas na execução do trompete exige do músico certo grau de desenvolvimento físico. O objetivo da pesquisa pauta-se na análise destas estruturas sobre uma proposta de atividades físicas, em sentido a manter e melhorar a performance no instrumento. Em um primeiro momento procura-se definir a atividade física em seu âmbito geral, benefícios, possibilidades de trabalho e atuação de profissionais. Tais conceitos são empregados posteriormente na análise dos diversos fatores utilizados no âmbito da performance, tais como a respiração, identificando as principais estruturas pulmonares e a respiração aplicada a performance; o \"aquecimento\" como preparação para atividade, com o exame de tradicionais estudos calistênicos; e a embocadura, desde pontos simples como dentes e ossos, até temas mais complexos como coluna de ar, vibração labial, vocalização e projeção. Todos estes temas sempre baseados em literatura e metodologia específicas do instrumento e de áreas congêneres ao assunto. A parte derradeira fica a cargo da pesquisa de campo, onde instrumentistas de sopro são questionados sobre diversos pontos do estudo/performance. Em linhas gerais, a análise demonstrou que 68% da população optam pela atividade física, e que 46% têm a mesma como forma de condicionamento para fins de saúde. Na parte específica dos instrumentos de sopro, os exercícios técnicos mais apontados são à respiração (35%), notas longas (17%) e a flexibilidade (11%). Dentre as exigências físicas mais proeminentes sobre a prática, a capacidade pulmonar é o ponto de maior consenso (53%), seguido da resistência muscular (21%). Após análise entre teoria, exemplos musicais e dados práticos coletados, conclui-se que atividade física auxilia na prática instrumental, em sentido a minimizar as exigências físicas impostas aos músicos. Apresenta-se em sequencia uma proposta de exercícios físicos baseada nos principais pontos utilizados no desempenho. Esta fica a critério de exercícios de alongamento, atividades aeróbicas (andar, correr, nadar) e ações de sobrecarga; nas questões específicas podem ser aplicados exercícios fonoaudiológicos simples e metodologia pertinente a cada instrumento.
The performance on the trumpet presents, besides the musical and aesthetics context, considerable physical component, considering the instrument as an amplifier of the sound \"produced\" by our body. At this point, the coordinated work of several body structures (physical and organic) employed on trumpet performance demands from the player high levels of physical development. The objective of this research denotes the analysis of these structures about a physical activities propose, in a way to maintain and improve trumpet\'s performance. First, we define physical activity in general focus; benefits, possibilities of work and professional attendance. The concepts explained before are now employed on the analysis of other factors, considering the performance environment, such as breathing, identifying main lung structures and the breathing process applied to performance; the \"warm-up\" as a preparation to the activity, with analysis of the traditional calisthenics exercises, the embouchedure, since simple points (teeth and bones) until more complex subjects like air column, lip vibration, vocalize and projection. Everything based on the specific methodology of the trumpet and related areas. The last part is presented by the public research, where wind players are interviewed about all aspects of performance and study. In general, the interview shows us that 68% of the population choose the physical activity, and 48% place it for health purpose. On the specific instrument themes, the most answered exercises are breathing (35%), long notes (17%) and flexibility (11%). About the main physical demanding on practice, the lung capacity is the point of consensus (53%), followed by muscular endurance (21%). After an explanation among points from theory, musical examples and collected dates from the interviews, we conclude the physical activity as a useful toll to decrease the physical demanding faced by the players. In such way we present a propose with physical exercises based on the main body functions employed on performance. It is based on stretching exercises, aerobic activities (walking, running, swimming) and weight-lifting actions; specific procedures of each instrument may be applied, as well simple speech science exercises.
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Procópio, Marcos Luís. "Poder e análise organizacional: rompendo os limites da racionalidade instrumental". Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2003. http://www.adm.ufba.br/publicacao/poder-analise-organizacional-rompendo-os-limites-racionalidade-instrumental.

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Este estudo procura questionar como algumas concepções teóricas do poder, presentes no campo dos estudos organizacionais, podem limitar a apreensão do fenômeno organizacional, devido à inevitável instrumentalização da relação social que elas presumem. Estas concepções são especialmente aquelas que atrelam o poder à capacidade estratégica do indivíduo (ou grupo) de realização de objetivos externos, às quais se dá, neste trabalho, o nome de “poder utilitário”. Partindo-se da premissa de que a teoria sobre o poder é um importante recurso para a atividade de pesquisa e reflexão acerca das organizações, o presente estudo pretende identificar outras concepções teóricas do poder, passíveis de aplicação à investigação organizacional, capazes de complementar aquelas que se baseiam na racionalidade instrumental. A metodologia escolhida para tal tarefa resume-se a um trabalho de revisão de literatura que envolve outros campos das ciências humanas, além do campo dos estudos organizacionais, como a sociologia, ciência política e filosofia. A aplicação destas concepções “alternativas” do poder à investigação das organizações visa a possibilitar uma mais completa compreensão da vida organizacional. Isso não significa, entretanto, que as concepções de poder baseadas nas premissas do utilitarismo sejam totalmente inapropriadas à análise organizacional. Como este estudo pretende demostrar, elas parecem estar adequadas, ao menos em parte, à análise de muitas formas organizacionais, especialmente as burocráticas. Entretanto, são concepções que parecem ser relativamente insuficientes à análise de outras formas organizacionais, onde as relações sociais são menos instrumentalizadas. No intuito de contribuir para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa no campo dos estudos organizacionais, mais especificamente, para o desenvolvimento da atividade empírica de análise organizacional, este trabalho procura trazer reflexões teóricas e metodológicas sobre o poder, úteis para a investigação de organizações burocratizadas ou não. Este trabalho está direcionado, desta forma, ao acadêmico, pesquisador e/ou observador, ocupado com a compreensão e reflexão acerca do fenômeno organizacional.
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Wu, Sherry C. (Sherry Chi-Yung). "Methodology for capturing and measuring dissolved mercury in natural waters using ion exchangers and instrumental neutron activation analysis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40217.

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Prezenszky, Bruno Cortegoso. "Coerência interna em pesquisas em Psicologia e contribuições à Educação : análise da produção no período de 2011-2015 no periódico Psicologia Escolar e Educacional". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9176.

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Subjects in present information society are required to master school content, skills and competencies. Such mastering must be assured by the education centers, what configures the instrumental dimension of school education. Throughout history, scientific knowledge production in the Psychology area has been contributing with research, practice, theory and policies in Education, but recently, there have been observed tensions in such relation, as well as a decrease in the presence of Psychology in the educational area. Also, recent studies have pointed out different problems related to scientific knowledge production in the educational area, such as lack of rigor, weak theoretical grounding and lack of consistency within a study. As an element that helps in analyzing the consistency of a study, here is proposed the internal methodological coherence, indicated by the coherence between the goals of a study, its method and its results. Given such elements, the present study aimed to identify, characterize and analyze recent academic production in Psychology as it relates to Education regarding contributions to teaching and instrumental learning, as of its production’s frequency, internal methodological coherence of scientific studies conducted and potential contributions to the educational field. It was searched, in the journal Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, articles produced between 2011 and 2015 that addressed the instrumental dimension of education (n=41), and it was conducted the analysis of 18 of them that explicitly indicated contributions to educations. It were identified their themes and educational level to which they referred, and the internal coherence of the studies between their aims, method and results. Contributions to the instrumental dimension of education indicated by the authors were also identified. The main results found include that the most frequent theme in the studies was reading and writing, and the most frequent educational level was basic education, whereas kindergarten and Youth and Adult Education were not mentioned in any paper. As of the methods used, eight research designs were identified, and the most frequent was the correlational design. The analysis indicated that, with few exceptions, studies show adequate usage of methods and coherence between proposed objectives, implemented method and results obtained in the analyzed studies, which may indicate quality of produced knowledge. The main contributions reported by the authors of the studies referred to teaching and learning of reading and writing.
O domínio de conteúdos escolares, habilidades e competências são demandas apresentadas aos sujeitos na atual sociedade da informação. Assim, esse domínio deve ser garantido pelos centros educacionais, configurando a dimensão instrumental da educação escolar. Historicamente a produção de conhecimento científico na área de psicologia tem contribuído com a pesquisa, a prática, a teoria e a política educacional, mas recentemente têm sido observadas tensões nessa relação, bem como a diminuição da presença da psicologia em pesquisas na área de educação. Além disso, estudos recentes têm apontado para problemas, relacionados à produção de conhecimento científico na área educacional, quanto ao rigor, ao embasamento teórico e à consistência de pesquisas. Como elemento que auxilia na análise da consistência de uma pesquisa, é proposta a coerência metodológica interna, composta pela coerência entre os objetivos, o método e os resultados de uma pesquisa. Considerando o exposto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar, caracterizar e analisar produção acadêmica atual no âmbito da Psicologia como área de conhecimento em relação à educação, no que se refere è contribuição ao ensino e à aprendizagem instrumental, em termos da frequência da produção de pesquisas, coerência metodológica interna de estudos científicos desenvolvidos e contribuições observadas ou potenciais destes estudos, para a prática educacional. Foi realizada busca no periódico Psicologia Escolar e Educacional entre os anos de 2011 e 2015 de artigos que abordassem a dimensão instrumental da educação (n=41), e feita a análise de 18 artigos que explicitamente indicavam contribuições para à educação. Foram caracterizadas suas temáticas e níveis educacionais a que se referiam e analisada a coerência interna dos trabalhos descritos a partir de seus objetivos, método e resultados. Também foram identificadas as contribuições à aprendizagem instrumental relatadas pelos autores. Como principais resultados foi identificado que a temática mais frequentemente estudada se referiu ao domínio da leitura e da escrita e o nível educacional mais frequentemente estudado foi o ensino fundamental, enquanto a educação infantil e a Educação de jovens e adultos não foram abordados nos artigos. Quanto aos métodos utilizados, foram identificados oito delineamentos utilizados, sendo o mais frequente o delineamento correlacional. A análise indicou que, de forma geral e com exceções pontuais, houve adequado domínio dos métodos e coerência entre os objetivos propostos, o método implementado e os resultados obtidos nos estudos analisados, sendo possível afirmar a adequação do conhecimento produzido. As principais contribuições relatadas pelos autores dos artigos se referiram ao ensino e à aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita.
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Masclans, Latorre Alba. "Estudi de les comunitats neolítiques de l’Horitzó dels Sepulcres de Fossa (nord-est de la península Ibèrica, c. 4.000-3.400 cal ANE) a partir de les anàlisis tecno-funcionals dels artefactes polits i bisellats". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458141.

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The present dissertation generates a new data corpus which makes it possible to resize and widen the current interpretative framework about the communities living in the North-East of the Iberian Peninsula around the turn of the fifth and fourth millennia Before Christ. The empirical foundation of this research is the analysis of polished and bevelled stone artefacts, found both in funerary and domestic contexts. In order to accomplish the goals of this research, it has been necessary to expand the use-wear analysis methodology and adapt it to the study of the kind of stones that are examined here through the development of extensive an experimental programme. The new data provides fresh insight into the raw material management, the technical choices and the productive processes in which the tools were employed by the studied Neolithic communities. The results of our research help us to understand and explain the documented variability from a sociological point of view
Aquesta tesi gener un nou corpus de dades que eixampla l’actual marc interpretatiu pel que fa a les comunitats que van viure al nord est de la Península Ibèrica entre el final del cinquè i principis del quart mil•lenni ANE. El fonament empíric d’aquesta investigació és l’anàlisi dels instruments de pedra polida i bisellada trobats en contextos funeraris i domèstics. En aquesta direcció ha estat necessari expandir la metodologia d’anàlisis funcional per tal d’adaptar-la a l’estudi del tipus de litologies examinades mitjançant el desenvolupament d’un ampli programa experimental. Les noves dades han permès conèixer en profunditat la gestió de les matèries primeres i el valor objectiu dels ítems estudiats així com els processos productius en els quals varen ésser utilitzats entre les societats Neolítiques. Aquests resultats ens han permès entendre i explicar la variabilitat documentada al registre des d’un punt de vista sociològic
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Iborra, Bernad María del Consuelo. "Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32953.

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Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron comparar el efecto de tres técnicas de cocción en varios vegetales y su selección para cada producto estudiado. Para ello, los trabajos realizados han considerado los cambios en las propiedades físico-químicas, nutricionales, sensoriales y la microestructura. Asimismo, como respuesta al reto de aplicar tratamientos equivalentes en firmeza con diferentes técnicas de cocción se ha propuesto una metodología que combina los diseños experimentales de superficie respuesta (RSM) con análisis instrumentales y sensoriales. Los tratamientos térmicos estudiados fueron la cocción tradicional (TC¿ agua hirviendo a 100 °C) junto con dos tratamientos que utilizan el vacío en el procesado: el cook-vide (CV¿ cocción a vacío continuo donde los alimentos están en contacto con agua hirviendo a baja presión) y el sous-vide (SV¿ cocción de alimentos previamente embolsados a vacío donde el alimento está separado del agua de cocción). Los vegetales objeto de estudio fueron la patata morada (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte), la judía verde (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Estefania), la zanahoria (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantesa) y la col lombarda (o repollo colorado) (Brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata f. rubra). Considerando muestras con firmeza instrumental similar y las propiedades nutricionales y sensoriales (especialmente aroma y sabor), incluyendo la aceptación del consumidor, se recomienda la cocción SV para los vegetales estudiados, excepto para la zanahoria. En el caso de este vegetal el cocinado tradicional (100 °C) mantiene la aceptabilidad del consumidor y aumenta la extracción de los ß-carotenos por lo que se considera más recomendable que el SV.
Iborra Bernad, MDC. (2013). Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32953
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Libros sobre el tema "Instrumental methodology"

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Phonetic data analysis: An introduction to fieldwork and instrumental techniques. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2003.

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Travi, Bibiana. La dimensión técnico-instrumental en trabajo social: La entrevista, la observación, el registro y el informe social. Buenos Aires: Espacio Editorial, 2006.

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Bagchus, R. Waardevolle instrumenten: De totstandkoming van beleidsinstrumenten als plicht, ritueel en zoektocht naar legitimiteit. Delft: Eburon, 1996.

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Surface and Borehole Geophysical Methods and Ground Water Instrumentation Conference and Exposition (1986 Denver, Colo.). Proceedings of the Surface and Borehole Geophysical Methods and Ground Water Instrumentation Conference and Exposition: October 15-17, 1986, Denver Colorado. Dublin, Ohio: National Water Well Association, 1987.

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Stencel, Robert E., Michelle J. Creech-Eakman y J. A. Guzik. Resolving the future of astronomy with long-baseline interferometry: Proceedings of a conference held at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA, 28-31 March 2011. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2014.

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The new eyes of the scientist. New York: Watts, 1988.

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Optical spectroscopy: Methods and instrumentations. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005.

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Standard methods of geophysical formation evaluation. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1998.

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Norrback, Johan. A passable and good temperament: A new methodology for studying tuning and temperament in organ music. Göteborg: Göteborg University, Dept. of Musicology, 2002.

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Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology. Contamination Control Division recommended practice 041.1: IEST-RP-CC014.1 : calibration and characterization of optical airborne particle counters. Rolling Meadows, IL: Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2006.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Instrumental methodology"

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Andonov, Sasho. "FTA for Instrumental Landing System (ILS)". En Bowtie Methodology, 113–28. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315158853-8.

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Hinckfuss, Ian. "Instrumental Theories: Possibilities and Space and Time". En Natural Kinds, Laws of Nature and Scientific Methodology, 187–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8607-8_11.

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Gomm, Roger. "Instruments and Instrument Design". En Social Research Methodology, 24–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-22911-2_2.

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Nishimoto, Hiroyuki, Tomoyoshi Koyanagi, Makoto Sarata, Ayae Kinoshita y Mitsukazu Okuda. "“Memes” UX-Design Methodology Based on Cognitive Science Regarding Instrumental Activities of Daily Living". En Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. Healthcare Applications, 264–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22219-2_20.

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Suaste-Gómez, E., R. Mora-Martínez, E. Villareal-Calva y A. S. Sánchez-Sánchez. "Instrumental Methodology for the Measurement of the Pupil Cycle Time Using a Chromatic Slit Lamp". En VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014, 20–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13117-7_6.

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Mossel, D. A. A., C. M. L. Marengo y C. B. Struijk. "History of and prospects for rapid and instrumental methodology for the microbiological examination of foods". En Rapid Analysis Techniques in Food Microbiology, 1–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2662-9_1.

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Ancellet, Gerard y Jens Bösenberg. "Methodology". En Instrument Development for Atmospheric Research and Monitoring, 7–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03405-7_2.

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Grabowski, Kirby C. y Saerhim Oh. "Reliability Analysis of Instruments and Data Coding". En The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Linguistics Research Methodology, 541–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59900-1_24.

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Tietje, Christian y Vinzenz Sacher. "The New Anti-Dumping Methodology of the European Union: A Breach of WTO Law?" En The Future of Trade Defence Instruments, 89–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95306-9_5.

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Tang, Chu-hua, Jie Chen y Wei Chen. "The Methodology to Compensate Ex-core Nuclear Instrument Signal by In-core Nuclear Instrument Signal". En Proceedings of The 20th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference, 329–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2314-9_28.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Instrumental methodology"

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Bezerra, R. C., E. L. Kowalski, F. W. S. Conceicao, J. M. T. Teixeira y O. G. Santos Filho. "Instrumental Inspection Methodology to Evaluate Corrosion in Transmission Line Glass Insulator Metallic Pins". En 2018 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve.2018.8642079.

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Gomez-Soriano, Josep, Ricardo Novella, Jorge García-Tíscar y Carlos Micó. "Improving the specific instrumental soft skill of Aerospace Engineers through a lab experience". En INNODOCT 2020. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2020.2020.11892.

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This paper proposes an educational methodology for the development of the specific instrumental soft skill in Aerospace Engineering degree students. This methodology uses an autonomous and active learning approach to measure, through two different techniques, the local flow velocities around a circular cylinder in a subsonic wind tunnel. The students are directly involved in the complete measuring procedure through practical sessions in a lab, applying directly Hot-Wire Anemometry (HWA) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques, and reporting the analysis of the results after the corresponding data processing. Results show that the proposed lab-based methodology is well received by the students whereas the objective evaluation demonstrates its potential to improve the specific instrumental soft skill acquisition.
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Jung, Se-Kwon, Joseph Harrold y Nawar Alchaar. "Load Combination Reduction Methodology for the US EPR™ Standard Nuclear Power Plant". En ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78369.

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The Safety-Related structures of the U.S. EPR™ Standard Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) predominantly consist of reinforced concrete shear walls and slabs; thus they are typically modeled using shell finite elements and analyzed and designed for a large number of applicable load combinations. This paper presents a load combination reduction methodology that has been specifically developed for and applied to these types of structural elements in order to methodically reduce the full set of applicable load combinations to a manageable sub-set of load combinations, termed “controlling load combinations” for structural design purposes. Load combination reduction criteria involve code-specified section capacities (i.e., allowables), structural demands (i.e., forces and moments), and demand-to-capacity ratios (DCR) as complemented by reinforcing ratios. For a particular Safety-Related structure or portions thereof, the controlling load combination produces the most demanding forces and moments relative to design allowables in accordance with applicable codes and standards for reinforced concrete design, resulting in the highest DCR among all applicable load combinations. To facilitate the load combination reduction process, portions or segments of a particular Safety-Related structure that are in close proximity and thereby most likely to be designed for a common reinforcement pattern are identified and grouped as a single design component and termed an “evaluation level component.” It is demonstrated that the load combination reduction methodology developed herein is instrumental in narrowing down numerous applicable load combinations to a sub-set of controlling load combinations for the U.S. EPR™ Nuclear Island Safety-Related structures.
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Yang, Kuo y Pingen Chen. "Model Predictive Air-Fuel Ratio Control for an Integrated Gasoline Engine and Three-Way Catalytic Converter System". En ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9072.

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With increasingly demanding regulations on engine emission and fuel efficiency, the optimization of the internal combustion engine and the after-treatment integrated system has become a critical research focus. To address such an issue, this paper aims to achieve a better trade-off between the fuel consumption of a spark-ignited (SI) engine and emission conversion efficiencies of a Three-Way Catalytic converter (TWC) system. A Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based integrated engine and TWC control methodology is presented, which is able to optimize Air/Fuel Ratio (AFR) to maintain oxygen storage of TWC at a desired level and thus meet the tailpipe NOx, CO and HC emission requirements. The effectiveness of the presented control methodology is validated in simulation. Compared with the existing dithering-based AFR control, the proposed MPC-based AFR control can improve CO emission conversion efficiencies by 8.42% and 4.85% in simplified US06 and UDDS driving cycles, respectively. At the same time, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) conversion efficiency maintains above the required limit of 95% and the fuel efficiency remains at the same level as the existing control methodology in production as well. Such an integrated engine-aftertreatment system control can be instrumental in improving engine efficiency and emission reduction performance.
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Kumar, Rajesh, Aditya Jain y Jitendra P. Khatait. "Optimal Reaction Wrench Measuring Platform". En ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87057.

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Measurement of the reaction forces and moments (general wrench) are instrumental in the development stage of a product. Currently available measurement setups have varying ranges in different directions. The range of the device is limited to least stiff direction. The optimal use of load cell for predicted force/moment bounds is based on utilizing the system efficiently in different directions. We have presented a methodology to optimize the measurement setup based on directional stiffness behavior. The technique is coupled to design of load cell based on the characteristic structure of “Stewart platform”. The optimization function proposed allows the designer to design a measurement setup for a bound of the reaction force/moment. Additionally, the nonlinearities like friction and issue of loose joints due to relative motion at the passive joints are avoided. The improvement comes from replacement of the mechanical joints by kinematically constrained flexures.
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Karymshakov, Kamalbek, Raziya Abdiyeva y Burulcha Sulaimanova. "Worker’s Remittances and Poverty in Kyrgyzstan". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00888.

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This paper aims to evaluate the impact of internal and international remittances on poverty in Kyrgyzstan using household survey data for 2011. Following Adams and Cuecuecha (2010) two-stage multinomial logit model suggested by Bourguigon et al. (2007) is used. Methodology use instrumental variables to solve the selectivity bias issue and then estimates counterfactual expenditure of households. Households are classified as international remittance receiving, internal remittance receiving and remittance non-receiving. For evaluation of remittances impact on poverty counterfactual expenditures are compared with observed actual expenditure by household types. Expenditure level for 2011 for definition of national poverty line in Kyrgyzstan is used as the benchmark for poverty impact of remittances. Results show that international remittances considerably decrease poverty level. Per capita expenditure of international remittance receiving households would be lower than expenditure of poverty line for 2011, if they did not receive remittances. Internal remittance receiving households also would decrease expenditures, but it would still be higher than poverty line.
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Thomassin, Magalie y Rachid Malti. "Multivariable Identification of Continuous-Time Fractional System". En ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86975.

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This paper presents two subspace-based methods, from the MOESP (MIMO output-error state space) family, for state-space identification of continuous-time fractional commensurate models from sampled input-output data. The methodology used in this paper involves a continuous-time fractional operator allowing to reformulate the problem so that the state-space matrices can be estimated with conventional discrete-time subspace techniques based on QR and singular value decompositions. The first method is a deterministic one whereas the second approach takes place in a stochastic context. The performance of both methods is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulations at various signal-to-noise ratios. The deterministic method leads, as expected, to biased estimates. This bias is removed in the stochastic method by the use of an instrumental variable. As compared to rational systems, the commensurate differentiation order must be estimated besides the state-space matrices which is done using nonlinear programming. This is the first work developed for multi-input multi-output system identification using fractional models.
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Mettlach, Gregory A. y Ashok Midha. "Multiple-Segment-Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model Concept in Compliant Mechanism Design and Analysis". En ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14148.

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Abstract The concept of a pseudo-rigid-body model for a flexible member proven very instrumental in the design and analysis of compliant mechanisms. It provides a means by which a compliant mechanism may be modeled as an equivalent pseudo-rigid-body mechanism. This makes it possible for compliant mechanisms to be analyzed and designed using a wealth of existing methods for rigid-body mechanisms. Oftentimes, however, it is not possible to model a compliant member with a typical pseudo-rigid-body model. This may be due to a force or displacement boundary condition applied to a compliant member at a point other than the beam end. For situations such as these, a planar, multiple-segment pseudo-rigid-body model concept is introduced which allows arbitrary beam type compliant members, regardless of geometry, loading, or boundary conditions, to be modeled as an assemblage of rigid members with torsional springs at characteristic pivots. This methodology enables existing analysis and synthesis methods to be applied in the design of complex compliant mechanisms.
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Yansheng, Zhang, Chen Jianhui y Jin Jianhui. "Implementation of hierarchical design for testability methodology". En Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2009.5274852.

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Sergent, Emmanuel, Jaap De Wilde, Richard Harrisson y Yann Helle. "Vortex Induced Vibration of the GAP Bundle: From Selection of Flow Lines Arrangement to VIV Fatigue Analysis". En ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57538.

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MURPHY Sabah Oil Co. Ltd. is developing the Kikeh Field located offshore Malaysia in the South China Sea in a water depth of 1325m. This field development is based on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) and a Spar Dry Tree Unit (DTU). Fluids will be transported in fluid transfer lines (FTL) using SBM’s newly developed and patented Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) system to support a horizontal neutrally buoyant bundle of flow lines between two moored floaters. A mid-water bundle, comprising a carrier pipe, four flow lines and an umbilical, in a transverse current may experience Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV). This is a well-known phenomenon for a circular cylinder. Much less is understood however for a bundle arrangement. The methodology put in place to assess risks of VIV will be presented. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been instrumental in defining the bundle arrangement minimizing the VIV amplitude. Two-dimensional model tests have been performed at a scale of 1/5 at MARIN facilities with the selected bundle configuration. In these experiments, a rigid bundle was subjected to controlled motions (towing and/or forced vertical oscillations). The salient results will be presented. Finally, a VIV fatigue analysis was performed using Shear 7 based on the results derived from the 2D model tests.
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Informes sobre el tema "Instrumental methodology"

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Linhares Pires, Jose Claudio, Gunnar Gotz, Diego Del Pilar, Stefania De Santis, Ruben Lamdany, Nadia Ramírez y Kai Preugschat. Approach Paper: Evaluation of Guarantee Instruments at the IDB Group. Inter-American Development Bank, julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003351.

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This approach paper defines the objectives, scope, and methodology for the Office of Evaluation and Oversight's (OVE) evaluation of guarantee instruments at the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDB Group). The objective of the evaluation is to assess what role IDB Group guarantees have played in supporting its clients and to explore whether guarantees could play a more prominent role going forward and to draw lessons and recommendations.
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Mayas, Magda. Creating with timbre. Norges Musikkhøgskole, agosto de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.686088.

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Unfolding processes of timbre and memory in improvisational piano performance This exposition is an introduction to my research and practice as a pianist, in which I unfold processes of timbre and memory in improvised music from a performer’s perspective. Timbre is often understood as a purely sonic perceptual phenomenon. However, this is not in accordance with a site-specific improvisational practice with changing spatial circumstances impacting the listening experience, nor does it take into account the agency of the instrument and objects used or the performer’s movements and gestures. In my practice, I have found a concept as part of the creating process in improvised music which has compelling potential: Timbre orchestration. My research takes the many and complex aspects of a performance environment into account and offers an extended understanding of timbre, which embraces spatial, material and bodily aspects of sound in improvised music performance. The investigative projects described in this exposition offer a methodology to explore timbral improvisational processes integrated into my practice, which is further extended through collaborations with sound engineers, an instrument builder and a choreographer: -experiments in amplification and recording, resulting in Memory piece, a series of works for amplified piano and multichannel playback - Piano mapping, a performance approach, with a custom-built device for live spatialization as means to expand and deepen spatio-timbral relationships; - Accretion, a project with choreographer Toby Kassell for three grand pianos and a pianist, where gestural approaches are used to activate and compose timbre in space. Together, the projects explore memory as a structural, reflective and performative tool and the creation of performing and listening modes as integrated parts of timbre orchestration. Orchestration and choreography of timbre turn into an open and hybrid compositional approach, which can be applied to various contexts, engaging with dynamic relationships and re-configuring them.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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