Bibliografías temáticas / International economic integration. Trade blocs

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "International economic integration. Trade blocs"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 6 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "International economic integration. Trade blocs"

Adekomi, D. A. y C. O. Alebiosu. "Nigeria’s development process, methodology and milestones planned for VISION 20:2020 - 13 years after". Research Journal of Health Sciences 9, n.º 2 (13 de abril de 2021): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v9i2.11.

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Regional and international economic integration Regional economic integration has helped many countries of the world to concentrate on issues that are essential to their development as well as encourage local, national, and international trade between countries and neighbors. In the past years, there has been increase in trading blocs with numerous agreements in place and more in the pipeline(s). These agreements provide more opportunities for countries to interact and trade with one another without barriers to investment and trade. This manuscript discusses regional and international economic integrations in line with VISION-20-20 and the Nigeria economy. Keywords: Trade, investment, money, economic goals, Africa

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Garman, George, Janis Petersen y Debora Gilliard. "Economic Integration In The Americas: 1975-1992". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 14, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v14i3.5698.

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<span>Latin American countries renewed their interest in regional trading blocs during the 1980s. According to Salgado, this renewed interest took the form of two phases: 1984-87, and from 1986 on. This paper uses a gravity equation to examine Latin American and Caribbean trade flows to ascertain the effectiveness of the Central American Common Market, Andean Pack and Latin American Integration Association, and to identify the factors affecting Latin American integration. Geographic distances are adjusted for the level of infrastructure development in an attempt to better proxy economic distance. A Chow Test is used to test for Salgados two phases.</span>

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Nagel, Daniel y Sorin Burnete. "Faults of the International Trade System: the Notion of Multilateralism in the Retreat". Human and Social Studies 7, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2018): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0023.

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Abstract The indisputable success of the European integration project also prompted other regions of the world to follow suit. On the other side of coin, these regional blocs cultivated free trade within but remained protectionist vis-àvis the outside, thereby impeding the progress of the multilateral trade system. But also the soaring number of WTO member states accompanied by their incompatible interests, its ambitious agenda spanning over 20 diverse issues and, in particular, the single undertaking approach emerged as the Doha’s Round “stumbling blocks”. The utter dismay over the Doha’s Round deadlock has provoked countries to opt for alternative for a outside the WTO in their endeavor to expedite far-reaching trade liberalization. Besides the vast economic growth in Asia and the rise of international production networks, this urge for deeper integration represents one of the central root causes for the most recent wave of PTAs which has been gathering force over the course of the 21st century and increasingly puts the WTO’s raison d’être under critical scrutiny.

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Kohler, Wilhelm. "Die Osterweiterung der EU aus der Sicht bestehender Mitgliedsländer: Was lehrt uns die Theorie der ökonomischen Integration?" Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 1, n.º 2 (mayo de 2000): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2516.00008.

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Abstract Eastern enlargement will be costly to incumbent EU countries, as the new members will all be net recipients of EU funds. A balanced view requires that the gains from integration be set against this cost. Drawing on established theories of economic integration, this paper first identifies typical fallacies present in policyoriented thinking about gains from trade liberalization and the role of preferential trading blocs like the EU. Using detailed data on east-west trade for each of the present member states, as well as the relevant trade barriers of the EU and applicant countries, it then presents empirical estimates on the likely orders of magnitude for integration gains. Comparing these to country-specific estimates of the fiscal burden from enlargement, it identifies likely winner and loser countries.

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Safronova, I. A. "THE VALUE CHAINS OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AS FACTOR OF FORMATION OF THE REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n.º 6(51) (28 de diciembre de 2016): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-6-51-125-135.

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This article analyzes the value chain of high-tech products in Asia and the role of this phenomenon in the further consolidation of trade blocs and alliances in the region. The presence of these chains and their gradual transition from a vertically integrated model to a system of horizontal linkages and interdependence leads to the formation of mechanisms of economic de-facto integration (so-called regionalization process). The East Asian region has demonstrated unprecedented high rates of economic growth in recent decades. The countries are actively developing mechanisms of multilateral cooperation, involving partners from across the Asia-Pacific region. Particular features of a new regional architecture of economic relations are becoming more tangible, and the essential element of this architecture is the intra-regional integration. The author presents an assessment of further developments of the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) using the structural-functional approach and analytical instruments of the international political economy, The creation of this trade block will help less advanced countries of ASEAN to accelerate economic growth and improve the conditions for integration into global value chains. For advanced economies, participation in the RCEP seems controversial, because production chains have well-established formats within the framework of ASEAN +. The political standoff between Washington and Beijing has an impact on dynamics of regional integration. The split among the East Asian countries was galvanized by the Trans-Pacific Partnership Project (TTP), because TPP has objectives that are very similar to those of RCEP (trade liberalization and economic integration). The author concludes that the extension of this partnership in the ASEAN countries can seriously complicate the operation RVEP and enhance the impact of political factors on economic cooperation. In this case, the value of production and supply chains of high-tech products will decline, which may affect the economic cooperation in the region as a whole.

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Houngbedji, Marc. "The New Regionalism in the Developing World: Case Studies of the ASEAN Free Trade Area and the UEMOA Common Market". International Studies Review 9, n.º 1 (8 de octubre de 2008): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-00901004.

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This article examines the dynamics at regional level that have been influencing and shaping the course of regional integration processes in Southeast Asia and West Africa since the early 1990s. The winding down of the Cold War led to a revival of interest in regional arrangements elsewhere, especially in many parts of the developing world, where regional economic blocs have been emerging while efforts to strengthen the existing ones have been going on. Using the particular case studies of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (ATTA) and the UEMOA Common Market (CM), this paper argues that beyond the direct impact of the proliferation of regional blocs elsewhere and the dynamic effects of globalization, which induce tight competition for production locations, trade shares, stock market capital and foreign direct investment (FDI), the adoption, acceleration and consolidation of the AFT A and UEMOA CM schemes, mostly respond to the necessity to balance the FDI diverting effects and the growing ascent of China and Nigeria emerging as regional powers. The logic of balance-of-power and the imperious necessity to get regional and international visibility in the globalizing world induced ASEAN and UEMOA leaders to undertake important regional integrative initiatives and policies conducive to create a single and competitive regional bloc, respectively within Southeast Asia and West Africa.

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Razić, Sanel y Merim Kasumović. "MACROECONOMIC STABILITY OF NEW MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: FIFTH ENLARGEMENT". ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА ЕКОНОМСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА У ИСТОЧНОМ САРАЈЕВУ 8, n.º 19 (10 de febrero de 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/zrefis1919055r.

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The historical context of globalization as an organized process, which influenced the majority of national economies linked via international institutional mediators, led to the so called regional economic integration phenomenon. It is interpreted as the efforts of underdeveloped and developing countries to speed up their economic growth and more significantly impact the entire macroeconomic stability by means of some form of regional integration. Nowadays, regional economic integration is one of the pillars for proper functioning of modern economic relations. Experience of developed countries serves as an example to point out that integration processes inevitably contribute to more favorable environment for developing business sector in the countries striving for integration. In the context of global integrations, more frequent forms of regional changes and the establishment of trade blocks come as the consequence as well as the overall need for obtaining trade balance among national economies. Within this context, the European Union is seen as one of the most important regional integration and an imperative in economic, political and cultural segment, as it is the territory with significant economic growth and the region with high living standards.

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Ozekhome, Hassan. "International Trade Costs and Trade Flows: Evidence from the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ)". Finance & Economics Review 2, n.º 1 (22 de mayo de 2020): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i1.80.

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Purpose: The study examines the effect of international trade costs on trade flows in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), a sub-regional economic bloc within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Method: Six member countries of the WAMZ, based on data availability, are examined using panel data estimation technique and the Fully Modified Ordinary Least squares (FMOLS), which is employed to test for the robustness of results, for the sample period of 2006-2018. Results: The study finds a negative and significant effect of international trade costs on trade flows in the WAMZ sub-region. Time to trade is also found to be negatively and significantly related to trade. Exchange rate, financial development (measured by commercial banks' credit to the private sector), and real GDP growth rate (a measure of growth in annual national income/economic size) have a positive and significant impact on trade in the sub-region. The study further finds evidence that the ease of doing business is positively related to trade in the sub-region, but the impact is weak. Implications: In the light of the empirical findings, the study recommends that policy measures and strategies to reduce international trade costs and time to trade through simplified and harmonized trade procedures be implemented in the sub-region. Policies to encourage domestic investment (i.e increase capital stock) and rapid development of the financial sector should also be implemented. These should be supported with sound and stable macroeconomic exchange rate management policies, in order to enhance trade and integration in the sub-region.

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Shiolashvili, Giorgi. "Foreign trade of Georgia in the context of the development of integration processes". RUDN Journal of Economics 28, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2020-28-2-367-384.

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The article researches the development of foreign trade in goods of Georgia in the context of the country's participation in international integration processes from the mid-1990s to the present. The evolution and features of Georgias participation in such integration organizations and projects as the Commonwealth of Independent States, GUAM, the Eastern Partnership of European Union, as well as interaction with the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union are examined. Based on a detailed analysis of the dynamics, commodity and geographical structure of Georgias foreign trade in goods in the long term period, the article substantiates the conclusion that the participation of Georgia in the Free Trade Agreements, as well as trade liberalization carried out in integration blocks, have practically no effect to change the exportimport flows of the country, and do not lead to an increase in foreign trade with the member countries of the integrations. The most significant factors that determine Georgias foreign trade and its trends are the country's geographical location and the level of the transport infrastructure development, the implementation of large-scale transport and logistics projects in the region, external financing provided to the country by international and regional organizations, foreign countries, on a credit and grant basis.

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Saayman, Andrea, Paolo Figini y Silvio Cassella. "The influence of formal trade agreements and informal economic cooperation on international tourism flows". Tourism Economics 22, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2016): 1274–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816616672600.

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This article aims to contribute to the literature on the effects of trade bloc formation and plurilateral economic cooperation on international tourism flows. This research expands previous findings in the number of countries (58) and types of agreements (formal and informal, global and regional) under investigation in order to (i) capture the effect of both formal trade agreements and plurilateral economic integration on bilateral tourism flows; (ii) test the robustness of previous findings through the use of alternative econometric specifications, estimation techniques and measurement of tourism flows. In this respect, an important feature of this research is the introduction of ‘total tourism’, corresponding to the ‘total trade’ variable in trade studies, as an alternative dependent variable in the specification of the gravity model used throughout the article.

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Tesis sobre el tema "International economic integration. Trade blocs"

Mamkeli, Xolani. "Regional intergration: the impact of a one stop border post between South Africa and Mozabique in enhancing trade facilitation". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016263.

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The Ressano Garcia Border Post on the Mozambique side and the Lebombo Border post on the South African side represent the link between two of the three Maputo Corridor countries that receives the largest amount of freight traffic along the Corridor. The link has been identified as a major obstacle to the free movement of goods. As a result the process of the establishment of a One Stop Border Post was mooted by the former president Thabo Mbeki and his counter-part in Mozambique Mr. Joaquim Chissano in a bilateral agreement between these two countries. The reasons for these developments are prompted by the protracted problems that have beset intra-regional trade. For example, transport infrastructure in the region imposes significant costs on intra-regional and regional trade transactions. Long delays at border posts add to the intra-regional trade costs. The requirements by the 1996 SADC trade protocol, the basis of the FTA — that member states eliminate non-tariff barriers — poses special problems as it represents different things to different SADC member states. Addressing the SADC summit on 16 August 2006, the then South African President Thabo Mbeki said “the launch of the FTA was much more than a simple acknowledgement that the majority of traded goods in the region are duty-free. Rather we should view the achievement of this milestone as a major step towards addressing the fundamental challenges of poverty and underdevelopment through deeper integration and economic development” (Mbeki, 2006:16). Now that there will be one centre that clears all the documents for the transporters this will effectively culminate in the speedy processing of the documents. There will be no need for the transporters to stop at the other country’s customs offices to do the same job. Once the documents are complete the process is complete, because the barriers are removed between the two countries.

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Meyer, Christoph. "Essays on international economic integration". Berlin dissertation.de, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989679853/04.

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Letsatsi, Paseka C. "The impact of regional integration in Africa: the case of South Africa and Botswana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010176.

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Regional integration can refer to the trade unification between different states by partial or full abolition of customs tariffs on trade taking place within the borders of each state. This is meant in turn to lead to lower prices for distributors and consumers (as no customs duties are paid within the integrated area) and the goal is to increase trade. (Economic integration,1950, p66) According to Mattli (1999, p.42), the analysis of the first problem takes the decision to adopt an integration treaty as a given, and is primarily concerned with identifying the condition under which the process of integration is likely to succeed or to fail. Implementation of an agreement by heads of states to tie the economies of their countries closer together entails a lengthy process of establishing common roles, regulations, and policies that are either based on specific treaty provisions or derived from general principles and objectives written into the integration agreement. Regional integration can be applied for varying forms of economic co-ordination or co-operation amongst different neighbouring states, there will however always be different political agendas in the process. If there is a treaty amongst member states, this treaty has to be enforced or it may result in the development of differences. “In order to address national priorities through regional action most member states had been allocated the responsibility of co-ordinating one or more sectors. This involved proposing sector policies, strategies and priorities, and processing projects for inclusion in the sectoral programme, monitoring progress and reporting to the council of Ministers”. (Department of International Relations & Co-operation, Republic of South Africa). Richard Baldwin, Daniel Cohen, Andre Sapir and Anthony Venables argue that, using the same basic model as Bond and Sypropoulos (1996a), they consider trigger strategies such that initially there is inter-bloc free trade supported by the threat of perpetual trade war if any party breaks the agreement. Regional integration can be understood as the process of providing common rules, regulation, and policies for a region. Regional integration is defined as a process that allows member states to have access to each other’s markets on a voluntary basis and at various degrees. Economic, political, social and cultural benefits are realised from this interaction. (Lee MC, 1999, p30) Regional integration can be seen as co-operation in a broader context but can also be an important framework, through programmes within each regional bloc. According to (Keet ,2005,p22) since the birth of democratic South Africa, regional co-operation is also seen – in addition to the broader African aims-to be an important framework, through programmes within the Southern African Development Community (SADC), within which to address the gross imbalances created both within and between the economies of the region. Regional integration has become a way of assisting the emerging economies to be able to use their proximity to align their economies with the core for economic development. According to (Hamdok, 1998, p34) the effective implementation of regional integration is founded on an enabling environment that promotes accountability, transparency and respect for the rule of law. Also a strong institutional framework at the regional and national levels is fundamental to streamline regional agreements into national policies. In addition, the establishment of effective transnational implementation tools provide opportunities to push reforms conducive to good governance at the regional level. A clear demonstration of this can be observed in effective? legal systems and the need for a regional framework and related judicial institutions to provide an improved regional environment for private development. Integration always provides space for member states to assist in the development of other member states and which have a common economic approach to development. This is done in order to ensure that there are incentives for all member states as compared to those who are outside the bloc. As evidenced in the case of Europe, economic integration helps create a homogenous space and, to some extent, equalises living conditions and if all other regional blocs follow this process the benefit becomes greater. These appear to be prerequisites for a dialogue on the harmonisation of political stands. Indeed, an economic space that is physically integrated; where goods and services move speedily and smoothly; where, besides, the mobility of factors (manpower, capital, energy and inputs) are not subjected to hindrances; where, finally, microeconomic policies are harmonised, is likely to offer equal opportunities to all. Such a high degree of economic integration is not sustainable without a policy dialogue on issues that, at first, may not fall squarely under the rubrics of economic field; peace and security, defense, diplomacy etc. (Blayo N, 1998, P.5) The process of regional co-operation within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) started in in 1980 through the formation of the Co-ordinating Conference which was later changed to SADC IN 1992. Even though it is clear that the South African government played a dominant role because of its apartheid policies, the basic condition was to start the process of integration and open the process of economic co-operation within the region. The Governments of the Republic of South Africa, the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho and the Kingdom of Swaziland- being desirous of maintaining the free interchange of goods between their countries and of applying the same tariffs and trade regulations to goods imported from outside the common customs area as hereinafter defined; “Recognising that the Customs Agreement on 29 June 1910 as amended from time to time , requires modification to provide for the continuance of the customs union arrangements in the changed circumstances on a basis designed to ensure the continued economic development of the customs union area as a whole, and to ensure in particular that these arrangements encourage the development of the less advanced members of the customs union and the diversification of their economies, and afford to all parties equitable benefits arising from trade among themselves and other countries”.(Government Notice, R 3914,p1). Even though there’s an acknowledgement that under the difficult conditions during apartheid, there was a need for the region to develop a common approach towards development and sustainable growth in the Southern African region. All countries in the region had to co-operate for long term sustainable economic growth, peace and security. “In 1980, the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) was established with the major objectives of decreasing economic dependence on the apartheid regime and fostering regional development. The strategy adopted for meeting these objectives was regional development and co-operation. In 1992 SADCC was reborn, as the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The member states decided the time had come to move the region towards the creation of one regional market”. (Lee MC, 1999, p1) “Through the establishment of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) the Southern African region has managed under difficult conditions of economic inequalities to standardise the trade links amongst member states, although there is still more to be done in the region to achieve shared goals of development. The Southern African Customs Union (SACU) links the trade, regimes of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.

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Cheng, I.-Hui. "Three essays on political economy, trade and international economic integration". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314295.

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Orr, Clinton Dale. "EntrepoÌ‚ts, regional and global economic integration in East Asia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284982.

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Awinador-Kanyirige, Darkowa. "Effects of the Economic Partnership Agreements on Regional Integration in Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28099.

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After gaining independence, African states embraced the idea of regional integration as an approach to boost economic development on the continent. This was evident in the new regional organizations that were predominantly generated among developing states in the southern hemisphere. Majority of these organizations, e.g. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC), have continuously been striving to deepen social, political and most importantly economic integration and cooperation in Africa. In an attempt to further the regional integration agenda, there have been quite a number of colonial cross-border arrangements with EU. Assessed based on conventional integration theories by scholars like Ernst B. Haas, the prerequisites for effective regional economic integration in Africa, appear to be less successful, juxtaposed with the more developed and economically independent European Union. Although regional organizations like ECOWAS and SADC have managed to establish free trade areas (FTAs), they have failed to attain their agenda of establishing customs unions. Agendas of this kind among other things, are pertinent to consolidating the regional integration process. Even though several issues may be identified as causes of the inefficiency of the integration scheme on the continent, this paper explores the effect of north south trade agreements, in this case the economic partnership agreements (EPAs), on regional integration processes in Africa.

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Pascali, Luigi. "Essays in Growth, Development and International Trade". Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2001.

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Thesis advisor: Fabio Schiantarelli
Thesis advisor: James Anderson
The thesis is composed of the following three distinct papers. 1.Banks and Development: Jewish Communities in the Italian Renaissance and Current Economic Performance Do banks affect long-term economic performance? I answer this question by relying on an historical development that occurred in Italian cities during the 15th century. A sudden change in the Catholic doctrine had driven the Jews toward money lending. Cities that were hosting Jewish communities developed complex banking institutions for two reasons: first, the Jews were the only people in Italy allowed to lend for a profit; second the Franciscan reaction to Jewish usury led to the creation of charity lending institutions that evolved into many of the current Italian banks. Using Jewish demography in 1450 as an instrument, I estimate large effects of current banking development on the income-per-capita of Italian cities. Additional firm-level analyses suggest that well-functioning local banks exert large effects on aggregate productivity by reallocating resources toward more efficient firms. Controlling for province effects, using additional historical data on Jewish demography and exploiting the expulsion of the Jews from the Spanish territories in Italy in 1541, I argue that my results are not driven by omitted institutional, cultural and geographical characteristics. In particular, I show that the difference in current income between cities that hosted Jewish communities and cities that did not exists only in those regions that were not Spanish territories in the 16th century. These difference-in-difference estimates suggest that the Jewish Diaspora can explain at least 10% of the current income gap between Northern and Southern Italy. 2. Contract Incompleteness, Globalization and Vertical Structure: an Empirical Analysis This paper studies the effects of international openness and contracting institutions on vertical integration. It first derives a number of predictions regarding the interactions between trade barriers, contracting costs, technology intensity, and the extent of vertical integration from a simple model with incomplete contracts. Then it investigates these predictions using a new dataset of over 14000 firms from 45 developing countries. Consistent with theory, the effect of technology intensity of domestic producers on their likelihood to vertically integrate is decreasing in the quality of domestic contracting institutions and in international openness. Contract enforcing costs are particularly high in developing countries and their effects on the vertical structure of technological intensive firms may have significant welfare costs. If improving domestic contracting institutions is not feasible an equivalent solution is to increase openness to international trade. This would discipline domestic suppliers reducing the need for vertical integration. 3. Productivity, Welfare and Reallocation: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence (joint with Susanto Basu, Fabio Schiantarelli and Luis Serven) We prove that in a closed economy without distortionary taxation, the welfare of a representative consumer is summarized to a first order by the current and expected future values of the Solow productivity residual in level and by the initial endowment of capital. The equivalence holds if the representative household maximizes utility while taking prices parametrically. This result justifies TFP as the right summary measure of welfare (even in situations where it does not properly measure technology) and makes it possible to calculate the contributions of disaggregated units (industries or firms) to aggregate welfare using readily available TFP data. We show how these results must be modified if the economy is open or if taxes are distortionary. We then compute firm and industry contributions to welfare for a set of European OECD countries (Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain), using industry-level (EU-KLEMS) and firm-level (Amadeus) data. After adding further assumptions about technology and market structure (firms minimize costs and face common factor prices), we show that welfare change can be decomposed into three components that reflect respectively technical change, aggregate distortions and allocative efficiency. Then, using the appropriate firm-level data, we assess the importance of each of these components as sources of welfare improvement in the same set of European countries
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

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Li, Xinyi. "Essays on international trade and regional economic integration in East Asia". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446602.

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Abebe, Opeyemi Temitope. "Regional trade agreements and its impact on the multilateral trading system: eroding the preferences of developing countries?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The purpose of this paper was to examine the impact that the proliferation of regional trade agreements have had on the Multilateral Trading System and whether by allowing regional trade agreements under the World Trade Organization rules, the members of the World Trade Organization have not unwittingly weakened the multilateral trading system. It also examined the effect the proliferation of regional trade agreements have had on the special and deferential treatment for developing countries within the system.

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Appau, Adriana Boakyewaa y University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Analysing Sub-Saharan Africa trade patterns in the presence of regional trade agreements : a comparative analysis". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Economics, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3424.

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This thesis employs a dynamic form of the gravity model and data from 1988-2005 to estimate the effects of RTAs in SSA on intra-African trade. The thesis proposes a better approach to examining member-nonmember trade relations of RTAs. This thesis is unique because it uses System GMM estimator to overcome econometric issues associated with estimating dynamic models. The results suggest that COMESA and SADC has led to a significant increase in intra and extra-RTA trade. ECOWAS has increased intra-ECOWAS trade but decreased extra-ECOWAS trade. ECCAS has had a negative impact on both intra-ECCAS and extra-ECCAS trade flows. The proposed approach of examining member-nonmember relationships provides better estimates. A comparative analysis is made to shed light on how high or low the trade creation effect of RTAs in SSA are. The results of this thesis support the view that the impact of RTAs in SSA is higher than perceived.
x, 61 leaves ; 29 cm

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Libros sobre el tema "International economic integration. Trade blocs"

Frankel, Jeffrey A. Trade blocs and currency blocs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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Frankel, Jeffrey A. Trade blocs and currency blocs. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Fujimura, Julie K. Towards regional economic blocs: Are we there yet? Ottawa: Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada, 1995.

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1947-, Bhalla P., ed. Regional blocs: Building blocks or stumbling blocks. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

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Frankel, Jeffrey A. Continental trading blocs: Are they natural or super-natural? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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Cerezo, Sergio Plaza. Los bloques comerciales en la economía mundial. Madrid: Editorial Síntesis, 1997.

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Regionale Integration im System des liberalisierten Welthandels: EG und NAFTA im Vergleich. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2002.

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Alan, Winters L., ed. Regional integration and development. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003.

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DeRosa, Dean A. Regional integration arrangements: Static economic theory, quantitative findings, and policy guidelines. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1998.

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Hartley, Rebecca S. y Richard S. Belous. The Growth of regional trading blocs in the global economy. Editado por Belous Richard S, Hartley Rebecca S y National Planning Association. Washington, D.C: National Planning Association, 1990.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "International economic integration. Trade blocs"

Bowen, Harry P., Abraham Hollander y Jean-Marie Viaene. "Economic integration". En Applied International Trade, 406–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01551-8_12.

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El-Agraa, Ali M. "International Economic Integration". En International Trade, 151–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10206-8_11.

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Mikić, Mia. "Economic Integration in Practice". En International Trade, 479–510. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26372-1_16.

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Borkakoti, J. "Economic Integration". En International Trade: Causes and Consequences, 519–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27014-9_30.

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Mikić, Mia. "The Theory of Economic Integration". En International Trade, 441–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26372-1_14.

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El-Agraa, Ali M. "International Economic Integration". En Current Issues in International Trade, 174–221. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24563-5_9.

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Price, Victoria Curzon. "The European Free Trade Association". En International Economic Integration, 96–127. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09163-8_5.

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Finch, M. H. J. "The Latin American Free Trade Association1". En International Economic Integration, 237–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09163-8_10.

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McCartney, Matthew. "International Trade, Openness and Integration". En Economic Growth and Development, 268–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29031-1_14.

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Lang, Franz Peter. "Impact of Factor-Market Integration on Supply, Demand and Trade — A Neoclassical Analysis". En International Economic Integration, 3–21. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48421-6_1.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "International economic integration. Trade blocs"

Tufaner, Mustafa Batuhan, Hasan Boztoprak y İlyas Sözen. "An Alternative to The European Customs Union for Turkey in The Framework of Economic Integration Theory: Eurasian Customs Union". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01957.

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The liberalization policies begun after 1980 and globalization process bring with new economic associations and trade blocs among countries. The European Customs Union which established to improve economic relations and to make the political integration possible after World War II, reached large trade capacity today. On the other hand, the Post-Soviet countries that followed similar way like European ones established Eurasian Customs Union under the leadership of Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia. The advantage of European Customs Union for Turkey which became a member of it in 1995 is still discussed. From this viewpoint the study aims to answer a question that Eurasian Customs Union can be an alternative to European Customs Union for Turkey in point of trade capacity. The aim of the study is to discuss the possibility of the Eurasian Customs Union and to compare it with the European Customs Union in which Turkey is involved. In this context, at first, the conceptual framework about the subject will be discussed and European Customs Union and Turkey relations will be examined. After, the current situation of the Eurasian region will be analyzed and the possibility of the Eurasian Customs Union will be discussed. And, which customs union will be more advantageous in terms of Turkey will be examined by VAR analysis.

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Reel, Yeşim. "The Dependency Game and Potential Gains in Energy Sector of Eurasia". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00195.

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The integration of the Eurasian super-continent will potentially have major implications for the Eurasian region, and also for the world economy. Traditionally, economic integration has ben analyzed and measured mostly with regard to trade and transport linkages. Turning from the most obvious linkages in energy to other areas, the first point to be made is that the collapse of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) had a devastating impact on trade within the former Soviet regional trading bloc known as COMECON (Linn and Tiomkin,2007). Opening Greater Central Asia to continental trade in energy and goods would give countries in the region greater access to foreign technology and foreign exchange revenue, increase market access. Forecasts about the positive effects of construction and restoration of road corridors suggest there could be enormous gains (Norling and Swanström,2007). Moreover, potential gains in energy transit are also massive (Pandian,2005). It is stated that the increasing demand for Eurasian energy is creating a very interesting dependency game involving three groups of countries. The existing dependencies are based on a number of variables (Svedberg,2007). The aim of this paper is to analyze the current situation, the dependency game and potential gains in Eurasia’s energy sector. The current situation’s analysis presents a framework which shows Eurasia’s energy sector’s data, trends and problems. The dependency game indicates the linkages between different countries which are related to the sector, and these countries’ positions. The potential gains are important particularly in energy production, energy projects and energy trade for Eursia. Considering all these, first part presents introduction. The second part analyzes the current situation, the dependency game and, gives outcomes of this dependency in the sector. Third part presents the potential gains for this sector. Last part gives a conclusion.

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Karapınar, Esra. "The Place of Central Asian Turkic Republics in the Global World". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00124.

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Globalization process which started at the end of nineteenth century and goes on at the present shows its impacts more in some countries or less in some other countries but this is a process that closes up countries, blots out authorities’ immunities, makes them become transparent, and strengthens socio-cultural, political and especially economic relations. After the terms of being introverted and self-sufficiency between First and Second World Wars, struggles to liberalized world trade have been accelerated since 1960, and good and service flows between countries grew both as a volume and value. As a result of liberalization and deregulation politics which appears since 1980, the capital could move easier on the world. So, how has this process felt its effect on the Central Asian Turkic Republics includes Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan that arised in 1991 after dissociation in the Soviet Union because of clearing and reconstruction policy applied and after facility of establishing its own, independent states by earning their national identities to Turkish elements who lived under the sovereignty of Russians for years is given? The aim of study here is to analyse the effects of that globalization wave in the Turkic Republics which spread out all over the world. For this purpose, first of all changes in the Soviet Union 's policy will be considered and reflections of it on the economical life are to be investigated, and then applications and what the course of actions about integration with the World determined by mentioned republics after dissociation are to be discussed.

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Murat, Sedat, Sefer Şener y Burcu Kılınç Savrul. "The Role of Economic Integration in Trade Openness: The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization Case". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00832.

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Trade liberalization is one of the greatest economic arguments of the economics and it is claimed that trade openness is a crucial phenomenon for the well-being of nations since Adam Smith. Although various practices have been seen in different parts of the world in the history, from 1980s trade liberalization movements have been the dominant trend. However liberalization of trade in developing countries brought debates in economic literature and it is argued that open trade can have catastrophic effects instead of providing growth and welfare to the practitioner countries. In this study if The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization had contributed the member states to liberalize their trade has been investigated. The changes in the rates of inward and outward investment, import, export, population and labour force of the member countries during the establishment period of the Organization has been evaluated. The data is collected from Worldbank National Accounts Database, IMF World Economic Outlook and Balance of Payments Database and UNCTAD. The results of the study has shown that although the establishment of the organization had positive effect on investment and trade flows of the countries, it had no effect on labour flows of the member states.

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Xu, Chunxiang. "Notice of Retraction: Trade integration and regional economic cooperation in East Asia". En 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5882079.

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Alamanova, Chinara. "Experience of Economic Integration of Kyrgyzstan within the Framework of the Eurasian Economic Union". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02188.

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At present, practically all countries of the world are involved in integration processes. However, at the present stage, the mechanism of integration interaction is not sufficiently regulated, as evidenced by the experience of integration of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The history of various integration groupings, along with regularities, carries in itself essential features of historical uniqueness. This determines the theoretical and practical relevance of the research topic. In the article, the example of Kyrgyzstan explores the experience of the country's integration into an integration association. Practice has revealed not only positive results, but also negative unpredictable consequences. Such experience requires scientific and practical study and will be useful for further improvement of economic integration processes. The abolition of customs control has enabled the development of an illegal flow of goods both to Kyrgyzstan and from Kyrgyzstan. The change in tariffs of the Eurasian Economic Union for third countries may lead to a reduction in multilateral trade. Russia's application of anti-sanctions to individual countries violates the first basic principle of integration: the trade policy of the four members of the Eurasian Economic Union is becoming less coherent. The difficult access of goods due to the application of restrictive measures in relation to the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union is noted. To achieve the integration result, the following conditions are necessary: Conducting a harmonious trade integration policy, Implementation of political (institutional) integration, General political support for integration plans, including by third countries.

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Pirimbaev, Jusup y Dzhumabek Dzhailov. "Regional Economic Integration in Central Asia: Realities and Prospects". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01823.

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The analysis of the socio-economic development and the state of trade and economic relations in Central Asia. The features of economic development in Central Asian countries, conditional on the development of disintegration processes in the region. Substantiates the role, importance and the need to strengthen economic integration in the region. Determine the vector of development of trade-economic and investment cooperation between the Central Asian countries. Grounded perspective directions of economic integration and cooperation mechanisms. Perspective forms of cooperative development, integration links sharing the natural and economic potential of the region. Identified economic factors and conditions for balanced development of the economy of the region in the context of increasing globalization processes.

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Dzhailova, Asel. "Economic Development of Kyrgyzstan in Context of Deepening Integration". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02240.

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The article examines the forms and features of the development of integration processes and their impact on the macroeconomic development of Kyrgyzstan. An assessment of the socio-economic development of Kyrgyzstan within the EAEU is presented. Attention is focused on the positive trends in improving the structure of the national economy, developing its priority sectors and increasing the export and investment potential. Attention is drawn to the features of the conjugation of the economic development of Kyrgyzstan within the framework of the Chinese global project “The Economic Belt of the Silk Road”. The features of trade, economic and investment cooperation with China. results of the implementation of large infrastructure projects. An assessment of macroeconomic development was carried out and the possibilities for the development of the deep integration of Central Asian countries in the fullest use of the economic potential of Kyrgyzstan were identified. The forms, directions and mechanisms of deepening trade, economic and humanitarian cooperation of Kyrgyzstan with the countries of Central Asia are substantiated.

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Saimul, Saimul, Arif Darmawan y Resha Putri. "Explaining Intensity of Trade Integration and Tax Policies Towards ASEAN Economic Integration in an Era of Global Competitiveness". En Proceedings of the First International Conference of Economics, Business & Entrepreneurship, ICEBE 2020, 1st October 2020, Tangerang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-10-2020.2305624.

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Koşan, Naime İrem, Sudi Apak y Selahattin Sarı. "International Trade and Macro-Economic Policy in Eurasian Economies". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01494.

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International trade is defined the exchange of goods, services, and capital among various countries and regions. Also the potential of imports and exports account for an important part of growth. On the other hand, total value of international trade in goods and services shows the countries’ integration into the world economy. In this paper we focused on to analyze the effects on imports and make inferences for Eurasian Countries. In this paper we aim to examine the relationship between imports and macro-economic indicators in 6 Eurasian economies. To analyze the relationship, we used panel data regression analysis. Data obtained from World Bank. The panel data covers 1996-2012 periods and 6 countries which named Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. We predicted pooled, fixed effects and random effects panel data models using the Stata and analyzed them. The dependent variable is defined the imports in our model. It has been found that gross domestic savings, foreign direct investments and, and exports are statistically significant for this countries. The results found in this paper show that gross domestic savings has negative effects on imports. On the other hand, for this 6 countries foreign direct investments (inflow) and exports have positive effects on imports as we expected. It shows us the economic positions of Eurasian countries still depend on Russian Federation. Also, these findings have important policy implications for Eurasian Countries. Our interpretation of these findings is that, integration to world economy has generally positive effects on foreign direct investments for this countries.

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Informes sobre el tema "International economic integration. Trade blocs"

Díaz de Astarloa, Bernardo, Nanno Mulder, Sandra Corcuera-Santamaría, Winfried Weck, Lucas Barreiros, Rodrigo Contreras Huerta y Alejandro Puente. Post Pandemic Covid-19 Economic Recovery: Enabling Latin America and the Caribbean to Better Harness E-commerce and Digital Trade. Editado por Marcee Gómez. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003436.

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This report shows that Latin America and the Caribbean faces critical policy challenges going forward. It must accelerate the digital transformation to allow businesses and consumers to adapt to a new normal and leverage pandemic recovery to create stronger economies, and also tackle long-standing barriers to adopting digital technologies and bridging digital divides. These have impeded sustained and equitable economic growth even before the pandemic struck. This crisis should be a wake-up call for governments, the private sector, civil society, and international development partners to come together and take concerted actions to advance on consistent, long-term, and sustainable e-commerce strategies that are at the forefront of national and regional productive development agendas. Just as digital solutions allowed countries to overcome the increased role of distance within the context of the pandemic in shaping consumption and business, they should also be harnessed to increase regional economic integration beyond this emergency situation.

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Braithwait, Samuel, Ricardo Rozemberg y Jesica De Angelis. CARICOM Report: Progress and Challenges of The Integration Agenda. Inter-American Development Bank, diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002912.

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The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) was established in 1973 as a customs union and nowadays consists of 15 member countries. CARICOM includes member and non-members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), an economic union with free movement of people and goods, a single currency, and a common central bank. This report is the third in a series of INTAL publications on regional integration on the CaribbeanREPORT Community and covers the period 2005 to 2020. After a brief background to the CARICOM integration project and a look at the economy and international trade, this report focuses on the main issues and developments relating to the deepening of integration within CARICOM and crucial relationships with external partners. The final section concludes with an assessment of the short-term adverse impacts of the pandemic and summarizes a set of recommendations to tackle the main issues.

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