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Bibliografías temáticas / Ion divalent

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Ion divalent"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 30 de noviembre de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Ion divalent"

1

Nguyen, Hung T., Naoto Hori, and D. Thirumalai. "Theory and simulations for RNA folding in mixtures of monovalent and divalent cations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 42 (2019): 21022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911632116.

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RNA molecules cannot fold in the absence of counterions. Experiments are typically performed in the presence of monovalent and divalent cations. How to treat the impact of a solution containing a mixture of both ion types on RNA folding has remained a challenging problem for decades. By exploiting the large concentration difference between divalent and monovalent ions used in experiments, we develop a theory based on the reference interaction site model (RISM), which allows us to treat divalent cations explicitly while keeping the implicit screening effect due to monovalent ions. Our theory ca

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2

Zhang, Huacheng, Xingya Li, Jue Hou, Lei Jiang, and Huanting Wang. "Angstrom-scale ion channels towards single-ion selectivity." Chemical Society Reviews 51, no. 6 (2022): 2224–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cs00582k.

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García-Giménez, Elena, Antonio Alcaraz, and Vicente M. Aguilella. "Divalent Metal Ion Transport across Large Biological Ion Channels and Their Effect on Conductance and Selectivity." Biochemistry Research International 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/245786.

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Electrophysiological characterization of large protein channels, usually displaying multi-ionic transport and weak ion selectivity, is commonly performed at physiological conditions (moderate gradients of KCl solutions at decimolar concentrations buffered at neutral pH). We extend here the characterization of the OmpF porin, a wide channel of the outer membrane ofE. coli,by studying the effect of salts of divalent cations on the transport properties of the channel. The regulation of divalent cations concentration is essential in cell metabolism and understanding their effects is of key importa

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4

Chremos, Alexandros, Matan Mussel, Jack F. Douglas, and Ferenc Horkay. "Ion Partition in Polyelectrolyte Gels and Nanogels." Gels 9, no. 11 (2023): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9110881.

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Polyelectrolyte gels provide a load-bearing structural framework for many macroscopic biological tissues, along with the organelles within the cells composing tissues and the extracellular matrices linking the cells at a larger length scale than the cells. In addition, they also provide a medium for the selective transportation and sequestration of ions and molecules necessary for life. Motivated by these diverse problems, we focus on modeling ion partitioning in polyelectrolyte gels immersed in a solution with a single type of ionic valence, i.e., monovalent or divalent salts. Specifically, w

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5

Onoe, Sakura, Myu Yoshida, Naoya Terahara, and Yoshiyuki Sowa. "Coupling Ion Specificity of the Flagellar Stator Proteins MotA1/MotB1 of Paenibacillus sp. TCA20." Biomolecules 10, no. 7 (2020): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10071078.

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The bacterial flagellar motor is a reversible rotary molecular nanomachine, which couples ion flux across the cytoplasmic membrane to torque generation. It comprises a rotor and multiple stator complexes, and each stator complex functions as an ion channel and determines the ion specificity of the motor. Although coupling ions for the motor rotation were presumed to be only monovalent cations, such as H+ and Na+, the stator complex MotA1/MotB1 of Paenibacillus sp. TCA20 (MotA1TCA/MotB1TCA) was reported to use divalent cations as coupling ions, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. In this study, we initially

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6

Zheng, Alvin Lim Teik, Supakorn Boonyuen, Teruhisa Ohno, and Yoshito Andou. "Hydrothermally Reduced Graphene Hydrogel Intercalated with Divalent Ions for Dye Adsorption Studies." Processes 9, no. 1 (2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010169.

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Fundamental studies involving divalent ion intercalated graphene-based hydrogel are still lacking in terms of their adsorption behavior towards dye pollutants. In this study, we prepared a self-assembled Mg2+ and Ca2+ intercalated reduced graphene hydrogel (rGH) using hydrothermal treatment to evaluate the intercalation impact on the adsorption capability towards cationic dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine B. The morphological, structural, thermal, and textural properties of the divalent ion intercalated reduced graphene hydrogels were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, the

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7

Hutchison, Alastair J. "Predialysis management of divalent ion metabolism." Kidney International 56 (December 1999): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.07306.x.

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8

Madrigal González, Blanca, Graham Christie, Colin A. B. Davidson, Jeff Blyth, and Christopher R. Lowe. "Divalent metal ion-sensitive holographic sensors." Analytica Chimica Acta 528, no. 2 (2005): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.029.

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9

Aiken, ML, MH Ginsberg, and EF Plow. "Divalent cation-dependent and independent surface expression of thrombospondin on thrombin-stimulated human platelets." Blood 69, no. 1 (1987): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.1.58.58.

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Abstract Thrombospondin (TSP), a platelet alpha-granule protein, becomes expressed on the surface of thrombin-stimulated platelets. The surface expression of this protein occurs through two distinct mechanisms. At low platelet concentrations (1 X 10(8)/mL), a divalent ion-dependent, low-capacity mechanism predominates. At higher cell concentrations, a divalent ion-dependent, higher capacity mechanism prevails that can account for greater than 90% of all the TSP surface expression measured. This mechanism requires the presence of both calcium and magnesium (Ca + Mg). The dependence of the dival

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10

Aiken, ML, MH Ginsberg, and EF Plow. "Divalent cation-dependent and independent surface expression of thrombospondin on thrombin-stimulated human platelets." Blood 69, no. 1 (1987): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.1.58.bloodjournal69158.

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Thrombospondin (TSP), a platelet alpha-granule protein, becomes expressed on the surface of thrombin-stimulated platelets. The surface expression of this protein occurs through two distinct mechanisms. At low platelet concentrations (1 X 10(8)/mL), a divalent ion-dependent, low-capacity mechanism predominates. At higher cell concentrations, a divalent ion-dependent, higher capacity mechanism prevails that can account for greater than 90% of all the TSP surface expression measured. This mechanism requires the presence of both calcium and magnesium (Ca + Mg). The dependence of the divalent ion-d

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Tesis sobre el tema "Ion divalent"

1

Rozycki, Torsten von. "Computational investigations of divalent heavy metal ion homeostasis." kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:4-359.

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2

Veras, Lea. "NMDA Receptor Transmembrane Domain: Structure and Divalent Ion Selectivity." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1036.

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During a synaptic signal, NMDA receptors are the only ionotropic glutamate receptor subfamily that besides glutamate require glycine and membrane depolarization to allow ion permeation. The depolarization is necessary to release Mg2+ of the channel of NMDA receptors. Of the ions that permeate these ion channels, Ca2+ is of importance because it is essential for learning and memory. Furthermore, NMDA receptor dysfunction has been associated with several nervous system disorders, and thus understanding NMDA receptor functions and dysfunctions are relevant for rational drug design. The mechanisms

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3

Sari, Hayati. "Potentiometric determination of divalent ion speciation in presense of coordinating ligands." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262883.

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Menton, Kevin. "Intracellular mechanisms of manganese neurotoxicity." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311078.

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5

Kuzmission, Andrew G. "General base and divalent metal ion catalyzed dissociation of pyruvate hydrate and hemiacetals /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487849377293583.

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6

Patel, D. "Mechanism of the Hsp90 chaperone cycle : investigation of divalent ion binding and conformational change." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348542/.

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Hsp90 chaperones a large number of client proteins that perform diverse functions including roles in signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Since a subset of these clients are proto-oncogenes, Hsp90 has emerged as a target for anti-cancer therapeutics. The chaperone function of Hsp90 involves an ATP-dependent cycle of conformational changes: recently, X-ray crystallography and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have provided evidence that these changes occur primarily within the N-terminal and middle domains of the protein which are thought to form a closed conformation foll

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7

Wu, Nan. "Capacitive reverse electrodialysis cells for osmotic energy harvesting : Toward real brines and power enhancement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLS019.

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Face aux problèmes de réchauffement climatique, trouver des ressources énergétiques propres et durables pour remplacer les combustibles fossiles conventionnels est d'une importance capitale. L'énergie osmotique demeure une ressource énergétique inexploitée avec un potentiel significatif. Dans ce travail, nous parvenons à une conversion efficace de l'énergie osmotique en électricité grâce à un processus de mélange bien contrôlé utilisant un système d'électrodialyse inverse capacitif (CRED). Il est démontré qu'un écart substantiel de densité de puissance existe entre le système CRED et la valeur

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8

Okafor, Chiamaka Denise. "Metallobiochemistry of RNA: Mg(II) and Fe(II) in divalent binding sites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53904.

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Cations are essential for ribonucleic acids (RNA), as they neutralize the negatively charged phosphate backbone. Divalent metals play important roles in the folding and function of RNA. The relationship between RNA and divalent cations magnesium (Mg(II)) and iron (Fe(II)) has been investigated. Mg(II) is involved in tertiary interactions of many large RNAs, and necessary for ribozyme activity. The influence of Mg(II) on RNA secondary and tertiary structure is investigated experimentally. Mg(II) binding to A-form RNA is accompanied by changes in CD spectra, indicating that Mg-RNA interactions

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9

Shawki, Ali. "The Functional Properties and Intestinal Role of the H⁺-Coupled Divalent Metal-Ion Transporter 1, DMT1." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448037106.

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10

Brännvall, Mathias. "Metal ion cooperativity in Escherichia coli RNase P RNA." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2056.

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RNase P is an essential ribonuclease responsible for removal of the 5’ leader of tRNA precursors. Bacterial RNase P consists of an RNA subunit and a small basic protein. The catalytic activity is associated with the RNA subunit, i.e. bacterial RNase P RNA is a ribozyme. The protein subunit is, however, essential for activity in vivo. RNase P RNA, as well as the holoenzyme, requires the presence of divalent metal ions for activity. The aim of this thesis was to increase our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of RNase P RNA mediated cleavage. The importance of the nucleotides close to the

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Libros sobre el tema "Ion divalent"

1

Mazza, Vince Michael. Divalent metal ion catalysis in the hydrolysis of aminoacyl alkyl phosphates. National Library of Canada, 1996.

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2

Marie, Mohammed Assem Said. Regulation of potassium and divalent ion concentration in stenohaline and euryhaline teleosts. [s.n.], 1986.

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3

Solymar, L., D. Walsh, and R. R. A. Syms. The band theory of solids. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0007.

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The solution of Schrodinger’s equation is discussed for a model in which atoms are represented by potential wells, from which the band structure follows. Three further models are discussed, the Ziman model (which is based on the effect of Bragg reflection upon the wave functions), and the Feynman model (based on coupled equations), and the tight binding model (based on a more realistic solution of the Schrödinger equation). The concept of effective mass is introduced, followed by the effective number of electrons. The difference between metals and insulators based on their band structure is di

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4

Houillier, Pascal. Magnesium homeostasis. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0027.

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Magnesium is critically important in the process of energy release. Although most magnesium is stored outside the extracellular fluid compartment, the regulated concentration appears in blood. Urinary magnesium excretion can decrease rapidly to low values when magnesium entry rate into the extracellular fluid volume is low, which has several important implications: cell and bone magnesium do not play a major role in the defence of blood magnesium concentration; while a major role is played by the kidney and especially the renal tubule, which adapts to match the urinary magnesium excretion and

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Ion divalent"

1

Assadi, Farahnak. "Disorders of Divalent Ion Metabolism." In Clinical Decisions in Pediatric Nephrology. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74602-9_3.

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2

Yova, Dido, Vasso Karnavezou, and George Boudouris. "Interactions of Divalent Cations with Planar Lipid Membranes Containing Phosphatidylserine." In Ion Interactions in Energy Transfer Biomembranes. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8410-6_9.

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3

Kapinos, L. E., S. V. Kornilova, and Yu P. Blagoi. "IR Spectroscopic Study of Divalent Metal Ion Effect on DNA Conformational Transitions." In Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0371-8_160.

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Andrushchenko, V. V., S. V. Kornilova, L. E. Kapinos, E. V. Hackl, and Yu P. Blagoi. "IR-Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of the Divalent Metal Ion Binding To DNA." In Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules: Modern Trends. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5622-6_173.

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5

Westbrook, Gary L., and Mark L. Mayer. "Divalent Cations as Modulators of NMDA-Receptor Channels on Mouse Central Neurons." In Calcium and Ion Channel Modulation. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0975-8_32.

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6

Klipper, R. M., H. Hoffmann, and T. Augustin. "The Removal of Divalent Anions and Cations from Feed Brine for Chloralkali-Electrolysis Cells by Utilization of Ion Exchange Technology." In Ion Exchange Advances. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_54.

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7

Mamo, Asaye, Thomas Heeb, and Kent S. Knaebel. "Equilibrium and Diffusion Rate Effects of Univalent and Divalent Ions in a Bifunctional Resin." In Fundamentals and Applications of Ion Exchange. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5161-7_11.

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8

Carlier, Marie-France, Catherine Valentin-Ranc, Cecile Combeau, Stephane Fievez, and Dominique Pantoloni. "Actin Polymerization: Regulation by Divalent Metal Ion and Nucleotide Binding, ATP Hydrolysis and Binding of Myosin." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2578-3_7.

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Ren, Yan-Guo, Niklas Henriksson, and Anders Virtanen. "Identification of Divalent Metal Ion Binding Sites in RNA/DNA-Metabolizing Enzymes by Fe(II)-Mediated Hydroxyl Radical Cleavage." In Handbook of RNA Biochemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527647064.ch19.

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Andronikashvili, E. L. "Divalent Metals and Cancer." In Water and Ions in Biological Systems. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0424-9_11.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Ion divalent"

1

Shaw, S. S., and K. S. Sorbie. "Structure and Stoichiometry of Mixed Divalent Metal (Ca2+/Mg2+/Sr2+/Ba2+) Phosphonate Scale Inhibitor Complexes for Application in Precipitation Squeeze Processes." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05646.

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Abstract In oilfield applications, various divalent cations are present in field produced waters, e.g. Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+. The interaction of these cations with phosphonate scale inhibitors (SI) is important both for scale inhibition and inhibitor retention mechanisms. In this paper, the properties of precipitated “mixed” Ca2+/M2+ phosphonate SI complexes formed by 9 common phosphonate species are investigated, where M2+ may be Mg2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+. These 2 and 3 metal ion complexes with SI are of the form SI_CaN1_SrN2 and SI_CaN1_MgN2_BaN3, where the stoichiometry N1, N2 and N3, are the

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2

Barthorpe, R. T. "The Dramatic Effect of Certain Divalent Ions upon Barium Sulfate Inhibition." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92023.

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Abstract All too often mineral scale formation is viewed purely in terms of supersaturation. More recently, studies of barium sulfate scale inhibition in acidic reservoir brines have identified pH as a factor which does not significantly affect supersaturation but, nonetheless, incapacitates many scale inhibitors. This paper explores significant perturbation of an oilfield barium sulfate inhibited scale system by various divalent cations and anions. The chemistry which affects inhibitor-crystal interaction is presented as the principle influence upon inhibitor function.

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3

Amjad, Zahid. "Gypsum Scale Inhibitors Performance in the Presence of Impurities." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16707.

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Abstract In the present work a variety of polymers with different functional groups and molecular weight (MW) were tested as gypsum scale inhibitors. The polymers tested include: poly(acrylic acid) PAA; poly(maleic acid), PMA; poly(aspartic acid), PASP; poly(epoxysuccinic acid), PESA; carboxymethyl inulin (CMI-25); copolymers of maleic acid:sulfonated styrene, PMAS); maleic acid:vinyl pyrrolidone, PMVP. The results indicated that performance of polymers strongly depends on the polymer architecture. Based on the data collected, the polymers may be ranked as follows: PAA &gt; PMA &gt; PA

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4

Wyman, Donald P., Richard D. Moll, and D. R. Dunbar. "Factors Influencing the Use of Turbidity for Process Control of a Commonly Used Heavy Metal Precipitant." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93385.

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ABSTRACT The effects of pH and certain chelants on the precipitation of low concentrations of divalent copper, nickel and cadmium ions with sodium N, N-dimethyldithiocarbamate are described. Conditions under which turbidometry (nephelometry) may be used to monitor the precipitation reactions are also described. Speculation is offered concerning how equilibria and kinetic factors may explain the observed results.

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5

Young, P. R. "Counterion Binding by Polyelectrolytes and Its Relationship to Scale Inhibition." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90082.

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Abstract Titration experiments with a variety of polymers confirm that polyelectrolytes with sufficiently high charge densities sequester ions of opposite charge. Monovalent ions are sequestered, but divalent ions are preferred. The binding capacity and formation constant are primarily determined by the charge density of the polymer, not molecular weight or composition. The binding capacity of sodium acrylate/acrylamide copolymers for calcium is approximately (mole % acrylate - 18)/2 calcium ions per 100 monomers. The expression for the formation constant must include the effect of monovalent

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6

Honda, T., K. Ohashi, A. Minato, and Y. Furutani. "Suppression of Radiation Buildup on Stainless Steel in a Boiling Water Reactor." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86261.

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Abstract Deposition of radioactive corrosion products, such as Co-60, causes radiation field buildup in BWR plants. In this study, deposition kinetics of Co-60 and elemental cobalt ions on stainless steel and effects of pre-oxidation on the suppression were evaluated in actual reactor water and laboratory autoclaves. Cobalt ions are incorporated as divalent cobalt oxides such as CoFe2O4 at the oxide/metal interface through corrosion. Therefore, a protective oxide film, which is pre-formed under suitable circumstances such as high temperature water with a certain amount of dissolved oxygen, can

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7

Amjad, Zahid, Libardo Perez, and Robert W. Zuhl. "Water Chemistry Impacts on Cooling Water System Iron Oxide Dispersants." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05996.

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Abstract The effects of water chemistry such as total dissolved solids, polyvalent metal ions, pH, and temperature on particulate iron oxide dispersion by a variety of polymeric additives have been investigated. The deposit control polymers (DCPs) evaluated include synthetic polymers (of varying composition and molecular weight). Results reveal that DCP iron oxide dispersant performance strongly depends on dosage and architecture (e.g., type and amount of monomers, monomer functional group ionic charge, molecular weight). Data show that pH changes cause varying but relatively small changes in

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8

Kasperski, K. L., and R. J. Mikula. "Water Treatment in Oil Sands: A Novel Approach to Calcium Control." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03065.

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Abstract The extraction of bitumen from surface-mined oil sands in Alberta, Canada is a water-based process that involves making an ore-water slurry and then recovering the bitumen product as a froth. Water from the tailings is recycled to the plant. Soluble ions in the recycle water, particularly divalent cations at high levels, can hurt the extraction process and contribute to heat-exchanger scaling. A tailings treatment known as the consolidated tailings (CT) process was developed that uses soluble calcium but results in elevated calcium concentrations in the release water. In order to appl

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9

Paudyal, Samridhdi, and Chunfang Fan. "Development of Inorganic Scale Inhibitors for Ultrahigh-Temperatures Geothermal and HPHT Applications." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20727.

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Abstract With the advancement in green technology-based energy generation to achieve net-zero emissions, geothermal energy has been considered one of the options to reduce the carbon footprint from oil/gas production. In this paper, geothermal energy refers to energy generation that involves a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) environment. Both geothermal energy generation and oil and gas production in such environments—which includes the use of steam-flooded wells and geothermal wells are always challenging as a result of operational issues caused by inorganic scale formation. Changes in

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10

Oh, K., U. C. Paek, and T. F. Morse. "Photosensitivity in multi-valent rare earth ion doped aluminosilicate glass optical fiber." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.18.

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Multivalent rare earth ion, Sm+2/Sm+3 was incorporated into aluminosilicate glass fiber using an aerosol delivery technique. Co-doping of trivalent and divalent states of the ions has been spectroscopically confirmed. Irradiated by multi-line CW Ar ion laser of 1 Watt, the fiber showed photoinduced refractive change of 7.6 × 10−5. Bleaching of Sm+2 absorption band was also observed. Photoionization of Sm+2 is believed to be a main cause of the photosensitivity.

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Informes sobre el tema "Ion divalent"

1

B. Widman. Modelling Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Kinetics for Removal of Trace Levels of Divalent Cations in Ultrapure Water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822270.

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Karnchanatat, Aphichart. L-Asparaginase from xylariaceous fungi and application in antitumor activity. Chulalongkorn University, 2010. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2010.75.

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From 30 xylariaceus fungi isolates, ten were found to produce extracellular L-Asparaginase (ASNase) activity, with Xylaria feejeensis isolate XL001, yielding the highest level. The ASNase activity in the Czapek Dox medium of XL001 was highest with 2.0 g/L glucose and 10 g/L L-asparagine as the carbon, nitrogen sources, respectively. A 42.5 kDa ASNase was enriched 41.4-fold to apparent homogeneity from XL001 cluture media using 80% saturation ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose anion exchange and Superdex-75 gel filtration chromatography, but at a final yield of only 2.2%, an optimal

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3

Ferris, F. Grant. Co-Precipitation of Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of Strontium-90 & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838499.

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Smith, Robert W. Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of Stronthium-90 & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclides at Arid West DOE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893342.

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5

Smith, Robert W. Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of Stronthium-90 & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclides at Arid West DOE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885256.

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6

Robert W. Smith, F. Rick S. Colwell, Jani C. Ingram, F. Grant Ferris, Anna-Louise Reysenback, and Yoshiko Fujita. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium -90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809800.

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F. Grant Ferris. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809819.

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8

Smith, Robert W., F. ''Rick'' S. Colwell, Jani C. Ingram, F. Grant Ferris, and Anna-Louise Reysenbach. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833667.

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9

Smith, Robert W., F. ''Rick'' S. Colwell, Jani C. Ingram, F. Grant Ferris, and Anna-Louise Reysenbach. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833668.

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10

Smith, Robert W. Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of Stronthium-90 & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclides at Arid West DOE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838502.

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