Bibliografías temáticas / Iron and steel Roofing

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Iron and steel Roofing"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 30 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Iron and steel Roofing"

1

Steau, Edward, Poologanathan Keerthan y Mahen Mahendran. "Web crippling study of rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports". Advances in Structural Engineering 20, n.º 7 (20 de octubre de 2016): 1059–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216670172.

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Thin-walled steel hollow flange channel beams are commonly used as joists and bearers in various flooring systems in buildings. A new rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beam was proposed using an intermittently rivet fastening process as an alternative to welded beams. This flexible fastening process allows rectangular hollow flange channel beams to have greater section optimisation, by configuring web and flange widths and thicknesses. In the industrial applications of rectangular hollow flange channel beams as flooring, roofing or modular building systems, their flanges will be fastened to supports, which will provide increased capacities. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports under two-flange load cases. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the web crippling behaviour and capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams based on the new American Iron and Steel Institute S909 standard test method. The web crippling capacities were compared with the predictions from the design equations in Australia/New Zealand Standard 4600 and American Iron and Steel Institute S100 to determine their accuracy in predicting the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams. Test results showed that these design equations are considerably conservative for the end two-flange load case while being unconservative for the interior two-flange load case. New equations are proposed to determine the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports. Test results showed that web crippling capacities increased by 78% and 65% on average for the end two-flange and interior two-flange load cases when flanges were fastened to supports. This article presents the details of this web crippling experimental study of rectangular hollow flange channel beam sections and the results.
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2

Maheri, Mahmoud R. "Performance of Building Roofs in the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake". Earthquake Spectra 21, n.º 1_suppl (diciembre de 2005): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2098859.

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Roofs covering buildings in the city of Bam, Iran prior to the earthquake of 26 December 2003 can be categorized into three main groups: traditional masonry dome or vault, steel I-beam jack-arch system, and concrete beam-hollow block system. The collapse of nonengineered masonry roofs and floor slabs during the earthquake was the single largest contributor to the large number of fatalities. This paper discusses the seismic performance of each type of roofing and their strengths and weaknesses. The poor seismic performance of traditional domes and vault roofs and unanchored jack-arch slabs are noted and the seismic merits of the anchored jack-arch slabs and concrete beam-hollow block slabs are discussed.
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Okoye, Peter Uchenna. "Occupational Health and Safety Risk Levels of Building Construction Trades in Nigeria". Construction Economics and Building 18, n.º 2 (27 de junio de 2018): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v18i2.5882.

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This study assessed the occupational health and safety risk-level of common building construction trades in Nigeria. It also identified the sources, frequency and magnitude of risks inherent in the activities of various building construction trades. Being site-based survey research, it made use of a structured questionnaire administered to the selected building construction workers of different trades in Anambra State, Nigeria. The collected data were subjected to quantitative risk analysis using mean value method and risk prioritisation number. The study found that masonry, carpentry (including formwork and roofing), and iron bending and steel fixing are common building trades associated with high risks; whereas electrical fitting and installation, painting, tiling, and plumbing are medium risk building trades. It also found that the rate of occurrence and magnitude of impact of different safety risk factors differ across the building trades, which could be attributed to the differences in activities and modes of operation in different building trades. On this premise, the study suggested a multi-risk management and control approach for construction managers on building construction sites since the frequency of risk occurrence and the magnitude of risk severity differ across trades. It further called for institutional and legislative re-strengthening of extant labour laws in Nigeria.
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4

Rosami, Roohollah. "A Systematic Review on Concentration of Heavy Metal in the Ambient Air of Different Industries and the Health Risk Assessment". Advances in Clinical Toxicology 8, n.º 2 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/act-16000265.

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Heavy metals are a group of pollutants that are found in ambient air of the industries. The metals can lead to cancerous and non-cancerous diseases in the exposed persons. In this systematic review, the concentration of heavy metals in the ambient air of industries and the related health risks were studied. In general, heavy metals with different average concentrations were found in various industries. Given the results, Zinc (539.96 µg/m³ ), Iron (216.04 µg/m³), Mercury (19.37 µg/m³), Lead (19.24 µg/m³), Arsenic (17/51 µg/m3), Chromium (12/18 µg/m³), Titanium (10/63 µg/m³ ), Nickel (9/09 µg/m³), Copper (8/11 µg/m³), Cadmium (6/7 µg/m³), Antimony (3/2 µg/m³), Manganese (2.99 µg/m³), Cobalt (1.32 µg/m³ ) were found in the air of the industries. For the zinc smelting, atomic energy, steel, roofing, printing, tape production, and cement, the highest concentration was for zinc (2518 µg/m³), lead (41/35 µg/m³), lead (45 µg/m³), lead (1/38 µg/m³), copper (20/20 µg/m³) and iron (216/04 µg/m³), respectively. All of the concentration in this research is reported in µg/m³. The average carcinogenic risk for the metals were 1.78×10-2, 3.32×10-3, 3.6×10-2, and 1.79×10-3 respectively for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel. The average non-carcinogenic risk of chromium, manganese, and mercury were 8.06×104 , 77×10-4, and 1.22×10-2, respectively. According to the results, the variety of heavy metals in cement industry is more than in other industries, while the concentration of heavy metals in zinc smelting and atomic energy industries was more than remain. Zinc showed the highest average concentration and chromium showed the highest expected risk of carcinogenicity for occupational exposure.
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Floricel, Andra, Giuseppe Zagari, Viorel Ungureanu y Adrian Ciutina. "Structural solutions based on intensive use of steel for over-roofing of existing precast concrete panel buildings". Advances in Structural Engineering 19, n.º 12 (28 de julio de 2016): 1940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216653507.

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An important segment of the Romanian urban population, similar to other Eastern European countries, lives in collective residential apartment buildings made using large prefabricated concrete panels. Most of these structures were built between 1960 and 1989 and present major issues concerning aesthetical aspects, lack of internal space, problems related to thermal comfort and, last but not least, weak energy efficiency. The presence of flat roofing system, generally with hydrothermal faults, represents an additional problem which leads to deficient living conditions of the last-storey inhabitants in many cases. Besides other ways of improving the conditions of such apartment houses, the over-roofing is welcome in order to both increase the habitable area and provide adequate roofing for the building. This article presents three types of over-roofing structural solutions, in two solutions, based on intensive use of steel, using (1) hot-rolled steel profiles, (2) rectangular hollow sections and (3) cold-formed steel profiles, respectively. In order to determine the optimum over-roofing system, the study analyses the structural design possibilities and particularly the connection between the new and old structural elements.
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OHKUMA, Takeshi, Hitomitsu KIKITSU, Yukinori KUDO y Yasunori OSUMI. "Outline of Standard of Steel Roofing-2007". Wind Engineers, JAWE 2008, n.º 115 (2008): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.2008.131.

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Baehre, R. "Good practice in steel cladding and roofing". Thin-Walled Structures 4, n.º 1 (enero de 1986): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8231(86)90016-9.

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RICHMAN, Russell, Evan BENTZ, Denver JERMYN y Chang SUN. "STRUCTURAL AND DURABILITY ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL RE-ROOFING CONCEPT". Engineering Structures and Technologies 9, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2017): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2017.1404939.

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Metal roof decks in long-span light steel structures can become damaged and obsolete by corrosion should the roofing system become compromised. Re-roofing is conducted by either removing and replacing damaged areas (resulting in suspension of interior operations and lost revenue) or installing new decking directly over the damaged areas which can transfer corrosion to the new deck. This research conducts structural and durability analyses on a novel proposed re-roofing concept that installs a new metal roof deck over the existing deck by using a proprietary deck strap resulting in no interruption of interior processes. Preliminary structural analysis shows the proposed concept to be applicable to generic conditions around Southern Ontario. Recommendations for project specific structural analysis are made. Durability analysis demonstrates that the proposed concept system improves hygrothermal performance of the roof assembly in all cases except when insulation in the existing roof assembly is saturated. Saturated insulation should be removed prior to installing the re-roofing system.
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9

Harshitha, M. N. y S. Vivek. "Affordable Roofing System with Square and Rectangular Dome Panels". Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, n.º 4 (22 de julio de 2021): 2941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2330.

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Affordable roofing is a word, which refers to residence units or habitation units whose prices are assumed/expected to be affordable or economical to a category of community with an identified remuneration limit or scale. Structural roofs are taken in to computation for considerable or valuable price of building in ordinary condition. Thus some savings accomplished in roofing operation or roofing system, significantly decreases the price of the structural units or building unit. In India, BMTPC (Building material and technology promotion council) and HUDCO ( Housing and urban development corporation limited) are the main tow organization or council who have been advertising or promoting appropriate building material and construction technologies in different territory or division of the country. In this roofing, systemized, standardized, advanced roofing units or parts have been used to avoid the temporary structures like shuttering. Hence, the roofing will be economical and progress of work is fast which ensures better in quality. Even though the studies, experiments or researching on this affordable roofing system as not been completely utilized as in other sector or region, a concentrated examination or exploration is to be done to verify the prefabricated roofing which would change the common roofing procedure. The major requisite of choosing affordable roofing system is to develop or advance the rapidity in construction and to decrease the price. In the current work, staadpro software is used for designing the precast RCC roofs and analysis of joist by analytical study using the finite element method. The outcomes which manifest the satisfactory volume of price or cost depletion for various set of panels. In this design, we have considered two least dimensions of 0.5m and 0.75m panels. The aspect ratios which is varying from 1 to 2 and the price depletion is of 0.4% to 9.4% for the least dimension of 0.5m panels. Likewise aspect ratio varying from 1 to 2 with a price depletion from 19.7% to 34.7% for a least dimensions of 0.75m panel size. As the size of the panels increases it becomes cost effective. The preferred roofing system was found to be more cost beneficial as compared with regular RCC roofing system with the increase in dimension of the slab. The roofing system is designed considering M20 concrete and fe415 steel. The beam system panels are precasted and can be easily placed in the position. 3 to 5 masons are enough to easily handle the loads of panels and primary, secondary beam because of weights of panels are less as compare to Conventional slabs. The affordable roofing systems requires lesser time for construction when compare to conventional RCC slab. The major advantage of this roofing is that false roofing works is not required for the dome shaped portion. This dome shaped portion sealing gives good attractive or decorative appearance. The cost analysis made between conventional roofing system and proposed roofing system indicates a cost reduction or depletion of 40% when compare to RCC slab of same size.
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Аполлонский, S. Apollonskiy, Коровченко y P. Korovchenko. "Electromagnetic Fields in Urbanized Space with Metal Roof". Safety in Technosphere 2, n.º 3 (25 de junio de 2013): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/449.

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The roofing iron influence on distribution of electromagnetic fields in the air environment of urbanized space is considered. The approximate calculation method of this influence is given. Possible impact on human being is estimated.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Iron and steel Roofing"

1

Pantoja, Ayala Hector Hugo. "Improving the thermal performance of a light-weight metal roof in hot climates cHector Hugo Pantoja Ayala". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61986.

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Carballo, Manuel. "Strength of z-purlin supported standing seam roof systems under gravity loading". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45952.

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The objective of the Standing Seam Roof Systems Research Project at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is to develop a design procedure for the strength of Z-purlin supported standing seam roof systems under gravity leading. Various approaches were taken to calculate the strength of systems with either torsional restraint, third point span restraint, or midspan restraint. Since few test results are available for single and three span continuous, two purlin line systems, the primary focus of this research is analytical. Even though the test setup used for these tests does not represent actual field conditions, the data obtained will be extremely useful in the development of analytical models to predict system strength. However, at least four multiple purlin line tests will be required to verify the accuracy of the design procedure. The analytical formulation will include the effects of sliding friction in the clips and "drape" restraint effects of the standing seam deck.


Master of Science
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3

Tang, Louis. "Local failures of steel cladding systems under wind uplift". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36042/1/36042_Tang_1997.pdf.

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The profiled steel roof and wall cladding systems in Australia are commonly made of very thin high tensile steels, and are fastened with screw fasteners at their crests. In contrast, the steel cladding systems in the USA and Europe are made of thicker mild steels, and are valley-fixed. Furthermore, the design of cladding systems in Australia is governed by wind uplift/suction loading whereas gravity load governs the USA/Europe cladding systems. Since Australian Standards such as AS 1562-1990 (Design and Installation of Roof and Wall Claddings) do not provide suitable design formulae for crestfixed steel roof and wall cladding systems that are commonly used in Australia, the design of steel cladding systems is at present based on laboratory testing. The adoption of the American/European design specifications in the new edition of Cold-formed Steel Structures AS4600-1996, is questionable with regard to its __ sy.itability and applicability to the crest-fixed Australian steel cladding systems. On the other hand, the current practice of testing individual steel roof and wall products is inadequate and inefficient. Therefore, there is a need for specific research and investigation on crest-fixed steel cladding systems under conditions unique to Australia and its neighbouring countries. This research project was aimed at improving the understanding of the behaviour of crest-fixed steel cladding systems under wind uplift/suction loading, in particular, the local failures in steel roof and wall cladding systems, and to develop appropriate design formulae for the Australian building industry without the need for individual cladding testing. To achieve these objectives, a detailed experimental study using both two-span cladding systems and suitable small scale sheeting models, and finite element analyses were used. The two most important local failures observed in the steel cladding systems, the pull-out failure, and local dimpling and/or pullthrough/ pull-over failure, were investigated and appropriate design formulae have been developed. The splitting phenomenon observed with the pull-through/pull-over failure could not be modelled adequately by the available finite element programs without a suitable failure criterion. Hence, the design formulae developed here for pullthrough/ pull-over failure have some limitations, but avenues for further research have been identified and discussed in this thesis.
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Ho, Ho-chuen Federick. "Ferrous metal balance of Hong Kong : consumption, waste generation, recycling and disposal /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734893.

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Ahmad, J. "Dephosphorisation of molten iron and steel". Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379756.

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Yin, Maggie Huaying Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Metal dusting of iron and low alloy steel". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25188.

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Metal dusting is a kind of catastrophic corrosion phenomenon that can be observed in several of petrochemical processes. It occurs on iron-, nickel- and cobalt-base metals in carbonaceous atmospheres at high temperature when gaseous carbon activity is higher than one. The process is particularly rapid for ferritic alloys The aim of this project was to compare the dusting kinetics of pure iron and a 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy steel under CO-H2-H2O atmosphere at 650??C. Polished (3??m) samples of iron and the steel were exposed to flowing CO-H2-H2O gas atmospheres at 650??C, when the gases were supersaturated with respect to graphite. The partial pressure of CO was varied between 0.25 and 0.9 atm, and the carbon activity was varied from 2.35 to 16, in order to obtain a series of experimental conditions. In most experiments, pO2 was less than 7.37E-24 atm, and no iron oxide could form. However, Cr2O3 would always have been stable. When exposed to these gases, both iron and steel developed a surface scale of Fe3C which was buried beneath a deposit of carbon, containing iron-rich nanoparticles (the dust). Examination by Scanning Electron Microscopy allowed the observation of fine and coarse carbon nanotubes, and also spiral filaments. However, the morphology of the graphitic carbon was not sensitive to pCO and aC. Moreover, the carbon deposit was gas permeable, allowing continuing gas access to the underlying metal. At a fixed=4.5, the carburizing rate clearly increased with CO content from 0.25 to 0.68 atm. However, increasing the CO content to higher value led to decreased rates, indicating that carburizing rate reaches a maximum value at pCO=0.68 atm. When pCO was fixed at 0.25 atm and 0.68 atm, and carbon activity was varied. The induction period was extended by the formation of protective oxide layers at low values of carbon activity (aC= 2.35 and 2.55) where pO2 exceed the iron oxide formation value. For other reaction conditions, the carbon uptake rate for iron and steel did not increase with aC. The present work showed that the carbon deposition rates were not proportional to pCO or pCOpH2. Instead, the rate was affected by the partial pressure of all three reaction gases, and the carbon uptake rate for both materials could be expressed at r=k1pCOpH2+k2pCO2+k3pH22 and the rate constant k3 has a negative value, corresponding to coke gasification. From XRD analyses, it was found that cementite was the only iron-containing phase in the dusting product. The cementite particles acted as catalysts for carbon deposition from the gas. The same deposition process at the surface of the cementite layer led to its disintegration, thereby producing the particles. This disintegration process was faster on the steel than on pure iron. Consequently, the rates of both metal wastage and coke accumulation were faster for the steel. It is concluded that chromium and molybdenum do not stabilize the carbide but accelerate its disintegration process. It is suggested that Cr2O3 fine particles in the cementite layers provide more nucleation sites in the cementite layer on steel, explaining its more rapid dusting kinetics. However, appropriate methods of proving this assumption, such as TEM and FIB, are required.
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Xu, Jingsi M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Energy intensity in China's iron and steel sector". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67246.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108).
In this study, I examine the spatial and economic factors that influence energy intensity in China's iron and steel sector, namely industrial value added, renovation investment, coke consumption, and local coke supply. Despite the recognition of the importance of these spatial and economic factors in understanding energy intensity in the steel industry, the municipal and provincial governments of China have failed to integrate them into their energy policy making. Therefore, in order to seek the most effective ways of reducing energy intensity and to encourage energy conservation behavior in China's iron and steel sector, I make three simulations based on the (1) shifts in direct energy efficiency in the sector, (2) coke consumption during the iron and steel making processes, and (3) manufacturing material transportation. I propose an analytical framework for examining the differences in energy intensity at the regional level that are attributed to these spatial and economic factors. More specifically, among these four key factors presented in the multi-level regression models, I identify three factors-industrial value added, renovation investment, and coke consumption indices- as "spatial-level" or "time-variant" factors. I treat the fourth one-local coke supply-as the only "temporal-level" or "time-invariant" factor. I present three major implications for the energy policy-making regarding the development of a "green" iron and steel sector in China. First, when I incorporate all four key factors-industrial value added, renovation investment, coke consumption, and local coke supply-I obtain significantly improved overall exploratory power of the regional-level energy intensity model. Second, the results of my national-level input-output analysis show that policy makers should focus on the changes in total energy intensity, which includes both direct (40 percent) and indirect (60 percent) energy intensity, to design, implement, and evaluate energy-efficient policies for China's iron and steel sector. Third, my study sheds light on the most recent national-level development plan the "1 2 th Five-Year' Plan-and I argue that by adopting efficient industrial structure upgrading strategies, the iron and steel sector can dramatically reduce the national energy consumption in China in the near future.
by Jingsi Xu.
M.C.P.
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8

Ekengård, Johan. "Slag/Metal Metallurgy in Iron and Steel Melts". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187228.

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In this work, the metal and slag phase mixing in three steps of a ladle refining operation of steel melts and for an oxygen balance during cooling of cast iron melts have been studied at two Swedish steel plants and at two Swedish cast iron foundries, respectively. In order to predict the oxygen activity in the steel bulk in equilibrium with the top slag as well as in metal droplets in the top slag in equilibrium with the top slag, three slag models were used. In addition, the assumptions of a sulphur-oxygen equilibrium between steel and slag and the dilute solution model for the liquid steel phase were utilized in the calculations. Measured oxygen activities in steel bulk, which varied between 3.5-6 ppm, were compared to predicted oxygen activities. The differences between the predicted and measured oxygen activities were found to be significant (0-500%) and the reasons for the differences are discussed in the thesis. Slag samples have been evaluated to determine the distribution of the metal droplets. The results show that the relatively largest numbers of metal droplets are present in the slag samples taken before vacuum degassing. Also, the projected interfacial area between steel bulk and top slag has been compared to the interfacial area between the metal droplets and slag. The results show that the droplet-slag interfacial area is 3 to 14 times larger than the flat projected interfacial area between the steel and top slag. Furthermore, the effect of the reactions between top slag and steel and the slag viscosity on the metal droplet formation is discussed. The results show significant differences between the steel bulk and steel droplet compositions and the reasons for the differences are discussed in the thesis. The oxygen activity in different cast irons was studied. Plant trials were performed at three occasions for lamellar, compacted and nodular iron melts. The results show that at temperatures close to the liquidus temperature the oxygen activities were 0.03-0.1 ppm for LGI, around 0.02 ppm for CGI, and 0.001ppm for SGI. In addition, it was found that as the oxygen activities increased with time after an Mg treatment, the ability to form a compact graphite or a nodular graphite in Mg-treated iron melts was decreased. Also, extrapolated oxygen activity differences up to 0.07 ppm were found for different hypoeutectic iron compositions for lamellar graphite iron at the liquidus temperature. Overall, the observed differences in the dissolved oxygen levels were believed to influence how graphite particles are incorporated into the austenite matrix and how the graphite morphology will be in the cast product.

QC 20160518

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9

Tognarelli, Donna M. "Heavy metal mobility in iron and steel waste". Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742768.

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Ionescu, Denisa V. "The hydraulic potential of high iron bearing steel slags". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0018/NQ46358.pdf.

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Libros sobre el tema "Iron and steel Roofing"

1

Coughlin, Peter E. Steel versus tile roofing: What's appropriate for Kenya? [Nairobi: s.n., 1985.

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2

Canada, Metallic Roofing Co of. What the people say. Toronto: Bryant Press, 1991.

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3

Byrdy, Czesław. Projektowanie konstrukcji lekkich ścian i dachów z blach fałdowych. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska, 1987.

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W, Selves N., ed. Profiled sheet roofing and cladding: A guide to good practice. 3a ed. London: E & FN Spon, 1999.

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Hosford, William F. Iron and steel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Nixon, Brian. Iron and steel. Lancs: GSN, 1987.

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Steel, British, ed. Roofing and cladding in steel: Product selector. Newport (Gwent): BSC Strip Mill Products, 1985.

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Division, Indian Bureau of Mines Ore Dressing. Iron & steel, vision 2020. Nagpur: Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, Ministry of Mines, Government of India, 2011.

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Steel, British, ed. Iron and steel specifications. 7a ed. London: British Steel, 1989.

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Clinch, Richard P. International iron & steel markets. [Cleveland Heights, Ohio]: Leading Edge Reports, 1988.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Iron and steel Roofing"

1

Hicks, John. "Application of Steel Roofing". En Building a Roll-Off Roof Observatory, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76611-9_10.

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Hicks, John Stephen. "Applying the Steel Roofing". En The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, 111–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3011-1_10.

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Dronov, A. V. "Structural Analysis of Steel Membrane Roofing". En Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 289–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72910-3_42.

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John, Vernon. "Iron and Steel". En Introduction to Engineering Materials, 221–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21976-6_16.

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John, V. B. "Iron and Steel". En Engineering Materials, 106–30. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10185-6_6.

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Zarach, Stephanie. "Iron and Steel". En Debrett’s Bibliography of Business History, 143–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08984-0_32.

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Hummel, Rolf E. "Iron and Steel". En Understanding Materials Science, 138–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2972-6_8.

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Soutsos, Marios y Peter Domone. "Iron and steel". En Construction Materials, 111–24. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164595-13.

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Zarach, Stephanie. "Iron and Steel". En British Business History, 167–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13185-3_31.

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Bolton, William y R. A. Higgins. "Iron and steel". En Materials for Engineers and Technicians, 139–54. Seventh edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003082446-11.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Iron and steel Roofing"

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Liu, Yijie y Yunshi Zhou. "Urban Iron and Steel Waste Landscape". En 2017 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society (EMCS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcs-17.2017.289.

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Wang, Wei, Zhengliang Xu, Guojun Ma, Hong Xiao, Xiuying Guo y Lingzhi Xing. "Producing Iron Nuggets with Steel Making Wastes". En 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5518019.

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Arai, K. I., K. Ishiyama y H. Mogi. "Iron loss of tertiary recrystallized silicon steel". En International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1989.690255.

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Arroyabe, Aitor Elorriaga Fernandez de. "FLUXES FOR INTEGRATED IRON & STEEL PRODUCERS". En 9° Simpósio Brasileiro de Aglomeração de Minérios. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-357x-39594.

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Hui Huang, Wen Xu, Wei Zhou, Binglin Zheng y Tianyou Chai. "Research on molten iron logistics balance model in iron-steel correspondence scheduling". En 2010 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2010.5554959.

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Brooks, G., I. Ignacio, M. Pownceby, W. Rankin y M. Rhamdhani. "Porosity in Iron Ore Sintering". En AISTech 2022 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference. AIST, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/386/215.

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Druschitz, Alan P. y David C. Fitzgerald. "Lightweight Iron and Steel Castings for Automotive Applications". En SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0679.

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Johnson, Jerold y Bhagabati Misra. "Paste thickeners in India’s iron and steel industry". En Paste 2021: 24th International Conference on Paste, Thickened and Filtered Tailings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2115_14.

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Helmerich, Rosemarie. "How to assess historic iron and steel bridges". En IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.468.

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Resumen
The early industrialization process required a higher and higher developed infrastructure to transfer more and more people and goods. These requirements lead to the development of new materials that can resist the higher loading, to advances in mechanical engineering, more sophisticated calculation methods and transfer of all these advances to infrastructure to build longer spanning or higher rising structures. During the 18th and 19th century, the advances in industrialization resulted in new production processes, for iron, too. After using iron in mechanical engineering, it was applied to infrastructure as well [1]. Today, these first old iron and early mild steel structures belong to the cultural and technical heritage of the world. When looking at them as an assessing engineer, it is in favour understanding the production process, the resulting microstructure and the mechanical properties of the specific material. Any historic iron structure requires special knowledge about connections, structural design and of course, the material behaviour [2]. The paper presents these basics and some guiding documents on how to “engineer the past”. Selected representative heritage structures made of cast iron, wrought iron and early mild iron as well their material- and structurespecific requirements on rehabilitation are presented. Appropriate assessment procedures, developed e.g. in technical committees and European projects, allow us keeping the witnesses of the early industrialisation in service and the surviving structures being still in use. Finally, the background documents prepared in Europe will be shortly presented to guide the assessment of old iron bridges considering the past but in line with modern methodology. The background documents support the implementation, harmonization and further development of the Eurocodes for assessment, not only for design.
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Guoguang Zhang. "Optimization production plan for iron and steel enterprises". En 2012 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2012.6333552.

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Informes sobre el tema "Iron and steel Roofing"

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none,. Iron and Steel Footprint, December 2010 (MECS 2006). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218672.

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Bowman, Mark y Amy Piskorowski. Evaluation and Repair of Wrought Iron and Steel Structures in Indiana. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313207.

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Schumacher, Katja y Jayant Sathaye. India's iron and steel industry: Productivity, energy efficiency and carbon emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octubre de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/753016.

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Mohn, W. R. y M. J. Topolski. Evaluation of the fabricability of advanced iron aluminide-clad austenitic stainless steel tubing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julio de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10182766.

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Cohen, A. y M. Blander. Removal of copper from carbon-saturated steel with an aluminum sulfide/iron sulfide slag. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510297.

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Hasanbeigi, Ali, Lynn Price y Marlene Arens. Emerging Energy-efficiency and Carbon Dioxide Emissions-reduction Technologies for the Iron and Steel Industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172118.

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Worrell, Ernst, N. Martin y L. Price. Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction opportunities in the U.S. Iron and Steel sector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julio de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760282.

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Morrow, III, William R., Ali Hasanbeigi, Jayant Sathaye y Tengfang Xu. Assessment of Energy Efficiency Improvement and CO2 Emission Reduction Potentials in India's Iron and Steel Industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172248.

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Zhang, Qi, Ali Hasanbeigi, Lynn Price, Hongyou Lu y Marlene Arens. A Bottom-up Energy Efficiency Improvement Roadmap for China’s Iron and Steel Industry up to 2050. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342938.

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Hasanbeigi, Ali, Lynn Price, Nathaniel Aden, Zhang Chunxia, Li Xiuping y Shangguan Fangqin. A Comparison of Iron and Steel Production Energy Use and Energy Intensity in China and the U.S. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050727.

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