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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Lawn Rangers"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 16 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Lawn Rangers"

Le Khac, Dong, Ao Xuan Hoa, Luyen Nguyen Tai, Nha Thi Huynh Nguyen y Kuaanan Techato. "Monitoring of Field Patrolling Efforts, Vietnam: Insights from a Forest Station in Pu Hu Nature Reserve". Sustainability 13, n.º 15 (28 de julio de 2021): 8407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158407.

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In the various protected areas such as nature reserves and national parks in Vietnam, ranger patrols are crucial for protecting forest resources against the increasing threats from fringe communities. Previous studies have investigated ranger patrol efforts (RPEs) in conservation areas using conventional measures in terms of illegal activities encountered, but there has been little research into indices related to RPEs in the field, both worldwide and particularly in Vietnam. This paper explores various indices of RPEs and other aspects of forest patrolling at a local level. The number of rangers and patrol-days strongly influences the distance walked and the number of patrol-hours. However, neither the rainy season nor the Lunar New Year festival had any significant effect on patrol efforts, nor was there any effect on the relative altitude covered or the speed of patrolling during the long Lunar New Year vacation. Management responsible for protecting forest areas needs to consider the full scope of rangers’ efforts and identify the qualities of motivated staff. Our findings suggested ways in which rangers’ capacity to promote conservation may be assessed in the future.

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Zhou, Lili, Dandan Wang, Zhonglin Mu, Xiaoli Xi y Lifeng He. "LF Radio Wave Prediction at Short Ranges With High Propagation Angles Over Irregular Terrain". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16 (2017): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2016.2601138.

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Arumugam, Darmindra D. "Single-Anchor 2-D Magnetoquasistatic Position Sensing for Short to Long Ranges Above Ground". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15 (2016): 1325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2015.2507603.

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Mattioni, L. y G. Marrocco. "Design of a Broadband HF Antenna for Multimode Naval Communications---Part II: Extension to VHF/UHF Ranges". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 6 (2007): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2007.893094.

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Zhou, Lili, Jingjing Yan, Zhonglin Mu, Yurong Pu, Qiaoqiao Wang y Lifeng He. "Field-Strength Variations of LF One-Hop Sky Waves Propagation in the Earth–Ionosphere Waveguide at Short Ranges". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2019): 1780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2929780.

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Anishchenko, I. E., Ya M. Golovanov, O. Yu Zhigunov y L. M. Abramova. "Vegetation of the lawns of the Ufa city (Republic of Bashkortostan)". Vegetation of Russia, n.º 36 (12 de diciembre de 2019): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2019.36.25.

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The article presents the results of the classification of lawn vegetation of the Ufa city. Lawns are the most common element of urban landscapes which, as a rule, occupy 60–80 % of the total green area of cities. A lawn is a community of herbs growing on a uniform area and forming a turf cover for which mixture of seeds of perennial cereals is selected on the basis of local climatic conditions and soil, as well as having in mind the purpose of the lawn. The research was conducted in 2018 in the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan — the Ufa city with a population of 1100 thousand people. The Ufa city (54°44′00″ N and 55°58′00″ E) is situated on the banks of the Belaya River, at the Ufa and Dema rivers confluence, on the Pribelskaya hilly plain, 100 km west of the Southern Ural ranges within the northern part of forest-steppe zone. The city area is 707.93 km², the length from north to south is 53.5 km, that from west to east is 29.8 km in the widest part. The climate is temperate continental. The mean annual air temperature is 3.8 °С; the amount of precipitation is 589 mm. Negative mean monthly temperatures are typical for five months a year; some frosts are possible all over the year except July and August. The mean January temperature is –14.6 °С, with absolute minimum –54 °С; this of July is 19 °С, with absolute maximum 40 °С. The frost-free period averages 137 days. 100 relevés (authors Anishchenko I. E. and Zhigunov O. Yu.) of various types of lawns were included in the base of synanthropic vegetation of settlements of the Republic of Bashkortostan by using the TURBOVEG program (Hennekens, 1995). The size of the sample plot is 4 m2. The species abundance was evaluated on the Braun-Blanquetscale (Mirkin, Naumova, 1998). Names of species are given according to S. K. Cherepanov (1995), and P. F. Mayevskiy (2014). The classification was carried out using the Braun-Blanquetmethod (Braun-Blanquet, 1964; Westhoff, Maarel, 1978) by using the JUICE program (Tichý, 2002); the names of the new units are in accordance with the “Code of phytosociological nomenclature” (Weber et al., 2005). All syntaxa were compared with the units previously described in the Republic of Bashkortostan and other regions (Ishbirdin et al., 1989; Vegetace..., 2007; and others). Synoptic tables are given in reduced form with species of constancy III and higher in one or several syntaxa. The names of the higher syntaxa are given after “Vegetation of Europe...” (Mucina et al., 2016). The Prodromus includes four associations related to class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and alliance Cynosurion cristati: Leontodonto–Poetum pratensis Anishchenko et Ishbirdina in Ishbirdina et al. 1989 ex Anishchenko et al. ass. nov. hoc loco (with two subassociations and four facies, see below); Poo pratensis–Plantaginetum majoris Ishbirdin et al. 1988, Inulo britannicae–Trifolietum repentis Solomeshch in Ishbirdin et al. 1988, Lolietum perennis Gams 1927. Associations and subassociations reflect disturbance of lawns due to trampling expressed in the larger number of synanthropic species and partly in dominance of the cereals that enter into the lawn grass mixtures. Over the past 30 years, the vegetation of lawns in the Ufa city has drastically changed due to variations in the composition of sown grass mixtures. The ass. Leontodonto–Poetum pratensis is the main lawn association of the Ufa city. It combines coenoses of various types of lawns — from seed to roll ones. Dominants are species of the alliance Cynosurion cristati (Amoria repens, Leontodon autumnalis, Medicago lupulina, Taraxacum officinale, etc.) and the class Polygono–Poetea annuae (Lepidotheca suaveolens, Plantago major, Poa annua, etc.), resistant to the mowing and trampling. The main factor in community differentiation is anthropogenic disturbance, according to which 2 subassociations are distinguished: L.–P. p. typicum subass. nov. hoc loco (Tables 4, 5; nomenclature type: (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 4, relevé 15: Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Monument Druzhby, 16.07.2018, 54.71176 N, 55.96351 E. Authors — I. E. Anishchenko, O. Yu. Zhigunov) — less disturbed lawns and L.–P. p. cichorietosum intybi subass. nov. hoc loco (Tables 6, 7; nomenclature type: (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 6, relevé 14: Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Komsomolskaya str., 108 а, 17.07.2018, 54.75213 N, 56.00659 E. Authors — I. E. Anishchenko, O. Yu. Zhigunov) — more disturbed ones with high amount of the synanthropic species. The type of grass mixture sown also influences on the coenoflora composition. Four facies are distinguished within both subassociations according to variations in abundance of cereals: typica (prevalence of Poa pratensis) (Fig. 1) in subass. typicum; Festuca rubra (Fig. 2) in both ones (disturbed and non disturbed lawns); Festuca pratensis in subass. cichorietosum intybi. The comparative analysis given in Table 1 showed the stability of the floristic composition of communities, lawns formed by grass mixes of various types: both seed and roll. The differences are either in the degree of weediness of the lawns, or in the nature of the dominance of individual cereals. A comparison of the associations of the union Cynosurion cristati described on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Table 2) showed that in urban conditions the constancy and abundance of meadow species (Lathyrus pratensis, Phleum pratense, Prunella vulgaris, Ranunculus polyanthemos, Stellaria graminea, etc.) are significantly reduced. while these values for synanthropic species (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Tripleurospermum perforatum, etc.) are naturally increasing. This fact suggests specificity of communities of ass. Leontodonto–Poetum pratensis in the system of the union Cynosurion cristati. The associations Inulo britannicae–Trifolietum repentis (Table 10) and Poo pratensis–Plantaginetum majoris (Table 9, Fig. 3) unites old degraded lawns under trampling and are close to similar communities of ruderal vegetation. The ass. Lolietum perennis (Table 11, Fig. 4) is an example of the “introduction” of West European lawns, due to the use of grass mixtures with Lolium perenne. The vegetation of rolled and seeded lawns is not significantly different. In comparison with the syntaxa from different regions of Russia and Europe the lawn communities of the Southern Urals are more clogged and have more thermophilic species such as Carduus acanthoides, Cichorium intybus, Tripleurospermum perforatum, etc. Changes in their composition since 1980s are associated with the use of modern grass mixtures with other grasses.

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Moreto, William D. y A. M. Lemieux. "Poaching in Uganda: Perspectives of Law Enforcement Rangers". Deviant Behavior 36, n.º 11 (11 de julio de 2015): 853–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2014.977184.

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Половникова, Марина Григорьевна y Ольга Леонидовна Воскресенская. "Total nitrogen content in vegetative organs of lawn plants in urban environment". Herald of Tver State University. Series: Biology and Ecology, n.º 1(57) (2 de noviembre de 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtbio139.

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В условиях городской среды в вегетативных органах газонных растений (клевер луговой, мятлик луговой) определяли содержание общего азота. В работе использовались растения трех возрастных состояний: виргинильные (v), средневозрастные генеративные (g2) и субсенильные (ss). По мере усиления загрязнения среды и в ходе онтогенеза уменьшалось содержание общего азота в листьях и корнях газонных растений. При этом повышенное содержание общего азота в вегетативных органах было характерно для особей Trifolium pratense L. по сравнению с особями Poa pratensis L Total nitrogen content was determined in the vegetative organs of lawn plants (Trifolium pratense L., Poa pratensis L.) in the urban environment. We used plants of three age ranges: virginile (v), middle-aged generative (g2), and subsenile (ss). As pollution increased as well as during ontogenesis, the total nitrogen content in the leaves and roots of lawn plants decreased. The increased content of total nitrogen in vegetative organs was typical for individuals Trifolium pratense L. compared with individuals Poa pratensis L.

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Lockhart, Thomas. "The Status of Value-ranges in the Argument of Basic Laws of Arithmetic I §10". History and Philosophy of Logic 38, n.º 4 (20 de junio de 2017): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2017.1330642.

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ETEMESI, NDUKU ISSA, PETER K. SIRMAH y JOSIAH CHEPKWONY. "Work environment and the performance of forest rangers in South West Mau Forest, Kenya". Asian Journal of Forestry 2, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r020202.

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Etemesi NI, Sirmah PK, Chepkwony J. 2018. Work environment and the performance of forest rangers in South West Mau Forest, Kenya. Asian J For 2: 46-53. The objective of this research was to evaluate and understand how the working environment of Kenya Forest Service (KFS) forest rangers affects their performance. The Rangers, under the Enforcement and Compliance Division (ENCOM) of KFS are mandated to implement the enforcement of laws and policies pertaining to forests and its allied resources as prescribed in the Kenya Forest Act of 2005. Qualitative research approach was employed in the data collection by the use of structured questionnaires in four forest stations. From a population of 46 rangers, 32 rangers, 8 serving in each of the three forest stations {Londiani, Masaita, and Sorget} of Kericho Zone, Mau complex and the Kericho Ecosystem Conservator's Office were sampled randomly. A pre-tested questionnaire on demographic trends, duration of service, work environment variables constituting of remuneration, living conditions, motivation, appraisals, rewards, empowerment, communication, work tools, mobility, uniforms, challenges, and personal life were administered in January 2016. The performance indicators gave dissatisfaction rates of 59% and 63% in most of the parameters tested. Comparison of the finding of this study with the findings of the surveys of 2010 and 2013 in different conservancies in Kenya gave an index of 51.4% and 56.74% satisfaction respectively. The results, therefore, denote a progressive correlation between the working conditions drivers and the performance of forest rangers. Kenya Forest Service under ENCOM Division has a responsibility and large task to improve the working conditions and environment of the rangers. No matter how efficient conservation and regeneration programs may be undertaken while enforcement lags behind the cumulative performance of the entire process shall ever record dismal performance. More radical measures must be undertaken to enhance the performance and productivity of rangers through motivation, improving both their intrinsic and extrinsic working environment. KFS must as well acknowledge that low employee satisfaction rates shall ever incapacitate the forest rangers performance.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Lawn Rangers"

Glenn, Erik y Cori Dolan. "Arizona's Open Range "Law"". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146295.

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3 pp.
Livestock are still an important part of rural life in Arizona. As more and more homes have been built adjacent to areas traditionally used for cattle grazing, the potential for conflict between livestock owners and homeowners has increased. Regardless of whether you yourself own large animals, you must be aware of your responsibilities towards your neighbors' livestock. The details of your responsibilities--and your liability--depend in large part upon where you live and whether you have a suitable fence around your property.

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Kapner, Daniel J. "A short-range test of Newton's gravitational inverse-square law /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9694.

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Pinkevičius, Darius. "Šalių bendradarbiavimo pareiga vykdant statybos rangos sutartį". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20110709_152151-14770.

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Darbe nagrinėjami šalių bendradarbiavimo pareigos vykdant statybos rangos sutartį teoriniai ir praktiniai aspektai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje siūlomas šios pareigos apibrėžimas, klasifikuojami pareigą sudarantys elementai, aptariama pareigos apimtis, ribos, reikšmė. Bendradarbiavimo pareiga statybos rangos atžvilgiu suprantama labai plačiai, kaip apimanti įvairaus pobūdžio šalių veiksmus, būtinus, kad būtų pasiektas statybos rangos sutarties tikslas. Antroji darbo dalis skirta praktiniams aptariamos pareigos aspektams ir su jais susijusioms problemoms aptarti. Šioje dalyje nagrinėjami šalių bendradarbiavimo pareigos klausimai susiję su statybos leidimo pateikimu, statybvietės sąlygomis, darbų atlikimu su užsakovo medžiagomis, projektinės dokumentacijos pateikimu ir pranešimu apie jos klaidas, neatitikimus, darbų perdavimu – priėmimu, darbų pakeitimais ir t.t. Darbe kritiškai vertinamas kai kurių statybos rangos sutarties sričių teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvoje, t.y. atsakomybės neproporcingas paskirstymas tuo atveju, kai darbai atliekami su užsakovo pateiktomis netinkamomis medžiagomis, atliktų darbų perdavimo – priėmimo kriterijai ir t.t. Analizuojami klausimai dėl užsakovo ir genrangovo teisės kontroliuoti darbus, o būtent tai, kad darbų kontrolė yra tapusi ne teise, o pareiga. Aptariami kiti veiksniai įtakojantys statybos rangos sutarties šalių bendradarbiavimą vykdant statybos rangos sutartį. Trečioje darbo dalyje pristatoma alternatyvi šalių bendradarbiavimą statybos rangos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This master thesis analyses practical and theoretical aspects concerning the parties’ obligation to cooperate in the performance of a construction contract. The first part of the work proposes the definition of such obligation, discuses the extent and limits of this obligation, also classifies its elements. The parties’ obligation to cooperate in the performance of a construction contract is understood very broadly and includes all reasonable actions of a party necessary to be taken in order to achieve the goals of the construction contract. The second part of the work analyses the practical aspects of the obligation and the problems that surround it. This part particularly deals with the questions of the cooperation concerning the delivery of the permission to build, the site conditions, delivery of the design projects and the contractor’s obligation to warn about any discrepancies therein, taking over of the works and so on. The work presents a critical approach to some spheres of legal regulation in Lithuania, i.e. disproportion of the liability concerning the work done with inappropriate materials presented by the employer, the criteria of the works that have to be taken over and so on. Another point analysed is the right of the employer or the main contractor to control the works which has actually transformed into an obligation. Also other factors are analysed that have the influence on the cooperation between the parties in the performance of a construction contract... [to full text]

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Jekentaitė, Ugnė. "Šalių atsakomybė statybos rangos santykiuose". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20110207_110620-89557.

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Magistro baigiamojo darbo tema – „Šalių atsakomybė statybos rangos santykiuose“. Raktiniai žodžiai: statyba, teisiniai statybos santykiai, statybos rangos santykiai, statybos rangos sutartis, subrangos sutartis, užsakovas, rangovas, subrangovas, atsakomybė. Sklandus ir efektyvus statybos proceso įgyvendinimas didžiąja dalimi priklauso nuo to, kaip aiškiai ir suprantamai statybos rangos sutartis ir teisės norminiai aktai apibrėžia sutarties šalių teises ir pareigas, paskirsto jų riziką bei atsakomybę už sutartinių prievolių netinkamą vykdymą. Atsižvelgiant į tai, darbe yra kompleksiškai analizuojami statybos rangos sutarties šalių atsakomybės pagrindai, nagrinėjamos problemas, susijusios su atsakomybės taikymu. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje atskleidžiama teisinių statybos santykių ir statybos rangos santykių samprata. Antrojoje dalyje apžvelgiama statybos rangos teisinius santykius reglamentuojančių teisės aktų sistema, pateikiamos statybos rangos santykių dalyvių sąvokos, atskleidžiamas jų teisinis subjektiškumas, nagrinėjama statybos rangos sutarties samprata ir jos esminės sąlygos, statybos rangos ir subrangos sutarčių santykis. Trečioji darbo dalis skirta išsamiai statybos rangos sutarties šalių – užsakovo, rangovo ir subrangovo – atsakomybės analizei: atskleidžiama jos specifika, taikymo pagrindai bei sąlygos, nagrinėjami atvejai, kai atsakomybė statybos rangos sutarties šaliai gali būti sumažinta arba panaikinta visa apimtimi, apžvelgiama LAT praktika, suformuota... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The subject of the master work – „The liability of the parties in legal construction relationship“. Keywords: construction, legal construction relationships, constuction contract, subconstruction contract, client, contractor, subcontractor, liability. Efficaciousness of the construction process for the most part depends on how clear and comprehensible the construction contract and legal acts define rights and obligations of the parties and divide between them risk and liability for an improper execution of the obligations. Taking it into consideration, in this work there is complex analysis of the legal basis for liability and problems, which are related to application of the liability. The first part of the work reveals conception of legal construction relationships. In the second part there is rewiev of the legal acts provided as well as the concepts of the parties.The author studies the conception of the construction contract, it‘s substantial conditions and relation between construction and subconstruction contracts. The third part of the work is committed to comprehensive analysis of the liability of the client, contractor and subcontractor: it reveals liability specific, basis and conditions of use, cases when liability can be reduced or avoided, provides the review of the Suprime Court of Lithuania practice, that was formed by solving cases for application of liability in legal construction relationships. The author, after accomplishing analysis of legal act... [to full text]

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Plott, James Read. "A Generalized Log-Law Formulation For a Wide Range of Boundary Roughness Conditions Encountered in Streams". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76866.

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It is demonstrated that the method for locating a velocity profile origin, or plane of zero velocity, by fitting log profiles to streamwise velocity measurements is applicable to a larger range of roughness scales than previously expected. Five different sets of detailed, experimental velocity measurements were analyzed encompassing sediment-scale roughness elements, roughness caused by rigid vegetation, and large-scale roughness elements comprised of mobile bedforms. The method resulted in similar values of normalized zero-plane displacement for all roughness types considered. The ratios of zero-plane displacement, dh, to roughness height, ks, were 0.20 and 0.26 for the sediment- and vegetation-scale experiments, respectively. The results for the two experiments with bedform dominated roughness were 0.34 and 0.41. An estimate of dh/ks ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 is therefore recommended for a range of roughness types with the higher end of the range being more appropriate for the larger, bedform-scale roughness elements, and the lower end for the sediment-scale roughness elements. In addition, it is demonstrated that the location of the plane of zero velocity is temporally constant even when the bed height is not. The effects of roughness element packing density were also examined with the identification of a possible threshold at 4%, above which zero-plane displacement is independent of packing density. The findings can be applied to field velocity measurements under mobile bed conditions, facilitating the calculation of turbulence parameters such as shear velocity, by using point measurements and providing guidelines for the estimation of an appropriate value for zero-plane displacement.
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Gricius, Kazys. "Rangos sutarties šalių, jų teisių ir pareigų teisinio reguliavimo praktiniai probleminiai aspektai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070105_143249-11552.

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Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe mėginama sisteminiu požiūriu atskleisti, ištirti ir įvertinti rangos sutarties sampratos ir dalyko požymius, šios sutarties šalių, bei jų teisių ir pareigų teisinio reglamentavimo, įtvirtinto LR CK, įstatymuose bei teismų praktikoje, sąlygotas teorines ir ypač praktines problemas. Darbe analizuojami esminiai rangos sutarties požymiai ir turinio sąlygos, dėl jų įgyvendinimo, kylantys praktiniai klausimai. Akcentuojama, jog rangos sutarties šalys įgyvendindamos savo teises ir pareigas, kurios yra priešpriešinio pobūdžio, privalo bendradarbiauti. Rangos sutarties subjektinė sudėtis nagrinėjama, atsižvelgiant į užsakovo ir rangovo sutartinių santykių ypatumus. Taip pat aptariami klausimai, kylantys dėl subrangos sutarties šalių teisių ir įsipareigojimų pasiskirstymo bei atsakomybės, susijusios su nepakankama subrangovo darbų kontrole, ribų.
The purpose of this article is to introduce problematical questions of legal regulation of independent work contract parties, their rights and obligations. The author has analyzed special legal literature and concentrates on problems determinate of legal regulation of Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. The article also provides for the review of conditions of independent work contract prepared by FIDIC and recommended for general use in case of engineering and building construction contracts. Independent work contractor is responsible for the means and methods to be used in the construction of the project in accordance with the contract of independent work agreement. General independent work contractor involves subcontractors to fill in the additional areas of work. In the author’s point of view contracting parties are fully obligated cooperate and be carefully performing the work under contract. A separate part of the article analyses certain aspects of particular rights and obligations of contracting parties. The contractor is obligated to take all necessary measures to ensure that the result of works satisfies regulations containing essential requirements and standards of quality established under the contract. Moreover, the contractor is responsible for damages that occur as a result of the contractor’s fault, and he is obligated to protect property of customer. Therefore, the article tries to analyze the customer’s obligation to take the result of work from... [to full text]

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Noda, Hiroyuki. "Fault constitutive laws for a wide range of slip rates and effects of thermal weakening processes on dynamic rupture propagation characteristics". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136895.

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Lee, Jae Min. "Automated checking of building requirements on circulation over a range of design phases". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34802.

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This study focuses on the development of a new, formal method for the automated checking of pedestrian circulation rules in Courthouse Design Guide. Automated building rule checking is an automated process of design evaluation against design requirements. Since the early 1970's, when the electronic representation of building design became available, automated building rule checking, a computational process, has been a focus of study, and it continues to be a popular research area because it facilitates the design evaluation process by reducing the checking time and evaluation costs and by increasing the objectivity and the reliability of the evaluation. Thanks to the emergence of BIM (Building Information Model) authoring software, BIM became available to use in real building design, and several automated building code checking systems were developed based on BIM. In practice, the use of a rule checking system in real design evaluation may be influenced by several factors. Among the factors that affect the accuracy and the reliability of automated checking such as checking algorithms and rule interpretation is the level of completeness of the BIM in the design process, which can cause limitations in the application of a rule checking algorithm to the model. Problems caused by the incompleteness of the BIM occurred in CORENET project, a project initiated by the Singapore government in 1999 for automation of building code checking, and GSA Courthouse Design Guide Automation project (GSA), initiated at Georgia Tech in 2007 also faced with the same problems caused by incompleteness of BIM in the development stage. This thesis is a continuing research of GSA-Courthouse Design Guide Automation project (Simply, GSA project). The theoretical goals of this study are to provide a logical foundation upon which one can build an automated checking module for circulation rule checking and that is capable of outlining the rule-validation process independently from its diverse implementation. The theory for circulation rule checking is devised to represent the process of the validation of a building design in the development stage. The theory deals with issues of validation caused by the lack of data in the development of a building design.

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Rosales, Sergio. "STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A BLAST LAYER FOR THE VIRTUAL RANGE PROJECT". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3543.

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In this work we develop a Blast-Propellant-Facility integrated analysis study, which evaluates, by using two different approaches, the blast-related impact of an explosive accident of the Space Shuttle during the first ten seconds after launch at Kennedy Space Center. The blast-related risk associated with an explosion at this stage is high because of the quantity of energy involved in both multiple and complex processes. To do this, one of our approaches employed BlastFX®, a software system that facilitates the estimation of the level of damage to people and buildings, starting from an explosive device and rendering results through a complete report that illustrates and facilitates the evaluation of consequences. Our other approaches employed the Hopkinson-Cranz Scaled Law for estimating similar features at a more distant distance and by evaluating bigger amounts of TNT equivalent. Specifically, we considered more than 500 m and 45,400 kg, respectively, which are the range and TNT content limits that our version of BlastFX® can cover. Much research has been done to study the explosion phenomena with respect to both solid and liquid propellants and the laws that underlie the blast waves of an explosion. Therefore our methodology is based on the foundation provided by a large set of literature review and the actual capacities of an application like BlastFX®. By using and integrating the lessons from the literature and the capabilities of the software, we have obtained very useful information for evaluating different scenarios that rely on the assumption, which is largely studied, that the blast waves' behavior is affected by the distance. All of this has been focused on the Space Shuttle system, in which propellant mass represents the source of our analysis and the core of this work. Estimating the risks involved in it and providing results based on different scenarios augments the collective knowledge of risks associated with space exploration.
M.S.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling and Simulation

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Bata, Hashim. "Towards the utility of a wider range of evidence in the derivation of Sharīʿa precepts : paradigm shift in contemporary Usūlī epistemology". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59632/.

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The fundamental distinction made in Shiite legal epistemology is that between qaṭʿ (certainty) and ẓann (conjecture). Contemporary Uṣūlī epistemology maintains that in the juristic process of the derivation of Sharīʿa precepts, a mujtahid is prohibited to use any evidence that gives rise to mere ẓann. Rather, he must only use evidence that gives qaṭʿ of Sharīʿa precepts. Furthermore, this discourse distinctly argues that a mujtahid can also derive knowledge of Sharīʿa precepts through the ẓann al-khāṣ (especial conjecture) that is emanated from evidence that is ẓannī (conjectural) by nature but is substantiated by the Divine Lawgiver Himself through other qaṭʿī (certainty bearing) evidence. This understanding effectively curtails the derivation of Sharīʿa precepts to only the textual evidence of the Qurʾān and sunna, and in the present day this textualist dependency can be criticised for contributing towards the gulf that exists between traditional Shiite jurisprudence and matters that are pertinent to contemporary societies. In light of this, this study critically analyses the contemporary discourse of Uṣūlī epistemology and explores whether it has the potential to legitimise the epistemic validity and utility of a wider range of evidence in the juristic process of deriving Sharīʿa precepts. It essentially focuses on the strength and rigour of the epistemological underpinnings that are maintained in Uṣūlī legal theory, and by highlighting that these underpinnings and the underlying epistemic assumptions that are prevalent in contemporary Uṣūlī legal epistemology are rationally derived, this study explains how and why the Uṣūlīs have been led to rationally give preference to textual evidence over nontextual evidence. This study concludes that Uṣūlī legal theory has the potential to, and moreover is required to, undergo an epistemological paradigm shift that permits the acceptance of the epistemic validity of a wider range of evidence, other than just those that emanate qaṭʿ or ẓann al-khāṣ.

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Libros sobre el tema "Lawn Rangers"

Barry, Dave, Tom Kacich y Pat Monahan. The history of the world famous Lawn Rangers: Through newsletters, correspondence, and other items of questionable taste and interest. Champaign, Ill: News-Gazette, 2010.

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Arizona Rangers. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2008.

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The Texas Rangers. New York NY: Chelsea House, 2011.

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Mike, Cox. The Texas Rangers. New York: Forge, 2008.

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Time of the rangers: Texas Rangers : from 1900 to the present. New York: Forge, 2009.

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A ranger's wife. Toronto: Harlequin Books, 1999.

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Tracking the Texas Rangers: The twentieth century. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 2013.

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Tracking the Texas Rangers: The nineteenth century. Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2012.

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Winchester warriors: Texas Rangers of Company D, 1874-1901. Denton, Tex: University of North Texas Press, 2009.

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The Texas Rangers: Men of valor and action. Austin, Tex: Eakin Press, 1991.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Lawn Rangers"

Rosenblatt, Murray. "Short Range and Long Range Dependence". En Asymptotic Laws and Methods in Stochastics, 283–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3076-0_15.

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Hutton, Peter, Ravi Mahajan y Allan Kellehear. "The range of belief paradigms". En Death, Religion and Law, 26–31. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429489730-4.

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Alder, John y David Wilkinson. "The Range of Legal Techniques". En Environmental Law and Ethics, 188–219. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14271-2_7.

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Newman, R. D., E. C. Berg y P. E. Boynton. "Tests of the Gravitational Inverse Square Law at Short Ranges". En Probing The Nature of Gravity, 227–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1362-3_13.

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Grigoriadis, Athanasios, Eleni Darra, Dimitrios Kavallieros, Evangelos Chaskos, Nicholas Kolokotronis y Xavier Bellekens. "Cyber Ranges: The New Training Era in the Cybersecurity and Digital Forensics World". En Security Informatics and Law Enforcement, 97–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69460-9_6.

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Nicolleau, F. C. G. A. "KS inertial range and validity of Richardson’s law". En Springer Proceedings in Physics, 891–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03085-7_213.

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Zhang, Mingzhu, Yuxin Yin, Xiaoyang Hao, Tingting Wang y Mingming Cui. "Dynamic Three Parameter Range Shifting Law of the Multi-range Hydro-Mechanical CVT". En Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 51–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70990-1_8.

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Simons, Peter. "Double Value-Ranges". En Essays on Frege's Basic Laws of Arithmetic, 167–81. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712084.003.0007.

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From the time of Begriffsschrift onwards, Frege treated functions of two or more places on a par with those of one place. This included the treatment of relations (Beziehungen) as a special case of polyadic functions in the way that concepts (Begriffe) were a special case of monadic functions. By the time of Grundgesetze (and unlike in Begriffsschrift), Frege dealt with relations largely through their extensions, which were what he called “double value-ranges” (Doppelwerthverläufe). This is in some ways a misnomer, since double value-ranges are simply a special case of single or ordinary value-ranges, namely value-ranges of functions derived from the value-ranges of monadic functions with additional saturated places. Frege’s treatment of the extensions of relations (which he came to call simply “Relationen”) thus embodies a move analogous to the treatment of polyadic functions as functions of functions, a device invented in 1920 by Moses Schönfinkel and since (unfairly) known in combinatory logic as “currying”. This paper considers the details of Frege’s Grundgesetze treatment of relations via their extensions, exhibits its grammar, and indicates its formal elegance by comparing it with other possible treatments.

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Weiner, Joan. "Why Does Frege Care Whether Julius Caesar is a Number? Section 10 of Basic Laws and the Context Principle". En Essays on Frege's Basic Laws of Arithmetic, 115–41. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712084.003.0005.

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In Basic Laws of Arithmetic, Frege defines numbers as value-ranges of functions. But what are value-ranges? Although he introduces the notion in §§3 and 9, in §10 he argues that these introductions are unsatisfactory. They do not determine, for each object, whether or not it is a value-range of a function. The worry sounds familiar: Frege earlier criticized a strategy for defining the numbers on the grounds that it will not tell us whether Julius Caesar is a number. But what comes next in §10 is notoriously mysterious. Frege claims to solve the problem of what the value-ranges are by stipulating that two particular value-ranges are truth values. There are three apparently intractable problems here. 1) How can we be entitled to stipulate that a particular value-range is a truth-value? Presumably, either the value-range in question already is a truth-value or not. 2) There are two truth-values but many more value-ranges. How could the two stipulations of §10 tell us what any of the other value-ranges are – or what, in general, the notion of the value-range of a function is? 3) Supposing these stipulations determine the value-ranges, what about Frege’s claim that the later introduction of a new function further determines the value-ranges? These apparent problems, I argue, are artifacts of the standard interpretation. They are easily solved once we understand the role Frege’s context principle is meant to be playing in this work.

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Steven, Hill. "Part V Global and Regional Security Mechanisms, Ch.57 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization". En The Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198827276.003.0058.

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This chapter focuses on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which is a political-military alliance that currently includes thirty Allied Nations. NATO Allies deal with a wide range of peace and security issues. NATO also cooperates with a wide range of partners in the broader Euro–Atlantic neighbourhood and across the globe. Its foundational document is the 1949 North Atlantic Treaty. The chapter then reviews the Treaty’s principal provisions to illustrate the general international legal framework in which NATO operates, the scope of its activities, and how and where it places the emphasis in its day-to-day work. It describes NATO’s role as a global security actor, reviewing NATO’s mission and mandate, its institutional structure, and its current priorities.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Lawn Rangers"

Broadston, R., Robert Hutchins, H. Titus y J. Swee. "Hybrid Guidance Laws for Improved Missile Intercept Ranges". En AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4654.

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Khoury, J., C. L. Woods, B. Haji-saeed, S. K. Sengupta, W. D. Goodhue y J. Kierstead. "A-law/μ-law Dynamic Range Compression Deconvolution‡". En Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2006.jsua4.

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"Method of Precise Control for Variable-Range Spray System with Lawn Sprinklers". En 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141898136.

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Haji-saeed, Bahareh, Sandip K. Sengupta, William D. Goodhue, Jed Khoury, Charles L. Woods y John Kierstead. "Dynamic range compression deconvolution using A-law and μ-law algorithms". En Defense and Security Symposium, editado por David P. Casasent y Tien-Hsin Chao. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.719585.

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Gray, Roger L. "Spiral guidance law for passive range estimation". En Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, editado por Michael K. Masten y Larry A. Stockum. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.156607.

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Zhang, Jian, Jianyong Hu, Ming Hu, Jie Fang y Ning Chen. "Study on the Reversible Pump-Turbine Closing Law and Field Test". En ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98155.

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In the operation of pumped storage plant, the sudden change of load in the large range often happen, the design of reversible pump-turbine emergency closing law should satisfy limit of rotation speed-rise and pressure-rise. The broken-line closing law of reversible pump-turbine usually used in pumped storage plants is discussed and based on full hydraulic characteristic of reversible pump-turbine, the broken-line closing law of three stages with delayed segment is designed, virtues and defects of the pump-turbine emergency closing law are also analyzed. Numerical calculation and field test indicate that water hammer in pumped storage plant water conveyance system caused by wicket gate closing together with rotation speed-rise, is effectively reduced by the closing laws presented above, especially to the latter, its turning point position can change following the different operating case, the detection of poor robustness is overcome. A new idea for the design of the reversible pump-turbine emergency closing law is proposed with good prospects.

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Wu, Tao, Qunli Xia y Yunli Du. "Optimal guidance law with ability to enlarge range". En 2010 International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEIE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceie.2010.5559890.

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Hubbs, Ken. "Less-lethal munitions as extended-range impact weapons". En Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, editado por John B. Alexander, Debra D. Spencer, Steve Schmit y Basil J. Steele. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.265418.

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Oyler, Dave W., Pierre T. Kabamba y Anouck R. Girard. "A homing guidance law for binary range-rate measurements". En 2013 IEEE 52nd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2013.6760061.

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ADELBERGER, E. G. "SHORT-RANGE TESTS OF THE GRAVITATIONAL INVERSE SQUARE LAW". En Proceedings of the Third Meeting. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702173_0009.

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Informes sobre el tema "Lawn Rangers"

Bowman, J. C. On inertial range scaling laws. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107248.

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Bankole, Akinrinola, Lisa Remez, Onikepe Owolabi, Jesse Philbin y Patrice Williams. From Unsafe to Safe Abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa: Slow but Steady Progress. Guttmacher Institute, diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2020.32446.

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This report represents the first comprehensive compilation of information about abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa and its four subregions. It offers a panorama of this hard-to-measure practice by assembling data on the incidence and safety of abortion, the extent to which the region’s laws restrict abortion, and how these laws have changed between 2000 and 2019. Many countries in this region have incrementally broadened the legal grounds for abortion, improved the safety of abortions, and increased the quality and reach of postabortion care. There is still much progress to be made, however, including enabling the region’s women to avoid unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The report concludes with recommendations for a broad range of actors to improve the sexual and reproductive health and autonomy of the region’s 255 million women of reproductive age.

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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.

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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.

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Diprose, Rachael, Amalinda Savirani, Annisa Sabrina Hartoto y Ken M. P. Setiawan. Pathways of Change through Women’s Collective Action: How Women are Overcoming Barriers and Bucking Trends to Influence Rural Development in Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124329.

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This overview to the edited volume is structured to briefly explore the following key points that emerge in the case analysis of how women’s collective action has created changes for both women’s well-being and the implementation of the Village Law, as well as how such change has been supported by a wide range of CSOs across different contexts and sectors. First, we identify variation in the diversity of priorities and initiatives that villages have introduced as a result of women’s influence on the implementation of the Law. Such initiatives go beyond infrastructure and economic development projects (although women have also prioritised these kinds of initiatives) and traverse multiple sectoral issues in seeking to address challenges for villagers, particularly women, through village development. Second, we identify the different types of changes that are evident in the case studies that have implications for women’s everyday wellbeing, as well as their influence on structures of power, decision making and village development at the individual and institutional levels, and in broader contexts. Third, we discuss how changes have come about for rural village women and what factors have contributed to the changes that are illustrated through the case studies. This includes a discussion of how context dynamics constrain or enable women’s influence, variation in core challenges (or sectoral issues) for women, and how collective action has contributed to forging these changes as is illustrated by the case studies. Fourth, we explore the temporal dimensions of change. And finally, we explore some of the pathways by which such changes have occurred in the research areas, that being different contexts.

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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, octubre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).

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Devereux, Stephen. Policy Pollination: A Brief History of Social Protection’s Brief History in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.004.

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The relatively recent emergence and sustained rise of social protection as a policy agenda in Africa can be understood as either a nationally owned or ‘donor-driven’ process. While elements of both can be seen in different countries at different times, this paper focuses on the pivotal role of transnational actors, specifically international development agencies, as ‘policy pollinators’ for social protection. These agencies deployed a range of tactics to induce African governments to implement cash transfer programmes and establish social protection systems, including: (1) building the empirical evidence base that cash transfers have positive impacts, for advocacy purposes; (2) financing social protection programmes until governments take over this responsibility; (3) strengthening state capacity to deliver social protection, through technical assistance and training workshops; (4) commissioning and co-authoring national social protection policies; (5) encouraging the domestication of international social protection law into national legislation. Despite these pressures and inducements, some governments have resisted or implemented social protection only partially and reluctantly, either because they are not convinced or because their political interests are not best served by allocating scarce resources to cash transfer programmes. This raises questions about the extent to which the agendas of development agencies are aligned or in conflict with national priorities, and whether social protection programmes and systems would flourish or wither if international support was withdrawn.

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Chiavassa, Nathalie y Raphael Dewez. Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, enero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003250.

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The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.

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Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of lead exposure at an indoor law enforcement firing range. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, agosto de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshhhe201602323285.

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