Literatura académica sobre el tema "MMA"

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur MMA framställs i svensk nyhetsmedia eftersom det historiskt sätt har varit en väldigt omtalad sport och nyhetsmedier tenderar att framställa den väldigt våldsamt, vilket tidigare forskning visar. Studien applicerar två teoretiska perspektiv för att undersöka detta, gestaltningsteorin och moralpanik. Genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys kombinerat med gestaltningsanalys analyseras ett urval artiklar i från några av de största nyhetsmedierna i Sverige, Aftonbladet, Expressen och SVT Nyheter samt två MMA inriktade nyhetsmedier, Kimura och MMANytt. Detta görs för att undersöka hur olika sorters nyhetsmedier skildrar MMA och på så vis se skillnader ochlikheter för att skapa en helhetsbild av problemet. Resultatet visar att sporten har växt ochblivit mer legitim de senaste åren jämfört med tidigare studier. Trots detta förmedlas ändåen grad av moralpanik i sättet artiklarna ramar in både sporten och sportens utövare på.<br>The purpose of this study is to examine how MMA is portrayed in Swedish news mediasince historically speaking there has been a stigma about the sport and news media tends to depict it in a very violent manner, which previous studies also shows. The study appliestwo theoretical perspectives, framing theory and moral panic. Through a quantitativecontent analysis combined with a framing analysis a selection of articles are analyzed from some of the biggest sources of news media in Sweden, Aftonbladet, Expressen and SVT Nyheter as well as two MMA focused ones, Kimura and MMANytt. This is done toexamine how different types of news media depicts MMA and, in that way, see differencesand similarities to create a comprehensive understanding of the problem. The results show that the sport has grown and become more legitimate the last few years when compared to previous studies. Despite this a level of moral panic is being mediated in the way articles frame both the sport and its practitioners.

”Never!” That was the answer UFC President Dana White gave when asked when women would be seen in the UFC. Two years later the first fight between two women took place and now there’s more than 50 female competitors in the UFC - an organisation that earlier was reserved only for men. ”Women will never fight in the UFC” – A qualitative content analysis of the depiction of women’s MMA in media is a study which focuses on how women’s MMA and Ronda Rousey as an individual athlete are portrayed in american internet based MMA media, with a gender research perspective. This study also investigates how the introduction of the first women’s division in the UFC might have affected the depiction women’s MMA in media. The theoretical framework consists of gender theory concepts such as gender performativity, the man as norm, sports and masculinity. With this theoretical framework as foundation, a directed content analysis was used as research method. The results of this analysis shows a frequent emphasis on the appearance of female athletes in the material. An attractive woman is preferable, and a muscular and more masculine woman is considered as deviant. Female athletes are constantly in comparison to male athletes, both in a positive sense, when their athleticism or talent is compared, and in a negative sense to downgrade their appearance. It is clear that the man is the starting-point, which the women are compared to. The material shows that before the introduction of a female division in the UFC there were strong concerns about women entering the organisation - would it be received as a positive or a negative change and thus if it was economically sustainable. After the first women’s fight in the UFC, the appearances of the competitors weren’t referenced as frequently in the material as before, and their performances were highlighted in a much higher degree. Ronda Rousey is portrayed as the most important individual competitor in women’s MMA. She’s got “everything”, both the looks and talent. But to some extent her talent is marginalized. A resistance that may be based in the unfamiliarity of seeing a woman in the spotlight of the MMA-world.

Este mestrado utiliza os gêneros cinematográficos e suas convenções como ponto de partida para a escrita de roteiros. A análise de filmes de ação, conhecidos como filme de boxe, é usada como referência na escrita de um roteiro de longa metragem de um filme de luta, que trata mais especificamente do universo do MMA. Assim, meu mestrado tem dois resultados distintos e ao mesmo tempo complementares: um pequeno estudo do gênero proposto, sugerindo suas transformações, e o próprio roteiro de longa metragem, O Demônio do Ringue.<br>This dissertation uses the cinematographic genres and its conventions as starting point to the writing of screenplays. The analysis of action movies, known as boxing movies, is taken as reference in the writing of a fighting films screenplay, which approach more specifically the MMA universe. Hence, my dissertation has two distinct results which are complementary at the same time: first a study of the proposed genre, suggesting its transformations, and the movie screenplay itself, O Demônio do Ringue

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:44:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Carlos Ferreira de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 4708359 bytes, checksum: 8a4a7bc6bc4f5612fdcd3cb5150fa0c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:46:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Carlos Ferreira de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 4708359 bytes, checksum: 8a4a7bc6bc4f5612fdcd3cb5150fa0c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T12:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sebastião Carlos Ferreira de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 4708359 bytes, checksum: 8a4a7bc6bc4f5612fdcd3cb5150fa0c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10<br>The following study consists in a sociological analysis about the production of manhood styles in the universe of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), from an ethnographic research made with a group of physical fight practitioners in the city named Goiânia-GO. Thus, it points out to the relevance of consumption and the interference of the market in the construction of some symbolic repertoire about manhood seen as essentials and/or primordials, discussing how the subjects seize and embody such an imaginary thing amidst stress, ambivalences and disputes. The document is organized into five chapters. In the first, I talk about the questionable utilization of physical fights and martial arts as an invented tradition, as an orientalist play, in the configuration of imaginary communities. In the second, I talk about the appearance of MMA coming from the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), giving focus to historical and sociological aspects that takes part in the symbolic economy in which establishes some manly speeches that are important for involved agents with the dynamic of manhoods in question. The third chapter brings thoughts about implied codes to the expression of manhoods in the universe of fighters where it was realized the field research, emphasizing the usage of signs associated to the genre relations with the production of relevant styles of the habitus of fighters. I develop discussions about the acceptance of the speech of order and the discipline of the contributors in the fourth chapter, in order to determine how interactions with women and other manhoods go through the influence of conservative opinion; and how much this dynamic is responsible for the creation of conflicts in this universe. The fifth chapter talks about the biographies of iconic fighters in several levels of the field topology embodied by fighters and referees that take part of the cultural goods market around MMA and UFC. So I posit that the fight that brought the thoughts about manhoods in this study highlights the stress around the sexuality, of questions related to family and to work; and before it means a sportivization, it indicates an intense civilizing process, as it allows the fruition an uncontrolled control of the emotions and makes evident tools of social control. The respect and affection of traditional institutes like family and heterosexuality, like the possibility of social ascension through MMA, require from the fighters a self-sacrifice that reinstalls in the contemporaneous scenario the perspective of the individual discipline as a resource to the success. This process allow us to imply that dynamics and rhetoric of market (re)products styles of manhoods seen as “non corruptible” by the present day, such elements being appropriate by interested agents in the symbolic capital that is inherent in the form of disputes for hegemony. Keywords: Mixed Martial Arts, manhoods; uncontrolled control; imaginary communities; market of symbolic goods.<br>O presente estudo consiste em uma análise sociológica da produção de estilos de masculinidades no universo do Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), a partir de uma pesquisa de caráter etnográfico realizada junto a um grupo de praticantes de lutas corporais na cidade de Goiânia-GO. Aponta, assim, para a pertinência do consumo e para a interferência do mercado na construção de certo repertório simbólico sobre masculinidades tidas como essenciais e/ou primordiais, discutindo como os sujeitos apropriam-se e corporificam tal imaginário em meio a tensões, ambivalências e disputas. O texto está organizado em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, discorro sobre a problemática das lutas corporais e das artes marciais enquanto tradição inventada utilizada, enquanto peça orientalista, na conformação de comunidades imaginadas. No segundo, abordo o surgimento do MMA a partir do Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), focando aspectos históricos e sociológicos que participam da economia simbólica dentro da qual se instalam discursos e retóricas viris importantes para agentes envolvidos com a dinâmica da masculinidade em questão. O terceiro capítulo traz reflexões a respeito de códigos implícitos à expressão de masculinidades no universo de lutadores onde foi realizada a pesquisa de campo, realçando o manejo de signos associados às relações de gênero com a produção de estilos relevadores de habitus de lutadores. Desenvolvo discussões sobre uma apropriação do discurso da ordem e da disciplina por parte dos colaboradores no quarto capítulo, no sentido de apontar como interações com mulheres e outras masculinidades sofrem a influência de disposições conservadoras; e o quanto tal dinâmica é responsável pela produção de conflitos nesse universo. O quinto capítulo aborda a questão das biografias de lutadores emblemáticos em diversos níveis da topologia do campo constituído por lutadores e mediadores que participam do mercado de bens culturais em torno do MMA e do UFC. Postulo que a luta de que se lançou mão para as reflexões sobre masculinidades nesse estudo realça a tensão em torno da sexualidade, de questões relacionadas à família e ao trabalho; e antes de significar uma desportivização, indica um acirramento do processo civilizatório, na medida em que permite a fruição de um descontrole controlado das emoções e evidencia ferramentas de controle social. A valorização de instituições tradicionais como a família e a heterossexualidade, bem como a possibilidade de ascensão social através do MMA, exigem de lutadores um auto sacrifício que reinstala no cenário contemporâneo a perspectiva da ascese individual como recurso para o sucesso. Este processo permite inferir que dinâmicas e retóricas de mercado (re)produzem estilos de masculinidades tidos como “não corrompidos” pela modernidade, sendo tais elementos apropriados por agentes interessados no capital simbólico que lhes é inerente sob a forma de disputas por hegemonia. Palavras-chave: Mixed Martial Arts; masculinidades; descontrole controlado; comunidades imaginadas; mercado de bens simbólicos.

Ce travail effectué dans le cadre d'une collaboration avec le groupe Safran-Heraklès, a pour objectif le développement d'une nouvelle stratégie d'élaboration de la monométhylhydrazine (MMH) par intensification du procédé Raschig, en utilisant la technologie des microréacteurs. Ce composé est aujourd'hui une molécule à fort potentiel dans le domaine de la propulsion, de l'industrie pharmaceutique ainsi que dans le domaine de l'agrochimie. Ce travail a été financé par la Région Rhône-Alpes sous la forme d'une bourse doctorale CIBLE 2008-2011. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la synthèse de la monochloramine élaborée dans des conditions quasi-stoechiométriques et à l'étude de sa stabilité. Cette synthèse a été réalisée pour la première fois, en continu, à l'aide de la technologie des microréacteurs. Les conditions optimales de synthèse ont été déterminées ainsi que les paramètres de sécurité, en vue d'un transfert industriel rapide et sécuritaire. La deuxième partie concerne l'objectif majeur du nouveau procédé qui consiste à extraire, sous pression, la totalité des produits organiques (monométhylhydrazine et monométhylamine (MMA)), sous la forme d'une phase condensée, par démixtion des solutions brutes de synthèse. Ce phénomène est lié à l'existence d'une lacune de miscibilité à l'état liquide dans le système ternaire MMA-H2O-NaOH. L'optimisation de la démixtion a nécessité l'établissement systématique des diagrammes de phases impliqués. La dernière partie aborde l'aspect génie des procédés. Une modélisation cinétique de la synthèse de la MMH par voie Raschig a été entreprise afin d'estimer la composition des solutions de synthèse. L'exploitation thermodynamique des diagrammes de phases a permis la détermination des conditions optimales de l'isolement et l'établissement de plusieurs schémas de procédés pour la synthèse de la MMH<br>This work, conducted as part of a collaboration with the Safran-Heraklès group, aims at developing a new synthesis concept for the monomethylhydrazine (MMH), by process intensification using microreactor technology. The work was funded by the Rhône-Alpes region in the form of a doctoral fellowship TARGET 2008-2011. The first part of this research aims to study the stability of monochloramine solutions prepared in stoichiometric conditions. This synthesis was carried out continuously, for the first time ever, using microreactor technology. Optimal synthesis conditions as well as a set of security parameters have been established for a fast and secured transfer to industrial scale. The second part, also one of the main objectives of this work, is the extraction, under pressure, of all organic products (mostly MMH and monomethylamine) in the form of one condensed phase by demixing the crude reaction liquors. This phenomenon is related to the existence of a miscibility gap in the liquid ternary system H2O-MMA-NaOH. The optimization of the demixing step requires then the study of different solid-liquid-liquid phase diagrams involved. The last part deals with the chemical engineering aspect of the research. A kinetic modeling of the synthesis of MMH by the Raschig way was used in order to estimate the composition of the synthesis solution. These results and the application of phase diagrams allow the determination of optimal conditions for the isolation step and the establishment of process flow-sheets for the synthesis of MMH

Föreställningar kring maskulinitet och våld är i dagens samhälle nära sammankopplade och har så varit även historiskt. Denna studie har som mål att undersöka hur dessa sammankopplingar påverkar män som tränar och tävlar MMA och hur det påverkar deras maskulinitetskonstruktioner. Genom att undersöka dessa mäns inställning till våld, maskulinitet och intimitet inom MMA, syftar studien till att tydliggöra den diskurs som vuxit fram på en kampsortsklubb i Sverige. Slutsatsen av denna undersökning är att en tillsynes motsägelsefull bild kring våld och intimitet konstruerats inom denna diskurs. Inom MMA-diskursen finns utrymme för fysisk intimitet på ett sätt som sällan accepteras mellan män i samhället utanför. Samtidigt kan inställningen till våld förklaras genom att utövarna skiljer våldsamma handlingar från aggressivitet och därför inte ser utövandet som våld.<br>Concepts about masculinity and violence are closely connected in today´s society, and have been so historically as well. The purpose of this essay is to study how these connections influence men who practice and compete in MMA and how this affects their construction of  masculinities. By the study of these men’s attitudes towards violence, masculinity and intimacy within MMA, this study aims to clarify the discourse that has developed in a martial arts club in Sweden. The conclusion of this study is that a seemingly contradictory image of violence and intimacy is produced in this discourse. Inside the MMA discourse there is room for physical intimacy between men in a way that is rarely accepted in society at large. At the same time their attitudes towards violence can be explained by the fact that the practitioners separate violent actions from aggression and therefor do not view these actions as violence.