Bibliografías temáticas / Natural and Artificial Selection

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Natural and Artificial Selection"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 14 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Natural and Artificial Selection"

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Pass, B. C. "ESA's Evolution: Artificial or Natural Selection?" Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 34, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1988): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/34.3.108.

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Moravčíková, N., M. Simčič, G. Mészáros, J. Sölkner, V. Kukučková, M. Vlček, A. Trakovická, O. Kadlečík y R. Kasarda. "Genomic response to natural selection within alpine cattle breeds". Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 4 (19 de marzo de 2018): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/62/2017-cjas.

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The aim of this study was to analyse the genomic regions that have been target of natural selection with respect to identifying the loci responsible mainly for fitness traits across six alpine cattle breeds. The genome-wide scan for selection signatures was performed using genotyping data from totally 465 animals. After applying data quality control, overall 35 873 single nucleotide polymorphisms were useable for the subsequent analysis. The detection of genomic regions affected by natural selection was carried out using the approach of principal component analysis. The analysis was based on the assumption that markers extremely related to the population structure are also candidates for local adaptation potential of the population. Based on the expected false discovery rate equal to 10% up to 1138 loci were identified as outliers. The strongest signals of selection were found in genomic regions on BTA 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, and 22. Most genes located in the identified regions have been previously associated with immunity system as well as body growth and muscle formation that mainly reflect the pressure of both natural and artificial selection in respect to adaptation of analysed breeds to the local environmental conditions. The results also signalized that those regions represent a correlated selection response in way to maintain the fitness of analysed breeds.
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HALDANE, J. "A mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection—I". Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 52, n.º 1-2 (1990): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8240(05)80010-2.

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Haldane, J. B. S. "A mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection—I". Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 52, n.º 1-2 (enero de 1990): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459574.

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Salthe, Stanley N. "Natural Selection in Relation to Complexity". Artificial Life 14, n.º 3 (julio de 2008): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.2008.14.3.14309.

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Structural complexity characterizes our representations of dissipative structures. As a mechanistic concept, when referred to natural systems it generates perplexity in the face of logically sound models. Natural selection is a simple mechanistic concept, whose logic is well exemplified in genetic algorithms. While biological traits and functions do appear to have been subjected to selective culling, current neo-Darwinian theory is unable to account for the evolution of traits or functions when many of these are taken as the separate objects of independent fitness functions. Soft selection, acting in a phenotypically holistic manner, does model selection acting upon structurally complex systems with many traits and functions, but does not account for the evolution of specific traits or functions. It is further suggested that selection cannot be other than a weak force in the early, generative stages of complex life histories, and that this is a good thing, preserving their generativity. I conclude that natural selection theory by itself cannot account for increases in structural complexity.
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Bailey, Michael M., Kevin A. Lachapelle y Michael T. Kinnison. "Ontogenetic selection on hatchery salmon in the wild: natural selection on artificial phenotypes". Evolutionary Applications 3, n.º 4 (27 de enero de 2010): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00115.x.

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Prescott, Tony J., Joanna J. Bryson y Anil K. Seth. "Introduction. Modelling natural action selection". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, n.º 1485 (11 de abril de 2007): 1521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2050.

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Action selection is the task of resolving conflicts between competing behavioural alternatives. This theme issue is dedicated to advancing our understanding of the behavioural patterns and neural substrates supporting action selection in animals, including humans. The scope of problems investigated includes: (i) whether biological action selection is optimal (and, if so, what is optimized), (ii) the neural substrates for action selection in the vertebrate brain, (iii) the role of perceptual selection in decision-making, and (iv) the interaction of group and individual action selection. A second aim of this issue is to advance methodological practice with respect to modelling natural action section. A wide variety of computational modelling techniques are therefore employed ranging from formal mathematical approaches through to computational neuroscience, connectionism and agent-based modelling. The research described has broad implications for both natural and artificial sciences. One example, highlighted here, is its application to medical science where models of the neural substrates for action selection are contributing to the understanding of brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Zheng, Shao‐Ping, Li‐Bo Huang, Zhanhu Sun y Mihail Barboiu. "Self‐Assembled Artificial Ion‐Channels toward Natural Selection of Functions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, n.º 2 (15 de septiembre de 2020): 566–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201915287.

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KIRKPATRICK, MARK y THOMAS BATAILLON. "Artificial selection on phenotypically plastic traits". Genetical Research 74, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1999): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672399004115.

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Many phenotypes respond physiologically or developmentally to continuously distributed environmental variables such as temperature and nutritional quality. Information about phenotypic plasticity can be used to improve the efficiency of artificial selection. Here we show that the quantitative genetic theory for ‘infinite-dimensional’ traits such as reaction norms provides a natural framework to accomplish this goal. It is expected to improve selection responses by making more efficient use of information about environmental effects than do conventional methods. The approach is illustrated by deriving an index for mass selection of a phenotypically plastic trait. We suggest that the same approach could be extended directly to more general and efficient breeding schemes, such as those based on general best linear unbiased prediction. Methods for estimating genetic covariance functions are reviewed.
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Sanchez, Luis. "Darwin, artificial selection, and poverty:Contemporary implications of a forgotten argument". Politics and the Life Sciences 29, n.º 1 (marzo de 2010): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/29_1_61.

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This paper argues that the processes of evolutionary selection are becoming increasingly artificial, a trend that goes against the belief in a purely natural selection process claimed by Darwin's natural selection theory. Artificial selection is mentioned by Darwin, but it was ignored by Social Darwinists, and it is all but absent in neo-Darwinian thinking. This omission results in an underestimation of probable impacts of artificial selection upon assumed evolutionary processes, and has implications for the ideological uses of Darwin's language, particularly in relation to poverty and other social inequalities. The influence of artificial selection on genotypic and phenotypic adaptations arguably represents a substantial shift in the presumed path of evolution, a shift laden with both biological and political implications.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Natural and Artificial Selection"

1

Ramey, Holly Rene. "Mapping natural and artificial selection events in animal genomes". Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10182613.

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Raj, Towfique. "Molecular signatures of natural and artificial selection in mammalian genomes". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609021.

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Zeng, Zhao-Bang. "Theoretical studies on genetic limits to natural and artificial selection with mutation". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13251.

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Channon, Alastair. "Evolutionary emergence : the struggle for existence in artificial biota". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/256270/.

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Pichler, Peter-Paul. "Natural selection, adaptive evolution and diversity in computational ecosystems". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4006.

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The central goal of this thesis is to provide additional criteria towards implementing open-ended evolution in an artificial system. Methods inspired by biological evolution are frequently applied to generate autonomous agents too complex to design by hand. Despite substantial progress in the area of evolutionary computation, additional efforts are needed to identify a coherent set of requirements for a system capable of exhibiting open-ended evolutionary dynamics. The thesis provides an extensive discussion of existing models and of the major considerations for designing a computational model of evolution by natural selection. Thus, the work in this thesis constitutes a further step towards determining the requirements for such a system and introduces a concrete implementation of an artificial evolution system to evaluate the developed suggestions. The proposed system improves upon existing models with respect to easy interpretability of agent behaviour, high structural freedom, and a low-level sensor and effector model to allow numerous long-term evolutionary gradients. In a series of experiments, the evolutionary dynamics of the system are examined against the set objectives and, where appropriate, compared with existing systems. Typical agent behaviours are introduced to convey a general overview of the system dynamics. These behaviours are related to properties of the respective agent populations and their evolved morphologies. It is shown that an intuitive classification of observed behaviours coincides with a more formal classification based on morphology. The evolutionary dynamics of the system are evaluated and shown to be unbounded according to the classification provided by Bedau and Packard’s measures of evolutionary activity. Further, it is analysed how observed behavioural complexity relates to the complexity of the agent-side mechanisms subserving these behaviours. It is shown that for the concrete definition of complexity applied, the average complexity continually increases for extended periods of evolutionary time. In combination, these two findings show how the observed behaviours are the result of an ongoing and lasting adaptive evolutionary process as opposed to being artifacts of the seeding process. Finally, the effect of variation in the system on the diversity of evolved behaviour is investigated. It is shown that coupling individual survival and reproductive success can restrict the available evolutionary trajectories in more than the trivial sense of removing another dimension, and conversely, decoupling individual survival from reproductive success can increase the number of evolutionary trajectories. The effect of different reproductive mechanisms is contrasted with that of variation in environmental conditions. The diversity of evolved strategies turns out to be sensitive to the reproductive mechanism while being remarkably robust to the variation of environmental conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of being explicit about the abstractions and assumptions underlying an artificial evolution system, particularly if the system is intended to model aspects of biological evolution.
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EKSTAM, LJUSEGREN LOVE y MIKAEL FLORÉN. "Basic simulation of natural selection : A study of the evolution of artificial life in varied environments". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146345.

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In this project one way of simulating natural selection and its most basic principles was examined. In order to show how simple and effective evolutionary systems really can be, a number of simulated lifeforms struggled for survival and evolved over generations. With this project we wanted both to showcase simple evolutionary principles for educational purposes and to highlight the potential of self improving al- gorithms. This has been done by posing two questions. Can this type of simple simulation suffice to produce stable popu- lation and gene pools, given time? And if so, can it evolve to different stable solutions given different problems, in this case environments, to tackle? The test setup was very simple; a set of simulated organisms were placed in different environ- ments, with the ability to produce offspring with random mutations. The results of the simulation show that the pop- ulation stabilizes in both numbers and gene configurations over time. It also shows that different environmental con- ditions lead to different gene configurations. From this we can conclude that a basic test environment such as the one described in this project can be used for producing both dif- ferent and stable species that are far better suited to survive than early generations.
I det här projektet undersöktes ett sätt att simulera natur- ligt urval med sina mest grundläggande principer. För att visa hur simpla och kraftfulla evolutionära system kan va- ra, kämpade ett antal simulerade livsformer för överlevnad och utvecklades över generationer. Med detta projekt ville vi både påvisa hur enkla evolutionära system kan vara för ut- bildningsändamål, och visa potentialen hos självförbättrande algoritmer. Detta gjordes genom att ställa två frågor. Kan ett enkelt system, så som det som beskrivs i denna rapport, räcka för att producera stabila populationer och genpooler, givet tid? Och om så är fallet, kan de utvecklas till olika stabila lösningar givet olika problem, i detta fall olika mil- jöer, att ta itu med? Testmiljön var väldigt enkel; ett antal simulerade livsformer, med förmågan att producera avkom- ma med slumpmässiga mutationer, placerades i olika miljöer. Resultaten från simulationen visar att vi efter en tid får po- pulationer som är stabila i både genuppsättning och antal. De visar också att olika miljöer leder till olika genuppsätt- ningar. Från detta kan vi dra slutsatsen att ett så simpelt test som detta, kan användas för att producera både olika och stabila arter som är bättre anpassade för att överleva än tidiga generationer.
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Campbell, Lesley G. "Rapid evolution in a crop-weed complex (Raphanus spp.)". The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1166549627.

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Biegelmeyer, Patrícia. "Resistência genética à infestação natural e artificial por Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus em bovinos das raças Hereford e Braford". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2601.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_patricia_biegelmeyer.pdf: 576535 bytes, checksum: 210ef4efc6311207454f251dd80d5018 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29
The overall aim of this study was to analyze different perspectives of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus genetic resistance. Therefore, the present study was divided into three manuscripts. Firstly, a literature review was conducted to present some aspects of tick resistance, like results of previous studies of bovine resistance, environmental effects on this triat, and some findings in molecular biology that will help to identify resistant animals. The second trial was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for tick resistance measured by two assessment methods in Hereford and Braford cattle, and genetic correlations between tick resistance and growth of animals. The animals belonging to the Delta G Connection genetic improvement consortium, were raised on nature and artificial pastures in Southern Brazil, and the age at the evaluation period was about 18 months. Data were analyzed from 6,462 bovines naturally exposed to ticks. The number of ticks was counted at inner hind legs region (IHL) of 3,413 animals between 2001 and 2008, and was recorded up to three consecutive counts at one side of body (LAT) in 3,049 bovines between 2009 and 2010, a total of 7,813 records. In addition, the database contained data of 109,566 birth weights (BW), 112,815 records of weight gain from birth to weaning (ADG) and 54,843 data of weight gain from weaning to yearling (PWG). For the analyses, tick count data was transformed using a logarithmic function. Heritability estimates obtained by bivariate analysis were IHL = 0.152 ± 0.043 and LAT = 0.235 ± 0.063 and genetic correlation between both methods was 0.575 ± 0.220. Single-trait analysis of LAT indicated a repeatability of 0.312 ± 0.014. Genetics association analysis between IHL and LAT and the development characteristics evaluated indicated significant associations between IHL and BW (0.220 ± 0.102), and favorable negative correlations between LAT and ADG (-0.211 ± 0.099) and LAT and PWG (-0.650 ± 0.125) (P<0.05). The objective of third trial was to analyze the bovine genetic resistance effect on tick biological traits. The engorged female ticks analyzed were collected from 40 Braford heifers classified as genetically resistant (R) or susceptible (S), according to the breeding values for tick count, calculated based on a database with 9,036 records of Hereford and Braford bovines. After classification, the selected heifers were moved to an experimental area in Embrapa Pecuária Sul, located in the city of Bagé, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, and subjected to four artificial infestations, 14 days apart each one. Weights of engorged female ticks and of female ticks after oviposition did not differ between resistant and susceptible heifers. Female ticks engorged in genetically susceptible heifers showed higher capacity of posture (R = 0.097 ± 0.021g and S = 0.109 ± 0.030g) and higher values of reproductive efficiency index (R = 47.23 ± 5.85% and S = 53.27 ± 3.74%) The overall aim of this study was to analyze different perspectives of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus genetic resistance. Therefore, the present study was divided into three manuscripts. Firstly, a literature review was conducted to present some aspects of tick resistance, like results of previous studies of bovine resistance, environmental effects on this triat, and some findings in molecular biology that will help to identify resistant animals. The second trial was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for tick resistance measured by two assessment methods in Hereford and Braford cattle, and genetic correlations between tick resistance and growth of animals. The animals belonging to the Delta G Connection genetic improvement consortium, were raised on nature and artificial pastures in Southern Brazil, and the age at the evaluation period was about 18 months. Data were analyzed from 6,462 bovines naturally exposed to ticks. The number of ticks was counted at inner hind legs region (IHL) of 3,413 animals between 2001 and 2008, and was recorded up to three consecutive counts at one side of body (LAT) in 3,049 bovines between 2009 and 2010, a total of 7,813 records. In addition, the database contained data of 109,566 birth weights (BW), 112,815 records of weight gain from birth to weaning (ADG) and 54,843 data of weight gain from weaning to yearling (PWG). For the analyses, tick count data was transformed using a logarithmic function. Heritability estimates obtained by bivariate analysis were IHL = 0.152 ± 0.043 and LAT = 0.235 ± 0.063 and genetic correlation between both methods was 0.575 ± 0.220. Single-trait analysis of LAT indicated a repeatability of 0.312 ± 0.014. Genetics association analysis between IHL and LAT and the development characteristics evaluated indicated significant associations between IHL and BW (0.220 ± 0.102), and favorable negative correlations between LAT and ADG (-0.211 ± 0.099) and LAT and PWG (-0.650 ± 0.125) (P<0.05). The objective of third trial was to analyze the bovine genetic resistance effect on tick biological traits. The engorged female ticks analyzed were collected from 40 Braford heifers classified as genetically resistant (R) or susceptible (S), according to the breeding values for tick count, calculated based on a database with 9,036 records of Hereford and Braford bovines. After classification, the selected heifers were moved to an experimental area in Embrapa Pecuária Sul, located in the city of Bagé, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, and subjected to four artificial infestations, 14 days apart each one. Weights of engorged female ticks and of female ticks after oviposition did not differ between resistant and susceptible heifers. Female ticks engorged in genetically susceptible heifers showed higher capacity of posture (R = 0.097 ± 0.021g and S = 0.109 ± 0.030g) and higher values of reproductive efficiency index (R = 47.23 ± 5.85% and S = 53.27 ± 3.74%)
O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi abordar diferentes perspectivas sobre a resistência genética de bovinos ao carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Para tanto, foi dividido em três trabalhos. Primeiramente, foi realizado um estudo de revisão que abrangeu alguns aspectos relacionados à resistência, como resultados de trabalhos que avaliaram a resistência de bovinos, fatores ambientais capazes de afetar os fenótipos de resistência e algumas descobertas na área da biologia molecular que poderão ser úteis no processo de identificação de animais geneticamente resistentes. O segundo trabalho objetivou estimar parâmetros genéticos para a resistência mensurada por dois métodos de avaliação em bovinos Hereford e Braford, e as correlações genéticas entre a resistência e características de crescimento dos animais. Os bovinos que participaram das avaliações foram provenientes de rebanhos controlados pelo programa de melhoramento da Conexão Delta G, localizados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e criados a campo sobre pastagens naturais e artificiais. Foram avaliados dados de 6.462 bovinos com idade média de 18 meses, naturalmente infestados, sendo as contagens realizadas na região do entrepernas (ENT) em 3.413 animais entre 2001 e 2008, e 7.813 registros de contagens na lateral do corpo (LAT) de 3.049 bovinos realizadas entre 2009 e 2011. Foram utilizados também 109.566 dados de peso ao nascimento (PN), 112.815 registros de ganho de peso do nascimento à desmama (GPD) e 55.843 dados de ganho da desmama ao sobreano (GDS). Para as análises, os dados de contagens sofreram transformação logarítmica. As estimativas de herdabilidade dos métodos de avaliação obtidas por análise bicaracterística foram ENT = 0,152 ± 0,043 e LAT = 0,235 ± 0,063, e a correlação genética entre ambos foi de 0,575 ± 0,220. A análise unicaráter da LAT apontou uma repetibilidade de 0,312 ± 0,014. As associações genéticas entre a ENT e a LAT e as características de desenvolvimento avaliadas apontaram associações significativas entre ENT e PN (0,220 ± 0,102), e favoráveis correlações negativas e entre LAT e GPD (-0,211 ± 0,099) e LAT e GDS (-0,650 ± 0,125) (P<0,05). O terceiro trabalho objetivou analisar o efeito da resistência dos bovinos sobre características biológicas dos carrapatos. As teleóginas analisadas foram coletadas em 40 novilhas Braford classificadas como geneticamente resistentes (R) ou suscetíveis (S), de acordo com os valores genéticos obtidos para a característica de contagem de carrapatos, calculados com base em um banco de dados com registros de 9.036 animais das raças Hereford e Braford. Após a classificação, as novilhas selecionadas foram encaminhadas à Embrapa Pecuária Sul (Bagé, RS), onde foram submetidas a quatro infestações artificiais, com intervalos de 14 dias. Os pesos médios iniciais das teleóginas e os pesos das quenóginas não diferiram entre os grupos de novilhas resistentes e suscetíveis. Fêmeas ingurgitadas em novilhas geneticamente suscetíveis apresentaram maior capacidade de postura (R = 0,097 ± 0,021g e S = 0,109 ± 0,030g) e maiores índices de eficiência reprodutiva (R = 47,23 ± 5,85% e S = 53,27 ± 3,74%) e nutricional (R = 54,33 ± 4,36% e S = 65,62 ± 8,84%) que teleóginas ingurgitadas em novilhas resistentes.
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Svedin, Johan. "Effekten av Modighet och risken för Artificiell selektion när bubblor används för att guida smolt förbi vattenkraftverk". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173390.

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Fragmentation of rivers due to the rapid expansion of hydropower plants is one of the major factors responsible for the decline in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Baltic Sea. Current methods to aid downstream migrating salmon smolt still struggle with effectively stopping the smolt from going through the hydropower turbines, by guiding them towards the available salmon ladders. A promising guiding method is using a barrier of bubbles which may serve as a non-intrusive alternative to conventional guiding structures. This study evaluated the risk of artificial selection caused using bubble barriers and compared the results with an earlier study.  The three hypotheses tested were: i) the salmon display a scototaxis behaviour related to their boldness, ii) temperature, and size of arena affect the scototaxis of the salmon, and iii) the salmons reaction to a bubble barrier is correlated to their boldness. The hypotheses were tested in a controlled laboratory setting by conducting three scototaxis tests and an experiment with several bubble barriers, where the reaction of salmon to bubbles could be assessed. There was significant positive correlation (r = 0,62 & p = 0,012) between the boldness of an individual and the time it took to swim through the bubbles. Even though a significant difference in scototaxis as a result of lowered temperature were discovered, the difference was too small to have a noticeable effect on the overall results. A bubble barrier may therefore put artificial selection pressure on the salmon population.
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Sharma, Manmohan Dev. "Sexual selection in Drosophila simulans". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3003.

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Over the last 100 years sexual selection has advanced into a vast field of theoretical and empirical research. While Darwin’s idea of female preference being an integral mechanism of sexual selection is no longer debated, our understanding of female preference is still very limited. For example, we know little about the genetic variation in female preference, and the costs of preference over and above the costs of mating with particular male phenotypes. Additionally, while costs of mate choice are well documented, the benefits of mate choice and their implications are still debated. For example, controversy exists over the inevitability of good gene benefits and their capability to promote adaptive sexual selection. Furthermore, the adaptiveness of sexual selection itself is debated. Our understanding of the traits involved in mate choice is also far from complete. Here I investigated aspects of sexual selection in Drosophila simulans, employing a range of behavioural approaches along with artificial selection and environmental manipulations. The findings presented here indicate that female preference can evolve when directly selected on, and that preference itself is not particularly costly. There was also no conclusive evidence for the good genes benefits of mate choice in D. simulans. These benefits are considered crucial in promoting the adaptiveness of sexual selection, and although we found sexual selection to be adaptive under some test conditions it was not adaptive in other conditions. Our investigations into traits involved in mate choice established sex-specific genetic variation in cuticular hydrocarbons and the genetic architecture of this trait was found to sex-specific evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons under natural and sexual selection. Additionally, we found that a secondary sexual character, the sex combs was positively allometric – just like most signalling and weapon traits, and there was no association between trait fluctuating asymmetry and trait size. These findings collectively indicate that sexual selection in D. simulans is consistent with classical models of this process.
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Libros sobre el tema "Natural and Artificial Selection"

1

Hristea, Florentina T. The Naïve Bayes Model for Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation: Aspects Concerning Feature Selection. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Freedman, Dave. Natural selection. New York: Hyperion, 2006.

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Freedman, Dave. Natural Selection. New York: Hyperion, 2006.

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Natural selection. London: Nick Hern Books, 2008.

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Wolfe, Liz. Natural selection. Palm Beach, FL: Medallion Press, 2005.

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Natural selection. London: Pandora Press, 1985.

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Dare, Bill. Natural selection. New York: Berkley Books, 2006.

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Gibson, J. Phil. Natural selection. New York: Chelsea House, 2009.

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Jenkins, Paul Rigel. Natural selection. London: Nick Hern Books, 2008.

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Stackpole, Michael A. Natural selection. New York, N.Y: ROC, 1992.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Natural and Artificial Selection"

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Klačka, Jozef y Štefan Gajdoš. "Kuiper-Belt Objects: Distribution of Orbital Elements and Observational Selection Effects". En Dynamics of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies, 313–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1327-6_47.

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Almagro-Cádiz, Mario, Víctor Fresno y Félix de la Paz López. "Smart Gesture Selection with Word Embeddings Applied to NAO Robot". En Biomedical Applications Based on Natural and Artificial Computing, 167–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59773-7_18.

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Hill, William G. y Said H. Mbaga. "Mutation and conflicts between artificial and natural selection for quantitative traits". En Mutation and Evolution, 171–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5210-5_15.

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Pulgarin-Giraldo, J. D., A. A. Ruales-Torres, A. M. Alvarez-Meza y G. Castellanos-Dominguez. "Relevant Kinematic Feature Selection to Support Human Action Recognition in MoCap Data". En Biomedical Applications Based on Natural and Artificial Computing, 501–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59773-7_51.

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Ortiz García, Andrés, Juan Manuel Górriz, Javier Ramírez y Diego Salas-González. "Automatic ROI Selection Using SOM Modelling in Structural Brain MRI". En Natural and Artificial Computation in Engineering and Medical Applications, 278–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38622-0_29.

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Tallón-Ballesteros, Antonio J. y José C. Riquelme. "Low Dimensionality or Same Subsets as a Result of Feature Selection: An In-Depth Roadmap". En Biomedical Applications Based on Natural and Artificial Computing, 531–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59773-7_54.

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Taghon, Gary L., Ron R. Greene y David Bard. "Effects of Food Value of Artificial and Natural Sediments on Functional Response and Net Rate of Energy Gain by a Deposit-Feeding Polychaete". En Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection, 515–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75118-9_25.

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Simm, Geoff, Geoff Pollott, Raphael Mrode, Ross Houston y Karen Marshall. "The origins and rôles of today's livestock breeds." En Genetic improvement of farmed animals, 1–10. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241723.0001.

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Abstract The huge variety of animal and other species that we see today, together with those now extinct, evolved by the process of natural selection. The key to natural selection, and to the artificial selection practised by breeders, is the inherited variation in many characteristics that exists between individual animals. Domestication of animals began 12,000 to 10,000 years ago. Whether or not it has been done knowingly, artificial selection, as well as natural selection, has been practised among domestic animals ever since then. Although distinct breeds or strains of cattle and sheep existed long before then, the practices of pedigree recording and selection of related animals with the aim of breed improvement date from the mid-1700s. The formation of herd books began early in the following century. Livestock continue to have a wide range of important rôles globally, with a range of positive and negative societal and environmental impacts, which need to be managed and balanced.
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Abhayadev, Malayil y T. Santha. "Visual Importance Identification of Natural Images Using Location-Based Feature Selection Saliency Map". En Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Smart Grid and Smart City Applications, 557–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24051-6_53.

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Renard, Estelle, Christel Barbaud, Valérie Langlois y Philippe Guérin. "Artificial and Natural Functionalized Biopolyesters: From Macromolecular Skeleton Selection to Property Design by Ester Pendant Groups". En Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics, 301–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9240-6_20.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Natural and Artificial Selection"

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Haasdijk, Evert y Floor Eigenhuis. "Increasing Reward in Biased Natural Selection Decreases Task Performance". En Proceedings of the Artificial Life Conference 2016. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-33936-0-ch053-bis.

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Qin, Li y Xiaoying Ding. "Research on selection of tall building structures based on artificial neural network". En 2010 Sixth International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2010.5584474.

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Power, Daniel, Eörs Szathmáry y Richard Watson. "Ecosystem Memory Is Emergent from Local-Level Natural Selection". En Artificial Life 14: International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems. The MIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch015.

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Liew, Seng Fatt, Bethany R. Wasik, David Lilien, April J. Dinwiddie, Heeso Noh, Antonia Monteiro y Hui Cao. "Artificial Selection for Structural Color on Butterfly Wings and Comparison to Natural Evolution". En CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2014.stu2h.8.

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Wang, Zhiguo, Wael Hamza y Radu Florian. "Bilateral Multi-Perspective Matching for Natural Language Sentences". En Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/579.

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Natural language sentence matching is a fundamental technology for a variety of tasks. Previous approaches either match sentences from a single direction or only apply single granular (word-by-word or sentence-by-sentence) matching. In this work, we propose a bilateral multi-perspective matching (BiMPM) model. Given two sentences P and Q, our model first encodes them with a BiLSTM encoder. Next, we match the two encoded sentences in two directions P against Q and P against Q. In each matching direction, each time step of one sentence is matched against all time-steps of the other sentence from multiple perspectives. Then, another BiLSTM layer is utilized to aggregate the matching results into a fix-length matching vector. Finally, based on the matching vector, a decision is made through a fully connected layer. We evaluate our model on three tasks: paraphrase identification, natural language inference and answer sentence selection. Experimental results on standard benchmark datasets show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on all tasks.
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Dimovski, Mladen, Claudiu Musat, Vladimir Ilievski, Andreea Hossman y Michael Baeriswyl. "Submodularity-Inspired Data Selection for Goal-Oriented Chatbot Training Based on Sentence Embeddings". En Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/559.

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Spoken language understanding (SLU) systems, such as goal-oriented chatbots or personal assistants, rely on an initial natural language understanding (NLU) module to determine the intent and to extract the relevant information from the user queries they take as input. SLU systems usually help users to solve problems in relatively narrow domains and require a large amount of in-domain training data. This leads to significant data availability issues that inhibit the development of successful systems. To alleviate this problem, we propose a technique of data selection in the low-data regime that enables us to train with fewer labeled sentences, thus smaller labelling costs. We propose a submodularity-inspired data ranking function, the ratio-penalty marginal gain, for selecting data points to label based only on the information extracted from the textual embedding space. We show that the distances in the embedding space are a viable source of information that can be used for data selection. Our method outperforms two known active learning techniques and enables cost-efficient training of the NLU unit. Moreover, our proposed selection technique does not need the model to be retrained in between the selection steps, making it time efficient as well.
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Konieczny, Sébastien, Pierre Marquis y Srdjan Vesic. "Rational Inference Relations from Maximal Consistent Subsets Selection". En Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/242.

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When one wants to draw non-trivial inferences from an inconsistent belief base, a very natural approach is to take advantage of the maximal consistent subsets of the base. But few inference relations from maximal consistent subsets exist. In this paper we point out new such relations based on selection of some of the maximal consistent subsets, leading thus to inference relations with a stronger inferential power. The selection process must obey some principles to ensure that it leads to an inference relation which is rational. We define a general class of monotonic selection relations for comparing maximal consistent sets. And we show that it corresponds to the class of rational inference relations.
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Li, Ang y Judea Pearl. "Unit Selection Based on Counterfactual Logic". En Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/248.

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The unit selection problem aims to identify a set of individuals who are most likely to exhibit a desired mode of behavior, which is defined in counterfactual terms. A typical example is that of selecting individuals who would respond one way if encouraged and a different way if not encouraged. Unlike previous works on this problem, which rely on ad-hoc heuristics, we approach this problem formally, using counterfactual logic, to properly capture the nature of the desired behavior. This formalism enables us to derive an informative selection criterion which integrates experimental and observational data. We demonstrate the superiority of this criterion over A/B-test-based approaches.
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Justeau-Allaire, Dimitri, Philippe Vismara, Philippe Birnbaum y Xavier Lorca. "Systematic Conservation Planning for Sustainable Land-use Policies: A Constrained Partitioning Approach to Reserve Selection and Design." En Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/818.

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Faced with natural habitat degradation, fragmentation, and destruction, it is a major challenge for environmental managers to implement sustainable land use policies promoting socioeconomic development and natural habitat conservation in a balanced way. Relying on artificial intelligence and operational research, reserve selection and design models can be of assistance. This paper introduces a partitioning approach based on Constraint Programming (CP) for the reserve selection and design problem, dealing with both coverage and complex spatial constraints. Moreover, it introduces the first CP formulation of the buffer zone constraint, which can be reused to compose more complex spatial constraints. This approach has been evaluated in a real-world dataset addressing the problem of forest fragmentation in New Caledonia, a biodiversity hotspot where managers are gaining interest in integrating these methods into their decisional processes. Through several scenarios, it showed expressiveness, flexibility, and ability to quickly find solutions to complex questions.
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Filchenkov, Andrey y Arseniy Pendryak. "Datasets meta-feature description for recommending feature selection algorithm". En 2015 Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language and Information Extraction, Social Media and Web Search FRUCT Conference (AINL-ISMW FRUCT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ainl-ismw-fruct.2015.7382962.

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Informes sobre el tema "Natural and Artificial Selection"

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Finin, Timothy W., Aravind K. Joshi y Bonnie L. Webber. Natural Language Interactions with Artificial Experts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, julio de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460952.

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Hudson, G. B. Natural and artificial nobel gas hydrologic tracers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170588.

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Tirrell, David A. Genetic Engineering of Artificial Proteins Containing Non-Natural Amino Acids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394071.

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Chang, Guocen. Research on Natural Hearing and the Development Toward Artificial Hearing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junio de 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239239.

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Galor, Oded y Stelios Michalopoulos. Evolution and the Growth Process: Natural Selection of Entrepreneurial Traits. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, mayo de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17075.

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Mateo Davila, Mateo Davila. How does the struggle between sexual selection and natural selection drive the coloration of a tropical gecko? Experiment, marzo de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/13199.

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TIMOTHY J. KNEAFSEY AND KARSTEN PRUESS. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ON HEAT-DRIVEN TWO-PHASE FLOWS IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ROCK FRACTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mayo de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778893.

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Tibbs, Laura E., Carolyn Ashley, Austin M. Putz, Kyu-Sang Lim, Michael K. Dyck, Frederic Fontin, Graham S. Plastow, Jack C. M. Dekkers y John C. S. Harding. Selection for Increased Natural Antibody Levels to Improve Disease Resilience in Pigs. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, enero de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-285.

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Holloway, G. M. Selection of an industrial natural-gas-fired advanced turbine system - Task 3A. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mayo de 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/622813.

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Wilkins, C. A. y W. A. Sands. Comparison of a Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network Model with a Linear Regression Model for Personnel Selection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280023.

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