Bibliografías temáticas / Neandertal

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Neandertal"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 9 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Neandertal"

1

Trinkaus, Erik, João Zilhão y Cidália Duarte. "O Menino do Lapedo". Archaeological Dialogues 8, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2001): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800001860.

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AbstractThe emergence of modern humans during the Late Pleistocene and the phylogenetic fate of the northwestern Eurasian Neandertals have been closely linked to our perceptions of the behavior and abilities of those late archaic humans, the Neandertals. In the past several years, several lines of evidence, including radiometric dating of archeological assemblages, taphonomic analyses of faunal remains, stable isotope analysis of Neandertal remains, the dating of late Neandertal remains, considerations of initial Upper Paleolithic associations and chronologies, and reassessments of Neandertal to early modern human phylogenetic relationships have tended to minimise the perceived behavioral differences between the Neandertals and early modern humans across Europe. Into this context, the discovery of an earlier Upper Paleolithic (Gravettian) early modern human child's skeleton at the Abrigo do Lagar Velho, Lapedo Valley, Portugal with distinctive Neandertal features provides further support for the de-dehumanising of the Neandertals. Its anatomical evidence for population blending when early modern humans spread into southern Iberia after 30,000 B.P. indicates that the behavioral differences between the local Neandertals and in-dispersing early modern humans were subtle and did not preclude them from regarding each other as human.
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2

Zeberg, Hugo, Janet Kelso y Svante Pääbo. "The Neandertal Progesterone Receptor". Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, n.º 9 (21 de mayo de 2020): 2655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa119.

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Abstract The hormone progesterone is important for preparing the uterine lining for egg implantation and for maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. The gene encoding the progesterone receptor (PGR) carries introgressed Neandertal haplotypes with two missense substitutions and a mobile Alu element. These Neandertal gene variants have reached nearly 20% frequency in non-Africans and have been associated with preterm birth. Here, we show that one of the missense substitutions appears fixed in Neandertals, while the other substitution as well as the Alu insertion were polymorphic among Neandertals. We show that two Neandertal haplotypes carrying the PGR gene entered the modern human population and that present-day carriers of the Neandertal haplotypes express higher levels of the receptor. In a cohort of present-day Britons, these carriers have more siblings, fewer miscarriages, and less bleeding during early pregnancy suggesting that the Neandertal progesterone receptor alleles promote fertility. This may explain their high frequency in modern human populations.
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3

Mafessoni, Fabrizio, Steffi Grote, Cesare de Filippo, Viviane Slon, Kseniya A. Kolobova, Bence Viola, Sergey V. Markin et al. "A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n.º 26 (16 de junio de 2020): 15132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004944117.

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We sequenced the genome of a Neandertal from Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai Mountains, Russia, to 27-fold genomic coverage. We show that this Neandertal was a female and that she was more related to Neandertals in western Eurasia [Prüfer et al., Science 358, 655–658 (2017); Hajdinjak et al., Nature 555, 652–656 (2018)] than to Neandertals who lived earlier in Denisova Cave [Prüfer et al., Nature 505, 43–49 (2014)], which is located about 100 km away. About 12.9% of the Chagyrskaya genome is spanned by homozygous regions that are between 2.5 and 10 centiMorgans (cM) long. This is consistent with the fact that Siberian Neandertals lived in relatively isolated populations of less than 60 individuals. In contrast, a Neandertal from Europe, a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains, and ancient modern humans seem to have lived in populations of larger sizes. The availability of three Neandertal genomes of high quality allows a view of genetic features that were unique to Neandertals and that are likely to have been at high frequency among them. We find that genes highly expressed in the striatum in the basal ganglia of the brain carry more amino-acid-changing substitutions than genes expressed elsewhere in the brain, suggesting that the striatum may have evolved unique functions in Neandertals.
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4

Churchill, Steven E., Kamryn Keys y Ann H. Ross. "Midfacial Morphology and Neandertal–Modern Human Interbreeding". Biology 11, n.º 8 (3 de agosto de 2022): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081163.

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Ancient DNA from, Neandertal and modern human fossils, and comparative morphological analyses of them, reveal a complex history of interbreeding between these lineages and the introgression of Neandertal genes into modern human genomes. Despite substantial increases in our knowledge of these events, the timing and geographic location of hybridization events remain unclear. Six measures of facial size and shape, from regional samples of Neandertals and early modern humans, were used in a multivariate exploratory analysis to try to identify regions in which early modern human facial morphology was more similar to that of Neandertals, which might thus represent regions of greater introgression of Neandertal genes. The results of canonical variates analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis suggest important affinities in facial morphology between both Middle and Upper Paleolithic early modern humans of the Near East with Neandertals, highlighting the importance of this region for interbreeding between the two lineages.
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5

Weaver, Timothy D., Hélène Coqueugniot, Liubov V. Golovanova, Vladimir B. Doronichev, Bruno Maureille y Jean-Jacques Hublin. "Neonatal postcrania from Mezmaiskaya, Russia, and Le Moustier, France, and the development of Neandertal body form". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n.º 23 (23 de mayo de 2016): 6472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523677113.

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Neandertal and modern human adults differ in skeletal features of the cranium and postcranium, and it is clear that many of the cranial differences—although not all of them—are already present at the time of birth. We know less, however, about the developmental origins of the postcranial differences. Here, we address this deficiency with morphometric analyses of the postcrania of the two most complete Neandertal neonates—Mezmaiskaya 1 (from Russia) and Le Moustier 2 (from France)—and a recent human sample. We find that neonatal Neandertals already appear to possess the wide body, long pubis, and robust long bones of adult Neandertals. Taken together, current evidence indicates that skeletal differences between Neandertals and modern humans are largely established by the time of birth.
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6

Rios-Garaizar, Joseba, Eneko Iriarte, Lee J. Arnold, Laura Sánchez-Romero, Ana B. Marín-Arroyo, Aixa San Emeterio, Asier Gómez-Olivencia et al. "The intrusive nature of the Châtelperronian in the Iberian Peninsula". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 3 (30 de marzo de 2022): e0265219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265219.

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Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the disappearance of Neandertals between ca. 50 and 40 kyr BP. Central to these discussions has been the identification of new techno-cultural complexes that overlap with the period of Neandertal demise in Europe. One such complex is the Châtelperronian, which extends from the Paris Basin to the Northern Iberian Peninsula between 43,760–39,220 BP. In this study we present the first open-air Châtelperronian site in the Northern Iberian Peninsula, Aranbaltza II. The technological features of its stone tool assemblage show no links with previous Middle Paleolithic technology in the region, and chronological modeling reveals a gap between the latest Middle Paleolithic and the Châtelperronian in this area. We interpret this as evidence of local Neandertal extinction and replacement by other Neandertal groups coming from southern France, illustrating how local extinction episodes could have played a role in the process of disappearance of Neandertals.
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7

Zeberg, Hugo y Svante Pääbo. "A genomic region associated with protection against severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neandertals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n.º 9 (16 de febrero de 2021): e2026309118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026309118.

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It was recently shown that the major genetic risk factor associated with becoming severely ill with COVID-19 when infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is inherited from Neandertals. New, larger genetic association studies now allow additional genetic risk factors to be discovered. Using data from the Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care (GenOMICC) consortium, we show that a haplotype at a region on chromosome 12 associated with requiring intensive care when infected with the virus is inherited from Neandertals. This region encodes proteins that activate enzymes that are important during infections with RNA viruses. In contrast to the previously described Neandertal haplotype that increases the risk for severe COVID-19, this Neandertal haplotype is protective against severe disease. It also differs from the risk haplotype in that it has a more moderate effect and occurs at substantial frequencies in all regions of the world outside Africa. Among ancient human genomes in western Eurasia, the frequency of the protective Neandertal haplotype may have increased between 20,000 and 10,000 y ago and again during the past 1,000 y.
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8

Karakostis, Fotios Alexandros, Gerhard Hotz, Vangelis Tourloukis y Katerina Harvati. "Evidence for precision grasping in Neandertal daily activities". Science Advances 4, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2018): eaat2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2369.

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Neandertal manual activities, as previously reconstructed from their robust hand skeletons, are thought to involve systematic power grasping rather than precise hand movements. However, this interpretation is at odds with increasing archeological evidence for sophisticated cultural behavior. We reevaluate the manipulative behaviors of Neandertals and early modern humans using a historical reference sample with extensive genealogical and lifelong occupational documentation, in combination with a new and precise three-dimensional multivariate analysis of hand muscle attachments. Results show that Neandertal muscle marking patterns overlap exclusively with documented lifelong precision workers, reflecting systematic precision grasping consistent with the use of their associated cultural remains. Our findings challenge the established interpretation of Neandertal behavior and establish a solid link between biological and cultural remains in the fossil record.
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9

Welker, Frido, Mateja Hajdinjak, Sahra Talamo, Klervia Jaouen, Michael Dannemann, Francine David, Michèle Julien et al. "Palaeoproteomic evidence identifies archaic hominins associated with the Châtelperronian at the Grotte du Renne". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n.º 40 (16 de septiembre de 2016): 11162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605834113.

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In Western Europe, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is associated with the disappearance of Neandertals and the spread of anatomically modern humans (AMHs). Current chronological, behavioral, and biological models of this transitional period hinge on the Châtelperronian technocomplex. At the site of the Grotte du Renne, Arcy-sur-Cure, morphological Neandertal specimens are not directly dated but are contextually associated with the Châtelperronian, which contains bone points and beads. The association between Neandertals and this “transitional” assemblage has been controversial because of the lack either of a direct hominin radiocarbon date or of molecular confirmation of the Neandertal affiliation. Here we provide further evidence for a Neandertal–Châtelperronian association at the Grotte du Renne through biomolecular and chronological analysis. We identified 28 additional hominin specimens through zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) screening of morphologically uninformative bone specimens from Châtelperronian layers at the Grotte du Renne. Next, we obtain an ancient hominin bone proteome through liquid chromatography-MS/MS analysis and error-tolerant amino acid sequence analysis. Analysis of this palaeoproteome allows us to provide phylogenetic and physiological information on these ancient hominin specimens. We distinguish Late Pleistocene clades within the genus Homo based on ancient protein evidence through the identification of an archaic-derived amino acid sequence for the collagen type X, alpha-1 (COL10α1) protein. We support this by obtaining ancient mtDNA sequences, which indicate a Neandertal ancestry for these specimens. Direct accelerator mass spectometry radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modeling confirm that the hominin specimens date to the Châtelperronian at the Grotte du Renne.
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10

Stoessel, Alexander, Romain David, Philipp Gunz, Tobias Schmidt, Fred Spoor y Jean-Jacques Hublin. "Morphology and function of Neandertal and modern human ear ossicles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n.º 41 (26 de septiembre de 2016): 11489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605881113.

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The diminutive middle ear ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) housed in the tympanic cavity of the temporal bone play an important role in audition. The few known ossicles of Neandertals are distinctly different from those of anatomically modern humans (AMHs), despite the close relationship between both human species. Although not mutually exclusive, these differences may affect hearing capacity or could reflect covariation with the surrounding temporal bone. Until now, detailed comparisons were hampered by the small sample of Neandertal ossicles and the unavailability of methods combining analyses of ossicles with surrounding structures. Here, we present an analysis of the largest sample of Neandertal ossicles to date, including many previously unknown specimens, covering a wide geographic and temporal range. Microcomputed tomography scans and 3D geometric morphometrics were used to quantify shape and functional properties of the ossicles and the tympanic cavity and make comparisons with recent and extinct AMHs as well as African apes. We find striking morphological differences between ossicles of AMHs and Neandertals. Ossicles of both Neandertals and AMHs appear derived compared with the inferred ancestral morphology, albeit in different ways. Brain size increase evolved separately in AMHs and Neandertals, leading to differences in the tympanic cavity and, consequently, the shape and spatial configuration of the ossicles. Despite these different evolutionary trajectories, functional properties of the middle ear of AMHs and Neandertals are largely similar. The relevance of these functionally equivalent solutions is likely to conserve a similar auditory sensitivity level inherited from their last common ancestor.
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Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "Neandertal"

1

Coons, Douglas F. "The place of the Mladeč remains in the Neandertal question /". Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597629981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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2

Fox, Maria. "Neandertal Lumbopelvic Anatomy and the Biomechanical Effects of a Reduced Lumbar Lordosis". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378109007.

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Sánchez, Hernández Carlos. "Paleoecología neandertal durante el Paleolítico medio en el norte y este de la Península Ibérica. Análisis combinado de desgaste dental y cementocronología". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671690.

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La correlació entre l'ecologia humana i les condicions ambientals en les que desenvolupaven les seves activitats de supervivència ha estat subjecte d'intens estudi en les últimes dècades. D'especial interès és el Plistocè superior, caracteritzat per fortes fluctuacions ambientals, especialment marcades durant el MIS 3 (60-30 ka BP). Durant aquest període, els grups neandertals que van habitar Europa es van caracteritzar per mostrar una elevada variabilitat comportamental. Això incita a preguntar-se fins a quin punt aquestes fluctuacions poden afectar la presa de decisions en l'elaboració de les seves estratègies de subsistència. Atès que les característiques ambientals també poden variar en funció d’altres condicionants regionals (p.e. ubicació geogràfica), i fins i tot locals (p.e. orografia i altitud), la present investigació pretén contribuir a aquesta qüestió mitjançant la caracterització de la durada i l’estacionalitat de les ocupacions neandertals en dues regions bioclimàtiques clarament diferenciades de la Península Ibèrica: la cantàbrica (Covalejos) i la mediterrània (Arbreda, Teixoneres, Abric Romaní i El Salt). El principal objectiu consisteix en constatar el tipus de resposta d'aquests grups davant contextos ambientals diferenciats, al mateix temps que es posa a prova la resolubilitat de la integració metodològica de diversos proxis d'alta resolució. La consecució dels objectius plantejats requereix de la reconstrucció de la dieta de les principals preses dels grups humans (i.e. cérvol, cavall, ase salvatge i ur), fet que permetrà conèixer la durada i el moment de l'any en què es va ocupar una cova. Aquests animals són sensibles als canvis ambientals dels seus hàbitats. Per això analitzem els seus molars i premolars a través del desgast dental (meso- i microdesgast) i la cementocronologia dental. El mesodesgast identifica la dieta anual, al mateix temps que reflecteix els canvis dietètics de les preses a llarg termini (mesos), que són conseqüència de canvis en l'hàbitat. D’altra banda, el microdesgast reflecteix la dieta en els instants previs a la mort de cada presa, permetent identificar el tipus de recursos que consumeix i generant una imatge molt precisa de les característiques puntuals de l'hàbitat. La cementocronologia en canvi, permet determinar l'estació de l'any en què els neandertals
La correlación de la ecología humana y las condiciones ambientales en las que desarrollaban sus actividades de supervivencia ha sido sujeto de intenso estudio en las últimas décadas. De especial interés es el Pleistoceno superior, caracterizado por fuertes fluctuaciones ambientales, especialmente durante el MIS 3 (60-30 ka BP). Durante este periodo, los grupos neandertales que habitaron Europa se caracterizaron por mostrar una elevada variabilidad comportamental. Ello suscita la cuestión acerca de en qué grado dichas fluctuaciones pueden afectar la toma de decisiones en la elaboración de sus estrategias de subsistencia. Dado que las características ambientales también están sujetas a condicionantes regionales (e.g. ubicación geográfica), e incluso locales (e.g. orografía y altitud), la presente investigación pretende contribuir a esta cuestión mediante la caracterización de la duración y estacionalidad de las ocupaciones neandertales en dos regiones bioclimáticas claramente diferenciadas de la Península Ibérica: cantábrica (Covalejos) y mediterránea (Arbreda, Teixoneres, Abric Romaní y El Salt). El principal objetivo consiste en constatar el tipo de respuesta de estos grupos ante contextos ambientales diferenciados, al tiempo que se pone a prueba la resolutividad de la integración metodológica de varios proxis de alta resolución. La consecución de los objetivos planteados requiere de la reconstrucción de la dieta de las principales presas de los grupos humanos (i.e. ciervo, caballo, asno salvaje y uro), hecho que permitirá conocer la duración y el momento del año en el que ocupó una cueva. Estos animales son sensibles a los cambios ambientales de sus hábitats. Para ello, analizamos sus molares y premolares a través del desgaste dental (meso- y microdesgaste) y la cementocronología dental. El mesodesgaste identifica la dieta anual, al tiempo que refleja los cambios dietéticos de las presas a largo plazo (meses), que son consecuencia de cambios en el hábitat. El microdesgaste por otro lado, refleja la dieta en los instantes previos a la muerte de cada presa, permitiendo identificar el tipo de recursos que consume y generando una imagen muy precisa de las características puntuales del hábitat. La cementocronología a cambio, permite determinar la estación del año en el que los neandertales han abatido a sus p
The correlation of human ecology and the environmental conditions in which they developed their survival activities has been the subject of intense study in recent decades. Of special interest is the Late Pleistocene, characterized by strong environmental fluctuations, especially during MIS 3 (60-30 ka BP). During this period, the Neanderthal groups that inhabited Europe were characterized by showing a high behavioral variability. This raises the question about the extent to which these fluctuations can affect decision making in the development of their livelihood strategies. Since environmental characteristics are also subject to regional (e.g. geographic location), and even local (e.g. orography and altitude) conditions, the present research aims to contribute to this issue by characterizing the duration and seasonality of Neanderthal occupations in two bioclimatic regions clearly differentiated of the Iberian Peninsula: Cantabrian (Covalejos) and Mediterranean (Arbreda, Teixoneres, Abric Romaní and El Salt). The main objective is to verify the type of response of these groups to differentiated environmental contexts, while the resolution of the methodological integration of three high-resolution proxies is tested. The achievement of the proposed objectives requires the reconstruction of the diet of the main preys of the human groups (i.e. red deer, horse, wild ass and auroch). The dietary reconstruction would allow knowing the duration and the seasonality of the human occupations along the annual cycle since these animals are sensitive to the environmental changes of their habitats. Therefore, we analyze the ungulate molars and premolars through dental wear (meso- and micro-wear) and dental cementochronology. The mesowear identifies the annual diet, and reflects the dietary changes of the preys in a long-term scale (months as consequence of habitat changes. The microwear on the other hand, reflects the diet days before the death of each prey allowing identifying the type of resources they consumed and generating a very precise image of the specific characteristics of the habitat. The cementochronology in turn, allows determining the season of the year in which the Neanderthals have killed their prey, while placing in a temporal frame the dietary characteristics of both their preys, and their survival str
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4

Cutler, Hannah Jane. "Understanding late Middle Palaeolithic Neandertal landscape-use during short-term occupations in Britain". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708600.

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5

Kempen, Bernhard. "Abenteuer in Gondwanaland und Neandertal : prähistorische Motive in der Literatur und anderen Medien /". Meitingen : Corian-Verl, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb409706829.

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6

Pérez, Luis Leopoldo Jesús. "Estrategias de subsistencia y dinámicas de asentamiento en los Valles de Alcoy durante el Paleolítico medio. Análisis zooarqueológico, tafonómico y paleoecológico de la secuencia arqueológica de El Salt (Alcoy, Alicante)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668396.

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La present tesi doctoral té per objectiu l'estudi comportamental de les últimes poblacions neandertals que van ocupar les Valls d'Alcoi (Alacant, Espanya) durant el Paleolític mitjà. Per a això, s'ha pres com a base material el registre faunístic recuperat en el jaciment arqueològic del Salt, estudiant des d'una perspectiva econòmica centrada en la subsistència humana, a través de l'aplicació de mètodes zooarqueològics i tafonòmics. Paral·lelament, es porta a terme la seva comparativa amb la resta d'evidències conegudes a la regió i en el conjunt del vessant mediterrània de la península Ibèrica, permetent obtenir una visió més general sobre les maneres de vida d'aquestes societats. Els principals resultats posen de manifest la capacitat d'adaptació i l'alt control del medi ambient dels homínids que freqüentaven El Salt, amb pràctiques de caça generalista centrada en els cèrvids, els caprins i els èquids sobre els quals es van practicar diversitat de tipus de transport i intensitat del processat i consum, reafirmant l'ús de l'enclavament com a zona d'habitació i / o de captació de recursos biològics i litològics, en el marc d'activitats relacionades amb el seu refugi, nutrició, aprovisionament i preparació tecnològica d'eines. Hem pogut confirmar l'origen antròpic de gran part de les acumulacions d'ungulats del Salt, al costat d'una aportació contínua de lepòrids a causa del paper jugat per altres agents (aus rapinyaires i carnívors), sense manifestar-se signes de competència interespecífica al llarg de la seqüència. A través de l'anàlisi paleoecològic dels macrovertebrats confirmem l'existència d'un entorn ecològic altament heterogeni per les Valls d'Alcoi durant el MIS 3, amb presència de biòtops de bosc, prat i muntanya que permetrien als grups neandertals la gestió d'una destacada varietat de recursos animals, vegetals i geològics.
La presente tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo el estudio comportamental de las últimas poblaciones neandertales que ocuparon los Valles de Alcoy (Alicante, España) durante el Paleolítico medio. Para ello, se ha tomado como base material el registro faunístico recuperado en el yacimiento arqueológico de El Salt, estudiándose desde una perspectiva económica centrada en la subsistencia humana, a través de la aplicación de métodos zoarqueológicos y tafonómicos. Paralelamente, se lleva a cabo su comparativa con el resto de evidencias conocidas en la región y en el conjunto de la vertiente mediterránea de la Península Ibérica, permitiendo obtener una visión más general sobre los modos de vida de estas sociedades. Los principales resultados ponen de manifiesto la capacidad de adaptación y el alto control del medioambiente de los homínidos que frecuentaban El Salt, con prácticas de caza generalista centrada en los cérvidos, los caprinos y los équidos sobre los que se practicaron diversidad de tipos de transporte e intensidad del procesado y consumo, reafirmando el uso del enclave como zona de habitación y/o de captación de recursos biológicos y litológicos, en el marco de actividades relacionadas con su refugio, nutrición, aprovisionamiento y preparación tecnológica de herramientas. Hemos podido confirmar el origen antrópico de gran parte de las acumulaciones de ungulados de El Salt, junto a un aporte continuo de lepóridos debido al papel jugado por otros agentes (aves rapaces y carnívoros), sin manifestarse signos de competencia interespecífica a lo largo de la secuencia. A través del análisis paleoecológico de los macrovertebrados confirmamos la existencia de un entorno ecológico altamente heterogéneo para los Valles de Alcoy durante el MIS 3, con presencia de biotopos de bosque, pradera y montaña que permitirían a los grupos neandertales la gestión de una destacada variedad de recursos animales, vegetales y geológicos.
The aim of this thesis is the behavioral study of the last Neanderthal populations that occupied the Valleys of Alcoy (Alicante, Spain) during the Middle Palaeolithic. To this end, the faunal record recovered from the El Salt archaeological site has been taken as a material base, being studied from an economic perspective centered on human subsistence, through the application of zoarchaeological and taphonomic methods. At the same time, it is compared with the rest of the others evidences in the region and in the whole of the Mediterranean side of the Iberian Peninsula, allowing to obtain a more general view of the ways of life of these groups. The main results show the adaptation capacity and the high control of the environment of the hominids that frequented El Salt, with general hunting practices focused on cervids, goats and equines on which diversity of transport types were practiced. Intensity of processing and consumption, reaffirming the use of the site as a habitation zone and / or collection of biological and lithological resources, within the framework of activities related to shelter, nutrition, provisioning and technological preparation of tools. We have been able to confirm the anthropic origin of a large part of the accumulations of ungulates of El Salt, together with a continuous contribution of leporids due to the role played by other agents (raptors and carnivores), without showing signs of interspecific competition throughout the sequence. Through the paleoecological analysis of the macrovertebrates, we confirmed the existence of a highly heterogeneous ecological environment for the Alcoy Valleys during MIS 3, with the presence of forest, meadow and mountain biotopes that would allow Neanderthal groups to manage a variety of animal, plant and geological resources.
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Kircher, Martin. "Understanding and improving high-throughput sequencing data production and analysis". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-71102.

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Advances in DNA sequencing revolutionized the field of genomics over the last 5 years. New sequencing instruments make it possible to rapidly generate large amounts of sequence data at substantially lower cost. These high-throughput sequencing technologies (e.g. Roche 454 FLX, Life Technology SOLiD, Dover Polonator, Helicos HeliScope and Illumina Genome Analyzer) make whole genome sequencing and resequencing, transcript sequencing as well as quantification of gene expression, DNA-protein interactions and DNA methylation feasible at an unanticipated scale. In the field of evolutionary genomics, high-throughput sequencing permitted studies of whole genomes from ancient specimens of different hominin groups. Further, it allowed large-scale population genetics studies of present-day humans as well as different types of sequence-based comparative genomics studies in primates. Such comparisons of humans with closely related apes and hominins are important not only to better understand human origins and the biological background of what sets humans apart from other organisms, but also for understanding the molecular basis for diseases and disorders, particularly those that affect uniquely human traits, such as speech disorders, autism or schizophrenia. However, while the cost and time required to create comparative data sets have been greatly reduced, the error profiles and limitations of the new platforms differ significantly from those of previous approaches. This requires a specific experimental design in order to circumvent these issues, or to handle them during data analysis. During the course of my PhD, I analyzed and improved current protocols and algorithms for next generation sequencing data, taking into account the specific characteristics of these new sequencing technologies. The presented approaches and algorithms were applied in different projects and are widely used within the department of Evolutionary Genetics at the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology. In this thesis, I will present selected analyses from the whole genome shotgun sequencing of two ancient hominins and the quantification of gene expression from short-sequence tags in five tissues from three primates.
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Sánchez, Quinto Federico A. 1985. "Adressing Neandertal evolutionary genetics at three different resolution levels : admixture with modern humans, demography and social structure". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/382631.

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Almost 20 years of Neandertal paleogenetics studies have significantly increased our knowledge about their evolutionary history. The analysis of DNA recovered from Neandertal remains to date, suggest that although they were a distinct hominin population to modern humans, a certain degree of gene flow occurred between the two of them. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that archaic introgressed material could have been biologically relevant for modern humans to adapt to new environments. Moreover, insights from a wide geographic and temporally different sampling of Neandertal mitochondrial sequences and from a high-coverage genome, suggest that Neandertals probably had a low effective population, which was possibly decreasing towards the end of their evolutionary time. This thesis focus to address the evolutionary genetic history of Neandertals at three different levels of resolution from: analyzing further aspects of their relatedness to modern humans, better characterizing their population history and identify the genetic basis for some of their distinctive morphological features, to describing their genetic structure within a social group. Insights from these three lines of research intend to reconstruct key aspects of their population history and its implications towards their eventual demise.
Casi veinte años de estudios de paleogenética Neandertal han incrementado significativamente nuestro conocimiento sobre su historia evolutiva. El análisis de secuencias genéticas recuperadas a partir de fósiles Neandertales, sugiere que a pesar de que éstos era un grupo de homínidos diferentes a los humanos modernos, cierta grado de introgresión genética ocurrió de Neandertales hacia humanos modernos. Más aún, estudios recientes sugieren que el material genético introducido a éstos pudo haber sido relevante biológicamente para adaptarse a nuevos ambientes. Por otro lado, inferencias a partir de datos genéticos mitocondriales provenientes de muestras de diferentes zonas geográficas y origen temporal, a la par con la secuencia de un genoma completo de alta calidad sugieren que los Neandertales tenían un tamaño efectivo de población reducido y que probablemente estaba disminuyendo hacia el final de su tiempo. La tesis aquí presentada, se enfoca a abordar la historia evolutiva Neandertal a tres niveles de resolución diferentes, analizando datos genéticos provenientes de fósiles. Primero, se analizan otros posibles eventos de introgresión genética con humanos modernos, no descritos hasta la fecha. Posteriormente, se caracteriza a detalle su demografía e identifica cambios específicos para su linaje evolutivo que podrían estar relacionados con las bases genéticas de algunos de sus rasgos morfológicos más distintivos. Finalmente, se describe la estructura genética y dinámica de un grupo social Neandertal. Las perspectivas de estas tres líneas de investigación pretenden no sólo reconstruir aspectos claves de su historia evolutiva, sino también entender las consecuencias que ésta pudo haber tenido con su eventual extinción.
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Chapman, Tara. "Morphometric, functional and biomechanical analysis of a virtual Neandertal in comparison with anatomically modern humans". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/251406.

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Early anthropological examination of Neandertal skeletal material by Marcellin Boule gave rise to popular images of Neandertals as brutish, ape-like creatures who walked hunched over with bent knees and a shuffling gait. Today, it is generally thought that Neandertals moved in a similar manner to humans with locomotive patterns within human ranges of variation and a bipedal gait likely to be indistinguishable from that of modern humans However, this hypothesis has not been tested by using the Neandertal skeleton as a whole. There is no complete Neandertal skeleton in the fossil record. The aim of this thesis was to reconstruct a complete virtual skeleton of a Neandertal based on the Spy II remains for educational museology purposes and for biomechanical analysis. Comparative analyses of Neandertal and modern human bones (pelvis, femur, rib) using different reference populations from Belgium were also undertaken. These studies were performed with a view to further understanding Neandertal bone morphology in comparison to modern humans, to assist in the reconstruction of the Neandertal Spy II skeleton and to aid in biomechanical analysis. A study on the sex determination of the pelves showed that there was no difference between physical linear measurements and virtual measurements, which was an important validation. The lhpFusionBox musculoskeletal software, which was developed at ULB, was used to scale available Neandertal and modern human bones to reconstruct the skeleton. Previous methods in the literature have only scaled bones of the same nature. A novel and validated scaling method was used to scale the Kebara 2 pelvis to the dimensions of the Spy II femur (as Spy II only has a small piece of sacrum) via the Neandertal 1 femur and pelvis. The reconstruction of a complete Neandertal skeleton based on the Spy II remains enabled the validation of individual reconstructions of bones, reconstructed long bones to be compared together with other limb proportions of Neandertals, stature estimation to be performed, and questions to be asked on previous attributions of bones to Spy II. The thoracic shape of Neandertals has previously been subject to much debate with many authors stating that it would have been markedly different from modern humans. This thesis created a Neandertal thorax with assistance from rib and thoracic experts from different domains using the Kebara 2 remains. One reconstruction was found to have a similar shape to modern humans and the other a markedly different shape, highlighting difficulties in thoracic reconstruction of fossil hominids.The full scale Neandertal skeleton has been printed in 3D and used in RBINS and other Museums in Europe as a reference for the Neandertal Skeleton in permanent gallery exhibitions. This skeleton is also used as the base for Neandertal hyper-realistic artistic reconstructions based on scientific evidence by the artists, the Kennis brothers which are in the Centre d'Interprétation de l'Homme de Spy, the National History Museum, London and other museums around the world. The reconstruction of a complete lower limb also allowed biomechanical studies. The various biomechanical studies have looked at what happens when you fuse the motion of a living modern human to Neandertal bones. We cannot say that the Neandertal would have walked or squatted similar to the volunteers in the studies but we can say that the morphology of their bones would have enabled them to walk or squat in this way. All the moment arms of the major muscles of the hip and knee were analysed and it was demonstrated that the Neandertal models largely had greater muscle moment arms than the AMH models meaning Neandertals could have had a significant mechanical advantage over modern humans. These studies demonstrate Neandertal postcranial morphology can be different to modern humans although certain aspects may be more similar than previously thought.
Historiquement, le travaux de Marcellin Boule ont donné lieu à des représentations populaires de Néandertaliens vus comme des créatures simiesques bestiales qui se déplaçaient courbés avec des genoux pliés en traînant les pieds. Aujourd'hui, il est généralement admis que les Néandertaliens se déplaçaient d'une manière similaire à l'homme moderne avec une locomotion bipède. Toutefois, cette hypothèse n'a pas été encore testée sur un squelette néandertalien dans son ensemble. Comme il n’existe aucun squelette de Néandertalien entier, le but de cette thèse était de reconstituer un squelette virtuel complet sur la base des restes de Spy II à des fins éducatives de muséologie et pour l'analyse biomécanique.Des analyses comparatives d’os de Néandertalien et d’humains modernes (bassin, fémur, côtes) en utilisant diverses populations de référence de Belgique ont également été menées. Ces études ont été réalisées en vue de comprendre la morphologie néandertalienne, pour aider à la reconstruction du squelette Spy II et à l'analyse biomécanique. Une étude sur la détermination du sexe à partir des pelvis a montré qu'il n'y avait pas de différence entre les mesures linéaires physiques et les mesures virtuelles, ce qui était une validation importante.Le logiciel musculosquelettique lhpFusionBox, développé à l'ULB, a été utilisé pour reconstruire le squelette. Un nouveau procédé de mise à l'échelle validé a été utilisé pour mettre à l'échelle le bassin de Kebara 2 aux dimensions du fémur de Spy II (comme Spy II ne possède qu’un petit fragment de sacrum) via le fémur et le bassin de Neandertal 1. La reconstruction d'un squelette complet de Néandertalien a apporté de nouvelles connaissances sur cette espèce dans différents domaines. Elle a permis la validation des reconstructions individuelles des os, de comparer les os longs reconstruits avec d'autres proportions des membres de Néandertaliens, de faire une estimation de stature, et de reconsidérer les attributions antérieures d'os à Spy II. La forme thoracique des Néandertaliens a déjà fait l'objet de nombreux débats. Cette reconstruction de Spy II, creé avec l'aide des experts utilisant les restes de Kebara 2, montre deux formes de reconstruction differentes, et indique les difficultés de la reconstruction thoracique des fossiles. Le squelette virtuel complet a été imprimé en 3D et utilisé par l’IRSNB et d'autres musées en Europe comme une référence de squelette néandertalien. Ce squelette a également été utilisé comme base pour les reconstructions artistiques hyper-réalistes de Néandertaliens, basées sur des données scientifiques, par les artistes Kennis et sont présentés dans les musées du monde entier. La reconstruction d'un membre inférieur complet a également permis des études biomécaniques. Ces dernières ont étudié la fusion du mouvement d'un homme moderne actuel avec des os néandertaliens. On ne peut pas se prononcer si le Néandertalien marchait ou s’accroupissait de manière similaire aux hommes modernes, mais on peut affirmer que leur morphologie osseuse leur permettait de marcher ou de s’accroupir de cette façon. Tous les bras de levier des principaux muscles de la hanche et du genou ont été analysés et il a été démontré que les Néandertaliens avaient les bras de levier plus grand que le modèle homme moderne signifiant Néandertaliens auraient eu un avantage mécanique important. Cette études démontre que des aspects de la morphologie postcrânienne néandertalienne soient différents, bien que certains d’entre eux soient plus semblables aux humains modernes qu'on ne le pensait.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Picin, Andrea. "The technological change in the western mediterranean during the mis 3". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145063.

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La problemática del cambio techno-tipológico durante el Paleolítico Medio es una cuestión debatida y no resuelta en los estudios de los comportamientos técnicos de los neandertales. El proyecto de esta tesis de doctorado tiene como objetivo contribuir a la discusión en curso añadiendo nuevos datos de dos yacimientos claves Europeos, Abric Romaní (España) (nivel O y M), y la Cueva de Fumane (Italia) (unidad A9 y A5+A6). El trabajo está enfocado en el cambio entre la tecnología Levallois y discoide, que ocurre en las secuencias arqueológicas de los dos yacimientos durante el MIS3. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, teniendo en consideración los conceptos de Human Behavioral Ecology y los aspectos de costes y beneficios relacionados con el cambio de las estrategias de talla.
The problematic of the techno-typological change during the Middle Paleolithic is a debated and unresolved issue in the study of Neanderthals technical behaviors. The project of this Ph.D. thesis aims to contribute to the on-going discussion adding new data from two European key sites, Abric Romaní (Spain) (level O and M), and Fumane Cave (Italy) (unit A9 and unit A5+A6). The work is focused on the particular shift between Levallois and discoid technology that occurred in the archaeological sequences of the two sites during the MIS3. The study will be carried out with a quantitative perspective taking in considerations the concepts of the Human Behavioral Ecology and the aspects of costs and benefits related with the change of the knapping strategies
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Libros sobre el tema "Neandertal"

1

Oliverio, Alberto. Neandertal. Milano: Leonardo, 1993.

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Hansson, Gunnar D. AB Neandertal. Stockholm: Bonnier Alba, 1996.

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Pirson, Stéphane y Toussaint Michel. Neandertal, l'Européen. Namur: Service public de Wallonie, 2010.

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Stichting Nederlands Museum voor Anthropologie en Praehistorie, ed. The Neandertal experiment. [Netherlands: s.l., 2010.

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Ménard, Pierre, 19..- ... angliciste, ed. Le mystère Neandertal. Neuilly-sur-Seine: M. Lafon, 2009.

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The demise of the Neandertals: A study on neandertal extinction. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.

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Altenmüller, Eckart. Vom Neandertal in die Philharmonie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2186-9.

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Schmitz, Ralf W. Neandertal: Die Geschichte geht weiter. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2000.

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Neandertal lithic industries at La Quina. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2012.

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Coolidge, Frederick L. (Frederick Lawrence), 1948-, ed. How to think like a Neandertal. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Neandertal"

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Duveau, Jérémy, Gilles Berillon y Christine Verna. "On the Tracks of Neandertals: The Ichnological Assemblage from Le Rozel (Normandy, France)". En Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 183–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_11.

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AbstractHominin tracks represent a unique window into moments in the life of extinct individuals. They can provide biological and locomotor data that are not accessible from skeletal remains. However, these tracks are relatively scarce in the fossil record, particularly those attributed to Neandertals. They are also most often devoid of associated archaeological material, which limits their interpretation. The Palaeolithic site of Le Rozel (Normandy, France) located in a dune complex formed during the Upper Pleistocene has yielded between 2012 and 2017 several hundred tracks (257 hominin footprints, 8 handprints as well as 6 animal tracks). This ichnological assemblage is distributed within five stratigraphic subunits dated to 80,000 years. These subunits are rich in archaeological material that attests to brief occupations by Neandertal groups and provides information about the activities that they carried out. The ichnological assemblage discovered at Le Rozel is the largest attributed to Neandertals to date and more generally the most important for hominin taxa other than Homo sapiens. The particularly large number of footprints can provide major information for our understanding of the Palaeolithic occupations at Le Rozel and for our knowledge of the composition of Neandertal groups.
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Tattersall, Ian. "Neues aus Neandertal". En Neandertaler, 206–7. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5083-4_12.

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Speth, John D. "Housekeeping, Neandertal-Style". En Transitions Before the Transition, 171–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-24661-4_10.

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Altenmüller, Eckart. "Vom Wesen der Musik". En Vom Neandertal in die Philharmonie, 1–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2186-9_1.

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Altenmüller, Eckart. "Musik hören – Musik entsteht im Kopf". En Vom Neandertal in die Philharmonie, 83–191. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2186-9_2.

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Altenmüller, Eckart. "Musik machen". En Vom Neandertal in die Philharmonie, 193–346. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2186-9_3.

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Altenmüller, Eckart. "Musik fühlen". En Vom Neandertal in die Philharmonie, 347–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2186-9_4.

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Altenmüller, Eckart. "Mit Musik heilen". En Vom Neandertal in die Philharmonie, 401–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2186-9_5.

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Altenmüller, Eckart. "Coda". En Vom Neandertal in die Philharmonie, 459–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2186-9_6.

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Wynn, Thomas y Frederick L. Coolidge. "The Expert Performance Model of Neandertal Cognition". En Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series, 23–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8980-1_3.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Neandertal"

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ROEBROEKS, WIL. "THE SILENCE OF THE STONES: ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD FOR (NEANDERTAL) LANGUAGE". En Proceedings of the 8th International Conference (EVOLANG8). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814295222_0033.

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Reinoso, Luiz y Camila Moura. "Buga! A aventura de um neandertal: Uma aplicação interativa como recurso pedagógico para aprendizagem de história". En Workshops do Congresso Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/cbie.wcbie.2016.395.

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Gualberto, Antonio, Tenghui Chen, Catherine Scholz y Jason Luke. "Abstract P110: Neandertal introgressions contribute to upper aero-digestive tract tumor patient survival and identify patients who may benefit from STING agonist treatment". En Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; October 7-10, 2021. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-21-p110.

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Neumann, Paul F. "Virtual Neandertals". En ACM SIGGRAPH 96 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '96. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/253607.253764.

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JOHANSSON, SVERKER. "THE CASE FOR NEANDERTHAL LANGUAGE—HOW STRONG IS IT?" En Proceedings of the 9th International Conference (EVOLANG9). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814401500_0023.

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SZETO, PUI YIU. "SUPPORTING EVIDENCE FOR LANGUAGE POLYGENESIS FROM NEANDERTHAL-HUMAN INTERBREEDING". En EVOLANG 10. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814603638_0040.

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ROBERTS, SEÁN G., DAN DEDIU y STEPHEN C. LEVINSON. "DETECTING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE LANGUAGES OF NEANDERTALS AND MODERN HUMANS". En EVOLANG 10. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814603638_0114.

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Dodat, Pierre-jean, Vincent Balter, Bruno Maureille, Christine Couture-Veschambre y Maurice Hardy. "Calcium isotopic biogeochemistry: Application to the dietary reconstruction of middle Paleolithic Neandertals". En Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5936.

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BENÍTEZ-BURRACO, ANTONIO y VÍCTOR M. LONGA. "ON THE INFERENCE 'NEANDERTHALS HAD FOXP2 = THEY HAD COMPLEX LANGUAGE'". En Proceedings of the 9th International Conference (EVOLANG9). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814401500_0007.

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Omonov, Anvarbek. "SOME CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT PEOPLE OF THE MODERN TYPE AND NEANDERTHALS". En SCIENTIFIC PRACTICE: MODERN AND CLASSICAL RESEARCH METHODS. European Scientific Platform, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-26.02.2021.v3.47.

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