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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Objets spatiaux"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 16 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Objets spatiaux"

Billen, Roland y Eliseo Clementini. "Etude des caractéristiques projectives des objets spatiaux et de leurs relations". Revue internationale de géomatique 14, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2004): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.14.145-165.

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Dumont, Marc. "Les micro-territoires dans l’aménagement urbain, objets spatiaux et sociaux paradoxaux". Norois, n.º 193 (1 de diciembre de 2004): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/norois.731.

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Dumont, Marc y Marie-Pierre Anglade. "D'une géographie des " objets spatiaux " à une approche sociologique du " cadre spatial " : L'espace en confrontation". Travaux de l'Institut Géographique de Reims 30, n.º 119 (2004): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tigr.2004.1484.

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Baudoz, Pierre. "Les futures missions spatiales dédiées aux planètes extrasolaires". Photoniques, n.º 95 (enero de 2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/20199534.

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Avec 4000 planètes découvertes en 20 ans dont plus de la moitié dans les trois dernières années, l’étude des planètes extrasolaires est devenue un thème majeur de l’astronomie moderne. La découverte de planètes différentes de celles observées dans notre système solaire interroge les modèles de formation et d’évolution des systèmes planétaires. Pour bien comprendre la nature de ces nouveaux objets, les données actuelles sont trop limitées et des grands projets notamment spatiaux seront nécessaires dans les années qui viennent.

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Bunel, Mattia, Ana-Maria Olteanu-Raimond y Cécile Duchêne. "Objets et relations spatiales composites et prise en compte du vague pour interpréter un référencement spatial indirect". Revue Internationale de Géomatique 29, n.º 1 (enero de 2019): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.2019.00075.

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Cet article propose une méthodologie destinée à transformer une description de position exprimée dans un référentiel indirect en une position absolue dans un référentiel direct. Cette problématique nécessite une formalisation des éléments de localisation relatifs, ici sous la forme d’un modèle en triplets, utilisé ensuite comme base de référencement, et un questionnement sur la prise en compte de l’imperfection du langage naturel dans le processus de modélisation. Nous proposons de faire appel aux objets spatiaux flous et nous comparons leurs implémentations afin d’identifier l’approche la plus adaptée au contexte du secours en montagne.

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Toussaint, J. y S. Vareilles. "Handicap et reconquête de l'autonomie : réflexions autour du rapport entre convivialité des objets et autonomie des individus". Geographica Helvetica 65, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2010): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-65-249-2010.

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Abstract. Cette contribution a pour origine une commande des services du Grand Lyon qui cherchaient à évaluer des mobiliers urbains spécifiquement conçus pour les publics malvoyants et aveugles. La question du handicap comme problème d'aménagement urbain renvoie à l'autonomie des individus handicapés dans l'espace public. Les enquêtes mobilisées montrent comment le handicap est lié à la mobilisation des objets dans l'activité sociale. Dans l'activité sociale urbaine, les dispositions corporelles et cognitives des individus s'actualisent dans les dispositifs qui constituent les environnements urbains. Les situations de handicap seraient conséquentes à une rupture dans le rapport des dispositions aux dispositifs. Elles seraient d'abord privation, partielle ou totale, de l'accès aux objets qui autorisent, par leur fonctionnement, le déroulement des activités quotidiennes nécessaires à l'existence de chacun. Cette privation conduirait ensuite à la perte d'autonomie et augmenterait la dépendance à la sollicitude d'autrui. Dans cette perspective, la reconquête de lautonomie en situation de handicap apparaît dépendante de la technique telle qu'elle exosomatise les aptitudes corporelles et cognitives et les constituent en dispositions dans le fonctionnement des objets et des dispositifs techniques et spatiaux.

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Berdoulay, Vincent. "Les idéologies comme phénomènes géographiques". Cahiers de géographie du Québec 29, n.º 77 (12 de abril de 2005): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021718ar.

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Par-delà la dénonciation de l'idéologie dans le travail du géographe, il est possible d'élaborer une phénoménologie des idéologies comme objets géographiques. En tant que pratiques, elles sont constitutives de la vie sociale et productrice des significations qui président aux rapports de l'homme à son milieu. Elles tirent leur intérêt de leur relative autonomie et de l'initiative humaine qui s'y exprime. Certains thèmes de recherche s'en trouvent régénérés. L'étude des conflits spatiaux échappe aux tendances fonctionnalistes qui la caractérisent souvent. La production de sens qui émane des idéologies permet d'identifier des groupes humains et des espaces dont l'unité est voulue et construite. Enfin les totalités ainsi chargées de sens sont plus facilement repérables par l'identification des finalités inscrites dans toute idéologie.

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LARDON, Sylvie, Elisa Marraccini, Rosalia Filippini, Sabine Gennai-Schott, François Johany y Davide Rizzo. "Prospective participative pour la zone urbaine de Pise (Italie) : l’eau et l’alimentation comme enjeux de développement territorial". Cahiers de géographie du Québec 60, n.º 170 (18 de julio de 2017): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040535ar.

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Nous présentons une démarche de prospective participative – le jeu de territoire – basée sur l’usage des représentations spatiales aux différentes étapes de diagnostic, scénario d’évolution et pistes d’action. Cette démarche a été déployée dans la région urbaine de Pise (Italie) sur les enjeux de gestion de l’eau et de l’alimentation. Au total, 35 acteurs (agriculteurs, conseillers techniques ou décideurs) ont participé aux ateliers participatifs organisés par les chercheurs. L’utilisation et le partage des représentations spatiales ont incité les participants à franchir leurs espaces d’action habituels et à explorer des scénarios prospectifs en déplaçant leur centre d’intérêt individuel vers un point de vue collectif. Le processus d’hybridation des connaissances sous-jacent au jeu de territoire a permis aux chercheurs et aux acteurs locaux de déterminer les objets spatiaux intégrateurs pour le développement durable des territoires ruraux et périurbains.

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Landau, Barbara y Ray Jackendoff. "“What” and “where” in spatial language and spatial cognition". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16, n.º 2 (junio de 1993): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00029733.

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AbstractFundamental to spatial knowledge in all species are the representations underlying object recognition, object search, and navigation through space. But what sets humans apart from other species is our ability to express spatial experience through language. This target article explores the language ofobjectsandplaces, asking what geometric properties are preserved in the representations underlying object nouns and spatial prepositions in English. Evidence from these two aspects of language suggests there are significant differences in the geometric richness with which objects and places are encoded. When an object is named (i.e., with count nouns), detailed geometric properties – principally the object's shape (axes, solid and hollow volumes, surfaces, and parts) – are represented. In contrast, when an object plays the role of either “figure” (located object) or “ground” (reference object) in a locational expression, only very coarse geometric object properties are represented, primarily the main axes. In addition, the spatial functions encoded by spatial prepositions tend to be nonmetric and relatively coarse, for example, “containment,” “contact,” “relative distance,” and “relative direction.” These properties are representative of other languages as well. The striking differences in the way language encodes objects versus places lead us to suggest two explanations: First, there is a tendency for languages to level out geometric detail from both object and place representations. Second, a nonlinguistic disparity between the representations of “what” and “where” underlies how language represents objects and places. The language of objects and places converges with and enriches our understanding of corresponding spatial representations.

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Hardi, Ode Sofyan y Kiki Rumantir. "KETERAMPILAN MENGOBSERVASI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS". Jurnal SPATIAL Wahana Komunikasi dan Informasi Geografi 18, n.º 2 (26 de octubre de 2018): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spatial.182.01.

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The purpose of this study is to describe phenomena in thematic learning in elementary schools, where the ability to observe is included in the aspect of geographical skills. This research method uses descriptive method with a survey approach, by taking a sample of the school in SDN Rawamangun 12 Pagi, and taking a sample V class .The data analysis technique used is the description technique. Students who make observations can be seen from several activities below: Using various feelings to recognize an object; Record in detail the relevant facts of the object and everything around it; Identify similarities and differences; Using tools and materials to understand objects in detail. The results of this study basically students who study at SDN Rawamangun 12 Pagi have been able to observe social objects in social studies material using guided inquiry methods students experienced a significant increase. The use of models that prioritize aspects of high thinking in students, so that students experience good learning outcomes. Keywords: Skills, Observations, Social Sciences

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Tesis sobre el tema "Objets spatiaux"

Aloupi, Niki. "Le rattachement des engins à l'Etat en droit international public (navires, aéronefs, objets spatiaux)". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020022/document.

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Contrairement aux autres biens meubles, les navires, les aéronefs et les objets spatiaux affectés à la navigation internationale sont rattachés à un Etat. Le lien de droit public établi entre ces engins et l’Etat est communément appelé « nationalité ». Mais ce terme n’exprime pas à leur propos une institution à tous égards identique à la nationalité des personnes. Le rattachement examiné ne repose en effet pas sur des éléments de fait (naissance, ascendance etc.), mais uniquement sur un acte administratif interne, l’immatriculation. L’étude de la pratique, notamment des conventions internationales et des législations nationales, montre clairement que – contrairement à ce qu’on soutient souvent – il n’y a pas lieu de subordonner ce rattachement à un lien effectif. Ce qui importe, compte tenu notamment du fait que ces engins évoluent dans des espaces soustraits à toute compétence territoriale, est d’identifier l’Etat qui est seul compétent à l’égard de l’« ensemble organisé » formé par le véhicule, les personnes et la cargaison à bord, et qui est responsable de ses activités. Le droit international interdit dès lors la double immatriculation, mais il laisse aux Etats le pouvoir discrétionnaire de déterminer les conditions d’attribution de leur « nationalité », sans subordonner l’opposabilité internationale de celle-ci à quelque autre exigence que ce soit. Le danger est toutefois que cela favorise un certain laxisme de l’Etat d’immatriculation, ce qui exposerait au risque que des dommages graves soient causés aux personnes impliquées dans les activités de ces engins et – surtout – aux tiers. Mais ce sont les obligations internationales imposées et les droits corrélatifs reconnus dans le chef de l’Etat d’immatriculation qui sont déterminants à cet égard et non quelque mystérieuse « effectivité » du rattachement. Autrement dit, s’il n’est pas nécessaire d’imposer à l’Etat d’immatriculation des conditions internationales limitant sa liberté dans l’attribution de sa « nationalité » aux engins, il est indispensable d’exiger que celui-ci respecte ses obligations, c’est-à-dire exerce effectivement son contrôle et sa juridiction. Cette constatation se vérifie quel que soit l’engin en cause. Le rattachement créé par l’immatriculation constitue donc une institution "sui generis", commune aux navires, aéronefs et objets spatiaux et dont le régime juridique est encadré par le droit international
Unlike any other movable property, ships, aircraft and space objects that are engaged in international navigation are linked to a State. The legal connection established between these craft/vessels and the State is commonly referred to as “nationality”. However, in this case the term does not represent an institution identical in all respects to the nationality of persons. With regard to vessels, the legal connection to a State is not based on factual elements (such as birth, descent etc.), but merely on the internal administrative act of registration. The study of State practice, notably international conventions and national laws, clearly shows that – contrary to what is often argued – there is no need to make this connection dependent on a pre-existing effective link. What matters most, given that these craft navigate in international space beyond the territorial jurisdiction of sovereign States, is to identify the State that holds sole jurisdiction over said “organized entity” consisting of the vehicle, the persons and the cargo on board and that is responsible for its activities. Public international law therefore prohibits dual registration, but leaves States free to determine the conditions under which they will confer their “nationality”, without imposing any other requirement for the opposability of this legal bond to third States. The danger is that this situation encourages laxity on the part of the States of registry and therefore creates the potential for serious damage incurred by persons involved in these vessels’ activities and – mostly – by third persons. In this regard, it is the international obligations and corresponding rights of the States of registry which are critical, and not a mysterious “effectiveness” of the legal bond. In other words, it is not necessary to impose on the State of registry any international conditions which would limit its freedom with regard to the conferral of its “nationality” upon vessels. It is however indispensable to require that said State complies with its obligations, meaning that it has to effectively exercise its jurisdiction and control over those craft. This statement holds true regardless of the craft concerned. The legal bond created by the registration therefore constitutes a "sui generis" institution, common to ships, aircraft and space objects, and whose legal regime is governed by international law

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Troutet, Yann. "L'analyse par objets spatiaux d'une image ETM+ de Landsat au service de l'inventaire écologique du parc national du Canada Auyuittuq". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/383.

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La classification d'une image ETM+ de Landsat a été réalisée pour la cartographie des types de couverture du sol dans la moitié sud du parc national du Canada Auyuittuq. Le projet fait appel à l'analyse d'image par objets spatiaux (object-based image analysis ). Le logiciel eCognition 4.0 permet une segmentation hiérarchique de l'image qui est analogue au concept de l'inventaire écologique des parcs nationaux. Un territoire d'environ 8 300 km 2 a été cartographié à trois niveaux de perception différents à partir d'une image acquise le 13 août 2000. Un modèle numérique d'altitude fut incorporé au projet et de nombreux indices spectraux ont été calculés à partir des données ETM + . Le niveau de segmentation brute comporte 375 312 objets regroupés en 36 classes. À ce niveau, la structure de classification repose sur 118 règles référant aux paramètres spectraux, spatiaux et topographiques des segments. Ces règles combinent des systèmes de seuillages chiffrés et des opérations de tri au plus proche voisin. L'attribution des segments aux classes du projet est tributaire de ces règles et répond à une logique floue. À la suite d'une fusion de segments et d'un premier regroupement de classes, on obtient le second niveau du projet, qui compte 102 239 objets et 28 classes thématiques. Ce niveau s'apparente aux"écotypes" au sens de l'inventaire écologique des parcs nationaux. Un second regroupement réduit à 9 le nombre de classes et à 36 887 le nombre d'objets, ce qui se rapproche d'une cartographie des «écosystèmes » de l'inventaire écologique. Sur le terrain, 315 relevés photographiques de la végétation ont été réalisés dans les vallées Akshayuk et Naqsaq. Pour chaque relevé, les pourcentages de couverture de 5 strates végétales ont été estimés, de manière à ranger les relevés dans 8 classes de végétation connues a priori. Dans l'image, ce sont 135 segments qui ont pu être retenus comme échantillons. De ce nombre, 71 et 64 échantillons furent retenus respectivement pour l'entraînement et la validation de la classification au plus proche voisin qui fut réalisée pour la végétation. L'exactitude générale de la classification de la végétation a été estimée à 54,7 %. Contrairement à la végétation, le couvert non-végétal est classifié suivant principalement un système de règles, lesquelles décrivent le comportement spectral de 34 types de surfaces selon une structure de classification hiérarchique.La classification des 20 écotypes non-végétaux a été validée par photo-interprétation à l'aide de 992 segments-non-végétale est évaluée à 83,2 %. Une fois synthétisée au niveau des écosystèmes, la classification atteint un taux de succès global de 92,7 %. Pour la classification de la végétation, l'analyse d'image par objets spatiaux livre une cartographie dont l'exactitude est équivalente à celle d'une classification basée sur le pixel réalisée par Parcs Canada pour la même image (54,7 % vs 53,4 %). Notre stratification comporte cependant un plus grand nombre de catégories non-végétales et leur classification atteint un niveau d'exactitude supérieur. L'analyse par objet spatiaux nous a permis d'aller au-delà de l'analyse pûrement spectrale pour incorporer des paramètres texturaux, géométriques et contextuels à la procédure de classification. Elle résulte en une représentation plus synthétique de l'information cartographique que la classification basée sur le pixel, mais les patrons spatiaux les plus fins des milieux les plus hétérogènes sont alors perdus.La structure de classification développée pour notre image peut être transposée avec succès vers une nouvelle image, mais ceci exige que soient apportés des ajustements aux règles de classification, voire l'ajout ou la suppréssion de certaines règles.La segmentation hiérarchique s'avère utile comme analogue au concept de l'inventaire écologique des parcs nationaux. Les informations véhiculées par chacun des niveaux de notre classification sont des intrants importants pour l'inventaire écologique du parc national du Canada Auyuittuq. Une typologie définitive reste à définir tant pour la classification de la végétation que pour le couvert non-végétal des parcs nationaux de l'Arctique. Des clés de classification seraient requises pour traduire ces typologies en paramètres reconnaissables sur le terrain. En mettant en commun les diverses données de terrain existantes pour le parc national du Canada Auyuittuq et en les structurant selon ces typologies, on obtiendrait une banque d'échantillons augmentée et plus cohérente. De telles données de références s'avéreraient une base solide pour la validation des classifications présentement disponibles ainsi que pour la mise en oeuvre de travaux futurs en matière d'inventaire écologique pour le parc national du Canada Auyuittuq.

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Mefteh, Wafa. "Approche ontologique pour la modélisation et le raisonnement sur les trajectoires : prise en compte des aspects thématiques, temporels et spatiaux". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS405/document.

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L’évolution des systèmes de capture des données concernant les objets mobiles a donné naissance à de nouvelles générations d’applications dans différents domaines. Les données capturées, communément appelées « trajectoires », sont au cœur des applications qui analysent et supervisent le trafic routier, maritime et aérien ou également celles qui optimisent le transport public. Elles sont aussi exploitées dans les domaines du jeu vidéo, du cinéma, du sport et dans le domaine de la biologie animale pour l’étude des comportements, par les systèmes de capture des mouvements. Aujourd’hui, les données produites par ces capteurs sont des données brutes à caractère spatio-temporel qui cachent des informations sémantiquement riches et enrichissantes pour un expert. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’associer automatiquement aux données spatio-temporelles des descriptions ou des concepts liés au comportement des objets mobiles, interprétables par les humains, mais surtout par les machines. Partant de ce constat, nous proposons un processus partant de l’expérience des objets mobiles de monde réel, notamment le bateau et l’avion, vers un modèle ontologique générique pour la trajectoire. Nous présentons quelques requêtes qui intéressent les experts du domaine et qui montrent l’impossibilité d’exploiter les trajectoires dans leurs états bruts. En effet, l’analyse de ces requêtes fait ressortir trois types de composantes sémantiques : thématique, spatiale et temporelle. Ces composantes doivent être rattachées aux données des trajectoires ce qui conduit à introduire un processus d’annotation qui transforme les trajectoires brutes en trajectoires sémantiques. Pour exploiter les trajectoires sémantiques, on construit une ontologie de haut niveau pour le domaine de la trajectoire qui modélise les données brutes et leurs annotations. Vu le besoin d’un raisonnement complet avec des concepts et des opérateurs spatiaux et temporaux, nous proposons la solution de réutilisation des ontologies de temps et d’espace. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons aussi notre travail issu d’une collaboration avec une équipe de recherche qui s’intéresse à l’analyse et à la compréhension des comportements des mammifères marins dans leur milieu naturel. Nous détaillons le processus utilisé dans les deux premiers domaines, qui part des données brutes représentant les déplacements des phoques jusqu’au modèle ontologique de trajectoire des phoques. Nous accordons une attention particulière à l’apport de l’ontologie de haut niveau définissant un cadre contextuel pour l’ontologie du domaine d’application. Enfin, cette thèse présente la difficulté de mise en œuvre sur des données de taille réelle (des centaines de milliers d’individus) lors du raisonnement à travers les mécanismes d’inférence utilisant des règles métiers
The evolution of systems capture data on moving objects has given birth to new generations of applications in various fields. Captured data, commonly called ”trajectories”, are at the heart of applications that analyze and monitor road, maritime and air traffic or also those that optimize public transport. They are also used in the video game, movies, sports and field biology to study animal behavior, by motion capture systems. Today, the data produced by these sensors are raw spatio-temporal characters hiding semantically rich and meaningful informations to an expert data. So, the objective of this thesis is to automatically associate the spatio-temporal data descriptions or concepts related to the behavior of moving objects, interpreted by humans, but also by machines. Based on this observation, we propose a process based on the experience of real-world moving objects, including vessel and plane, to an ontological model for the generic path. We present some applications of interest to experts in the field and show the inability to use the paths in their raw state. Indeed, the analysis of these queries identified three types of semantic components : thematic, spatial and temporal. These components must be attached to data paths leading to enter an annotation that transforms raw semantic paths process trajectories. To exploit the semantic trajectories, we construct a high-level ontology for the domain of the path which models the raw data and their annotations. Given the need of complete reasoning with concepts and spatial and temporal operators, we propose the solution for reuse of ontologies time space. In this thesis, we also present our results from a collaboration with a research team that focuses on the analysis and understanding of the behavior of marine mammals in their natural environment. We describe the process used in the first two areas, which share raw data representing the movement of seals to ontological trajectory model seals. We pay particular attention to the contribution of the upper ontology defined in a contextual framework for ontology application. Finally, this thesis presents the difficulty of implementation on real data size (hundreds of thousands) when reasoning through inference mechanisms using business rules

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Bernardes, Wagner César. "Objetos digitais de aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento de habilitades especiais : um estudo de caso no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115212.

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Ce travail porte sur l’étude du développement des habilités spatiales comme rotation mentale, perception spatiale et visualisation spatiale à partir de l’utilisation des objets d’apprentissage numériques chez les apprenants de l’Enseignement primaire. Une expérience a été réalisée avec des apprenants de la sixième année, agée de 10 à 12 ans, qui n’avaient pas encore été exposés à des situations de manipulation des objets spatiaux. Cette expérience consiste en une séquence didactique qui a intégré des activités avec la manipulation de certains objets numériques développés par par Freudenthal Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (Universiteit Utrecht) et des activités réalisées sans la manipulation de ces objets. Le but de cette recherche a été de vérifier comment les objets numériques d’apprentissage sélectionnés peuvent aider l’apprenant à développer des habilités spatiales. Nous avons montré, à partir de l’analyse de cette expérience, à la lumière de la théorie de Voyer, Voyer e Bryden (1995), Fischbein (1993), Grande (1994) et Gutiérrez (1991), que les trois catégories d’habilités spatiales ont été exploitées et développés chez ces apprenants, à partir de l’élaboration d’une séquence didactique organisée et d’interaction des apprenants avec les activités proposées. De cette façon, nous avons pu observer qu’il est possible de commencer un travail de développement de ces habilités même à l’Enseignement primaire.
Este trabalho aborda o estudo do desenvolvimento de habilidades espaciais, como rotação mental, percepção espacial e visualização espacial, utilizando-se de objetos digitais de aprendizagem nos alunos do Ensino Fundamental. Foi realizada uma experiência com alunos do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental, com idades entre 10 e 12 anos, que ainda não tinham sido expostos a situações de manipulação de objetos espaciais. Esta experiência consistia em uma sequência didática, que integrou atividades com manipulação de determinados objetos digitais desenvolvidos pelo Freudenthal Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (Universiteit Utrecht) e atividades realizadas sem a manipulação destes objetos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar como os objetos digitais de aprendizagem selecionados auxiliam o aluno a desenvolver habilidades espaciais. Mostramos, com base na análise da experiência, à luz da teoria de Voyer, Voyer e Bryden (1995), Fischbein (1993), Grande (1994) e Gutiérrez (1991), que as três categorias de habilidades espaciais foram exploradas e desenvolvidas nestes alunos, a partir da elaboração de uma sequência didática organizada e da interação dos alunos com as atividades propostas. Desta forma, observamos que é possível iniciar um trabalho de desenvolvimento destas habilidades ainda no Ensino Fundamental.
This work broaches the development study of spatial skills such as mental rotation, spatial perception and spatial visualization, using learning digital objects elementary-school-students. An experience was accomplished with 6th grade-elementary-school-students aged 10 to 12 years old, who had never been shown with situations of spatial objects manipulation. This experience consists in a didatics sequence that integrated activities with manipulation of certain digital objects developed by Freudenthal Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (Universiteit Utrecht) and activities done without the manipulation of these objects. The aim ot this search was to go into how selected learning digital objects support the students to develop spatial skills. We presented, based on the experience analysis, coming to light the theory of Voyer, Voyer e Bryden (1995), Fischbein (1993), Grande (1994) e Gutiérrez (1991) that the three categories of spatial skills were explored and developed with these students, from the elaboration of a organized didatics sequence and form the interaction of the students with the porposed activities. That way, we observed it is possible to start a development work of these skills yet in elementary school.

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Mello, Catherine. "The business end of objects monitoring object orientation /". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1247589191.

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Gnata, Xavier. "Développement d'un simulateur de performances pour le spectrographe NIRSpec du futur télescope spatial JWST". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196900.

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Le futur télescope spatial JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) sera lancé en 2013. Conçu pour observer dans l'infrarouge de 0.6 à 27 µm, ce télescope sera équipé, entre autres instruments, du spectrographe multi-objets NIRSpec (Near Infrared Spectrograph). Dans cette thèse, nous modélisons et analysons les performances optiques de cet instrument développé par EADS/Astrium pour l'Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA).
Notre étude se concentre sur la qualité d'image, la distorsion et l'efficacité totale de NIRSpec.
Ces calculs de performances reposent sur un code d'optique de Fourier développé durant cette thèse. Dans ce manuscrit, nous discutons les hypothèses et les limites de notre approche et nous présentons les résultats obtenus par l'étude de la distorsion et des effets de la diffraction. Ces résultats ont été utilisés pour vérifier des points clefs de la conception de NIRSpec. La complexité de NIRSpec nous a également amenés à développer un simulateur complet de l'optique et des détecteurs. Nous décrivons les algorithmes mis au point pour ces simulations ainsi que les éléments importants de leur implémentation (optimisation des temps de calculs). Les poses ainsi crées sont actuellement utilisées pour tester les futurs logiciels de traitement des données NIRSpec.

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Ramalingam, Chitra. "Modeling Multiple Granularities of Spatial Objects". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RamalingamC2002.pdf.

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Attan, Caroline Amanda. "Significant objects in migrants' experience". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271387.

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Objects are involved in complex overlapping relations of significance and the programme of research examines how the choices and arrangement of significant objects articulates self-identity across discontinuity in life experience. In-depth interviews with migrants and the ancestors of migrants in the living rooms of their homes focus on objects and furniture to examine the role of the object in supporting identity in differing degrees of migratory dislocation. The research investigates the role of the object as both internal and external supports through migration and re-integration through different generations. The investigation draws on key literatures in anthropology, philosophy and creative writing to support issues concerning the transition caused through migration and the structuring of the home in a new cultural environment. The first chapter explores how generic social meaning attached to objects becomes less relevant as the relationship between the individual and the object deepens through the passage of time. The second chapter examines patterns concerning the arrangement and selection of objects in the living room and how the physical interaction with objects structure memory and supports a personal narrative. The third chapter examines how objects and furniture are used to define the life-stages through the process of migration and become indicators of a personal history. A subculture is identified that both assimilates the cultural experience of their country of birth and their migrant ancestry. In conclusion, the relationship between these discussions demonstrates how significant objects are used by the individual to develop and define memories and thoughts. This study contributes to the literature of material culture by identifying the layering of memories attached to significant objects and how objects are used as personal supports through discontinuity caused by cultural dislocation and act as a catalyst for the inter-gene rational transfer of memories and cultural inheritance.

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Lara, Arnaldo Câmara. "Descritor de bordas e quantização espacial flexível aplicados a categorização de objetos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-29042013-111855/.

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A área de reconhecimento de objetos tem assistido a um impressionante progresso na última década. O estudo de descritores, aliado à estratégias de amostragem usando quantizações espaciais e a combinação de classificadores têm permeado o estado da arte nos últimos anos. Neste trabalho é proposta uma nova quantização espacial com número arbitrário de níveis e subdivisões arbitrárias de regiões. Regiões adjacentes possuem sobreposição gerando redundância na representação destas regiões de fronteiras e, assim, evitando as quebras que acontecem nas pirâmides espaciais tradicionais que prejudicam a interpretação das formas. Apesar de melhorar o desempenho da abordagem do saco de palavras, as pirâmides espaciais não são robustas a variações na orientação dos objetos na imagem. Foi também proposto neste trabalho, uma divisão espacial utilizando regiões circulares concêntricas que aumentam a robustez a rotação dos objetos na imagem em aproximadamente 80% quando comparada às pirâmides espaciais. Além das novas divisões espaciais, é proposto neste trabalho um novo descritor baseado na aplicação de granulometria morfológica no mapa de bordas da imagem original. Este descritor foi utilizado na criação de modelos de classes em aplicações de categorização de objetos utilizando uma base de dados pública com resultados superiores aos do melhor descritor baseado em bordas reportado pela literatura. Todas estas novas técnicas propostas foram utilizadas em um problema desafiador de categorização de objetos de classes muito parecidas. Foi utilizado um subconjunto da base de pássaros Caltech-UCSD Birds-200 2011 com resultados comparáveis aos melhores resultados reportados pela literatura. A abordagem proposta cria uma classificação de dois níveis e utiliza modelos específicos por classe o que é intuitivo, pois cada espécie de pássaro possui características muito sutis que as diferenciam das demais espécies testadas. Vários descritores são utilizados na criação dos modelos de classes e uma combinação de classificadores gera a rotulação final para a amostra. O descritor proposto neste trabalho esteve presente no melhor modelo de 11 das 13 classes testadas e o resultado final obtido pela técnica de categorização proposta é o melhor resultado utilizando a abordagem do saco de palavras.
The object recognition area has experienced an impressive progress in the last decade. The study of descriptors, together with a sampling strategy using spatial quantization and the combination of classifiers have been presented in the state of art in recent years. This work proposes a new spatial quantizations with an arbitrary number of levels and divisions in each level. Adjacent regions have overlapping areas that generate redundant representation and avoid breakages in the structures that are in their border regions as it happens in the traditional spatial pyramids and impairs the correct interpretation of these structures. Despite spatial pyramids to improve the performance of the bag-of-words approach in object recognition, they are not robust to changes in object orientation in the image. It was also proposed, in this work, a spatial division using concentric circular regions that is almost 80% more robust to rotation of objects when compared to the spatial pyramids using rectangular divisions. In addition to the new spatial division of the image, it is proposed a new granulometric-based descriptor that it is applied to the map of edges of the original image. This descriptor was used in the building of categorys models for object categorization in a public database and showed a better performance than the most used edge-based descriptor reported in literature. All these new proposed techniques were used in a challenge problem of object categorization of very similar classes. It was used a subset of the public database Caltech-UCSD Birds-200 2011 and the method obtained results compared to the best results reported in the literature. The proposed approach uses a 2-level classification and builds class-specific models that are an intuitive way to model the species of birds as very subtle characteristics differ in each tested class of birds. Many descriptors are used in the building of models of species and a combination of classifiers generates the final label for a tested sample. The descriptor proposed here were presented in 11 of 13 best models of birds classes. The final result obtained by the proposed object categorization method is the best one using the bag-of-words approach.

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Senoussi, Medhi. "Flexibilité temporelle et spatiale des représentations neurales d'objets visuels lors d'apprentissages". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30162.

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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur l'effet d'apprentissages à court et long terme sur le système visuel. Nous avons d'abord montré grâce à des enregistrements Éléctroencéphalographiques que l'apprentissage d'une séquence de stimuli visuels induisait une activité cérébrale spontanée et sélective au prochain stimulus devant apparaitre et que cette activité sélective s'exprimait dans les bandes alpha et beta de l'activité électrique cérébrale. Par la suite nous avons montré grâce à de l'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle que lors d'apprentissages longs (trois semaines) les représentations neurales de catégories visuelles associées étaient modulées et devenaient plus similaires après l'apprentissage. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont donc permis de mieux caractériser l'impact d'apprentissages à différentes échelles de temps sur les représentations neurales d'objets visuels
The work presented in this thesis deals with the effect of short- and long-term learning on the visual system. We first demonstrated through electroencephalographic recordings that learning a sequence of visual stimuli induced spontaneous and selective cerebral activity to the next-to-appear stimulus and that this selective activity was expressed in the alpha and beta bands of cerebral electrical activity. Subsequently, we showed through functional magnetic resonance imaging that during long learning (three weeks) the neural representations of associated visual categories were modulated and became more similar due to learning. The work presented in this thesis has thus made it possible to better characterize the impact of learning at different time scales on the neural representations of visual objects

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Libros sobre el tema "Objets spatiaux"

Discrete representation of spatial objects in computer vision. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Latecki, Longin. Discrete representation of spatial objects in computer vision. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Latecki, Longin Jan. Discrete Representation of Spatial Objects in Computer Vision. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998.

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Latecki, Longin Jan. Discrete Representation of Spatial Objects in Computer Vision. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9002-0.

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Cheng, Tao. A process-oriented data model for fuzzy spatial objects. Enschede, The Netherlands: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), 1999.

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Stolz, Christel. Spatial dimensions and orientation of objects in Yucatec Maya. Bochum: N. Brockmeyer, 1996.

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M. W. M. G. Dissanayake. Vibratory methods for determining the spatial location of three-dimensional objects. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1985.

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Molenaar, Martien. An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS. London: Taylor & Francis, 1998.

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Cooper, Adam Charles Gladstone. The coding of visual objects in the brain: Perceptual organisation and spatial representations. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Lisa, Rosenblatt y Ettl Stephan, eds. Oswald Oberhuber: Skulpturen, Plastiken, Objekte, Verformungen, Assemblagen, Möbel, Mode, Raumkonzepte : Werke 1945-2012 = Sculptures, plastics, objects, re-shapings, assemblages, furniture, fashion, spatial concepts : works 1945-2012. Wien: Ambra V, 2013.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Objets spatiaux"

Shekhar, Shashi y Hui Xiong. "Spatial Objects". En Encyclopedia of GIS, 1102. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1288.

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Lakshmanan, Valliappa. "Identifying Objects". En Automating the Analysis of Spatial Grids, 173–221. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4075-4_6.

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Safar, Maytham H. y Cyrus Shahabi. "Spatial Queries". En Shape Analysis and Retrieval of Multimedia Objects, 43–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0349-1_6.

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Galton, Antony. "A Formal Theory of Objects and Fields". En Spatial Information Theory, 458–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45424-1_31.

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Bucher, Leandra y Jelica Nejasmic. "Relocating Multiple Objects during Spatial Belief Revision". En Spatial Cognition VIII, 478–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32732-2_31.

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Sholl, M. Jeanne. "The Functional Separability of Self-Reference and Object-to-Object Systems in Spatial Memory". En Spatial Cognition, 45–67. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aicr.26.06sho.

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Loncomilla, Patricio, Marcelo Saavedra y Javier Ruiz-del-Solar. "Semantic Object Search Using Semantic Categories and Spatial Relations between Objects". En RoboCup 2013: Robot World Cup XVII, 516–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44468-9_45.

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Huang, Xingang y Feng Zhao. "“Seeing“ Objects in Spatial Datasets". En Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis, 111–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48412-4_10.

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Malerba, Donato, Annalisa Appice, Antonio Varlaro y Antonietta Lanza. "Spatial Clustering of Structured Objects". En Inductive Logic Programming, 227–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11536314_14.

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David, Benoit, Laurent Raynal, Guylaine Schorter y Véronique Mansart. "GeO2: Why objects in a geographical DBMS?" En Advances in Spatial Databases, 264–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56869-7_15.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Objets spatiaux"

Zeng, Zhen, Adrian Röfer y Odest Chadwicke Jenkins. "Semantic Linking Maps for Active Visual Object Search (Extended Abstract)". En Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/667.

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We aim for mobile robots to function in a variety of common human environments, which requires them to efficiently search previously unseen target objects. We can exploit background knowledge about common spatial relations between landmark objects and target objects to narrow down search space. In this paper, we propose an active visual object search strategy method through our introduction of the Semantic Linking Maps (SLiM) model. SLiM simultaneously maintains the belief over a target object's location as well as landmark objects' locations, while accounting for probabilistic inter-object spatial relations. Based on SLiM, we describe a hybrid search strategy that selects the next best view pose for searching for the target object based on the maintained belief. We demonstrate the efficiency of our SLiM-based search strategy through comparative experiments in simulated environments. We further demonstrate the real-world applicability of SLiM-based search in scenarios with a Fetch mobile manipulation robot.

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Horváth, Imre y György Kuczogi. "Physical Modeling of Mechanical Objects of Constrained Movement". En ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/cie-4271.

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Abstract Presented is a computational method for physical modeling of mechanical objects of constrained movement. In a physical modeling environment, an object’s behavior is modeled as it is implied by its geometry and substance, and the appearing physical (mechanical, thermal, and other) phenomena. The developed software is able to describe various forms of movement of a rigid object, configure obstacles in the space, check for collisions of the moving object with the obstacles, and compute post-collision trajectories of the object. The motivation for the background research is an industrial problem, namely, spatial positioning of moving objects without using extra energy. The novelty of this work is in (a) the interactive definition of constituents of the modeling environment, (b) the integrated simulation of an arbitrary sequence of spatial movements and multiple collisions, and (c) the applicability to preliminary design of mechanical equipment. The process of physical modeling has been implemented in six phases: (a) geometric modeling and determination of the substantial attributes of the object, (b) computing of the pre-defined movements, (c) specification and positioning obstacles in the space, (d) checking for single and multiple collisions, (e) computing of post-collision movements, and (f) controlling of multiple and repeated events. Among others, the developed software is able to compute compound movements in the space and any sequence of eccentric collisions with four types of obstacles.

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Domi´nguez-Rami´rez, Omar A. y Vicente Parra-Vega. "Haptic Remote Guided Exploration of Deformable Objects". En ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43894.

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Perception and interaction with virtual objects through kinesthetic sensation and visual stimuli is the basic issue of a haptic interface. If a real object is located at a remote station and explored (in contact) with a passive device, a haptic interface in a local station can be used to perceive its spatial and surface attributes. This is one type of haptic guidance. This problem has been addressed with undeformable object, and contact force modelled with the penalty-based method. However, this approach yields limited haptic properties of the object, and if the object is deformable, it is difficult to achieve stable contact. However, there exists relevant tasks for exploration of deformable objects, such as exploration of fruits, skin of animals and dermatological procedures. Motivated by these kind of tasks, an approach for guided remote exploration of deformable objects is proposed in this paper. A real object is explored in a remote location and object attributes and properties such as spatial location, shape, texture and roughness are perceived with a constrained Lagrangian-based decentralized force-position controller in the local station. Stable interaction is theoretical proved and experimental results using PHANToM 1.0A validate the approach.

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Wang, Huiling, Tinghuai Wang, Ke Chen y Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen. "Cross-Granularity Graph Inference for Semantic Video Object Segmentation". En Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/634.

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We address semantic video object segmentation via a novel cross-granularity hierarchical graphical model to integrate tracklet and object proposal reasoning with superpixel labeling. Tracklet characterizes varying spatial-temporal relations of video object which, however, quite often suffers from sporadic local outliers. In order to acquire high-quality tracklets, we propose a transductive inference model which is capable of calibrating short-range noisy object tracklets with respect to long-range dependencies and high-level context cues. In the center of this work lies a new paradigm of semantic video object segmentation beyond modeling appearance and motion of objects locally, where the semantic label is inferred by jointly exploiting multi-scale contextual information and spatial-temporal relations of video object. We evaluate our method on two popular semantic video object segmentation benchmarks and demonstrate that it advances the state-of-the-art by achieving superior accuracy performance than other leading methods.

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De Almeida, João Paulo Dias y Frederico Araújo Durão. "Improving the Spatial Keyword Preference Query with Linked Open Data". En XXIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/webmedia.2018.4551.

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This paper presents a Spatial Keyword Preference Query (SKPQ) enhanced by Linked Open Data. This query selects objects based on the textual description of features in their neighborhood. The spatial relationship between objects and features is explored by the SKPQ using a Spatial Inverted Index. In our approach, the spatial relationship is explored using SPARQL. However, the main beneﬁt of using SPARQL is obtained by measuring the textual relevance between features’ description and user’s keywords. The object description in Linked Open Data is much richer than traditional spatial databases, which leads to a more precise similarity measure than the one employed in the traditional SKPQ. We present an enhanced SKPQ and two experimental evaluations of the proposed approach, comparing it with the traditional SKPQ. The ﬁrst conducted experiment indicate a relative NDCG improvement of the proposed approach over the traditional SKPQ of 20% when using random query keywords. The second experiment shows that using real query keywords, our approach obtained a signiﬁcant increase in the MAP score.

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Gunel, Banu, Erhan Ekmekcioglu y Ahmet M. Kondoz. "Spatial synchronization of audiovisual objects by 3D audio object coding". En 2010 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmsp.2010.5662065.

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Meng, Nina, Tinghua Ai, Xiaodong Zhou y Xincheng Guo. "Formal representation for gradual changes of spatial relations between regional objects". En International Symposium on Spatial Analysis, Spatial-temporal Data Modeling, and Data Mining, editado por Yaolin Liu y Xinming Tang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.838286.

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Lipovits, Ágnes, László Czúni, Katalin Tömördi y Zsolt Vörösházi. "Multiple Object Tracking by Bounding Boxes Without Using Texture Information and Optical Flow". En WSCG'2021 - 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2021. Západočeská univerzita, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.2021.3002.34.

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Object tracking is a key task in many applications using video analytics. While there is a huge number of algo-rithms to track objects, there is still a need for new methods to solve the correspondence problem under certaincircumstances. In our article, we assume a very typical but still open scenario: a still image object detector hasalready identified the objects to be tracked; thus, we have object labels, confidence values, and bounding boxes ineach video frame captured at a low sampling rate. That is, optical flow methods difficult to be applied (also dueto bad lighting conditions, cluttered or homogeneous areas and strong ego-motion), and moreover, many objectslook similar (having the same category labels). Our proposed approach is based on the Hungarian method andincorporates the above information into the cost function evaluating the possible pairings of objects. To considerthe uncertainty of the detector, the elements of the confusion matrix also contribute to the cost of pairs, as wellas the probability of spatial translations based on prior observations. As a use case, we apply the algorithm to adata-set, where images were captured from onboard cameras and traffic signs were detected by RetinaNet. Weanalyze the performance with different parameter settings.

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Daugėla, Ignas, Juratė Sužiedelytė Visockienė, Arminas Stanionis, Eglė Tumelienė, Urtė Antanavičiūtė y Vladislovas Ceslovas Aksamitauskas. "Comparing Quality of Aerial Photogrammetry and 3D Laser Scanning Methods for Creating 3D Models of Objects". En Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.182.

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Latest technologies are modern and productive, therefore they are increasingly becoming integral part of any engineering work. Information about real-world objects are collected very quickly and accurately using either spatial data of a terrestrial 3D laser scanners or photographic material obtained from unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV). After processing data with special software three-dimensional spatial data of objects are obtained, which use is extensive. These data are needed for building facades measurements and inventory, construction, environmental studies, mining, archeology, civil engineering works and for building infrastructure modeling (BIM) systems that are currently being integrated in Lithuania. The result should ensure a high level of accuracy and quality. The article examines 3D modeling using different methods of the selected object. Systems characteristics, quality analysis of 3D models, recommendations and conclusions has been made.

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Babanejad Dehaki, Ghoncheh, Hamidah Ibrahim, Nur Izura Udzir, Fatimah Sidi y Ali Amer Alwan. "A Fragmentation Region-based Skyline Computation Framework for a Group of Users". En International Conference on AI, Machine Learning and Applications (AIMLA 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111303.

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Skyline processing, an established preference evaluation technique, aims at discovering the best, most preferred objects, i.e. those that are not dominated by other objects, in satisfying the user’s preferences. In today’s society, due to the advancement of technology, ad-hoc meetings or impromptu gathering are becoming more and more common. Deciding on a suitable meeting point (object)for a group of people (users) to meet is not a straightforward task especially when these users are located at different places with distinct preferences. A place which is close by to the users might not provide the facilities/services that meet all the users’ preferences; while a place having the facilities/services that meet most of the users’ preferences might be too distant from these users. Although the skyline operator can be utilised to filter the dominated objects among the objects that fall in the region of interest of these users, computing the skylines for various groups of users in similar region would mean rescanning the objects of the region and repeating the process of pair wise comparisons among the objects which are undoubtedly unwise. On this account, this study presents a region-based skyline computation framework which attempts to resolve the above issues by fragmenting the search region of a group of users and utilising the past computed skyline results of the fragments. The skylines, which are the objects recommended to be visited by a group of users, are derived by analysing both the locations of the users, i.e. spatial attributes, as well as the spatial and non-spatial attributes of the objects. Several experiments have been conducted and the results show that our proposed framework outperforms the previous works with respect to CPU time.

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Informes sobre el tema "Objets spatiaux"

Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein y Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.

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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.

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Clausen, Jay, Susan Frankenstein, Jason Dorvee, Austin Workman, Blaine Morriss, Keran Claffey, Terrance Sobecki et al. Spatial and temporal variance of soil and meteorological properties affecting sensor performance—Phase 2. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septiembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41780.

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An approach to increasing sensor performance and detection reliability for buried objects is to better understand which physical processes are dominant under certain environmental conditions. The present effort (Phase 2) builds on our previously published prior effort (Phase 1), which examined methods of determining the probability of detection and false alarm rates using thermal infrared for buried-object detection. The study utilized a 3.05 × 3.05 m test plot in Hanover, New Hampshire. Unlike Phase 1, the current effort involved removing the soil from the test plot area, homogenizing the material, then reapplying it into eight discrete layers along with buried sensors and objects representing targets of inter-est. Each layer was compacted to a uniform density consistent with the background undisturbed density. Homogenization greatly reduced the microscale soil temperature variability, simplifying data analysis. The Phase 2 study spanned May–November 2018. Simultaneous measurements of soil temperature and moisture (as well as air temperature and humidity, cloud cover, and incoming solar radiation) were obtained daily and recorded at 15-minute intervals and coupled with thermal infrared and electro-optical image collection at 5-minute intervals.

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Clausen, Jay, Jason Dorvee, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, Blaine Morriss, Keran Claffey, Terrance Sobecki et al. Spatial and temporal variance in the thermal response of buried objects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), agosto de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/37799.

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Cobb, Maria. Object-Oriented Distributed Database Design and Spatial Data Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada407824.

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Kjerne, Daniel. Modeling cadastral spatial relationships using an object-oriented information structure. Portland State University Library, enero de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5605.

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Faleychik, L. M. y K. V. Parfenova. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF AVAILABILITY OF HEALTH OBJECTS FOR THE POPULATION OF THE TRANSBAIKAL REGION. Geopolitics and ecogeodynamics of regions, t5, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2309-7663-2019-3-231-239.

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Workman, Austin y Jay Clausen. Meteorological property and temporal variable effect on spatial semivariance of infrared thermography of soil surfaces for detection of foreign objects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41024.

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The environmental phenomenological properties responsible for the thermal variability evident in the use of thermal infrared (IR) sensor systems is not well understood. The research objective of this work is to understand the environmental and climatological properties contributing to the temporal and spatial thermal variance of soils. We recorded thermal images of surface temperature of soil as well as several meteorological properties such as weather condition and solar irradiance of loamy soil located at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab (CRREL) facility. We assessed sensor performance by analyzing how recorded meteorological properties affected the spatial structure by observing statistical differences in spatial autocorrelation and dependence parameter estimates.

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Oliver, David V., Roy V. Ladner, Frank P. McCreedy y Ruth A. Wilson. Efficient Storage of Large Volume Spatial and Temporal Point-Data in an Object-Oriented Database. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406876.

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Yaremchuk, Olesya. TRAVEL ANTHROPOLOGY IN JOURNALISM: HISTORY AND PRACTICAL METHODS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11069.

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Our study’s main object is travel anthropology, the branch of science that studies the history and nature of man, socio-cultural space, social relations, and structures by gathering information during short and long journeys. The publication aims to research the theoretical foundations and genesis of travel anthropology, outline its fundamental principles, and highlight interaction with related sciences. The article’s defining objectives are the analysis of the synthesis of fundamental research approaches in travel anthropology and their implementation in journalism. When we analyze what methods are used by modern authors, also called «cultural observers», we can return to the localization strategy, namely the centering of the culture around a particular place, village, or another spatial object. It is about the participants-observers and how the workplace is limited in space and time and the broader concept of fieldwork. Some disciplinary practices are confused with today’s complex, interactive cultural conjunctures, leading us to think of a laboratory of controlled observations. Indeed, disciplinary approaches have changed since Malinowski’s time. Based on the experience of fieldwork of Svitlana Aleksievich, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska-Moskalewicz, or Malgorzata Reimer, we can conclude that in modern journalism, where the tools of travel anthropology are used, the practical methods of complexity, reflexivity, principles of openness, and semiotics are decisive. Their authors implement both for stable localization and for a prevailing transition.

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Mayas, Magda. Creating with timbre. Norges Musikkhøgskole, agosto de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.686088.

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Unfolding processes of timbre and memory in improvisational piano performance This exposition is an introduction to my research and practice as a pianist, in which I unfold processes of timbre and memory in improvised music from a performer’s perspective. Timbre is often understood as a purely sonic perceptual phenomenon. However, this is not in accordance with a site-specific improvisational practice with changing spatial circumstances impacting the listening experience, nor does it take into account the agency of the instrument and objects used or the performer’s movements and gestures. In my practice, I have found a concept as part of the creating process in improvised music which has compelling potential: Timbre orchestration. My research takes the many and complex aspects of a performance environment into account and offers an extended understanding of timbre, which embraces spatial, material and bodily aspects of sound in improvised music performance. The investigative projects described in this exposition offer a methodology to explore timbral improvisational processes integrated into my practice, which is further extended through collaborations with sound engineers, an instrument builder and a choreographer: -experiments in amplification and recording, resulting in Memory piece, a series of works for amplified piano and multichannel playback - Piano mapping, a performance approach, with a custom-built device for live spatialization as means to expand and deepen spatio-timbral relationships; - Accretion, a project with choreographer Toby Kassell for three grand pianos and a pianist, where gestural approaches are used to activate and compose timbre in space. Together, the projects explore memory as a structural, reflective and performative tool and the creation of performing and listening modes as integrated parts of timbre orchestration. Orchestration and choreography of timbre turn into an open and hybrid compositional approach, which can be applied to various contexts, engaging with dynamic relationships and re-configuring them.

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