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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Pastoral Zone"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 9 de mayo de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Pastoral Zone"

Zounon, Christian Serge Félix, Massaoudou Moussa, Tougiani Abasse, Issa Hamadou, Habou Rabiou, Boubakar Katkore, Didier Tidjani y Jean-Marie Karimou Ambouta. "Perception paysanne de l’écologie des espèces ligneuses fourragères et médicinales (ELFM) de la régénération naturelle assistée (RNA) suivant un gradient agro-écologique du centre-sud du Niger". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, n.º 3 (27 de agosto de 2022): 1057–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i3.13.

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L’utilisation des organes des arbres dans l’alimentation et la santé animale prend de l’ampleur dans les terroirs villageois du centre-sud du Niger. Ces services écosystémiques sont souvent assurés par les espèces ligneuses de la régénération naturelle assistée (RNA). L’objectif de cette étude était d’appréhender les connaissances locales sur la distribution et l’utilisation des espèces ligneuses fourragères et médicinales (ELFM) dans les zones agro-écologiques. La méthode des enquêtes ethnobotaniques a été utilisée à l’aide d’un échantillon de 78 répondants, repartis en 25 en zone pastorale, 26 en zone agropastorale et 27 en zone agricole. Les résultats ont permis d’identifier une liste floristique des espèces ligneuses fourragères (ELF) repartie en 17 espèces en zone pastorale, 22 en zone agro-pastorale et 33 en zone agricole. Aussi, 8 espèces ligneuses médicinales (ELM) sont utilisées pour soigner 5 pathologies animales en zone agricole, 5 pour traiter 3 pathologies en zone pastorale et 3 pour soigner 3 pathologies en zone agro-pastorale. Ces résultats peuvent être utilisés dans la promotion de la RNA, en entretenant les ELFM importantes pour le bien-être des populations locales. The use of tree organs for food and animal health is increasing in village lands in south-central Niger. These ecosystem services are often provided by woody species of farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR). The objective of this study was to understand local knowledge on the distribution and use of woody fodder and medicinal species (WFMS) in agro-ecological zones. The ethnobotanical survey method was used with a sample of 78 respondents, divided into 25 in pastoral zones, 26 in agropastoral zones and 27 in agricultural zones. The results identified a floristic list of woody fodder species (WFS) divided into 17 species in the pastoral zone, 22 in the agro-pastoral zone and 33 in the agricultural zone. Also, 8 medicinal woody species (MWS) are used to treat 5 animal diseases in the agricultural zone, 5 to treat 3 diseases in the pastoral zone and 3 to treat 3 diseases in the agro-pastoral zone. These results can be used in the promotion of FMNR, by maintaining the WFMS important for the welfare of local populations.

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Ouedraogo, Souleymane, Abdoulaye Yao, Paul Hahadoubouga Yarga, Lassina Sanou, Sebastien Kiema, Baba Ouattara y Hien Mipro. "Composition, diversité, structure et stock de carbone de la strate ligneuse des zones pastorales au Burkina Faso". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 18, n.º 6 (27 de febrero de 2025): 2326–43. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v18i6.20.

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Les zones pastorales apportent l’essentiel de l’alimentation pour le bétail. Comprendre la dynamique de la végétation des zones pastorales est important pour guider dans la proposition des stratégies pour leur management. Dans cette étude nous avons décrit la composition, la diversité, la structure et la capacité de stockage de carbone de deux zones pastorales du Burkina Faso. Pour ce faire, un inventaire forestier a été réalisé suivant un échantillonnage systématique à l’intérieur de 321 placettes de superficies unitaires de 900 m2. Les résultats ont indiqué que la flore ligneuse des sites étudiés était constituée de 103 espèces reparties en 77 genres et 32 familles. Les zones pastorales de l’Ouest étaient plus diversifiées que celles du centre-sud. La structure des ligneux de ces sites présentaient une distribution en forme de J-renversé caractérisant la dominance des individus de petit diamètre sur ceux de gros diamètre. Hormis Balanites aegyptiaca dans la zone pastorale de l’Ouest, la densité des espèces ligneuses fourragères était très faible (<10 pieds/ha). Il était ressorti que les arbres du site d’étude de Sidéradougou ont produit la plus grande quantité de biomasse (118,39 tMS/ha) avec un stockage de carbone de 59,19 tC/ha. De ces résultats, il est nécessaire d’améliorer le disponible fourrager et la capacité de séquestration de carbone de l’atmosphère des zones pastorales du Burkina Faso. English title: Composition, diversity, structure and carbon stock of the woody stratum of pastoral areas in Burkina Pastoral areas provide most of the feed for livestock. Understanding the dynamics of pastoral vegetation is important to guide for formulating efficient strategies for their management. In this study, we described the composition, diversity, structure and carbon storage capacity of two pastoral areas of Burkina Faso. To do this, a forest inventory was carried out following a systematic sampling within 321 plots with unit areas of 900 m2 . The results indicated that the woody flora of the studied sites consisted of 103 species divided into 77 genera and 32 families. The pastoral areas of the west area were more diversified than those of the center-south area. The structure of the woody plants of these sites presented an inverted J-shaped distribution pattern suggesting the dominance of individuals of small diameter over those of large diameter. Except for Balanites aegyptiaca in the western pastoral zone, the density of woody fodder species was very low (<10 trees/ha). It appeared that trees in the Sideradougou study site produced the greatest amount of biomass (118.39 tDM/ha) with a carbon storage of 59.19 tC/ha. From these results, it is necessary to improve the fodder availability and the carbon sequestration capacity of the atmosphere in pastoral areas of Burkina Faso.

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Eshbel, Atlaw, Asmera Adicha, Anteneh Tadesse, Awoke Tadesse y Yibrah Gebremeskel. "Demonstration of Improved Banana (William-1 Variety) Production and Commercialization in Nyanghtom District of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia". Research on World Agricultural Economy 4, n.º 3 (13 de julio de 2023): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v4i3.865.

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A demonstration of improved banana production and commercialization was conducted in the Nyanghtom district of the South Omo Zone to enhance the livelihoods of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the area. One improved banana variety (Wiliyams-1) was used for the demonstration and planted on one hectare of land after training was given for purposively selected 25 trial pastoral agro-pastoral research and extension groups and 7 nontrial agro-pastorals from land preparation to harvesting. Relevant data through individual interviews and measurement of agronomic parameters were collected. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Likert scale measurement of agro-pastoral preference. Based on the results, the mean banana fruit produced was 28.4 ton ha–1 under agro-pastoral management and also agro-pastoral preference indicated that the variety Wiliyam-1 was the first choice of agro pastorals in all parameters except drought resistance. Cost-benefit analysis results indicated that the average net income obtained from banana production was 209,647 Ethiopian Birr ha–1. The cost-benefit ratio of 2.95:1 indicated that the benefit of production was nearly three times higher than the cost of production. However, agro-pastoral raised the frequent breakdown of water pumps, lack of operation and maintenance skills, and the high cost of fuel to operate generators and tractors were major bottlenecks to sustaining production. Therefore, strong efforts of respective stakeholders are needed to resolve irrigation water access problems for sustainable banana production and commercialization to ensure food security and improve the livelihoods of women and agro-pastorals.

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Nébié, Elisabeth Kago Ilboudo, Colin Thor West y Todd Andrew Crane. "'Where's the map?': integrating ethnography with maps to understand the complementarity between pastoral mobility and border formation". Journal of Political Ecology 27, n.º 1 (30 de agosto de 2020): 795–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23152.

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The resettlement of herders in pastoral zones is often criticized for hindering pastoral mobility, which is essential to survival. We integrate narratives of conflict and environmental change with maps to demonstrate the complementarity between pastoral mobility – porous borders – and border demarcation – rigid borders. We use evidence from the Sondré-Est Pastoral Zone in southern Burkina Faso, where herders were voluntarily resettled near agricultural villages following the droughts of the 1970s. Over time, however, farmers encroached on the borders of the pastoral zone and surrounding grazing areas declined. This increased land-use disputes. Tensions were exacerbated by the fact that these communities kept maps as community secrets. We re-created the administrative boundaries of the pastoral zone to map land-use/land-cover changes and conflict hot spots. The maps show that conflicts happened along porous borders where agricultural fields encroached. Herders called for a clear demarcation of the border of the pastoral zone to preserve exclusive access to resources within it. Simultaneously, they also wanted to maintain shared access to other resources outside the pastoral zone. The herders' desire for both border clarity and some form of flexibility underlines the complementary between both processes, especially in times of resource scarcity and land-use conflict. The mystery around the maps helps sustain ambiguity that is key for pursuing both goals. Keywords: GIS, land-use and land-cover change, farmer-herder border conflicts, pastoral mobility, Sahel, Burkina Faso

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Idrissou, Y., Youssoufa Mama Sambo Seidou, A. Assani Seidou, H. S. Sanni Worogo, Brice Gérard Comlan Assogba, I. Alkoiret Traoré y Marcel Houinato. "Influence du pâturage et du gradient climatique sur la diversité floristique et la productivité des parcours naturels au Bénin". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 73, n.º 3 (17 de septiembre de 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31894.

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Située dans la zone soudanienne du Bénin, la forêt classée de l’Alibori supérieur est à cheval entre le climat tropical humide et le climat tropical sec. Elle est l’une des destinations privilégiées des transhumants nationaux et étrangers. Ces derniers sont attirés par ses ressources pastorales. Les fortes concentrations de bétail présentes ont des conséquences sur la biodiversité qu’il importe de connaître afin de prendre les décisions appropriées. Cette étude a eu pour objectif d’évaluer l’influence de l’intensité du pâturage et du gradient climatique sur la richesse et la diversité floristique, la phytomasse ainsi que sur la valeur pastorale de ces parcours. Les résultats ont montré que les effectifs des familles, genres et espèces diminuaient à mesure que l’intensité du pâturage augmentait. Ce même constat a été fait au niveau de la diversité maximale, de la phytomasse et de la capacité de charge. La zone soudanienne humide a montré une richesse et une diversité floristique, ainsi qu’une productivité et une capacité de charge meilleures que la zone soudanienne sèche. La valeur du recouvrement de la zone sèche a été plus élevée que celle de la zone humide, alors que sa valeur pastorale a été plus faible. Ces résultats pourraient contribuer à la gestion durable des parcours naturels des aires protégées et du système pastoral au Bénin.

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Kebede, Basha, Dembi Korji y Girma Amare. "Participatory evaluation and selection of improved haricot bean varieties at liben district, lowland agro ecology of Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia". Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 7, n.º 8 (27 de marzo de 2018): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005/2017.7.8/1005.8.160.166.

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The activity was conducted in Liben district to evaluate the yield performance of improved haricot bean varieties. 25 pastorals and agro pastorals were selected from Measa kebele with collaboration of Liben Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Office, Zonal Mobile Supporting Team and kebele leaders. The 25 pastoral and agro pastorals were grouped into one PAPRG. Then 25 PAPRG members were regrouped into three experimental pastorals and agro pastoralists. Training were given for PAPRG members. Exchange visit was arranged to share experience on the work each PAPRG. Haramaya, Awasa Dume, Ebado varieties were evaluated with standard check variety. Descriptive statistics and direct matrix ranking was used to analysis the data. Local variety give the highest yield (31kg/ha). PAPRG criteria for haricot bean production was market demand, color, disease/insect reaction, drought resistance. Accordingly, Ebado variety was preferred by PAPRGs based on marketability while Local check and Awasa Dube were selected as first and second respectively based on drought resistance, number of pod/plant, higher yield and resistance to insects. Haramaya variety was susceptible to insects. Pastoralists and agro pastoralists should use Ebado variety to increase their income and local variety for household consumption.

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Azalou, Maximilien, Alassan Assani Seidou, Brice Gérard Comlan Assogba, Josias Steve Adjassin, Hilaire Sorébou Sanni Worogo, Mohamed Nasser Baco y Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré. "Calendrier pastoral et carte de transhumance des éleveurs exploitant les ressources pastorales de la commune de Djidja au Sud Bénin". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 72, n.º 1 (16 de mayo de 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31727.

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Djidja est l’une des plus grandes communes productrices agricoles du département du Zou au sud du Bénin. De par ses ressources fourragères et hydriques, elle est devenue une destination des éleveurs transhumants. Les mouvements des éleveurs transhumants continuent de s’étendre, de même que les séjours dans cette zone d’accueil s’allongent. L’étude a eu pour objectif global d’élaborer le calendrier pastoral et la carte de transhumance des éleveurs fréquentant cette commune. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été conduits auprès de 300 acteurs de la transhumance. L’enquête a montré que la transhumance dans cette commune était surtout due à la recherche de ressources fourragères et hydriques (78,7 %). Sept périodes (Seeto, Nduungu Mawdo, Nduungu Pamarel, Jahol, Djaamdè, Dabuundè et Cheedu) ont été identifiées dans le calendrier des transhumants fréquentant cette zone avec une particularité de deux périodes de Nduungu (saison des pluies). Cette particularité est liée aux données climatiques de la zone qui comprend quatre saisons, dont deux pluvieuses et deux sèches. Le calendrier pastoral, l’itinéraire suivi et les temps de séjour dépendaient de la disponibilité des ressources pastorales des zones d’attache, de transit et d’accueil. Ainsi, la bonne connaissance des pistes empruntées, des points d’entrées et de sorties, et des périodes d’accueil des éleveurs transhumants serviront d’outils aux décideurs en matière de gestion durable de la transhumance et des ressources pastorales au sud du Bénin.

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Issoufa, Idrissa, Morou boubé, Abdoulaye Diouf, Saley Karim y Ali Mahamane. "Caractérisation des pâturages herbacés sahéliens à accès limité : Cas du Centre Secondaire de Multiplication de Bétail de Sayam (Diffa)." Journal of Applied Biosciences 156 (26 de diciembre de 2020): 16095–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.156.4.

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Objectifs : Cette étude vise à caractériser l’état actuel des pâturages herbacés du Centre Secondaire de Multiplication de Bétail de Sayam. Méthodologie et Résultats : Quatre groupements pastoraux ont été identifiés et décrits à partir de 56 relevés linéaires réalisés sur un transect Sud - Nord. Au total 98 espèces herbacées réparties parmi 59 genres et 27 familles botaniques ont été répertoriées. Les genres suivants : Eragrostis, Ipomoea, Aristida, Cenchrus, Indigofera, Digitaria et Brachiaria ont été les mieux représentés. Ils représentent environ 50% du total et renferment l’essentiel des espèces de bonne valeur pastorale. Le recouvrement global, les valeurs pastorales brutes et nettes sont respectivement de 85,5%, 75,05% et 67,56%, celles-ci attestent que le pâturage du centre est de bonne qualité. La productivité globale en phytomasse herbacée a été estimée 2,26 tMS/ha avec une capacité de charge globale de 0,40 UBT/ha/an soit 2,5 ha/UBT/an. L’analyse du spectre fourrager indique que les espèces de bonne valeur pastorale et de faible valeur pastorale dominent le tapis herbacé. La première catégorie domine la zone centrale mieux protégée tandis que la dernière occupe les parties périphériques soumises à une forte exploitation du bétail. Conclusion et application des résultats : Le front de colonisation des espèces faiblement appétées (espèces qui ont IS = 0 ou IS = 1) progresse vers le centre sous l’effet de la forte pression pastorale. D’où l’urgence de clôturer l’ensemble du périmètre du centre afin d’éviter de créer un déséquilibre écologique préjudiciable à la survie de nombreuses espèces inféodées à ces milieux particuliers. Dans les perspectives d’une gestion durable des ressources fourragères des centres secondaire de multiplication de bétail, ce travail fournit des informations scientifiques fiables sur l’état actuel des pâturages herbacés de ce centre. Mots-clés : Kouri, composition floristique, groupements pastoraux, qualité pastorale, Sayam. Idrissa et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Caractérisation des pâturages herbacés sahéliens à accès limité : Cas du Centre Secondaire de Multiplication de Bétail de Sayam (Diffa). 16096 Characterization of Sahelian herbaceous pastures with limited access: Case of the Secondary Cattle Multiplication Center of Sayam (Diffa). ABSTRACT Objectives : This study aims to characterize the current state of the herbaceous pastures of the Sayam Secondary Cattle Multiplication Center. Methodology and Results : Four pastoral groups have been identified and described from 56 linear surveys carried out on a South - North transect. A total of 98 herbaceous species distributed among 59 genera and 27 botanical families have been listed. The best represented genera are: Eragrostis, Ipomoea, Aristida, Cenchrus, Indigofera, Digitaria and Brachiaria. They represent about 50% of the total and contain most of the species of good pastoral value. The overall recovery, the gross and net pastoral values are respectively 85.5%, 75.05% and 67.56%, these attest that the pasture of the center is of good quality. The overall productivity of herbaceous phytomass was estimated at 2.26 tMS / ha with an overall carrying capacity of 0.40 TLU / ha / year, ie 2.5 ha / TLU / year. Analysis of the forage spectrum indicates that species of good pastoral value and those of low pastoral value dominate the grass cover. The first category dominates the better protected central zone while the last occupies the peripheral parts subject to heavy livestock exploitation. Conclusion and applicability of results : The colonization front of poorly palatable species is progressing towards the center under the effect of strong pastoral pressure. Hence the urgency to enclose the entire perimeter of the center in order to avoid creating an ecological imbalance detrimental to the survival of many species dependent on these particular miles. With a view to the rehabilitation and sustainable management of these pastoral centers, this study provides additional information on the current state of the herbaceous pastures in this center. Keywords : Kouri, floristic composition, pastoral groups, pastoral quality, Sayam, Niger

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Zhang, Yajing, Ruifang Hao y Yu Qin. "Temporal and Spatial Variation of Agricultural and Pastoral Production in the Eastern Section of the Agro-Pastoral Transitional Zone in Northern China". Agriculture 14, n.º 6 (25 de mayo de 2024): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060829.

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The agro-pastoral transitional zone in northern China is an important agricultural and pastoral production base. This study focuses on the eastern section of the agro-pastoral transitional zone in northern China. Combined with spatio-temporal analysis, stepwise regression, and gray relation analysis, we analyzed the average annual growth rate, spatio-temporal changes, and influencing factors of agricultural and pastoral production in the study area during 2000–2020. The results show that, in the past 20 years, the agricultural and pastoral production of the 50 municipal districts and counties has significantly changed, among which the agricultural production of 38 municipal districts and counties has shown an extremely significant increase. Generally, the growth rate of agricultural production is higher than that of pastoral production. Agricultural and pastoral production in the study area is influenced by socio-economic and land use/cover factors, with an average correlation degree of 0.79 and 0.88, respectively. Climate change affects agricultural production in agricultural counties, with a correlation degree of 0.85. The results of this research provide valuable insights into understanding the long-term temporal and spatial changes in agricultural and pastoral production and help to develop sound agriculture and pastoral management practices in the eastern section of the agro-pastoral transitional zone in Northern China.

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Ferguson, Claire. "Out of Our Comfort Zone." New Zealand Journal of Counselling 32, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2012): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/nzjc.v32i1.159.

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Effective pastoral services in schools depend on leadership from the board of trustees and the principal, as well as teamwork and trust among all involved in the pastoral network. The counsellor has a critical role in developing and maintain ing the network as s/he is the nexus linking many "players" in the school, community and key social agencies. The development of the pastoral services in our South Auckland high school has been guided by the Vision, Values and Principles of the New Zealand Curriculum. This article describes the philosophy behind, and the implementation of, our pastoral services, which embrace all aspects of students' well-being and development, the counsellor's role in the process, the importance of an holistic approach that incorporates spirituality in the lives of students, and aspects of safe practice in a challenging environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Counselling is the property of New Zealand Association of Counsellors and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Tesis sobre el tema "Pastoral Zone"

Lwande, Olivia Wesula. "Occurrence and diversity of tick-borne viruses in the pastoral eco-zone of Ijara District, North Eastern Province of Kenya". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79706.

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Most arbovirus isolations in East Africa have been recorded from mosquitoes but less information is available about tick-borne viruses including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is prevalent in Africa with a mortality rate of up to 40%. The study envisioned gaining an in-depth understanding of the circulation, transmission and diversity of tick-borne viruses in Ijara District of North Eastern Kenya, a pastoral ecozone with a defined population size of 19,259 that are served by 8 health facilities where arbovirus activity among mosquitoes, animals and humans is frequently reported. The study aimed at determining the prevalence of CCHF antibodies in humans that attend selected health facilities in Ijara District, identify tick-borne viruses among tick vectors and genetic diversity of the tick-borne viruses circulating among ticks and/or their host animals. A total of 517 human serum samples were screened for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to CCHF using CCHF-IgG and IgM ELISA test kits (VectoCrimean-CHF-IgG and IgM ELISA; Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the exposure to CCHFV in patients enrolled in this study. In this first part of the study, a single patient tested positive for anti-CCHF IgM, while 96 were positive for anti-CCHF IgG, suggesting an overall seroprevalence of CCHFV in Ijara District of 19%. The results indicate the possibility of acute CCHFV infections occurring without being detected in this population. A total of 10,488 ticks were also sampled from livestock and wild animal hosts and processed in 1,520 pools of upto 8 ticks per pool. The sampled ticks were classified to species, processed for virus screening by cell culture using Vero cells, RT-PCR, and sequencing. Bunyamwera (BUN), Dugbe (DUG), Ndumu (NDU), Semliki forest (SF), Thogoto (THO), and West Nile (WN) virus strains were isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences showed that the Kenyan isolates clustered closely to their respective reference strains. Semliki forest virus (SFV) isolate (ATH00510) sequence obtained by 454 sequencing, clustered closely to the Kenyan strains (HQ848388 and JF972635) isolated from mosquitoes sampled in North Eastern Province of Kenya. Ndumu virus (NDUV) (ATH002166) was similar to the Ugandan strain (JN989958). All BUNV strains isolated in the study clustered distinctively on a tree branching comprising viruses of Bunyamwera serogroup. The two Dugbe viruses detected in this study were highly similar to each other and formed a cluster with the United Kingdom (NC004159 and U15018) strains. Thogoto virus was divergent from strains obtained from Germany, Senegal, Turkey, USA and Vietnam. WNV strains isolated in Kenya clustered relatively close to viruses isolated in Russia, Europe and the United States belonging to lineage 1 of WNV. The identification of WNV Lineage 1 in Ijara District brings in to light the ability of this virus to spread across wide geographical regions taking into consideration that this virus lineage is also found in Europe, America, India and the Middle East. These study findings provide additional evidence on the potential role of ticks and animals (both livestock and wildlife) in the circulation of tick-borne viruses as well as viruses previously known to be mosquito-borne. It also provides a basis in understanding the genetic diversity of arboviruses circulating in Ijara District.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Medical Virology
PhD
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Afane, Abdoulkader. "La zone pastorale de l'Eghazer (Nord - Ingall - Niger) : condtions pour la mise en place d'une cogestion des ressources végétales dans le cadre d'un développement et d'une conservation durables". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH002.

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Face aux changements globaux et sociaux qui perturbent les conditions de vie des éleveurs de la zone pastorale du nord Niger, quelle contribution peut-on apporté pour une gestion durable des ressources végétales ? C'est à cette question que cette thèse tente de répondre dans le contexte de la plaine de l'Eghazer, véritable poumon régulateur de l'élevage pastoral du Niger, située au nord de cette zone pastorale du pays. Chaque année, à partir de juillet de nombreux transhumants venant du sud affluent dans la zone pastorale de l'Eghazer rejoignant ainsi les éleveurs locaux. Cette migration estivale appelée « Cure salée » vise à l'exploitation des pâturages saisonniers riches en sels minéraux très appréciés par les pasteurs. Ces ressources pastorales riches et variées, même si elles sont très variables en fonction des années, font de l'Eghazer, l'une des dernières zones de grande concentration saisonnière des éleveurs. Localement, la pression sur les terres et les ressources se fait de plus en plus forte et la durabilité du système parait compromise. La recherche a été conduite en faisant appel à des méthodes de cartographie, d'étude de la végétation, d'enquêtes quantitatives et qualitatives le plus souvent participatives. Ce travail a montré que les pasteurs ont développé un ensemble de connaissances sur les ressources végétales leur permettant de résister aux conditions difficiles de la pratique du pastoralisme en milieu aride. Ces savoirs locaux se traduisent également dans une description détaillée du milieu s'appuyant sur des critères topographiques, géomorphologiques et fonctionnels, et que l'appréciation en termes de qualité de pâturage dépend de facteurs d'importance variable selon les saisons. Il ressort par ailleurs que ces savoirs traditionnels peuvent être combinés avec les connaissances scientifiques dans l'élaboration de carte de paysages, élément principal de cogestion. Enfin, l'étude des pâturages à travers les deux appréciations (scientifique et vernaculaire) a permis de connaître l'état de la ressource pastorale, notamment de la végétation. Elle a également mis en évidence les zones prioritaires d'interventions dans la zone pastorale de l'Eghazer. Le croisement de ces savoirs vernaculaires des pasteurs avec les connaissances scientifiques peut être un atout favorable à la mise en place d'un dispositif de cogestion des pâturages de l'Eghazer
Facing the total and social changes which unsettle the living conditions of the stockbreeders of the pastoral zone of the north Niger, what contribution can they brought for a lasting management of plant resources? It is in this question that this thesis tries to answer in the context of the plain of Eghazer, true regulating lung for the pastoral animal husbandry of Niger, located north of this pastoral zone of the country. Every year, from July of many transhumants from the south rush in the pastoral zone of Eghazer joining so the local stockbreeders. This summer called migration " salt Remedy " aims at the working of the seasonal pasture rich in mineral salts very appreciated by the pastors. These rich and various pastoral resources, even if they are very variable according to the years, make of Eghazer, one of the last zones of big seasonal concentration of the stockbreeders. Locally, the pressure on lands and resources becomes more and more strong and the durability of the system parried compromised. Search was conducted by calling methods of cartography, of study of vegetation, quantitative and qualitative inquiries most often participative. This job showed that the pastors developed group of knowledge on the plant resources allowing them to resist the difficult conditions of the practice of the pastoralisme in arid middle. These local knowledges are also translated in a detailed description of the middle leaning on topographical criteria, géomorphologiques and functional, and that the evaluation in quality terms of pasture depends on factors of variable importance according to seasons. It emerges moreover that these traditional knowledges can be combined with scientific knowledge in the development of card of landscapes, main element of joint management. Finally, the study of pasture across both (scientific and vernacular) evaluations allowed to know the state of pastoral resource, notably of vegetation. She also highlighted the priority zones of interventions in the pastoral zone of Eghazer. The crossing of these vernacular knowledges of the pastors with scientific knowledge can be a trump favourable to the installation of a device of joint management of the pasture of Eghazer

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Donnat, Marianne. "Espaces pastoral, médical et sanitaire : le recours aux soins en zone sahélienne : le cas des communautés arabes Juhayna et dazagara du Bahr-el-Ghazal, au Tchad". Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30028.

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Le système de soins proposé aujourd'hui aux populations pastorales nomades du Sahel est-il adapté ? L'usage actuel des soins par les pasteurs révèle des choix et des stratégies spécifiques, dont les enjeux sont ici analysés en utilisant les méthodes de la géographie de la santé. L'étude montre ainsi les atouts mais aussi les disparités et les inadaptations entre les espaces pastoral, médical et sanitaire, dans le cas des communautés arabes et dazagara du Tchad occidental. Elle propose des solutions pratiques pour une politique de santé publique plus favorable aux sociétés pastorales
Is the health care system which is available today in the Sahel adapted to the needs of nomadic people? The current use of health facilities by pastoral people reveals specific choices and strategies that are analyzed here with the tools of Health Geography. The study shows the assets but also the disconnections between the pastoral space, the health supply space and the health demand space, with the case-studies among arabic and dazagara communities in western Chad. It suggests practical solutions to encourage a health policy that takes more nomadic people needs into account

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Ima, Ouoba Sidonie Aristide. "Dynamique du mode de vie des éleveurs et bouviers peuls de la zone pastorale de la Nouhao au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG008/document.

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Face aux conditions d’élevage devenues défavorables, l’État perçoit dans la création des zones pastorales une opportunité d’insuffler une dynamique nouvelle à l’élevage par l’amélioration des techniques de production. C’est dans ce cadre que fut créée la zone pastorale de la Nouhao et y ont été installés, officiellement, des éleveurs peuls. Cette installation fut précédée de plusieurs réalisations dans le but d’assurer de manière durable, une disponibilité satisfaisante et en toute période de l’année, des ressources alimentaires, hydriques, ainsi qu’un encadrement sanitaire pour les animaux de ladite zone. Malgré les différentes réalisations qui ont apporté du mieux-être pour les éleveurs, ils ont conservé leur système traditionnel d’exploitation des ressources pastorales. L’étude vise à identifier les motivations des acteurs dans la persistance de la pratique de la mobilité en dehors de la zone pastorale. L’enquête conduite auprès des acteurs de différents domaines d’activités ont permis d’apporter des réponses à une question spécifique de la mobilité qu’est la transhumance des éleveurs et des bouviers peuls de la zone pastorale de la Nouhao
In the face of unfavorable rearing conditions, the State sees in the creation of pastoral areas an opportunity to inject a new dynamic into livestock farming by improving production techniques. It is in this context that the pastoral zone of Nouhao was created and there were officially installed Fulani breeders. This installation was preceded by several achievements in order to ensure in a sustainable way, a satisfactory availability and at any time of the year, food resources, water, as well as a sanitary supervision for the animals of the said zone. Despite the many achievements that have brought benefits to pastoralists, they have retained their traditional system of pastoral resource exploitation.The study aims to identify the motivations of the actors in the persistence of the practice of mobility outside the pastoral zone. The survey carried out among stakeholders in different fields of activity has made it possible to provide answers to a specific question of mobility that is the transhumance of pastoralists and Fulani herdsmen in the pastoral zone of Nouhao

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Ezanno, Pauline. "Modélisation de la relation entre l'état des réserves corporelles et la productivité des troupeaux bovins : cas des bovins N'Dama en milieu agro-pastoral extensif de la zone tropicale humide (kolda, Sénégal)". Montpellier, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSA0031.

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Tremblay, Éric. "La pastorale en milieu urbain et le devenir de la paroisse : (au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean) /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Thèse (Ph.D.Th.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994.
Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en théologie, Études pastorales. Université de Montréal (en extension à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi). CaQCU CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

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Lukusa-Mukena, Maweja. "Étude "agro-pastorale" de la zone rurale de Madimba-Inkisi : évolution et perspectives". Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30234.

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L'analyse diachronique (1953-1986) par photographie aerienne se traduit par une cartographie qui permet de suivre l'evolution de l'occupation du sol. Evaluation de la valeur pastorale des paturages naturels et comparaison avec les besoins journaliers de l'unite bovin tropical. Appreciation de la valeur d'especes cultivees (stylosanthes, brachiaria) et des conditions d'elevage dans la zone. Etude des problemes lies a l'amenagement par amelioration du potentiel pastoral (capacite des charges des paturages), exploitation rationnelle des paturages et associations de l'agriculture a l'elevage

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Lukusa-Mukena, Maweja. "Etude agro-pastorale de la zone rurale de Madimba-Inkisi "évolution et perspectives /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615444h.

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Machouri, Nadia <1973&gt. "Potentialites pastorales et systemes d'exploitation des zones forestieres et periforestieres". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/439.

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Zine, Sonia. "Contribution de la télédétection satellitale radar pour le suivi des paramètres de surface d'une zone sahélienne agro-pastorale". Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009644.

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Cette thèse porte sur le suivi des paramètres de surface par télédétection radar. Le diffusiomètre ERS, caractérisé par une forte répétitivité temporelle et une faible résolution spatiale, a montré son potentiel sur des zones pastorales sahéliennes. Afin d'élargir son utilisation à l'ensemble de la bande sahélienne, il s'agit d'évaluer son potentiel sur des zones plus hétérogènes. Pour cela, les travaux portent sur une région d'étude située en zone sahélienne agro-pastorale. Les résultats d'une étude de modélisation du signal alliée à l'exploitation de la complémentarité des données issues du diffusiomètre et du radar à synthèse d'ouverture ERS, montrent que le taux de recouvrement du couvert végétal est le paramètre clé de la réponse radar au sein de la cellule de résolution. Ces résultats ont permis d'estimer par inversion l'humidité de surface à partir des données du diffusiomètre.

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Libros sobre el tema "Pastoral Zone"

K, Suenaga, Oshibe A, Taniguchi T y Kokusai Nōrin Suisangyō Kenkyū Senta, eds. Development of sustainable agro-pastoral systems in the subtropical zone of Brazil. Tsukuba, Japan: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 2004.

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Nelen, Joost. From colonisation to consultation: Regulating use of a pastoral zone in Samorogouan, Burkina Faso. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, 2004.

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J, Bruins Hendrik, ed. Drought planning and rainwater harvesting for arid-zone pastoralists: The Turkana and Maasai (Kenya) and the Negev Bedouin (Israel). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Publishers, 2003.

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Sall, Abdoulaye. La remise en eau de la Vallée du Ferlo et son impact sur la vie pastorale dans la zone de Keur Momar Sarr (Région de Louga). Dakar: publisher not identified, 1995.

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Houérou, H. N. Le. Les plantations sylvo-pastorales dans la zone aride de Tunisie. Paris: Unesco, 1987.

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Prasad, R. R. Pastoral nomadism in arid zones of India: Socio-demographic & ecological aspects. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House, 1994.

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Patrick, Irungu, ed. Institutional and policy issues relevant to pastoral development in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research, 2002.

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M, Jurkowski Joseph y Hahn Todd 1968-, eds. Thriving through ministry conflict: By understanding your red and blue zones. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan, 2005.

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Derckx, Leon. Wrok & begeerte: Een pastoraal-psychologisch onderzoek naar de praktijk van hoofdzonden in een cultuur van narcisme. Budel: DAMON, 2006.

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Togola, Karim. Synthèse du rapport de l'Observatoire régional de Gao: Zones agro-pastorales et irriguées. Bamako: Association "avenir, espaces et societes,", 1995.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Pastoral Zone"

Daoud, Ibrahim, Mona Abd-El-Zaher Oman, Veronique Alary, Naeem Moselhy, Ehab Salal, Adel Aboul Naga, Omar Salama, Laura G. Duarte y Jean François Tourrand. "Adaptation and Resilience in Pastoral Management of the Mediterranean Bedouin Social–Ecological System in the Northwestern Coastal Zone of Egypt". En Building Resilience of Human-Natural Systems of Pastoralism in the Developing World, 209–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30732-9_6.

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Zhong, Yanmei, Jianguo Cheng, Lingkui Meng y Wen Zhang. "Ecological Vulnerability Assessment and Cause Analysis of the Farming–Pastoral Zone in Northern China—Taking Yulin City as an Example". En Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 157–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3947-3_11.

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Kohli Reichenbach, Claudia. "Religious Communication in Hybrid Zones. Pastoral Care in Intercultural Contexts". En Pastoral and Spiritual Care Across Religions and Cultures II, 81–92. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666564659.81.

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Novaresio, Paolo. "Bastoni Africani". En Nuances africaines, 57–120. Nancy: Éditions de l’Université de Lorraine, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4000/13nvt.

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In Africa il bastone è un elemento onnipresente, dotato di una incredibile molteplicità di funzioni, spesso sovrapposte e separate da confini estremamente labili. Questo contributo si propone di fare un po’ di luce sugli innumerevoli usi e significati del bastone presso i popoli africani, un settore poco trattato se non praticamente ignorato in letteratura. Salvo qualche eccezione, per restringere il campo di indagine geografico, la ricerca si concentra sulle regioni dell’Africa orientale e centro-meridionale, comprendendo i territori degli attuali stati nazionali di Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Mozambico e Repubblica Democratica del Congo. I bastoni presentati in questo articolo, circa una sessantina, provengono in massima parte da quelle zone e sono stati personalmente raccolti sul campo nel corso di un trentennio di viaggi. Sebbene il soggetto sia di natura molteplice e sfuggente, si è ritenuto di dividere i bastoni in quattro tipologie di base, individuandone la funzione prevalente (il che non esclude ovviamente sovrapposizioni con altre funzioni). La scelta è stata assolutamente personale e in qualche misura arbitraria. I bastoni presentati in oggetto sono stati quindi così suddivisi : - Bastoni sciamanici (o bastoni-feticcio), usati nei culti di possessione, riti di guarigione ed esorcismi. Funzione prevalente : religiosa. - Bastoni di comando e scettri, simbolo della continuità del lignaggio e di legittimità del potere costituito. Funzione prevalente : politica. - Bastoni da combattimento e mazze, usati in guerra, per difesa o nelle competizioni di arti marziali. Funzione prevalente : militare. - Bastoni d’uso quotidiano, ovvero pastorali, da scavo e d’appoggio. Funzione prevalente : economico-utilitaria. I vari bastoni sono stati esaminati per quanto possibile in rapporto contesto storico, geografico ed etnico locale, tenendo presente che in Africa l’affiliazione etnica non è un fatto né stabile né esclusivo. In quest’ottica, di alcuni oggetti si è cercato di spiegare l’uso e il significato, per altri è stata fornita solo una sommaria descrizione. Una serie di immagini fuori testo, dotate di brevi didascalie, arricchisce e integra la parte iconografica.

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Feuer, Bryan. "Modeling Differential Cultural Interaction in Late Bronze Age Thessaly". En Modeling Cross-Cultural Interaction in Ancient Borderlands. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056883.003.0003.

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On the northern border of Mycenaean civilization and encompassing several ecological zones, the province of Thessaly represents an opportunity to test the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model involving processes such as acculturation and ethnogenesis in a border/frontier zone. In the Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–1100 BC) southeastern Thessaly, with a climate and topography similar to the Mycenaean core zone of southern and central Greece, was in direct contact with the centers of Mycenaean civilization and evolved in a similar manner, while in the inner plains further north, a transition zone between the Mediterranean environment of the coast and the Continental environment of southeastern Europe, local elites selectively adopted some aspects of Mycenaean culture, and in the mountainous zone further to the north and west nomadic pastoral tribes had little contact with the Mycenaean world and were even more selective borrowing cultural elements.

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Watt, Laura Alice y David Lowenthal. "Acquisition and Its Alternatives". En Paradox of Preservation. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520277076.003.0004.

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This chapter details the specific establishment process at Point Reyes, from its first proposal as a park in the late 1950s, through its authorization in 1962 as a national seashore intended to provide beach access and recreation opportunities to the nearby metropolitan public of the Bay Area, and up to additional legislation and funding passed in 1970. Point Reyes was one of a series of parks, mostly national seashores, lakeshores, and recreation areas, created during the 1960s and 1970s by acquiring large areas of private land. As part of this experimental period of direct purchase of property, Point Reyes began as an explicit attempt to retain some private ownership within the seashore as a “pastoral zone” where agriculture could remain. However, the establishment of the park set in place the conditions that essentially forced the sale of the pastoral zone to the federal government within ten years.

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Stryker, J. Dirck. "Land Use Development in the Pastoral Zone of West Africa". En Livestock Development in Subsaharan Africa, 175–85. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429047008-14.

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Burnet, Jennie E. "Altruism, Agency, and Martyrdom in the Gray Zone". En To Save Heaven and Earth, 180–217. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501767104.003.0008.

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This chapter questions the common assumptions that rescuers are morally exceptional people and religious piety increases the likelihood of rescue by examining the cases where Hutu gave their lives while trying to save Tutsi from the genocide. It looks at the cases of Sister Félicité Niyitegeka at the Saint Pierre Pastoral Center in Gisenyi and Hamza Habimana and Mohamed Hakuzimana at a mosque in Kibagabaga on the outskirts of Kigali. It also explores how and why some people persisted in their rescue efforts even in the face of almost certain death. The chapter demonstrates that martyrs refused the moral compromise necessitated by the genocide's gray zone. It considers the immense symbolic potency of martyrs in the aftermath of genocide and why some martyrs are widely recognized while others are largely ignored.

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Knapp, Liza. "4. Death". En Leo Tolstoy: A Very Short Introduction, 49–63. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198813934.003.0004.

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Death was a fact of Tolstoy’s life from the start. He lost both of his parents during childhood and then, as a young man, Tolstoy witnessed and caused death at war. Death continued to haunt him. Whether he was writing about a war zone, a pastoral landscape, a slum, or a family estate, Tolstoy’s works are set in the ‘valley of the shadow of death’. One of Tolstoy’s missions as a writer was to remind readers of their own mortality and to make them think about how to live and love in the face of death. ‘Death’ discusses Tolstoy’s treatment of dying in Childhood, Boyhood, Youth; War and Peace; Anna Karenina; and ‘The Death of Ivan Ilyich’.

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Johannessen, Halvard. "Prest i det sekulære. Pastoralteologi i møtet mellom Manfred Josuttis og Charles Taylor". En Spesialprest i livssynsåpent samfunn, 119–37. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.207.ch4.

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Pastors work in contexts that are increasingly plural and secular. In the forefront of this development are chaplains serving at public institutions. Professional and cultural contexts contributes to form the expectations, tasks, and role of the pastor in significant ways in the field of practice. Pastoral theology needs to identify and address these developments, to ensure that the hermeneutical and conceptual tools available are sufficient. In this chapter, I present two different theoretical contributions that hopefully can supply concepts for a pastoral theology of the secular. Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor explores the characteristics of secular culture in his opus magnum A Secular Age (2007), while German pastoral theologian Manfred Josuttis develops an original understanding of the pastor as guide into the sacred zones of life in his Die Einführung in das Leben (1996). By putting these contributions into dialogue, this chapter explores the understanding of the role of the pastor in a secular culture. Despite their many differences, Taylor and Josuttis share a phenomenological approach as common ground. They articulate their understandings of the secular, the sacred, and the role of the pastor, within a philosophical language that reaches beyond the limitations of dogmatics and organized church life. Together, they help us to explore the role of the pastor in the contested «middles» of secular culture: between the immanent and the transcendent, between everyday life and spirituality, and between the secular and the sacred.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Pastoral Zone"

Xie, Hualin. "Land Use Eco-security Evaluation Based on GIS in the Typical Agro-pastoral Zone". En 2008 International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ETT and GRS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ettandgrs.2008.146.

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Xiao, Luxiang y Zengxiang Zhang. "Dynamic of Agro-Pastoral Zone Based on Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia". En 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2008.241.

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An, Youzhi, Wei Gao, Zhiqiang Gao, Chaoshun Liu y Runhe Shi. "Assessment of desertification in the agro-pastoral transitional zone in Northern China (1982-2006) using GIMMS NDVI data". En SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, editado por Wei Gao, Thomas J. Jackson, Jinnian Wang y Ni-Bin Chang. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2021857.

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He, Chunyang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Xiaobing Li, Peijun Shi y Yang Yang. "Distinguishing the impacts of land use and arid process on natural potential productivity of cultivated land in the north farming pastoral zone of China". En Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint conference on GIS and Built Environment: The Built Environment and its Dynamics, editado por Lin Liu, Xia Li, Kai Liu, Xinchang Zhang y Xinhao Wang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.812704.

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Kullolli, Borana, Matthias Baeßler, Pablo Cuéllar, Shilton Rica y Frank Rackwitz. "An Enhanced Interface Model for Friction Fatigue Problems of Axially Loaded Piles". En ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96078.

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Abstract The shaft bearing capacity often plays a dominant role for the overall structural behaviour of axially loaded piles in offshore deep foundations. Under cyclic loading, a narrow zone of soil at the pile-soil interface is subject to cyclic shearing solicitations. Thereby, the soil may densify and lead to a decrease of confining stress around the pile due to micro-phenomena such as particle crushing, migration and rearrangement. This reduction of radial stress has a direct impact on the shaft capacity, potentially leading in extreme cases to pile failure. An adequate interface model is needed in order to model this behaviour numerically. Different authors have proposed models that take typical interface phenomena in account such as densification, grain breakage, normal pressure effect and roughness. However, as the models become more complex, a great number of material parameters need to be defined and calibrated. This paper proposes the adoption and transformation of an existing soil bulk model (Pastor-Zienkiewicz) into an interface model. To calibrate the new interface model, the results of an experimental campaign with the ring shear device under cyclic loading conditions are here presented. The constitutive model shows a good capability to reproduce typical features of sand behaviour such as cyclic compaction and dilatancy, which in saturated partially-drained conditions may lead to liquefaction and cyclic mobility phenomena.

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Faber-Lopes, Lênim. "ATROPELAMENTOS DE MAMÍFEROS E AVES SILVESTRES EM ÁREAS ÚMIDAS DO MÉDIO ITABAPOANA". En I Congresso Brasileiro de Biodiversidade Virtual. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1081.

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Introdução: As estradas facilitam a vida humana, todavia, causam sérios impactos ambientais diretos e indiretos. Entre os diretos, os atropelamentos matam cerca de 2 milhões de animais silvestres anualmente, sobretudo no Sudeste brasileiro, no qual o Estado do Rio de Janeiro está inserido. Neste estado, a Mesorregião Noroeste se enquadra como uma das regiões de menor biodiversidade e poucas pesquisas envolvendo fauna, necessitando de dados mínimos sobre a dinâmica de interações entre a vida selvagem e as atividades antrópicas que levaram a esta redução, incluindo as rodovias. Objetivo: Compilar registros de atropelamentos de mamíferos e aves silvestres em um trecho de rodovia que corta áreas úmidas naturais e artificiais, a fim de relatar a constante perda faunística de médio e grande porte, correlacionando-os às condições paisagísticas que possivelmente propiciam tais perdas. Materiais e métodos: O local pesquisado consiste em trecho de 2,5km da rodovia BR484/RJ186, próximo à Zona Urbana de Bom Jesus do Itabapoana-RJ, fronteiriço ao Espírito Santo, que entrecorta uma extensa área de várzeas drenadas e açudes destinados ao gado. Tangencial à estrada, um subafluente do Rio Itabapoana desce à nordeste para sua foz. Chamado Córrego Bom Jardim, este corpo hídrico possui fragmentos de mata ripária e atua como corredor ecológico dentro da paisagem pastoril, possibilitando conectividade para o fragmento florestal situado do outro lado da rodovia. Os dados foram obtidos ao longo de três anos, paralelamente a trabalhos de campo com fauna, realizados no córrego e mata ripária, com registro fotográfico. Resultados: Foram contabilizados seis Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris atropelados num único ponto, onde uma manilha de drenagem passa sob a pista, conectando áreas úmidas de ambos os lados. Também registrou-se Lontra longicaudis e Procyon cancrivorus muito próximos à açudes. Além destes, Cerdocyon thous, Sphiggurus sp., Tamandua tetradactyla, Coragyps atratus, Caracara plancus, Mivalgo chimachima e Cariama cristata também foram registrados. A espécie mais atropelada foi H. hydrochaeris, abatida ao tentar atravessar de uma várzea a outra, podendo causar sérios acidentes. Conclusão: As condições da paisagem no entorno deste trecho favorecem o atropelamento de mamíferos ecologicamente relacionados à água, como as capivaras, lontras e guaxinins, sendo necessárias medidas mitigatórias locais.

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Rey Romero, Daniela Cristina, Emily Bautista, María J. Barrera, Isabel Domínguez y Édgar Ricardo Oviedo Ocaña. "Estudio de línea base sobre la variabilidad espacial de la concentración de nitrógeno en el agua superficial de un agroecosistema de páramo en Colombia". En Nuevas realidades para la educación en ingeniería: currículo, tecnología, medio ambiente y desarrollo. Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/paper.2256.

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Los páramos son territorios estratégicos para el Desarrollo Sostenible debido principalmente a su alta diversidad biológica, capacidad de almacenamiento de carbono, importancia cultural y su rol como reguladores y proveedores del recurso hídrico que abastece a numerosas poblaciones. A pesar de ello, estos ecosistemas se encuentran amenazados por actividades antrópicas, entre las cuales sobresale la agricultura convencional. Aunque se han realizado estudios que relacionan los usos del suelo con cambios en la calidad del agua en páramos, la relación entre actividades agrícolas y la exportación de nitrógeno al agua superficial en estos ecosistemas no ha sido suficientemente estudiada. Por esta razón, en este estudio se analizó la variabilidad espacial de diferentes formas de nitrógeno en el agua superficial del páramo de Berlín (Santander, Colombia) durante una época de altas precipitaciones. Para ello, se seleccionó una unidad hidrográfica de 207 ha localizada en la cabecera de la microcuenca del río Jordán, en donde la principal actividad económica consiste en el cultivo de cebolla de rama (Allium fistulosum) y, en menor medida, cultivos de papa (Solanum tuberosum) y pastoreo extensivo. Se aplicaron técnicas de observación en campo y entrevistas semiestructuradas a los agricultores locales para la identificación de las principales prácticas agrícolas en la zona de estudio. Se realizó una campaña de muestreo durante dos meses, con una frecuencia semanal, considerando ocho puntos de monitoreo localizados en tres quebradas que discurren por áreas con distintos usos del suelo. En relación con las concentraciones de nitratos y nitrógeno total, a partir de análisis de varianza y pruebas post hoc, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre puntos de monitoreo ubicados en áreas con poca intervención antrópica y puntos de monitoreo aledaños a áreas con actividad agrícola. Las concentraciones en los puntos analizados estuvieron entre 0.00 a 3.40 mg N-NO3/L para los nitratos y 0.15 a 5.50 mg N/L para el nitrógeno total. Este incremento podría promover procesos de eutrofización en cuerpos lóticos de páramo, representando un riesgo para su biodiversidad. El aporte de nitrógeno al agua superficial determinado en este estudio se puede atribuir a fuentes difusas asociadas al desarrollo generalizado de cultivos de cebolla de rama con prácticas intensivas que incluyen tendencia hacia el establecimiento de monocultivos, uso de estiércol de aves de corral sin compostar, aplicación intensiva de fertilizantes sintéticos, pesticidas convencionales y métodos de riego ineficiente. Estos resultados evidencian la contaminación difusa del agua por actividades agrícolas en páramos y pueden utilizarse como línea base para la formulación y evaluación de estrategias orientadas a la transición hacia sistemas agrícolas sostenibles en estas regiones. Dado que esta investigación se realizó en un área relativamente pequeña, es necesario contrastar estos resultados con un análisis a mayor escala en la microcuenca del río Jordán, lo cual permitiría dimensionar y comprender la magnitud real del problema como insumo para una mejor toma de decisiones alrededor del manejo del suelo y el agua en la región.

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Informes sobre el tema "Pastoral Zone"

Pastoreo. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.video.2013.138.

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La economía del cambio climático en el Perú: Impactos en la ganadería altoandina. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006501.

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Este trabajo evalúa el impacto del cambio climático en las áreas netas de pastoreo, la productividad de los biomas, la capacidad de carga animal en unidades ovino, y el valor económico de la producción pecuaria en la eco-región Puna, donde se desarrolla la mayoría de la ganadería extensiva. Esta zona, debido a la fragilidad de los ecosistemas que alberga, y los altos índices de pobreza que exhibe, ha sido considerada como una zona de alta vulnerabilidad a los impactos del cambio climático, de modo que analizar la dinámica socio-ambiental productive ganadera desde una perspectiva ecológica-económica y proyectarla al futuro constituye el motivo principal del presente estudio. Los resultados de las proyecciones revelan que la capacidad de carga y la contribución económica de la eco-región Puna a la economía y seguridad alimentaria disminuirán notablemente debido al efecto combinado de los cambios en cobertura vegetal, uso de la tierra y productividad, derivado del cambio climático. La reducción en la extensión de los pajonales, debido a la expansión de la agricultura y de la vegetación arbustiva de menor productividad, definitivamente reducirá la capacidad de carga y el aporte relativo de la ganadería al PBI. De otro lado, la reducción en los bofedales, un recurso estratégico para la época de sequía, hará insostenible el desarrollo de la ganadería, en particular en aquellas zonas áridas donde estos espacios constituyen la fuente principal de abastecimiento de agua en periodos críticos o de ausencia de lluvias, como es el caso de la Puna seca. Dados los cambios en la estructura y dinámica que experimentará el paisaje, en términos de composición de la vegetación, sería importante desarrollar índices de vulnerabilidad de los ecosistemas y estrategias de adaptación de los pastores de puna al cambio climático.

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