Literatura académica sobre el tema "Pasture ecology – Western Australia"

Natural gain: In the grazing lands of Southern Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2000.

Plant life of Western Australia. Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press, 1990.

Johnstone, R. E. Mangroves and mangrove birds of Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Western Australian Museum, 1990.

Wells, Fred E. Sea slugs of Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Western Australian Museum, 2000.

Wells, Fred E. Sea slugs of Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Western Australian Museum, 2000.

Strelein, G. J. Site classification in the southern jarrah forest of Western Australia. Como, W.A: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management, 1988.

Mitchell, A. A. Arid shrubland plants of Western Australia. 2nd ed. Nedlands, W.A: University of Western Australia Press in association with the Dept. of Agriculture, Western Australia, 1994.

Mitchell, A. A. Arid shrubland plants of Western Australia. Nedlands, W.A: University of Western Australia Press with the Western Australian Dept. of Agriculture, 1988.

Simpson, Christopher J. Ecology of scleractinian corals in the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Environmental Protection Authority, 1988.

Chambers, J. A guide to emergent wetland plants of South-Western Australia. Perth, W.A: Marine and Freshwater Research Laboratory, Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 1995.

Cole, M. M. "The vegetation of the greenstone belts of Western Australia." In The Ecology of Areas with Serpentinized Rocks, 343–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3722-5_14.

Ruiz-Avila, R. J., and V. V. Klemm. "Management of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f., an aquatic invasive weed of urban waterways in Western Australia." In Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants, 187–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7_29.

Cox, Shaphan, and Christina Birdsall-Jones. "From Activists to Illegally Occupying Land: Aboriginal Resistance as Moral Ecology in Perth, Western Australia." In Moral Ecologies, 83–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06112-8_4.

"Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Joshuah S. Perkin, Juju C. Wellemeyer, and Jeffrey D. Fore. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874561.ch19.

Barker, Graeme. "Understanding Foragers." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0007.

"cent in children, but the length of residence in the Ord River area was an important determinant, with those who had lived in the area fewer than three years having a lower incidence (26 per cent) than those who had lived in the area for more than three years (64 per cent) (Liehne et al. 1976c). Thus these early results demonstrated that the mosquito density and bird numbers had increased since the establishment of the Ord River irrigation project, particularly around the diversion dam and Lake Kununurra, that the major mosquito vector of MVE virus was the predominant species Culex annulirostris, and that MVE virus was actively circulating in the area. However, the serological results must be treated with caution as the HI test cannot differentiate clearly between MVE and Kunjin viruses, and therefore a number of seroconversions may have been due to infection with the latter. Nevertheless, the results suggested that MVE virus may have become enzootic in the Ord River irrigation area. A single case of Australian encephalitis occurred in Kununurra in 1974; this was the last case of the 1974 epidemic that affected all Australian mainland states (Table 8.1). The first cases to be reported in the Northern Territory also occurred during the 1974 epidemic. 8.3.2 Studies carried out between 1977 and 1995 The early studies between 1972 and 1976 laid the foundation for the more detailed investigations of MVE virus ecology in north-western Australia that have been undertaken over the past twenty years. These investigations became increasingly important as cases of Australian encephalitis became more frequent, particularly with respect to surveillance methodology to enable early warnings to be given of impending epidemic activity and to understand the spread and possible persistence of the virus. In addition, the apparently ideal conditions for arboviral ecology in the Ord River irrigation area have made it essential to monitor for possible incursant mosquito vector species and viruses that could potentially become established in the region. Improved methods for mosquito collection, virus isolation, and antibody detection have been introduced over the past twenty years, which have allowed a more accurate picture to emerge of the ecology of MVE virus and a more effective surveillance system to be established to provide an early warning of increased virus activity. Human cases of Australian encephalitis, surveillance for virus activity, virus isolations, factors affecting mosquito populations, and virus spread and persistence are discussed below. Human encephalitis cases Increasing numbers of Australian encephalitis cases have occurred in Western Australia and the Northern Territory since 1977 (Mackenzie and Broom 1995; Mackenzie et al. 1993a; Smith et al. 1993). Indeed the majority of cases reported in Australia since 1977, thirty of." In Water Resources, 130. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-23.

"Little was known about MVE virus, its vertebrate hosts or its vectors before the establishment of the Ord River irrigation area. Early serological studies by Stanley and Choo (1961; 1964) on human sera collected in 1960 from Halls Creek in East Kimberley and Derby in West Kimberley had demonstrated that the virus was circulating in these areas. However, no clinical cases of encephalitis had been reported, which may have been due to the small human population in the region prior to 1960, to a lack of awareness by clinicians, to low virus carriage rates in mosquitoes, or to a combination of these factors. Similarly, no cases of encephalitis had been reported in the Northern Territory. The first clinical case of Murray Valley encephalitis (now known as Australian encephalitis) occurred in 1969 (Table 8.1), a fatal case that was acquired by a tourist south of the Ord River irrigation area (Cook et al. 1970). Only limited information was available on the mosquito species prevalent in the Ord River area before 1972, although Culex annulirostris, believed to be the major vector for MVE virus from studies carried out by Doherty and colleagues in north Queensland (Doherty et al. 1963), was found to be present (H. Paterson, personal communication to Stanley 1972), and was the dominant species (H. Paterson, personal communication to Stanley 1975). Thus prior to the completion of stage one of the Ord River irrigation area, serological evidence had been obtained to demonstrate that MVE virus caused subclinical human infections, but no clinical cases had been reported. Between the completion of stage one and stage two, the first clinical case of encephalitis was reported, and limited information on the mosquito fauna was obtained but without details of mosquito numbers or population dynamics. 8.3 Studies on Murray Valley encephalitis from 1972 8.3.1 Early studies, 1972—1976 A series of investigations on the ecology of MVE virus in the Ord River irrigation area and on the effect of the completion of the Ord River dam were initiated by Stanley and colleagues in 1972. The major components comprised: regular mosquito collections obtained just before and immediately after the wet season to determine the number and proportion of each species at different sites, and for isolation of viruses; serological studies of animals and birds to investigate their roles as possible vertebrate or reservoir hosts; and serological studies of the human population, both Caucasian and Aboriginal, to determine subclinical infection rates and to assess potential risks. These studies yielded a number of important findings which have provided the basis for much of our knowledge of MVE ecology in north-western Australia. The major findings were as follows. • Mosquitoes. Using live bait traps to collect mosquitoes, it appeared that there had been a significant increase in mosquito numbers since the construction of the diver-." In Water Resources, 128. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-21.

"from Halls Creek in the East Kimberley region and Derby in West Kimberley in 1960 had demonstrated that subclinical infections with both MVE and Kunjin viruses had occurred in the human population (Stanley and Choo, 1961; 1964), there had been no reported cases of Australian encephalitis in Western Australia or in the Northern Territory. Unfortunately no baseline studies were undertaken on either mosquito densities or virus incidence before the completion of stage one of the irrigation project; indeed no studies were initiated until completion of stage two, the construction of the Ord River dam. While the Ord River irrigation area undoubtedly had enormous and profound effects on the ecology of the region, most of the evidence for increases in mosquito densities and waterbird populations is circumstantial. The climate in the Kimberley and adjacent areas of the Northern Territory comprises a relatively short (four month) monsoonal wet season during which heavy rainfall events occur and the major rivers extend across vast floodplains, and a very dry ‘dry’ season during which most of the country becomes arid and, in the latter half, even large rivers cease to flow. Results from studies at various locations, such as Billiluna and Halls Creek, suggest that MVE virus is occasionally epizootic in many arid areas of the Kimberley. It is probable, therefore, that the area in which the Ord River irrigation area was established was similar and, consequently, that prior to the irrigation scheme being implemented, MVE was also epizootic. Since 1972, our studies in the Ord River irrigation area and elsewhere in the Kimberley region on virus isolations from mosquitoes, on serological investigations of humans, animals and sentinel chickens, and on human cases of Australian encephalitis, have clearly shown that MVE virus is now enzootic in the Ord River area and probably in other foci such as the Derby and Broome areas of the West Kimberley region. Elsewhere, in arid areas of the Kimberley and in the Pilbara, MVE virus is epizootic and virus activity is probably initiated either by virus reactivation from desiccation-resistant mosquito eggs or by introduction through viraemic vertebrate hosts. The situation in the Northern Territory is less clear as insufficient data have been accumulated. However, it is probable that MVE is enzootic in the wetlands in the north of the Northern Territory, but epizootic in the more arid areas further south extending east from the Kimberley border. Since 1978 there has been a substantial increase in the number of cases of Australian encephalitis throughout the Kimberley and Northern Territory that cannot be ascribed to either an increase in population or a heightened awareness among clinicians. Thus, although based largely on circumstantial evidence, we believe that the Ord River Irrigation Area has had a profound effect on MVE virus activity and indeed has resulted in the virus becoming enzootic in the area. We also believe that this large, stable enzootic focus has provided the source for regular epizootic incursions to other areas of the Kimberley and adjacent arid areas of the Northern Territory, and to the Pilbara, and has probably established smaller enzootic foci in the West Kimberley. As virus can persist in desiccation-resistant mosquito eggs, it is probable that most areas of the Kimberley and adjacent areas of the." In Water Resources, 136. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-27.

Handcock, R. N., G. E. Donald, and S. G. Gherardi. "Three regionalised analyses of a time-series of annual pasture production for southwest Western Australia." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422918.

Wang, Xin, Xiaojing Li, and Linlin Ge. "Relating envisat ASAR and ALOS PALSAR backscattering coefficient to spot NDVI for monitoring seasonal change of pasture biomass in Western Australia." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6350503.