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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Physics detectors"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 14 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Physics detectors"

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Balkova, Y., M. Urbaniak, A. Makhnev, S. Puławski, S. Kowalski, J. Kulawik, F. Guber y D. Serebryakov. "New beam position detectors for NA61/SHINE experiment". Journal of Instrumentation 17, n.º 08 (1 de agosto de 2022): C08019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/08/c08019.

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Abstract NA61/SHINE is a multi-purpose fixed-target experiment located at the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN. The main goals of the experiment include studies for physics of strong interactions, neutrino physics, and cosmic-rays physics. After the upgrade of the detector system, the experiment will collect data up to 1 kHz event rate. The development of new detectors, used to measure the positions of incoming beam particles in the transverse plane, is a crucial part of the upgrade. Two new kinds of beam position detectors are prepared and tested. One of them is the scintillating fiber detector with a multi-anode photomultiplier readout. It is built of two perpendicularly arranged ribbons, each consisting of two shifted layers of green-emitting scintillating fibers with a diameter of 250 μm. The second type of detector is based on single-sided silicon strip detector (Hamamatsu S13804). The paper gives an overview of both detectors’ design and readout concepts.
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2

Zareef, F., A. Oblakowska-Mucha y T. Szumlak. "Silicon detectors beyond LHC — RD50 status report". Journal of Instrumentation 17, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2022): C11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/c11004.

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Abstract The last decade showed the leading role of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments in particle physics. To fully exploit its physics potential, the significant increase of LHC luminosity is planned. At the High luminosity Phase-II Upgrade (HL-LHC), foreseen for 2027, a peak instantaneous luminosity of 5 × 1034 cm−2, with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 is expected. The experiments will be subjected to radiation levels up to 2 × 1016 neq/cm2 at the innermost layers of the detectors. Since more than a decade the RD50 collaboration has been conducting a significant R&D program across experimental boundaries to create silicon sensors with adequate radiation tolerance for HL-LHC trackers. HV-CMOS sensors, 3D detectors, and low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) are important areas of detector research and development. We will discuss the current state of research and development in numerous silicon detector domains, with a focus on 3D and LGAD detectors. We will also discuss the alternatives for detector selection experiments outside of the LHC, using the FCC as an example.
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Kohagura, J., T. Cho, M. Hirata, T. Okamura, T. Tamano, K. Yatsu, S. Miyoshi, K. Hirano y H. Maezawa. "New methods for semiconductor charge-diffusion-length measurements using synchrotron radiation". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 1998): 874–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597017524.

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The extension of a new theory on the X-ray energy response of semiconductor detectors is carried out to characterize the X-ray response of a multichannel semiconductor detector fabricated on one silicon wafer. Recently, these multichannel detectors have been widely utilized for position-sensitive observations in various research fields, including synchrotron radiation research and fusion-plasma investigations. This article represents the verification of the physics essentials of a proposed theory on the X-ray response of semiconductor detectors. The three-dimensional charge-diffusion effects on the adjoining detector-channel signals are experimentally demonstrated at the Photon Factory for two types of multichannel detectors. These findings are conveniently applicable for measuring diffusion lengths for industrial requirements.
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4

Madejczyk, P., W. Gawron, A. Kębłowski, K. Mlynarczyk, D. Stępień, P. Martyniuk, A. Rogalski, J. Rutkowski y J. Piotrowski. "Higher Operating Temperature IR Detectors of the MOCVD Grown HgCdTe Heterostructures". Journal of Electronic Materials 49, n.º 11 (24 de agosto de 2020): 6908–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08369-3.

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Abstract This paper summarizes progress in metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technology achieved in recent years at the Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology and VIGO System S.A. MOCVD with a wide range of composition and donor/acceptor doping and without post-growth annealing is a very convenient tool for the deposition of HgCdTe epilayers used for uncooled infrared detectors. Particular attention is focused on: surface morphology improvement, doping issues, diffusion processes during growth study, substrate issues, crystallographic orientation selection. In this respect, MOCVD technology improvement influencing IR detector parameters is shown. CdTe buffer layer deposition allows HgCdTe heterostructure growth on GaAs substrates. Theoretical modelling using APSYS platform supports designing and better understanding of the carrier transport mechanism in detector’s structures. Secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles allows to compare projected and obtained structures and revealed diffusion processes of the elements. A wide range of different types of infrared detectors operating at high operating temperature conditions has been constructed: photoresistors, non-equilibrium photodiodes, dual-band photodiodes, barrier and multiple detectors. The methodical research efforts contributed to the time constant reduction are important in many detector applications. Future challenges and prospects are also discussed.
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5

Rothe, J., G. Angloher, F. Ardellier-Desages, A. Bento, L. Canonica, A. Erhart, N. Ferreiro et al. "NUCLEUS: Exploring Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with Cryogenic Detectors". Journal of Low Temperature Physics 199, n.º 1-2 (10 de diciembre de 2019): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02283-7.

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AbstractThe NUCLEUS experiment aims for the detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering at a nuclear power reactor with gram-scale, ultra-low-threshold cryogenic detectors. This technology leads to a miniaturization of neutrino detectors and allows to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. A 0.5 g NUCLEUS prototype detector, operated above ground in 2017, reached an energy threshold for nuclear recoils of below 20 eV. This sensitivity is achieved with tungsten transition edge sensors which are operating at temperatures of 15 mK and are mainly sensitive to non-thermal phonons. These small recoil energies become accessible for the first time with this technology, which allows collecting large-statistics neutrino event samples with a moderate detector mass. A first-phase cryogenic detector array with a total mass of 10 g enables a 5-sigma observation of coherent scattering within several weeks. We identified a suitable experimental site at the Chooz Nuclear Power Plant and performed muon and neutron background measurements there. The operation of a NUCLEUS cryogenic detector array at such a site requires highly efficient background suppression. NUCLEUS plans to use an innovative technique consisting of separate cryogenic anticoincidence detectors against surface backgrounds and penetrating (gamma, neutron) radiation. We present first results from prototypes of these veto detectors and their operation in coincidence with a NUCLEUS target detector.
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6

Andreazza, Attilio. "Development of Detectors for Physics at the Terascale". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (enero de 2018): 1860007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600078.

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The detector systems for particle physics experiment at the future high-energy and high-luminosity colliders will need to improve resolution, radiation hardness, and rate capability with respect to the current generation of experiments. Many promising technological solutions are being developed for both tracking detectors and calorimeters.
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7

Martyniuk, P. y A. Rogalski. "Theoretical modelling of MWIR thermoelectrically cooled nBn HgCdTe detector". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2013): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0020.

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Abstract The paper reports on the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) unipolar barrier infrared detector (UBIRD) nBn/B-n type (n-type barrier) HgCdTe detector’s photoelectrical performance. The UBIRD nBn/B-n type HgCdTe detector was modelled using commercially available software APSYS. Detailed analysis of the detector’s performance (such as dark current, photocurrent, responsivity, and detectivity) versus bias voltage, operating temperatures, and structural parameters (cap, barrier, and absorber’s doping as well as cap and barrier compositions) were performed pointing out optimal working conditions. Both conduction and valence band alignments of the HgCdTe nBn/B-n type detector structure was simulated stressing their importance on detectors performance. It was shown that higher operation temperature (HOT) conditions achieved by commonly used thermoelectric (TE) coolers allow to obtain detectivities of D* = (3-10)×109 cmHz1/2/W at T = 200 K for detectors with cut-off wavelength of 5.2 μm The differential resistance area product of RA = 0.15-0.4 cm2 at T = 230 K for bias voltage V = 50 mV was estimated. Finally, the state of the art of UBIRD HgCdTe nBn/B-n type detector performance was compared to InAs/GaSb/B-Al0.2Ga0.8Sb T2SLs nBn detector, InAs/GaSb T2SLs PIN and the HOT HgCdTe bulk photodiodes’ operated at near-room temperature (T = 230 K). It was shown that the RA product of the MWIR UBIRD nBn/B-n type HgCdTe detector can reach a comparable level to the state of the art of the HgCdTe HOT bulk photodiodes and two types of type-II superlattice detectors: PIN photodiodes and nBn detectors
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8

Fanelli, C. "Design of detectors at the electron ion collider with artificial intelligence". Journal of Instrumentation 17, n.º 04 (1 de abril de 2022): C04038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/c04038.

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Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) for design is a relatively new but active area of research across many disciplines. Surprisingly when it comes to designing detectors with AI this is an area at its infancy. The electron ion collider is the ultimate machine to study the strong force. The EIC is a large-scale experiment with an integrated detector that extends for about ±35 meters to include the central, far-forward, and far-backward regions. The design of the central detector is made by multiple sub-detectors, each in principle characterized by a multidimensional design space and multiple design criteria also called objectives. Simulations with Geant4 are typically compute intensive, and the optimization of the detector design may include non-differentiable terms as well as noisy objectives. In this context, AI can offer state of the art solutions to solve complex combinatorial problems in an efficient way. In particular, one of the proto-collaborations, ECCE, has explored during the detector proposal the possibility of using multi-objective optimization to design the tracking system of the EIC detector. This document provides an overview of these techniques and recent progress made during the EIC detector proposal. Future high energy nuclear physics experiments can leverage AI-based strategies to design more efficient detectors by optimizing their performance driven by physics criteria and minimizing costs for their realization.
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Higinbotham, D. W. "EIC detector overview". Journal of Instrumentation 17, n.º 02 (1 de febrero de 2022): C02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/c02018.

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Abstract The Electron Ion Collider will have two interaction regions that can be instrumented with detectors. The first region will be instrumented as part of the project and needs to be capable of delivering the physics that has been outlined by the National Academy of Sciences and ready at the start of beam commissioning near the end of this decade. Plans for a second complementary detector to be located at a second interaction region are already in progress and will hopefully come to fruition just few years after the first detector comes online. While the basic parameters of these detectors are being selected using conventional approaches, the optimization of the detectors is already being enhanced by making use of advanced optimization techniques.
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Dudas, D., V. Kafka, M. Marcisovsky, G. Neue, M. Marcisovska, P. Prusa, I. Koniarova y M. Semmler. "Radiation hardness of PantherPix hybrid pixel detector". Journal of Instrumentation 16, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2021): P12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/p12007.

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Abstract Hybrid pixel detectors (HPD) are nowadays well known and widely used in fundamental research, e.g. in high energy physics experiments. Over the last decade, segmented semiconductor detectors have also found use in medicine. The total doses received by medical radiation detectors often reach a significant level (up to several hundreds of kGy per decade), especially in applications such as transmission portal in-vivo dosimetry. Such doses might affect detector properties. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their performance after absorbing a significant radiation dose. PantherPix is a novel 2D hybrid pixel detector which is designed specifically for use in radiation therapy. As was concluded in earlier studies, it is suitable for radiotherapy quality assurance (QA) and portal dosimetry. In this paper, the PantherPix radiation hardness is investigated using a 60Co source. The dependence on dose of the full depletion voltage, leakage current, detector power consumption and detector response are provided. The PantherPix radiation tolerance has been shown to be adequate for common cumulative doses delivered to radiation detectors in radiotherapy over several decades and its performance has been verified for doses up to 3000 kGy.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Physics detectors"

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Howard, Alexander Sinclair. "Diamond detectors for particle physics". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300575.

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2

Kuns, Kevin A. "Future Networks of Gravitational Wave Detectors| Quantum Noise and Space Detectors". Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13810824.

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The current network of three terrestrial interferometric gravitational wave detectors have observed ten binary black holes and one binary neutron star to date in the frequency band from 10 Hz to 5 kHz. Future detectors will increase the sensitivity by up to a factor of 10 and will push the sensitivity band down to lower frequencies. However, observing sources lower than a few Hz requires going into space where the interferometer arms can be longer and where there is no seismic noise. A new 100 km space detector, TianGO, sensitive to the frequency band from 10 mHz to 100 Hz is described. Through its excellent ability to localize sources in the sky, TianGO can use binary black holes as standard candles to help resolve the current tension between measurements of the Hubble constant. Furthermore, all of the current and future detectors, on both the ground and in space, are limited by quantum shot noise at high frequencies, and some will be limited by quantum radiation pressure at low frequencies as well. Much effort is made to use squeezed states of light to reduce this quantum noise, however classical noise and losses severely limit this reduction. One would ideally design a gravitational wave transducer that, using its own ability to generate ponderomotive squeezing due to the radiation pressure mediated interaction between the optical modes of the light and the mechanical modes of the mirrors, approaches the fundamental limits to quantum measurement. First steps in this direction are described and it is shown that it is feasible that a large scale 40 m interferometer can observe this ponderomotive squeezing in the near future. Finally, a method of removing the effects of the vacuum fluctuations responsible for the quantum noise in gravitational wave detectors and its application to testing for the presence of deviations from general relativity is described.

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Brooks, Francis Dey. "Physics and applications of scintillation detectors". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005268.

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The papers submitted in this volume present contributions and reviews on the physics of the scintillation process together with contributions to the development of scintillation detection techniques and the use of these techniques in nuclear physics research and in the applications of nuclear methods to other fields.
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4

Medinaceli, Villegas Eduardo <1976&gt. "Astroparticle physics with nuclear track detectors". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/850/1/Tesi_Medinaceli_Eduardo.pdf.

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This thesis is mainly about the search for exotic heavy particles -Intermediate Mass Magnetic Monopoles, Nuclearites and Q-balls with the SLIM experiment at the Chacaltaya High Altitude Laboratory (5230 m, Bolivia), establishing upper limits (90% CL) in the absence of candidates, which are among the best if not the only one for all three kind of particles. A preliminary study of the background induced by cosmic neutron in CR39 at the SLIM site, using Monte Carlo simulations. The measurement of the elemental abundance of the primary cosmic ray with the CAKE experiment on board of a stratospherical balloon; the charge distribution obtained spans in the range 5≤Z≤31. Both experiments were based on the use of plastic Nuclear Track Detectors, which records the passage of ionizing particles; by using some chemical reagents such passage can be make visible at optical microscopes.
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Medinaceli, Villegas Eduardo <1976&gt. "Astroparticle physics with nuclear track detectors". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/850/.

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This thesis is mainly about the search for exotic heavy particles -Intermediate Mass Magnetic Monopoles, Nuclearites and Q-balls with the SLIM experiment at the Chacaltaya High Altitude Laboratory (5230 m, Bolivia), establishing upper limits (90% CL) in the absence of candidates, which are among the best if not the only one for all three kind of particles. A preliminary study of the background induced by cosmic neutron in CR39 at the SLIM site, using Monte Carlo simulations. The measurement of the elemental abundance of the primary cosmic ray with the CAKE experiment on board of a stratospherical balloon; the charge distribution obtained spans in the range 5≤Z≤31. Both experiments were based on the use of plastic Nuclear Track Detectors, which records the passage of ionizing particles; by using some chemical reagents such passage can be make visible at optical microscopes.
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6

Walsh, Susanne. "The development of gallium arsenide microstrip detectors for the ATLAS inner detector". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286518.

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7

Skogeby, Richard. "Resolution Improvements and Physical Modelling of a Straw Tracker : The NA62 Experiment at CERN". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140175.

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Lab measurements and Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for the evaluation of the Straw-type detectors used in the NA62 experiment at CERN. In addition, analyses of experiment data was used in corrections to improve the reconstruction of particle tracks, ultimately leading to improved resolution of the detector system as a whole. 97.7 percent of the Straws were aligned to within 30 microns, quantified as the deviation from zero of the mean of the inherent residual distribution of each Straw. A drift time dependence on where along the Straw the particle ionized have been corrected for; before the correction the dependence was as big as 6 ns. A radius-drift time relation based on the leading edge timing distribution has been deduced and implemented. Upon implementation artifacts from the piecewise fits used became evident. An alternative approach using residuals has been put forward.
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8

Chmill, Valery. "Radiation tests of semiconductor detectors". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4026.

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CARNITI, PAOLO. "Electronic Instrumentations for High Energy Particle Physics and Neutrino Physics". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/198964.

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La presente dissertazione descrive il design, la caratterizzazione e il funzionamento di sistemi elettronici per esperimenti di Fisica delle particelle (LHCb) e Fisica del neutrino (CUORE e CUPID). A partire dal 2019, l'esperimento LHCb presso l'acceleratore LHC sarà aggiornato per lavorare a luminosità più elevata e molti dei suoi rivelatori dovranno essere riprogettati. Il rivelatore RICH, in particolare, dovrà adottare un sistema optoelettronico totalmente nuovo. Lo sviluppo di questo sistema ha già raggiunto una fase avanzata e diversi test eseguiti su fascio hanno permesso di verificare le prestazioni dell'intero sistema. Per migliorare la stabilità, il filtraggio e la regolazione delle tensioni di alimentazione del circuito di front-end, è stato sviluppato un regolatore lineare a basso dropout e resistente alla radiazione, denominato ALDO. Sono qui presentate le strategie di progetto, la misurazione delle prestazioni e i risultati delle campagne di irraggiamento di questo dispositivo. Nel campo della fisica del neutrino, grandi array di macrobolometri, come quelli adottati dall'esperimento CUORE e dal suo futuro aggiornamento CUPID, offrono delle caratteristiche uniche per lo studio del doppio decadimento beta senza neutrini. Il loro funzionamento richiede particolari strategie progettuali nel sistema elettronico di lettura, che è qui descritto nella sua interezza. Sono anche presentate nel dettaglio le misure di qualifica e ottimizzazione dei parametri di funzionamento di tutto il sistema, oltre che l'integrazione all'interno dell'area sperimentale. Infine sono presentati gli aggiornamenti di alcuni sottosistemi elettronici in vista della fase finale di CUPID.
The present dissertation describes design, qualification and operation of several electronic instrumentations for High Energy Particle Physics experiments (LHCb) and Neutrino Physics experiments (CUORE and CUPID). Starting from 2019, the LHCb experiment at the LHC accelerator will be upgraded to operate at higher luminosity and several of its detectors will be redesigned. The RICH detector will require a completely new optoelectronic readout system. The development of such system has already reached an advanced phase, and several tests at particle beam facilities allowed to qualify the performance of the entire system. In order to achieve a higher stability and a better power supply regulation for the front-end chip, a rad-hard low dropout linear regulator, named ALDO, has been developed. Design strategies, performance tests and results from the irradiation campaign are presented. In the Neutrino Physics field, large-scale bolometric detectors, like those adopted by CUORE and its future upgrade CUPID, offer unique opportunities for the study of neutrinoless double beta decay. Their operation requires particular strategies in the readout instrumentation, which is described here in its entirety. The qualification and optimization of the working parameters as well as the integration of the system in the experimental area are also thoroughly discussed, together with the latest upgrades of two electronic subsystems for the future CUPID experiment.
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Fernández, Tejero Javier. "Design and Optimization of Advanced Silicon Strip Detectors for High Energy Physics Experiments". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670498.

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L’Organització Europea per a la Investigació Nuclear (CERN) està implementant actualment una important actualització del Gran Col·lisionador d’Hadrons (LHC) de 27 quilòmetres, amb l’objectiu d’expandir l’abast de la física, augmentant la lluminositat i desencadenant la consegüent multiplicació d’interaccions per feix de partícules. Les noves condicions operatives de l’LHC d’alta lluminositat (HL-LHC) tindran un impacte directe en els sensors de traçat de silici dels detectors principals, els experiments ATLAS i CMS, causant un gran augment de l’ocupació dels sensors i danys per radiació. Aquesta tesi doctoral investiga el disseny i l’optimització d’una nova generació de detectors de micropistes de silici capaços de suportar les severes condicions operatives esperades per a l’actualització HL-LHC. En primer lloc, l’estudi aborda el desenvolupament dels detectors de micropistes de silici des del punt de vista del disseny. Es presenten elements bàsics del dispositiu i es discuteix el seu disseny en base a consideracions de rendiment. Es presenta una nova eina de generació de disseny automàtic (ALGT) basada en Python, amb l’objectiu d’abordar la necessitat de prototips de detectors de micropistes de grans dimensions en les etapes d’I+D de l’actualització del traçador intern (ITk) d’ATLAS. El ALGT s’utilitza per dissenyar un prototip de sensor de micropistes de grans dimensions, diversos sensors en miniatura i díodes. Aquests dispositius es generen i s’organitzen en un disseny d’oblea complet de 6 polzades, per a la participació d’Infineon Technologies AG en l’enquesta de mercat per a la fabricació de sensors de micropistes per al ITk d’ATLAS. A més, es presenten dissenys d’una àmplia gamma d’estructures de test microelectròniques amb diferents aplicacions. Es proposa un conjunt d’estructures de test per al desenvolupament de tecnologies de micropistes, juntament amb un xip de test capaç de cobrir tots els tests planificats per al control de qualitat (QA) durant la producció dels sensors de micropistes d’ATLAS. D’altra banda, per millorar la connexió de lectura, també es proposen diversos dissenys d’adaptadors de “”pitch”” integrats (EPA) per minimitzar els possibles inconvenients associats amb la introducció d’una segona capa de metall en l’estructura del sensor. Es realitza una caracterització extensa en el marc de l’enquesta de mercat dels sensors de micropistes per l’ATLAS ITk. Els dispositius fabricats per les empreses candidates, Infineon Technologies AG i Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., s’avaluen abans i després d’irradiacions amb protons, neutrons i gammes, fins a les influències esperades a la fi de la vida útil de l’HL-LHC. Les estructures de test i els xips de test per QA dissenyats també es caracteritzen, amb l’objectiu de validar el seu disseny, ampliar l’avaluació de la tecnologia de micropistes i proporcionar valors de referència per als tests de producció d’ATLAS. Es presenten estudis i desenvolupaments addicionals amb aplicació en experiments de física d’altes energies (HEP) en general. Temes candents, com la sensibilitat a la humitat dels sensors de grans dimensions o l’efectivitat del “”punch-through protection”” en un escenari de pèrdua de feix, s’investiguen àmpliament. També es mostra un estudi complet de les noves estructures d’EPA proposades i els resultats dels primers sensors de micropistes fabricats en oblees de 6 polzades al Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM). Els dissenys i les caracteritzacions presentades contribueixen a definir el disseny final dels sensors de micropistes d’ATLAS per a l’actualització HL-LHC, i les investigacions addicionals revelen conclusions d’interès general que poden establir les bases per a futurs desenvolupaments.
La Organización Europea para la Investigación Nuclear (CERN) está implementando actualmente una importante actualización del Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC) de 27 kilómetros, con el objetivo de expandir el alcance de la física, aumentando la luminosidad y desencadenando la consiguiente multiplicación de interacciones por haz de partículas. Las nuevas condiciones operativas del LHC de alta luminosidad (HL-LHC) tendrán un impacto directo en los sensores de trazado de silicio de los detectores principales, los experimentos ATLAS y CMS, causando un gran aumento de la ocupación del detector y daños por radiación. Esta tesis doctoral investiga el diseño y la optimización de una nueva generación de detectores de micropistas de silicio capaces de soportar las severas condiciones operativas esperadas para la actualización HL-LHC. En primer lugar, el estudio aborda el desarrollo de los detectores de micropistas de silicio desde el punto de vista del diseño. Se presentan elementos básicos del dispositivo y se discute su diseño en base a consideraciones de rendimiento. Se presenta una nueva herramienta de generación de diseño automático (ALGT) basada en Python, con el objetivo de abordar la necesidad de prototipos de detectores de micropistas de gran tamaño en las etapas de I + D de la actualización del trazador interno (ITk) de ATLAS. El ALGT se utiliza para diseñar un prototipo de sensor de micropistas de gran tamaño, varios sensores en miniatura y diodos. Estos dispositivos se generan y se organizan en un diseño de oblea completo de 6 pulgadas, para la participación de Infineon Technologies AG en la encuesta de mercado para la fabricación de sensores de micropistas para el ITk de ATLAS. Además, se presentan diseños de una amplia gama de estructuras de test microelectrónicas con diferentes aplicaciones. Se propone un conjunto de estructuras de test para el desarrollo de tecnologías de micropistas, junto con un chip de test capaz de cubrir todos los tests planificados para el Quality Assurance (QA) durante la producción de los sensores de micropistas de ATLAS. Por otro lado, para mejorar la conexión de lectura, también se proponen varios diseños de adaptadores de “pitch” integrados (EPA) para minimizar los posibles inconvenientes asociados con la introducción de una segunda capa de metal en la estructura del sensor. Se realiza una caracterización extensa en el marco de la encuesta de mercado de los sensores de micropistas para ATLAS ITk. Los dispositivos fabricados por las empresas candidatas, Infineon Technologies AG y Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., se evalúan antes y después de irradiaciones con protones, neutrones y gammas, hasta las fluencias esperadas al final de la vida útil del HL-LHC. Las estructuras de test y los chips de test para QA diseñados también se caracterizan, con el objetivo de validar su diseño, ampliar la evaluación de la tecnología de micropistas y proporcionar valores de referencia para los tests de producción de ATLAS. Se presentan estudios y desarrollos adicionales con aplicación en experimentos de física de altas energías (HEP) en general. Temas candentes, como la sensibilidad a la humedad de los sensores de gran tamaño o la efectividad del “punch-through protection” en un escenario de pérdida de haz, se investigan ampliamente. También se muestra un estudio completo de las nuevas estructuras de EPA propuestas y los resultados de los primeros sensores de micropistas fabricados en obleas de 6 pulgadas en el Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM). Los diseños y las caracterizaciones presentadas contribuyen a definir el diseño final de los sensores de micropistas de ATLAS para la actualización HL-LHC, y las investigaciones adicionales revelan conclusiones de interés general que pueden sentar las bases para futuros desarrollos.
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is currently implementing a major upgrade of the 27-kilometre Large Hadron Collider (LHC), with the aim to expand the physics reach, increasing the luminosity and triggering the consequent multiplication of interactions per bunch crossing. The new High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operational conditions will have a direct impact in the silicon tracking sensors of the main detectors, the ATLAS and CMS experiments, causing a large increase of detector occupancy and radiation damage. This PhD thesis investigates the design and optimization of a new generation of silicon strip detectors able to withstand the severe operational conditions expected for the HL-LHC upgrade. Firstly, the study tackles the development of the silicon strip detectors from a layout design point of view. Basic device elements are presented and its design is discussed based on performance considerations. A new python-based Automatic Layout Generation Tool (ALGT) is presented, with the aim to address the need for large area prototypes of strip detectors at the R&D stages of the ATLAS Inner-Tracker (ITk) upgrade. The ALGT is used to design a large area strip sensor prototype, several miniature sensors and diodes. These devices are generated, and arranged in a full 6-inch wafer layout design, for the participation of Infineon Technologies AG in the ATLAS ITk strip sensor Market Survey. In addition, layout designs of a wide range of microelectronic test structures with different applications are presented. A set of test structures for the development of strip technologies is proposed, along with a test chip able to cover all the routine tests planned for the Quality Assurance (QA) works during the ATLAS strip sensor production. On the other hand, in order to improve the readout connection, several designs of Embedded Pitch Adaptors (EPA) are also proposed to minimize the possible drawbacks associated to the introduction of a second metal layer on the sensor structure. An extensive characterization is performed in the frame of the ATLAS ITk strip sensor Market Survey. Devices fabricated by the candidate foundries, Infineon Technologies AG and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., are evaluated before and after proton, neutron and gamma irradiations, up to fluences expected at the end of the HL-LHC lifetime. Test structures and QA test chips designed are also characterized, with the objective to validate its design, expand the technology evaluation and provide reference values for the ATLAS production tests. Additional studies and developments are presented with application in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments in general. Hot topics, such as the humidity sensitivity of large area sensors or the effectiveness of the punch-through protection in a beam-loss scenario, are extensively investigated. A complete study of the new EPA structures proposed, and results of the first strip sensors fabricated in 6-inch wafers at Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM), are also shown. The layout designs and characterizations presented, contribute to define the final design of the ATLAS strip sensors for the HL-LHC upgrade, and the additional investigations reveal conclusions of general interest that can lay the foundation for future developments.
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Libros sobre el tema "Physics detectors"

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Villa, Francesco. Vertex Detectors. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988.

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Sem1conductor radiation detectors: Device physics. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Lutz, Gerhard. Semiconductor radiation detectors: Device physics. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Mandelis, Andreas. Physics, chemistry, and technology of solid state gas sensordevices. New York, NY: Wiley, 1993.

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Kleinknecht, Konrad. Detectors for particle radiation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Detectors for particle radiation. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Kleinknecht, K. Detectors for particle radiation. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Detectors for particle radiation. 2a ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Constantinos, Christofides, ed. Physics, chemistry, and technology of solid state gas sensor devices. New York: Wiley, 1993.

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C, Liu H., ed. Quantum well infrared photodetectors: Physics and applications. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Physics detectors"

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Bianchini, Lorenzo. "Particle Detectors". En UNITEXT for Physics, 107–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70494-4_2.

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Bethge, Klaus, Gerhard Kraft, Peter Kreisler y Gertrud Walter. "Detectors". En Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, 53–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08608-7_4.

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Pretzl, Klaus. "Cryogenic Detectors". En Particle Physics Reference Library, 871–912. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35318-6_19.

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Hilke, H. J. y W. Riegler. "Gaseous Detectors". En Particle Physics Reference Library, 91–136. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35318-6_4.

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Camilleri, Leslie. "Neutrino Detectors". En Particle Physics Reference Library, 337–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35318-6_8.

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Gilewsky, V. V., I. S. Satsounkevich, V. M. Dunin y A. S. Lobko. "Antineutrino Detectors". En Springer Proceedings in Physics, 237–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21970-3_17.

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Seiden, A. "B Physics at PEP and SLC". En Vertex Detectors, 19–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2545-9_2.

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Cerrito, Lucio. "Elements of Accelerator Physics". En Radiation and Detectors, 73–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53181-6_5.

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Poggiani, Rosa. "Detectors: General Characteristics". En UNITEXT for Physics, 39–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44729-2_4.

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Poggiani, Rosa. "Optical Astronomy: Detectors". En UNITEXT for Physics, 65–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44732-2_5.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Physics detectors"

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Ullom, J. N. "Physics and applications of NIS junctions". En LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS: Ninth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors. American Institute of Physics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1457613.

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Morello, Carlo. "Detectors for CR Physics". En 4th School on Cosmic Rays and Astrophysics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.118.0027.

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Renker, Dieter. "Photodetectors in high energy physics". En International Workshop on new Photon-Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.051.0001.

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Giubellino, P. "Silicon detectors". En Instrumentation in elementary particle physics. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361757.

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Nappi, E. "RICH detectors". En Instrumentation in elementary particle physics. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361758.

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Giubellino, P. "Silicon Detectors". En INSTRUMENTATION IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1604078.

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Nakamura, Kenzo. "Neutrino detectors". En Instrumentation in elementary particle physics. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55071.

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Altuzarra, Antonio Cerdeira. "Semiconductor detectors for medical applications". En MEDICAL PHYSICS. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.56380.

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Gersabeck, Marco. "LHCb Alignment Tracking and Physics Performance". En 19th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.113.0014.

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BRAU, James. "Detectors R&D". En European Physical Society Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.084.0018.

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Informes sobre el tema "Physics detectors"

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Battaglia, M., T. Barklow, M. Peskin, Y. Okada, S. Yamashita y P. Zerwas. Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mayo de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882830.

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KISER, MATTHEW. Pixel Array Germanium Detectors for Nuclear Physics:. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julio de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1637895.

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Brau, James E., Juan Fuster, Leah Hesla, Monika Illenseer, Perrine Royole-Degieux, Rika Takahashi, Barbara Warmbein, Sakue Yamada, Hitoshi Yamamoto y Min Zhang. International Linear Collider Physics and detectors: 2011 Status Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1406543.

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Brau, James, Juan Fuster, Leah Hesla, Monika Illenseer, Perrine Royole-Degieux, Rika Takahashi, Barbara Warmbein, Sakue Yamada, Hitoshi Yamamoto y Min Zhang. International Linear Collider Physics and detectors: 2011 Status Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1155818.

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Berger, E., M. Demarteau, J. Repond, L. Xia y H. Weerts. CLIC CDR - physics and detectors: CLIC conceptual design report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febrero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035023.

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Gidal, G., B. Armstrong y A. Rittenberg. Major detectors in elementary particle physics. Supplement revision May 1985. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mayo de 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5485185.

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Prettyman, T. H., D. J. Mercer, C. Cooper, P. A. Russo, M. Rawool-Sullivan, D. A. Close, P. N. Luke, M. Amman y S. Soldner. Physics-based generation of gamma-ray response functions for CDZNTE detectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/527538.

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Bodnarczuk, Mark. An Operational Approach to High-Energy Physics Detectors at Fermilab. 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1156274.

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Author, Not Given. Report of the HEPAP subpanel on major detectors in non-accelerator particle physics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mayo de 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5818166.

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Varner, R. L., J. L. Blankenship, J. R. Beene y R. A. Todd. Monolithic circuits for barium fluoride detectors used in nuclear physics experiments. CRADA final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febrero de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/672048.

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