Bibliografías temáticas / PMMA copolymers

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "PMMA copolymers"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "PMMA copolymers"

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Hook, Thomas J., Joseph A. Gardella y Lawrence Salvati. "Multitechnique surface spectroscopic studies of plasma-modified polymers II: H2O/Ar plasma-modified polymethylmethacrylate/polymethacrylic acid copolymers". Journal of Materials Research 2, n.º 1 (febrero de 1987): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0132.

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Results from the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS or LEIS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analyses are presented for unmodified and modified poly (methylmethacrylate)/poly (methacrylic acid) (PMMA/PMAA) copolymer films. Analyses of the unmodified PMMA/PMAA copolymer series, via ESCA, ISS, and FTIR, established the surface composition and functionality of the PMMA/PMAA copolymers before the H2O/Ar rf-plasma treatment was employed. The ESCA, ISS, and FTIR analysis of these modified PMMA/PMAA copolymers show that surface modification over a limited depth (50–200 Å) has occurred. The composition, bonding, and functionality changes of the surfaces are discussed. A two-step modification mechanism (surface reduction of the PMMA/PMAA copolymer followed by H2O adsorption) is proposed to interpret the spectroscopic results.
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Zhang, Xu Ming, Yu Zhang, Guo Jin y Li Li. "Surface Structure and Protein Resistance of PMMA/PS Copolymer Coatings". Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (diciembre de 2012): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.143.

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PMMA/PS copolymers were synthesized by radical polymerization techniques. And the 1H NMR results illustrate that the molar contents of PMMA are respectively 19%, 53%, 69% and 84%. The coatings of those PMMA/PS copolymers were prepared by spin-coating. The surface structures and protein resistance of copolymer coatings were investigated respectively by AFM and BSA absorption experiment. It is showed that the copolymer coating surfaces have micro-phase separation structure. Furthermore, with the increase in the PMMA content, the surface pattern changes from interpenetration network pattern to island structure that the PMMA-rich phase surrounded by the PS-rich phase. In addition, all coatings prepared in this study, especially the coating with PMMA content of 69%, have good resistance to BSA protein.
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3

Guan, Xinghua, Xiaoyan Ma, Hualong Zhou, Fang Chen y Zhiguang Li. "Synthesis and thermal decomposition kinetics of poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(styrene) block copolymers". Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, n.º 5 (14 de octubre de 2015): 691–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715610406.

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Two diblock copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate)- block-poly(styrene) with chlorine as terminal group (PMMA- b-PS-Cl) were synthesized via two-step atom transfer radical polymerization. The structures of the block copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography. Thermal properties including glass transition temperature ( Tg) and thermal stability were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The block copolymers of PMMA- b-PS-Cl exhibited two glass transitions, which were attributed to the Tgs of PMMA and PS segments, respectively. According to TGA, thermal decompositions of PMMA macro-initiator and PMMA- b-PS-Cl block copolymers had two stages. The weight loss ratio in the second stage was more significant than that in the first stage, which may be attributed to the separation of the halogen atom from the terminal group and the formation of a double bond. The breaking down of the backbone dominates in the second stage in which the weight loss ratio was more than 70%, represented the main stage of pyrolysis. It was found that the introduction of the PS chain remarkably enhanced the thermal stability of the copolymer, thus endowing the block copolymers high activation energy for thermal decomposition. On the other hand, the remaining two pyrolysis procedures further indicated that thermodynamic mechanism didn’t change due to the introduction of PS segments.
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4

Upadhyaya, Lakshmeesha, Mona Semsarilar, Rodrigo Fernández-Pacheco, Gema Martinez, Reyes Mallada, Isabel M. Coelhoso, Carla A. M. Portugal, João G. Crespo, André Deratani y Damien Quemener. "Nano-structured magneto-responsive membranes from block copolymers and iron oxide nanoparticles". Polymer Chemistry 8, n.º 3 (2017): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01870j.

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5

Zhu, Lin, Fang Chen, Xiaoyan Ma, Xiu Qiang, Zhiguang Li, Chen Dong y Duyang Zang. "Tadpole-Shaped POSS-Based Copolymers and the Aggregation Behavior at Air/Water Interface". Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3787843.

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The aggregation behavior of three tadpole-shaped Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) based block copolymers using different blocks poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) with different block sequence and ratio (POSS-PTFEMA161-b-PMMA236, POSS-PMMA277-b-PTFEMA130, and POSS-PMMA466-b-PTFEMA172) was investigated on the air-water interface. The interfacial rheology of three block copolymers was studied by surface pressure isotherm, compression modulus measurements, and compression and expansion hysteresis analysis on the Langmuir trough. The block sequence and ratio play a great role in self-assembly behavior at the interface. Based on surface pressure isotherm analysis, a thin film with low elasticity was achieved for the POSS-PTFEMA161-b-PMMA236. Moreover, for the block copolymer with same segment sequence (POSS-PMMA2-b-PTFEMA), the thin film compression capability is increased with increasing the PMMA ratio. The morphology of the deposited LB thin film was illustrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We observed that a thin film was composed by crater-shaped quasi-2D micelles for POSS-PTFEMA-b-PMMA, while it was proved that only flaky texture was observed for both POSS-PMMA277-b-PTFEMA130 and POSS-PMMA466-b-PTFEMA172. The thickness and area of flaky aggregates were greatly related to PMMA ratio. The different interface self-assembly structure evolution was proposed based on the interfacial rheology and thin film morphology studies.
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6

Zhou, Shi Biao, An Guo Xiao, Qing Yun Zheng, Kun Wang, Zhen Gan Chen, Wei Qing Zhang y Ai Ping Hao. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Nanocompo-Sites Prepared Using Elastomeric Copolymers and Nano-SiO2". Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (enero de 2012): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.513.

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Nanocomposites were obtained by mixing elastomeric copolymer and nanoSiO2 in double-screw extruder at 130-150°C, in which the elastomeric copolymer was prepared by copolymerization of poly (methyl methacrylate (PMMA) macromonomer and butyl acrylate (BA) in benzene using azobisisobutyro-nitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The results indicated that increasing the amount of PMMA, the molecular weight of PMMA and copolymers, nanosilica charged resulted in improving the tensile strength and modulus at 300% elongation of nanocomposites, on the contrary, decreasing ultimate elongation and permanent set decrease. In additions, the tensile strength and the modulus at 300% elongation of nanocomposites reached to a maximum while the mass ratio of nanoSiO2 to copolymer was 3%.
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7

Chang, Jun Jie, Hiroshi Niino, Shunsuke Chatani y Atsushi Goto. "Synthesis of block copolymers using poly(methyl methacrylate) with unsaturated chain end through kinetic studies". Polymer Chemistry 10, n.º 41 (2019): 5617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01367a.

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8

Huang, Chih-Feng y Feng-Chih Chang. "Comparison of hydrogen bonding interaction between PMMA/PMAA blends and PMMA-co-PMAA copolymers". Polymer 44, n.º 10 (mayo de 2003): 2965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00188-5.

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Gerding, Heinrich. "Fluorescein Staining of Intraocular Lenses". Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 235, n.º 04 (12 de marzo de 2018): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-124655.

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Abstract Background Recent case reports have indicated that intraocular lenses may be discoloured by systemically or locally applied fluorescein. Since very few data are available on the susceptibility of intraocular lenses to fluorescein, an experimental survey on lens discolouration was performed. Material and Methods Intraocular lenses fabricated from polmethylmethacrylate (PMMA), silicone, hydrophobic acrylic copolymers, and hydrophilic acrylic copolymers were exposed to 10% fluorescein. Staining effects were determined by standardised quantification of light transmission. Results Intraocular lenses fabricated from PMMA, silicone, or hydrophobic acrylic copolymer did not exhibit any measurable dye uptake after exposure to fluorescein. Intensive and rapid discolouration occurred in hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses. The transmission of blue light was reduced by 22% after 1 second and by 74% after 10 minutes of dye exposure. Conclusions The results indicate that hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses develop rapid and intensive discolouration and reduced light transmission after exposure to fluorescein. Lenses fabricated from other materials (PMMA, silicone, hydrophobic acrylic copolymers) were not discoloured by fluorescein staining.
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10

Tang, Er Jun, Miao Yuan, Liang Li, Feng Bian y Di Shun Zhao. "Synthesis of Microcrystalline Cellulose Grafting Poly (methyl methacrylate) Copolymers by ATRP in 1-Allyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride". Advanced Materials Research 621 (diciembre de 2012): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.157.

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The microcrystalline cellulose grafting polymethylmethacrylate (MCC-g-PMMA) copolymer was successfully synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using ethanediamine as ligand in Ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl). The MCC-g-PMMA was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, SEM and GPC spectroscopies. The results confirmed that the PMMA had been covalently bonded to cellulose backbone. The molecular weight of graft copolymers linearly increased during the polymerization and presented a low polydispersity.
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Tesis sobre el tema "PMMA copolymers"

1

CAVALCANTE, JONAS S. "Caracterizacao de copolimero reticulado, a base de acrilato e metacrilato obtido por fotopolimerizacao para aplicacao como guia de onda". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11396.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11309.pdf: 7140218 bytes, checksum: 17ffc993ade041612736ec8898fd9475 (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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2

Bier, Frédéric. "Conception et synthèse d’une matrice polymère thermoplastique pour l’obtention de matériaux composites recyclables, résistants au feu et utilisables dans l’industrie". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0040.

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De nouvelles matrices thermoplastiques à base de poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) pouvant entrer dans la composition de matériaux composites ont été synthétisées et caractérisées du point de vue de leur température de transition vitreuse (par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage) et de leur dégradation thermique (par analyse thermogravimétrique et par microcalorimétrie). La stratégie suivie était d’incorporer dans les chaînes de PMMA des unités de répétition comportant un groupement latéral phosphoré retardateur de flamme via une copolymérisation radicalaire du MMA avec un monomère phosphoré. Un ensemble de monomères phosphorés retardateurs de flamme ont été synthétisés à partir de l’oxyde de 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrène-10 (DOPO) en faisant varier la nature de la fonction polymérisable (styrénique, acrylique, méthacrylique), la nature de l’atome lié au phosphore (oxygène, carbone, azote) et la longueur du bras espaceur. Nous avons montré qu’en adaptant la structure et la quantité des unités de répétition phosphorées, la température de transition vitreuse du matériau était maintenue proche de celle du PMMA alors que la dégradation thermique des matériaux était déplacée vers de plus hautes températures. Comparativement les mélanges physiques de PMMA et de DOPO avec une même teneur en élément phosphore présentent une température de transition vitreuse significativement plus basse
Novel poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thermoplastic matrices which can be used in the elaboration of composite materials have been synthesized and characterized from the point of view of their glass transition temperature (by differential scanning calorimetry) and their thermal degradation (by thermogravimetric analysis and by pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry). The strategy followed was to incorporate in the PMMA chains repeat units comprising a flame retardant phosphorous side group via a radical copolymerization of MMA with a phosphorus-containing monomer. A set of phosphorus-containing flame retardant monomers has been synthesized from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10 oxide (DOPO) by varying the nature of the polymerizable function (styrenic, acrylic, methacrylic), the nature of the atom bound to the phophore (oxygen, carbon, nitrogen) and the length of the spacer arm. We have shown that by adapting the structure and the quantity of the phosphorus repeating units, the glass transition temperature of the material was kept close to that of the PMMA while the thermal degradation of the materials was shifted to higher temperatures. Comparatively, physical blends of PMMA and DOPO with equivalent phosphorus contents exhibited significantly lower glass transition temperatures
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3

Genoyer, Julie. "Compatibilization of PMMA/PS blends by nanoparticles and block copolymers : effect on morphology and interfacial relaxation phenomena". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10198/document.

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Ces travaux de thèse présentent une étude du mécanisme de compatibilisation induit par des nanoparticules d’argile dans les mélanges de polymères en utilisant la rhéologie. Pour cela, de la montmorillonite, la laponite et l’halloysite, modifiées ou non, ont été ajoutées à des mélanges PMMA/PS. Les résultats de rhéologie linéaire en cisaillement ont montré que le mécanisme de compatibilisation, particulièrement le phénomène de coalescence, dépendait beaucoup de la localisation des nanoparticules. La montmorillonite modifiée, présente à l’interface entre les polymères, est la plus efficace à inhiber la coalescence et est aussi efficace qu’un copolymère à bloc de haute masse molaire. Ceci est particulièrement intéressant car les nanoparticules d’argile représentent un coût moindre comparé aux copolymères à bloc. Dans ces travaux, une attention spéciale a été portée aux relaxations présentes dans les mélanges. En utilisant la rhéologie linéaire en cisaillement, un effet Marangoni a été mis en évidence pour la première fois dans le cas de nanoparticules d’argile modifiées présentes à l’interface. Enfin, les mélanges soumis à un flux élongationnel puis relaxation ont montré que la relaxation des gouttes de phase dispersée après une importante déformation était plus rapide par ajout d’argiles dispersées dans la matrice et ralentie par des argiles mieux dispersées soit à l’interface, soit dans l’ensemble du mélange
In this thesis, the compatibilization mechanism induced by clay nanoparticles in polymer blends was investigated using rheology. To do so, montmorillonite, laponite and halloysite, modified or not, were added to PMMA/PS blends. Linear shear rheology showed that the compatibilization mechanism, especially the coalescence phenomenon, was greatly influenced by the localization of clay nanoparticles. Modified montmorillonite, which was located at the interface, was shown to be the most efficient at inhibiting coalescence among clays and as efficient as a block copolymer with a high molecular mass. The latter is particularly interesting as nanoparticles are cheaper than block copolymers. In this work, special attention was given to relaxations happening in blends. Using linear shear rheology, Marangoni stresses due to a gradient in compatibilizer concentration at the interface was evidenced for the first time in the case of organically modified clay nanoparticles when located at the interface. Finally, submitting blends to elongational flow and subsequent relaxation showed that the relaxation of the droplets after high deformations was faster in the case of clays dispersed in the matrix and slowed down by the interfacial tension in the case of a better dispersion of clays at the interface or in the whole blend
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Ozlem, Gundogdu Suriye. "The Characterization Of Some Methacrylate And Acrylate Homopolymers, Copolymers And Fibers Via Direct Pyrolysis Mass Spectroscopy". Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615308/index.pdf.

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THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME METHACRYLATE AND ACRYLATE HOMOPOLYMERS, COPOLYMERS AND FIBERS VIA DIRECT PYROLYSIS MASS SPECTROSCOPY Ö
zlem Gü
ndogdu, Suriye Ph.D., Department of Polymer Science and Technology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jale Hacaloglu December 2012, 177 pages Poly(methyl methacrylate) possesses many desirable properties and is used in various areas. However, the relatively low glass transition temperature limits its applications in textile and optical-electronic industries. Monomers containing isobornyl, benzyl and butyl groups as the side chain are chosen to copolymerize with MMA to increase Tg and to obtain fibers with PMMA. In this work, thermal degradation characteristics, degradation products and mechanisms of methacrylate homopolymers, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(isobornyl methacrylate) and poly(benzyl methacrylate), acrylate homopolymers, poly(n-butyl acrylate), poly(t-butyl acrylate), poly(isobornyl acrylate), two, three and four component copolymers of MMA and fibers are analyzed via direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry. The effects of substituents on the main and side chains, the components present in the copolymers and fiber formation on thermal stability, degradation characteristics and degradation mechanisms are investigated. According to the results obtained, the depolymerization mechanism yielding mainly the monomer is the main thermal decomposition route for the methacrylate polymers, acrylate polymers degradation occurs by H-transfer reactions from the main chain to the carbonyl groups. However, when the alkoxy group involves
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5

He, Guping. "The Effect of Modified AuNPs on the Morphology and Nanostructure Orientation of PPMA-b-PMMA Block Copolymer Thin Films". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-154391.

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Block copolymer/inorganic nanoparticle hybrids draw great attention of scientists from various areas for their potential applications in diverse fields such as microelectronics, sensors, and solar cells. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) can be expected to be incorporated into block copolymers with order and selectivity by self-assembly of NPs and/or by synergistic self-assembly between NPs and block copolymers. The morphology and nanostructure order of block copolymers can be also adjusted and directed by incorporation of NPs. In this study, the effect of the size and modification of AuNPs on the morphology and nanostructure orientation of block copolymer PPMA-b-PMMA thin films were systematically investigated. The lateral BCP structure in thin films was improved by adding AuNPs. The controlled location of AuNPs in the BCP thin films depended on the particle size and stabilizing species. The re-orientation of cylindrical domains depended on the modification of AuNPs. PPMA-coated AuNPs, corresponding to the lower surface energy component of BCP, were powerful in directing the cylinders from parallel to perpendicular to the substrate. These results provide a general guide for other BCP/inorganic NP hybrid systems for desired morphology and nanostructure orientation.
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6

Dupayage, Ludovic. "Élaboration contrôlée de glycopolymères amphiphiles à partir de polysaccharide : synthèse de Dextrane-g-PMMA par polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d'atome". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL011N/document.

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De nouveaux glycopolymères amphiphiles en peigne de type dextrane-g-poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) ont été obtenus via une polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d’atome (ATRP). Pour contrôler les paramètres macromoléculaires de ces glycopolymères potentiellement biocompatibles et en partie biodégradables, la stratégie de synthèse « grafting from » a été sélectionnée et appliquée selon deux voies de synthèse. La première voie comporte quatre étapes : acétylation partielle des fonctions hydroxyle du dextrane ; introduction des groupements amorceurs d’ATRP ; ATRP contrôlée du méthacrylate de méthyle dans le diméthylsulfoxyde ; hydrolyse des groupements acétate dans des conditions douces. La seconde voie de synthèse permet d’obtenir ces glycopolymères en seulement deux étapes : introduction directe des groupements amorceurs d’ATRP sur le dextrane ; ATRP contrôlée du méthacrylate de méthyle dans le diméthylsulfoxyde. Des études détaillées de chaque étape ont permis à la fois d’estimer la longueur de la chaîne de dextrane et d’assurer le contrôle de l’architecture des glycopolymères (nombre et longueur des greffons). Des études préliminaires par tensiométrie interfaciale ont permit d’évaluer le caractère tensioactif de ces glycopolymères
Synthesis of the new comb-like amphiphilic glycopolymer dextran-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) was obtained thanks to an Atom Transfert Radical Polymerization (ATRP). In order to control the macromolecular parameters of these biocompatible and partly biodegradable glycopolymers, the “grafting from” strategy was applied using two different multi-step pathways. The first one is composed of four steps: partial acetylation of dextran hydroxyl groups; introduction of initiator groups convenient for ATRP; ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide; acetyl group deprotection under mild conditions. The second pathway allows us to obtain such glycopolymers in only two steps: direct introduction of the same initiator groups onto the dextran chain and subsequent ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide. Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step enabled us to estimate the length of the dextran backbone and to assure the control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Preliminary interfacial tension measurements highlighted the surfactant properties of such glycopolymers
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7

Bézard, Philippe. "Développement de procédés de gravure plasma innovants pour les technologies sub-14 nm par couplage de la lithographie conventionnelle avec l'approche auto-alignée par copolymère à blocs". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT007/document.

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Le coût de la poursuite de la miniaturisation des transistors en-dessous de 14 nm demande l’introductionde techniques moins onéreuses comme l’approche auto-alignée par copolymères à blocs (DSA) combinéeà la lithographie 193 nm. Etudiée principalement pour des motifs de tranchées (pour les FinFETs)ou de cylindres verticaux (pour les trous de contact, c’est ce cas qui nous intéressera), le polystyrène-bpolyméthylmétacrylate(PS-b-PMMA) est un des copolymères à blocs les plus étudiés dans la littérature,et dont la gravure présente de nombreux défis dûs à la similarité chimique des deux blocs PS et PMMA.Proposer une solution à ces défis est l’objet de cette thèse.Dans notre cas où le PS est majoritaire, le principe est d’obtenir par auto-organisation des cylindresverticaux de PMMA dans un masque de PS. Le PMMA est ensuite retiré par solvant ou par plasma,les motifs ainsi révélés dans le PS peuvent être alors transférés en utilisant ce dernier comme masque degravure. Une couche de copolymères statistiques PS-r-PMMA neutralise les affinités du PS/PMMA avecle substrat et permet l’auto-organisation.Un des problèmes majeurs est le contrôle des dimensions ; traditionnellement, le PMMA est retiré paracide acétique et le PS-r-PMMA gravé par plasma d’Ar/O2 qui aggrandit le diamètre des trous (CD)en consommant lattéralement trop de PS. Des temps de recuit acceptables pour l’Industrie donnent ausommet du masque de PS une forme de champignon induisant une dispersion importante des diamètresmesurés (~4-5 nm).Nos travaux montrent que la dispersion de CD peut être corrigée par plasma en facettant le sommetdes motifs. Dans un premier temps, un procédé de retrait du PMMA par plasma continu de H2N2 a étédéveloppé afin de s’affranchir des problèmes induits par l’acide acétique et les plasmas à base d’O2. Cecia permis de révéler des défauts d’organisation non rapportés dans la littérature à notre connaissance : desfilms de PS de quelques nanomètres peuvent aléatoirement se trouver dans le domaine du PMMA et ainsibloquer la gravure de certains cylindres. Afin de graver ces défauts sans perdre le contrôle des dimensions,un procédé composé d’un bain d’acide acétique et d’un plasma synchronisé pulsé de H2N2 à faible rapportde cycle et à forte énergie de bombardement a été mis au point. Il permet de retirer le PMMA, facetterle sommet du PS (ce qui réduit la dispersion de CD à moins de 2 nm), graver les défauts et la couche deneutralisation tout en limitant l’agrandissement des trous à moins d’un nanomètre. La dernière difficultévient des dimensions agressives et du rapport d’aspect important des trous de contact gravés. Afin delimiter la gravure latérale et la consommation des masques, des couches de passivation sont déposées surles flancs des motifs pendant la gravure mais à des échelles inférieures à 15 nm, ces couches de quelquesnanomètres sont trop épaisses et nuisent au contrôle des dimensions. Les plasmas doivent être alors moinspolymérisants et la création d’oxydes sur les flancs par ajout d’O2 doit être évitée.Enfin, les techniques de détermination des dimensions à partir d’images SEM ne sont plus assezrobustes à ces échelles. Afin d’en améliorer la robustesse, des algorithmes de reconstruction d’image etd’anti-aliasing ont été implémentés
Shrinking transistor’s dimensions below 14 nm is so expensive that lower-cost complementary techniquessuch as Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) combined with 193 nm-lithography are currently beingdeveloped. Either organized as trenches for the FinFET’s fin or vertical cylinders for contact holes(which is our case study), Polystyrene-b-polymethylmetacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) is a well-studied blockcopolymer but introduces challenging etching issues due to the chemical similarities between the PS andPMMA blocks. The aim of this thesis is to overcome those etching challenges.In our case where PS is the dominant phase, the principle of DSA is to obtain through self-assemblya pattern of vertical cylinders of PMMA inside a mask constituted of PS. PMMA is then removed eitherby solvent or plasma, revealing the patterns in the PS mask, which will be used as an etching mask forpattern transfer. In order to allow self-assembly, a thin brush layer of random copolymers PS-r-PMMAis used to neutralize the affinity of each phase with the substrate.One of the main issues with DSA is the control of the dimensions (CD control): usually, PMMAis dissolved in acetic acid bath and the brush layer is etched by an Ar/O2 plasma which increasesdramatically the pore’s diameter (CD) by laterally etching the PS. Short duration of thermal annealingsuitable for the Industry induces some “mushroom” shape at the top of the mask which consequentlyincreases the measured CD dispersion (~ 4-5 nm).Our work shows that CD uniformity can be corrected by faceting the top of the patterns throughplasma etching. As a first step, a dry-etch process for PMMA based on H2N2 chemistry has beendeveloped in order to free ourselves from acetic-acid’s and O2-based plasma’s issues. As far as we know,the discovered kind of defects has never been reported in the literature: few nanometer-thick films madeof PS can randomly be found in the PMMA’s domain, thus delaying the etching of random cylinders. Inorder to etch those defects without loosing the CD control, an other process constituted of an acetic acidbath followed by a synchronously-pulsed H2N2 plasma at low duty cycle and high bias power has beendeveloped. This process removes PMMA, facets the top of the PS features (decreasing CD dispersionbelow 2 nm), etches both the defects mentionned above and the brush layer without increasing thepores’ diameters by more than one nanometer. One last etching challenge comes from the aggressivedimensions and the high aspect ratio of the contact holes. In order to limit the lateral etching and themask consumption overall, passivation’s layer are usually deposed on the sidewall of the features duringthe etching process, but at dimensions below 15 nm, those layers are too thick and cause a CD control lossthough they are only few-nanometer thick. The polymerization’s capacity of plasmas has to be loweredat this scale and oxidized layer’s formation by adding O2 to the plasma chemistry has to be avoided.Last but not least, the techniques based on SEM images to determine the pore’s dimensions are notrobust enough at those scales. In order to gain in robustness, image reconstruction and anti-aliasingalgorithm have been implemented
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Muzeau, Elisabeth. "Etude des relaxations mécaniques alpha et bêta du PMMA, du PS et de leurs copolymères". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0042.

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Les relaxations mécaniques alpha et bêta de polymères morphes ont été étudiées par spectrométrie mécanique dynamique dans le but de comprendre le rapport entre les propriétés mécanique dynamique et la structure chimique des systèmes. Pour cela, les matériaux poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) et polystyrène (PS) ont été choisis ainsi que des copolymères de ces deux systèmes. L'analyse des spectres de relaxation bêta du PMMA a permis d'attribuer la distribution des temps caractéristiques à une distribution très large du facteur entropique ainsi qu'une distribution plus étroite du facteur étroite du facteur énergétique. L'analyse de la relaxation bêta des copolymères a mis en évidence deux composantes, la première liée à la relaxation des unités MMA et la seconde attribuée à la relaxation des unités S. Les résultats expérimentaux de relaxation alpha des copolymères présentent une relaxation principale unique dont les caractéristiques se situent entre celles du PMMA et du PS. La relaxation alpha du PMMA s'étend jusqu'à des température basses. La relaxation alpha de tous les matériaux et les effets de vieillissement physique sur cette relaxation ont été analysés sur la base d'une théorie moléculaire des défauts quasi-ponctuels, développée au laboratoire. Cette théorie rend compte de l'ensemble des résultats expérimentaux en apportant une interprétation physique aux phénomènes observés dans ces polymères. Un tel travail met en évidence la relation entre le comportement mécanique et l'architecture moléculaire des polymères
The alpha and beta mechanical relaxations of amorphous polymers have been studied by dynamic mechanical spectrometry in order to understand the relation between the mechanical properties and the chemical structure of the systems. Poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS) and their copolymers were selected for this study. The analysis of the beta-relaxation spectra of PMMA enabled us to attribute the distribution of relaxation times to a very bread distribution of the activation entropy and a narrower distribution of the activation energy. The analysis of the beta-relaxation of the copolymers showed that it consists of two components, the first of which is due to the MMA units relaxation, and the second due to the relaxation of styrene units. The results on the alpha-relaxation of the copolymers exhibit only one relaxation process, whose characteristics lie between those of PMMA and PS. The alpha-relaxation of PMMA spreads out to low temperatures. Alpha relaxation process of each of the polymers and the physical ageing effects on this relaxation have been analysed on the basis of the quasi point defect theory developed in the laboratory. The theory accounts for all the experimental results and further provides a physical interpretation of the observed phenomena in these polymers. Such a study provides evidence for the relation between the mechanical behaviour and molecular architecture of polymers
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Hayirlioglu, Arzu. "Directed Assembly of Block Copolymer Films Via Surface Energy Tunable Elastomers". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1399049231.

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Saraiva, Greice Kelle Viegas. "Caracterização de copolímeros e efeito da estrutura em sistemas biomiméticos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-23092015-143832/.

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Copolímeros, macromoléculas orgânicas ou inorgânicas com alta massa molar, consistem de unidades monômericas repetidas, unidas por ligações covalentes e que apresentam mais de um tipo de monômero. Neste trabalho estudamos três copolímeros constituídos por dois blocos distintos, isto é copolímeros dibloco, onde um dos blocos é constituído pelo polimetacrilato de metila, PMMA e o outro pelo polimetacrilato de N,N dimetilamino, PDMAEMA, e o homopolímero de PDMAEMA. A fórmula geral dos copolímeros dibloco estudados é PMMAm-b-PDMAEMAn onde o número de monômeros de cada bloco é representado pelos índices m e n. Os copolímeros PMMA1-b-PDMAEMA6,3 (MM, 54.200), PMMA1-b-PDMAEMA3,0 (MM 27.558), o PMMA1-b-PDMAEMA1,1 (MM 25.555) e o homopolímero PDMAEMA (MM 41.614,9) tiveram suas massas molares e a razão entre os monômeros de cada bloco caracterizados por cromatografia de gel permeação, GPC, e NMR. Determinamos a concentração micelar crítica (CMC) dos copolímeros e verificamos, por RMN e fluorescência, o efeito da concentração e do pH na sua agregação. A interação dos copolímeros com vesículas unilamelares grandes, LUVs, preparadas com misturas de fosfatidilcolina, PC, e fosfatidilglicerol, PG, foi estudada em diferentes condições de pH e força iônica. A interação dos polímeros com as LUVs também foi estudada medindo-se o diâmetro hidrodinâmico e potencial zeta das LUVs na presença dos polímeros. Observou-se que, quando a razão polímero/lipídio é alta, os polímeros se ligam às LUVs, neutralizando completamente a carga das vesículas. Quando a concentração de LUVs é próxima à dos polímeros, forma-se uma rede que conduz à agregação e precipitação dos complexos. Estudamos o efeito dos polímeros na permeabilização de LUVs e vesículas unilamelares gigantes (GUVs) preparadas com misturas de PC:PG. Os copolímeros permeabilizaram as LUVs, dependendo da razão polímero/lipídio, do pH, força iônica e das características hidrofóbicas e hidrofílicas de cada copolímero. Quanto maior a porcentagem de PG nas LUVs maior a interação com os copolímeros. A ligação dos copolímeros às LUVs deve produzir segregação dos fosfolipídios negativos na bicamada das LUVs (i.e., separação lateral de fases) facilitando a permeabilização das vesículas. Demonstramos que os copolímeros se ligam à superfície das GUVs modificando a sua forma e levando ao rompimento das vesículas. Estes efeitos foram modulados pelo pH e a força iônica do meio. O efeito de permeabilização dos copolímeros foi correlacionado com as razões entre os blocos hidrofóbicos e hidrofílicos. Quando o copolímero tem uma maior fração de PDMAEMA, o bloco mais hidrofílico do copolímero, este efeito é mais evidente. A porcentagem de permeabilização, após um tempo definido, para copolímeros de mesma massa molar, como o PMMA1-b-PDMAEMA3,0 (MM 27.558) e o PMMA1-b-PDMAEMA1,1 (MM 25.555), é muito maior com o copolímero com maior porção hidrofílica, o PMMA1-b-PDMAEMA3,0. O homopolímero DMAEMA também se mostrou eficiente na interação com as LUVs, porém menos que o PMMA1-b-PDMAEMA6,3.que possui maior numero de unidades DMAEMA e uma sequencia de monômeros de MMA. Demonstramos, nesta Tese, que o efeito de copolímeros sintéticos contendo regiões hidrofóbicas e hidrofílicas são bons modelos de peptídeos e proteínas permitindo avaliar quantitativamente o efeito dessas interações em modelos de membranas.
Copolymers are organic or inorganic macromolecules with high molecular weight, consisting of repeated monomer units joined by covalent bonds and exhibit more than one type of monomer. Here, we studied three copolymers consisting of two different blocks, i.e. diblock copolymers, where one block is constituted by methyl polymethacrylate, PMMA and other by polymethacrylate N, N-dimethylamino, PDMAEMA and a homopolymer PDMAEMA. The general formula of the diblock copolymers studied was PMMAm-b-PDMAEMAn where the number of monomers of each block is represented by indexes m and n. The PMMA1-b-PDMAEMA6,3 copolymers (MW, 54,200), PMMA1 PDMAEMA3,0-b (MW 27,558), the PMMA1 PDMAEMA1,1-b (MW 25,555) and PDMAEMA homopolymer (MW 41614.9) had their molecular weights and the ratio between the monomers of each block characterized by gel permeation chromatography, GPC, and NMR. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the copolymers was determined by fluorescence and the aggregation of the copolymers verified by NMR. The effect pH on the copolymers CMC was also determined. The interaction of copolymers with large unilamellar vesicles, LUV, prepared with mixtures of phosphatidylcholine, PC, and phosphatidylglycerol, PG, was studied under different conditions of pH and ionic strength. The interaction of the polymers with the LUVs was also studied measuring the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the LUVs in the presence of the polymers. It was observed that when the ratios polymer / lipid are high, the polymers bind to the LUVs, completely neutralizing the charge of the vesicles. When the concentration of LUVs is close to that of the polymers, it forms a network that leads to aggregation and precipitation of the complexes. We studied the effect of polymers in permeabilization LUVs and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) prepared with PC:PG. The copolymers permeabilized the LUVs, depending on the ratio polymer / lipid, pH, ionic strength and the hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics of each copolymer. The higher the percentage PG LUVs lead to greater interaction with the copolymers. The binding of the copolymers to the LUVs with negative charge induced phase separation of phospholipids in the bilayer of LUVs (ie, lateral phase separation) facilitating the permeability of the vesicles. We demonstrate that copolymers bind to the surface of GUVs changing its shape and leading to rupture of vesicles. These effects are modulated by pH and ionic strength of the media. The permeabilization effect of the copolymers was correlated with the ratios of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks. When the copolymer has a larger fraction of PDMAEMA, the more hydrophilic block copolymer, this effect is more evident. The percentage of permeabilization, after a set time, for the same molar mass copolymers such as b-PDMAEMA3,0 PMMA1 (MW 27,558) and PMMA1 PDMAEMA1,1-b (MW 25,555), is much more efficient with copolymer with greater hydrophilic portion, the b-PMMA1 PDMAEMA3,0. The DMAEMA homopolymer also proved efficient in interacting with the LUVs. We demonstrated that synthetic copolymers containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions are good models of peptides and proteins allowing quantitatively evaluate the effects of these interactions on model membranes
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Libros sobre el tema "PMMA copolymers"

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Moselhy, Jim. Fluorescence quenching and electronic energy transfer studies of PS-PMMA block copolymers in solution. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "PMMA copolymers"

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Hogen-Esch, T. E., J. R. Mason, B. J. Ladd, G. Helary y G. Belorgey. "Crosslinking of PMMA Elastomer Block Copolymers Through PMMA Stereocomplexes". En Advances in New Materials, 339–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3456-3_31.

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Chung, T. C., G. J. Jiang y D. C. Rhubright. "Synthesis of Polyolefin-PMMA Graft Copolymers". En New Advances in Polyolefins, 75–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2992-7_6.

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de Silva, K. G. Karnika y Michael V. Lewan. "Improving the morphology and properties of NR/NBR blends with NR/PMMA graft copolymers". En Blends of Natural Rubber, 68–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4922-8_6.

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Hallden-Abberton, Michael P. "The Preparation of Methyl Methacrylate/Methacrylic Anhydride Copolymers from PMMA and Dialkyl Amines via Reactive Extrusion". En Polymer Modification, 3–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1477-4_1.

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Han, Junwon y Chang Y. Ryu. "Effects of Solvent Quality and Pore Size on a Large Scale Purification of PS-b-PMMA Diblock Copolymers Using Nanoporous Silica". En ACS Symposium Series, 31–49. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1281.ch003.

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Weindler, J., F. Schirra, K. Ellinghaus, S. Spang y K. W. Ruprecht. "Postoperative Entzündungsreaktion nach Implantation einer Faltlinse aus hydrophilem PMMA-Copolymer". En 12. Kongreß der Deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für Intraokularlinsen-Implantation und refraktive Chirurgie, 218. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60015-9_42.

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"Nanophase-separated diblock copolymers: Structure investigations on PPMA-b-PMMA using X-ray scattering methods". En Eleventh European Powder Diffraction Conference, 485–90. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/9783486992588-076.

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"Synthesis and Properties of Ethylene Methacrylate (EMA) Copolymer Toughened Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Blends". En Functional Polymer Blends, 160–89. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11799-9.

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KOMURA, MOTONORI y TOMOKAZU IYODA. "Highly Regular Nanocylinder Structure of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer PEO-b-PMA(Az) Films and Its Templating Processes". En World Scientific Reference of Hybrid Materials, 253–83. World Scientific, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813270527_0005.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "PMMA copolymers"

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Morgado, J., A. L. Mendonça, A. Charas, J. Clark, G. Lanzani, L. Bazzana y A. Nocivelli. "Polyfluorene-PMMA copolymers for plastic optical fibers with gain". En Photonics Europe, editado por Paul L. Heremans, Michele Muccini y Eric A. Meulenkamp. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.781574.

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Li, Jianquan y Dan Mu. "Computer Simulation of The Inducing Effects on the Phase Morphology of PS-b- PMMA Copolymers". En 2nd International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccasm.2012.184.

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Wang, Chengqing, Gila E. Stein, August W. Bosse, Wen-li Wu, David G. Seiler, Alain C. Diebold, Robert McDonald, Amal Chabli y Erik M. Secula. "Line Edge Roughness of Directed Self-Assembly PS-PMMA Block Copolymers—A Candidate for Future Lithography". En FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2011. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3657907.

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Lawson, Richard A., Peter J. Ludovice y Clifford L. Henderson. "Development of realistic potentials for the simulation of directed self-assembly of PS-PMMA di-block copolymers". En SPIE Advanced Lithography, editado por Daniel J. C. Herr. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.879578.

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Chevalier, X., C. Nicolet, R. Tiron, A. Gharbi, G. Chamiot-Maitral, K. Jullian, P. Pimenta-Barros et al. "Self-assembly of high-resolutions PS-b-PMMA block-copolymers: processes capabilities and integration on 300mm track". En SPIE Advanced Lithography, editado por Douglas J. Resnick y Christopher Bencher. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2046313.

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An, Jihun, Byoung-Hyun Kang, Byoung-Ho Choi y Hyoung-Jun Kim. "Observation and Evaluation of Scratch Damage Characteristics of Injection Molded, Rubber Toughened Poly(Methylmethacrylate)". En ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63417.

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Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) is one of popular engineering polymers for many engineering applications such as glass substitutes, medical applications, electronic goods, optical fibers, laser disk optical media and so on. PMMA is a lightweight material with excellent optical properties and balanced mechanical properties. However, PMMA is commonly blended with various functional fillers, and rubber particles are one of them to improve the low impact toughness of unfilled PMMA comparing with other engineering polymers such as polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer and so on. PMMA is generally used to make exterior of a commercial product, so scratch characteristics of PMMA is very important in terms of the aesthetic point of view. In this paper, rubber toughened PMMA plates are prepared by injection molding, and static and progressive scratch tests are performed. Samples are prepared by various injection molding conditions, and two orientations (machine direction and transverse direction) of the injection molded plate are considered for scratch tests. Three scratch damage mechanism stages, i.e. mar/ploughing, whitening and cutting stages, are identified by observing the scratch damages and two critical loads to define the variation of scratch damage mechanisms are recorded to evaluate the scratch resistance of rubber toughened PMMA samples. Scratch damage characteristics are examined by various microscopy techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, optical profiler and so on. It is clearly observed that scratch damage characteristics of rubber toughened PMMA are changed sensitively for various test conditions due to rubber particles, so it can be known that the mold design should be carefully optimized to improve scratch characteristics of injection molded rubber toughened PMMA product.
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Cha, J. M., D. G. Won, E. H. Jeong, T. Arakawa, S. Shoji, K. C. Kim, J. S. Boo y J. S. Go. "Application of In-Channel Micro Chemical Plant to the Production of Functional Microcapsules". En ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41795.

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Polymeric microcapsules can be fabricated by using kernel process called “micro chemical plant system”. The size of microcapsules is more uniform than those made in the conventional pathways. Spherical microcapsules are fabricated through the innovative conjunction of the well-defined amphiphilic block copolymer and stable microfluidic procedure. Crossed microchannel chemical plant are fabricated by using double deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) on 400 μm-thick silicon wafer. The width and depth of this are 100 μm, respectively. PS-b-PMMA copolymer is synthesized by atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and molecular weight and poly dispersity index (PDI) is 9837 g/mol and 1.08, respectively. With the introduction of two immiscible fluids into the microchannel, droplet flows are visualized by using a high speed CCD camera. The microcapsule was formed due to supramolecular self-assembly of copolymer in the droplet. The characteristics of the produced microcapsules were measured by SEM. A new microfilter was also introduced to separate microcapsule from the suspension fluid.
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Barandiaran, Irati y Galder Kortaberria. "Morphological and magnetic properties of PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymer based nanocomposites". En 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045923.

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Alam, Md Mahbub, Yu-Rim Lee y Woo-Gwang Jung. "Patterns with PS-b-PMMA block copolymer on various substrates and their applications". En SPIE OPTO, editado por Manijeh Razeghi, Rengarajan Sudharsanan y Gail J. Brown. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.873512.

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Melander, Jennifer R., Rachel A. Weiler, Bradley D. Miller, Kathleen V. Kilway y J. David Eick. "Flexural Properties of Silorane Bone Cement". En ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53922.

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There has been little change in the formulation of bone cements since Sir John Charnley first developed them in the 1970s. Bone cements are methacrylate based systems packaged in two components [1]. The powder component contains a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), methyl methacrylate-styrene-copolymer, and a radio opacifier (either barium sulfate or zirconium oxide) [2]. The second component is a liquid monomer typically containing methyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (activator), and hydroquinone. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of bone cements range between 60–75 MPa and 2.2–3.3 GPa, respectively [3, 4]. ISO 5833 requires bone cements to have a strength greater than 50 MPa and a modulus greater than 1.8 GPa [5].
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