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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Probabilities Study and teaching"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 19 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Probabilities Study and teaching"

Fanshawe, Thomas R., Michael Power, Sara Graziadio, José M. Ordóñez-Mena, John Simpson, and Joy Allen. "Interactive visualisation for interpreting diagnostic test accuracy study results." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmed-2017-110862.

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Information about the performance of diagnostic tests is typically presented in the form of measures of test accuracy such as sensitivity and specificity. These measures may be difficult to translate directly into decisions about patient treatment, for which information presented in the form of probabilities of disease after a positive or a negative test result may be more useful. These probabilities depend on the prevalence of the disease, which is likely to vary between populations. This article aims to clarify the relationship between pre-test (prevalence) and post-test probabilities of disease, and presents two free, online interactive tools to illustrate this relationship. These tools allow probabilities of disease to be compared with decision thresholds above and below which different treatment decisions may be indicated. They are intended to help those involved in communicating information about diagnostic test performance and are likely to be of benefit when teaching these concepts. A substantive example is presented using C reactive protein as a diagnostic marker for bacterial infection in the older adult population. The tools may also be useful for manufacturers of clinical tests in planning product development, for authors of test evaluation studies to improve reporting and for users of test evaluations to facilitate interpretation and application of the results.

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Gorka, Artur, and Phantipa Thipwiwatpotjana. "The Importance of Fuzzy Preference in Course Assignment Problem." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/106727.

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This paper points out the importance of fuzzy preference by using a teaching course assignment problem as a case study. The model with fuzzy teaching preference provides a more satisfactory solution to a course assignment problem than assigning arbitrary weights. A method for improving a fuzzy membership function by using sensitivity analysis is devised. The method with fuzzy preferences is compared with a model using weighted probabilities.

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Chen, Xu, Bin Xu, Kunjie Yu, and Wenli Du. "Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization with Learning Enthusiasm Mechanism and Its Application in Chemical Engineering." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2018 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1806947.

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Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) is a population-based metaheuristic search algorithm inspired by the teaching and learning process in a classroom. It has been successfully applied to many scientific and engineering applications in the past few years. In the basic TLBO and most of its variants, all the learners have the same probability of getting knowledge from others. However, in the real world, learners are different, and each learner’s learning enthusiasm is not the same, resulting in different probabilities of acquiring knowledge. Motivated by this phenomenon, this study introduces a learning enthusiasm mechanism into the basic TLBO and proposes a learning enthusiasm based TLBO (LebTLBO). In the LebTLBO, learners with good grades have high learning enthusiasm, and they have large probabilities of acquiring knowledge from others; by contrast, learners with bad grades have low learning enthusiasm, and they have relative small probabilities of acquiring knowledge from others. In addition, a poor student tutoring phase is introduced to improve the quality of the poor learners. The proposed method is evaluated on the CEC2014 benchmark functions, and the computational results demonstrate that it offers promising results compared with other efficient TLBO and non-TLBO algorithms. Finally, LebTLBO is applied to solve three optimal control problems in chemical engineering, and the competitive results show its potential for real-world problems.

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Bako, IA, PO Agada, PM Utoo, and AJ Ikughur. "Bed-Occupancy Management in the Emergency Wards of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi using the Queuing Model." Journal of Epidemiological Society of Nigeria 1 (February 28, 2017): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jeson.15.

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Background: Patients who present at the Emergency Departments require specialized care and therefore should have access to beds, where necessary, in a timely manner. This study was aimed at using the queuing model to determine the optimal number of beds required for zero delay probability at the emergency wards of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria.  Methodology: The study used the M/G/C/C queuing model for bed optimization at the emergency wards. Information on arrival, length of stay and number of beds for each of the wards covering three years viz. 2014, 2015 and 2016 were obtained from the medical records department. The average arrival rate and average length of stay were used to determine the delay (blocking) probability and the other performance measures.  Results: The delay probabilities at the current bed capacities were 0.11, 0.069, 0.023 and 0.011 for the male, female, paediatric and gynaecology emergency wards respectively. The number of beds required for zero delay probabilities for the male, female, paediatric and gynaecology emergency wards were 16, 14, 14 and 6 respectively instead of the current number of beds: 8, 8, 9 and 4 respectively.  Conclusion: The study found that at the current bed capacity situation of the emergency wards of Benue State University Teaching Hospital, delay probabilities are on the average high. The model for the hospital emergency wards showed that the optimal bed capacities for Male, Female, Paediatric and Gynaecology Emergency wards are 16, 14, 14, and 6 respectively. The queuing model should be carried out at regular intervals across the wards and should be part of the management decision making processes of the hospital.

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Cooper, Darren, Steve Higgins, and Nadin Beckmann. "Online Instructional Videos as a Complimentary Method of Teaching Practical Rehabilitation Skills for Groups and Individuals." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 45, no. 4 (May 17, 2017): 546–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047239516669104.

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Online instructional videos are becoming increasingly common within education. This study adopts a quasi-experimental 2 × 2 crossover design (control and experimental groups) to evaluate the efficacy of instructional videos to teach practical rehabilitation skills. The students performed practical sessions in class and were formatively assessed by their lecturers. The results demonstrate that the group effect was moderate with an effect size of 0.68, CI [0.04, 1.31]; the magnitude-based inferences indicate the probabilities the video was beneficial or trivial or harmful were 93.9% or 5.4% or 0.6%. The results of the study demonstrate that the instructional videos had a small to moderate beneficial effect on all assessed criteria.

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Harshith N, Monica Muthamma P.P, Kanakavalli K, Kundury, and Sujay Mugaloremutt Jayadeva. "A Study on Assessing Staff and Patient Perception on Electronic Prescription in a tertiary care Teaching Hospital." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4242.

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Electronic Prescription Concept is very predominant to enhance digitalization and Automation in the healthcare sector. The Electronic prescription concept may require still more time for full-scale implementation in India. The main goal of the study was to know about current practices adopted in Paperless prescriptions and to survey the consciousness of Electronic prescription among staff and patient family members. The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Mysore for three months. Questionnaires were designed for both the hospital staff in Intensive care units (ICU’S) and Patient family members. The survey included the demographics characteristics such as name, age, gender, relation with the patient, and their knowledge and with the electronic prescription. The sample survey size was 120. The study outcomes say that the implementation of the electronic prescription system has gone well as it has an extended way to go, and it is a long-term asset. The study results provide probabilities for the changes in the structure and processing excellence, which is significant as the issues could affect the adequacy of new technology and the speed of flow within an organization.

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Al Tamimi, Abdul-Rehman. "The Effect of Using Ausubel's Assimilation Theory and the Metacognitive Strategy (K.W.L) in Teaching Probabilities and Statistics Unit for First Grade Middle School Students’ Achievement and Mathematical Communication." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n1p276.

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The study aimed to investigate the effect of using Ausubel's assimilation theory and the metacognitive strategy (K.W.L) in teaching statistics and probability unit for students of second grade – middle school students’ achievement and mathematical communication. The study sample consisted of 168 grade – middle school students in Hail. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups; the first (N=56) students and the second (N=56), and a control group (N=56). The first experimental group was studied using Ausubel's model; the second experimental group was studied using the metacognitive strategy (K.W.L); and the control group was studied using the conventional method. The research tools used in this study is an achievement test and scale for mathematical communication. The results showed that there were significant differences in achievement for the first and the second experimental group compared to the control group. Hence, this demonstrates the effectiveness of these two methods in teaching. The results showed statistically significant differences in mathematical communication due to the teaching methods. In addition, the second experimental group outperformed the first experimental group and the control group. The results also showed a statistically significant difference between pre-administration and the postadministration in favor of the post-administration for the three research groups. Further recommendations were suggested for future research.

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Ejiofor, Kingsley E. "Designers project: Afrotouch Brands." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2016-0149.

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Subject area Entrepreneurship, Analysis of business problems. Study level/applicability Masters in business administration, Entrepreneurship management. Case overview The CEO of Afrotouch Brands, Mr Emeka Emmanuel, must decide what level of investment his company would need to implement to increase its market share and revenue, thus ensuring adequate business competitiveness. Afrotouch Brands was among the leading names in gift items and indoor furniture in Nigeria. Despite the business main outlet in Victoria Island, the highbrow commercial centre in the city of Lagos, it has other high-profile outlets in Port-Harcourt and Abuja. From the very beginning, Afrotouch Brands attracted a lot of well discerning individuals who patronized the business based on the quality, the wide variety, the uniqueness and the lovely ambience of the showroom. The case describes the various investment alternatives needed for business expansion and discusses the probabilities of possible outcomes. Afrotouch Brands could maintain the medium scale indoor furniture they are currently doing, embark on a large aggressive investment to expand the indoor medium scale furniture to a large scale, maintain their business strategy in gift items and accessories or invest in outdoor furniture manufacturing. The challenge is to decide which of these alternative investment strategies the company should undertake in view of the associated levels of risk and uncertainty inherent in their implementation. Expected learning outcomes This case study teaches students the following: fundamentals of decision trees construction; calculating and understanding expected monetary values; assessing probabilities; determination of risk profiles for each decision alternative; display of risk profiles graphically; and identification of business alternatives. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

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Pitukhin, Evgeny A., and Olga A. Zyateva. "Analysis of the dynamics of the publication activity of the university in terms of employee categories." Perspectives of Science and Education 52, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.4.37.

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Introduction. In recent years, the goal of the state policy in the field of science and higher education was to make the universities occupy competing positions in international assessment systems, including scientific potential. Therefore, the universities need constructive solutions able to ensure the growth of the corresponding indicators. The purpose of the research is to analyze the dynamics of the publication activity of the university staff. Materials and methods. Data on the number of publications of university employees in the world's leading scientometric databases Web of Science and Scopus for the period from 2000-2020 served as the research materials. The study used classification, descriptive statistics and comparative data analysis. Research results. The categories of the teaching staff were determined, which to a greater extent affect the publication activity of the institution as a whole. As a result of a comparative analysis, all employees were divided into four categories according to the type of work (full-time teaching staff, external part-time workers, internal part-time workers and non-teaching staff), as well as into 6 groups depending on the number of publications ("0", "1-2", "3-4","5-6","7-8", "> 9"). The probabilities were calculated and matrices of statistical estimates of the transitions of employees of various categories from one group to another for each status were formed (the employees who continue to work at the university, newly hired or dismissed during the year). It was revealed that the drivers of scientific activity are the full-time teaching staff, except for those included in the group "0". Discussion and conclusion. The obtained matrices of transition probabilities will form the basis for modeling the number of employees in various groups and predicting the total number of publications of an institution. As a result, it will be possible not only to predict the total number of articles of the university while maintaining current trends, but also to consider various management scenarios in order to improve efficiency and meet the goals of the institution. This will help universities not only conduct self-analysis, but also manage the performance indicators of the institutions and departments, in terms of the growth of publication activity results.

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Stolz, Jörg, and Anaïd Lindemann. "The Titanic Game: Introducing Game Heuristics to Mixed Methods Theorizing and Data Analysis." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 14, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 522–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689819885723.

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Despite tremendous interest in social games and game studies, the potential of game heuristics for the field of mixed methods remains unknown. This article introduces game heuristics to mixed methods research, showing how it was used in a specific study on the survival probabilities on the Titanic. Specifically, we describe how game heuristics was used to create the explanandum, code and interpret the qualitative material, and set up and interpret the quantitative model. Furthermore, we show and explicate how game heuristics was used to construct seven types of meta-inferences. The Titanic data set is especially interesting, since it is routinely used for statistical mono-method teaching; however, it can be shown that a mixed methods approach leads to a better explanation.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Probabilities Study and teaching"

Callahan, Philip. "Learning and development of probability concepts: Effects of computer-assisted instruction and diagnosis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184873.

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This study considered spontaneous versus feedback induced changes in probability strategies using grouped trials of two-choice problems. Third and sixth grade Anglo and Apache children were the focus of computer assisted instruction and diagnostics designed to maximize performance and measure understanding of probability concepts. Feedback, using indeterminate problems directed at specific strategies, in combination with a large problem set permitted examination of response latency and hypothesis alternation. Explicit training, in the form of computer based tutorials administered feedback as: (a) correctness and frequency information, (b) mathematical solutions, or (c) in a graphical format, targeted by weaknesses in the prevailing strategy. The tutorials encouraged an optimal proportional strategy and sought to affect the memorial accessibility or availability of information through the vividness of presentation. As the subject's response selection was based on the query to select for the best chance of winning, each bucket of the two-choice bucket problems was coded as containing target or winner (W) balls and distractor or loser (L) balls. Third and sixth grade subjects came to the task with position oriented strategies focusing on the winner or target elements. The strategies' sophistication was related to age with older children displaying less confusion and using proportional reasoning to a greater extent than the third grade children. Following the tutorial, the subjects displayed a marked decrease in winners strategies deferring instead to strategies focusing on both the winners and losers; however, there was a general tendency to return to the simpler strategies over the course of the posttest. These simpler strategies provided the fastest response latencies within this study. Posttest results indicated that both third and sixth grade subjects had made comparable gains in the use of strategies addressing both winners and losers. Based on the results of a long-term written test, sixth grade subjects appeared better able to retain or apply the knowledge that both winners and losers must be considered when addressing the two-choice bucket problems. Yet, for younger children, knowledge of these sophisticated strategies did not necessarily support generalization to other mathematical skills such as fraction understanding.

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Mastropaulo, Neto Vicente 1969. "Combinatória e probabilidade com aplicações no ensino de geometria." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306097.

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Orientador: Antônio Carlos do Patrocinio Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T09:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MastropauloNeto_Vicente_M.pdf: 1971257 bytes, checksum: 1c78e3e9085d370b2a40221cbcfe39a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 Resumo: Este trabalho aborda o tema Combinatória e Probabilidade com aplicações no ensino de Geometria e tem como objetivo principal servir de apoio aos professores de Matemática da escola básica, fornecendo sugestões para a elaboração de problemas que reúnem conteúdos distintos do currículo, tomando Combinatória e Probabilidade como temas centrais. Os problemas aqui apresentados são voltados ao 3º ano do Ensino Médio e devem ser aplicados, preferencialmente, no quarto bimestre, no intuito de promover uma revisão geral, com ênfase em problemas de Geometria. Apresentamos inicialmente uma contextualização histórica da teoria das probabilidades, além da origem da probabilidade geométrica através do clássico problema da agulha de Buffon. Prosseguimos com uma fundamentação teórica e algumas aplicações dos temas centrais, Combinatória e Probabilidade, e concluímos com uma sequência didática aplicada em sala de aula com doze problemas que relacionam os princípios elementares de Combinatória e Probabilidade aos conceitos básicos de Geometria Plana, Geometria Espacial e Geometria Analítica Abstract: This paper approaches the topic of Combinatorics and Probability with applications to the teaching of Geometry and has as its main objective to serve as support to Elementary School mathematics teachers, providing them with suggestions to elaborate problems which gather different contents of the curriculum, taking Combinatorics and Probability as their main topics. The problems presented here are thought for the 3rd grade of high school and must be preferably applied during the fourth bimester, aiming to promote a general review, with emphasis on Geometry problems. We initially present a historical contextualization of the probability theory besides the origin of geometric probability through Buffon's needle classic problem. Next we continue with a theoretical fundamentation and some applications of the central topics, Combinatorics and Probability, and then we conclude with a didactic sequence used in classroom with twelve problems which associate the main principles of Combinatorics and Probability with the basic concepts of Plane Geometry, Spatial Geometry and Analytical Geometry Mestrado Matemática em Rede Nacional - PROFMAT Mestre em Matemática em Rede Nacional - PROFMAT

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Dolor, Jason Mark Asis. "Investigating Statistics Teachers' Knowledge of Probability in the Context of Hypothesis Testing." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4030.

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In the last three decades, there has been a significant growth in the number of undergraduate students taking introductory statistics. As a result, there is a need by universities and community colleges to find well-qualified instructors and graduate teaching assistants to teach the growing number of statistics courses. Unfortunately, research has shown that even teachers of introductory statistics struggle with concepts they are employed to teach. The data presented in this research sheds light on the statistical knowledge of graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) and community college instructors (CCIs) in the realm of probability by analyzing their work on surveys and task-based interviews on the p-value. This research could be useful for informing professional development programs to better support present and future teachers of statistics.

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Silva, Danilo Saes Corrêa da. "Letramento estocástico: uma possível articulação entre os letramentos estatístico e probabilístico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21283.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-27T13:30:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Saes Corrêa da Silva.pdf: 1860021 bytes, checksum: d63b0b3a3c442de33a36d490a793b1e4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T13:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Saes Corrêa da Silva.pdf: 1860021 bytes, checksum: d63b0b3a3c442de33a36d490a793b1e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-19 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The growing dissemination of news, driven by social networks, makes society need to be increasingly critical. And it is within this context that Statistical Education can play an important role in the formation of this society, since it is possible for this Education to facilitate the formation of a more critical society, since the Statistical and Probabilistic Literacy help in this framing. Our general objective is to analyze which elements of Statistical Letting and Probabilistic Literacy are worked with students of the sixth year of elementary school and study the possible articulation among them through activities that involve critical posture for data analysis. During our studies we indicate how points in agrément can promote a new Literacy, the Stochastic Letters. In order to analyze how these two Literacies interact and articulate with the students, we performed an activity, based on assumptions of Didactic Engineering, which consisted in the launching addicted dice and construction of graphs to verify the relative frequency associated with each of the faces, so as to aid in the learning of Frequency Probability. To verify the critical posture of the students were inserted in the activity some addicted dice, resulting in non-equiprobable launches. The results of the activity pointed to some points in common in the Statistical and Probabilistic Literacy, such as the importance of working on Statistics and Probability concomitantly, and the relevance of working with dice, which are elements of the students' familiarity, which are the context of the students, we also indicate some difficulties encountered, such as the absence of verification of non-equipotentiality A crescente divulgação de notícias, impulsionada pelas redes sociais, faz com que a sociedade necessite ser cada vez mais crítica. E é dentro desse contexto que A Educação Estatística pode ter papel importante na formação dessa sociedade, visto que há a possibilidade dessa Educação facilitar na formação de uma sociedade mais crítica, já que os Letramentos Estatístico e Probabilístico auxiliam nessa construção. Nosso objetivo geral é analisar quais elementos do Letramento Estatístico e do Letramento Probabilístico são trabalhados com alunos do sexto ano do ensino fundamental e estudar a possível articulação entre eles por meio de atividades que envolvam postura crítica para análise de dados. Durante nossos estudos indicamos de que forma pontos consonantes podem promover um novo Letramento, o Letramento Estocástico. Para analisar a forma como esses dois Letramentos interagem e se articulam com os alunos, realizamos uma atividade, baseada em pressupostos da Engenharia Didática, que consistiu no lançamento de dados cúbicos e construção de gráficos para a verificação da frequência relativa associada à cada uma das faces, para assim auxiliar na aprendizagem da Probabilidade Frequentista. Para a verificação da postura crítica dos alunos foram inseridos na atividade alguns dados viciados, resultando em lançamentos não equiprováveis. Os resultados da atividade apontaram para alguns pontos em comum nos Letramentos Estatístico e Probabilístico, como a importância de se trabalhar a Estatística e a Probabilidade de forma concomitante, e a relevância de se trabalhar com dados, que são elementos do convívio dos alunos, aprimorando levantamentos que são do contexto dos estudantes, indicamos também algumas dificuldades encontradas, como a ausência da verificação da não-equiprobabilidade

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Rodrigues, Marcelo Rivelino. "Estudo sobre as concepções de professores do ensino básico em relação à aleatoriedade e probabilidade." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21289.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-30T12:25:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Rivelino Rodrigues.pdf: 4565631 bytes, checksum: 768cc5f53630e3bfa212a133d70cbecf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T12:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Rivelino Rodrigues.pdf: 4565631 bytes, checksum: 768cc5f53630e3bfa212a133d70cbecf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-16 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Probabilistic knowledge is relevant to life in society, since well-founded decision-making can help provide a competitive edge both in the labor market and daily life. The present study investigated the conceptions of probability and randomness held by basic education teachers when faced with questions that address these topics. Data were collected from 41 sixth- do ninth-grade Brazilian teachers who responded to “Probabilistic Concepts Questionnaire”, applied to reveal the conceptions of probability held by the group. The multidimensional data were interpreted by subjecting the teachers’ responses to implicative and cohesive analysis, using Hierarchical, Implicative, and Cohesive Classification (CHIC) software, which yielded cohesion and implication graphs of the relationships operating among the variables investigated. The categorizations delineated by Azcárate and Cardeñoso for conceptions of probability, as well as the definition of probabilistic literacy formulated by Gal, provided the theoretical framework for the study. Two official educational guidelines—the Brazilian Curricular Guidelines (locally referred to as PCN) and the Brazilian Common Curricular Basis (BNCC)—were compared to detect similarities and pinpoint changes made to these documents with regard to the teaching of probability in basic education. In addition, Chevallard’s Anthropological Theory of the Didactic was employed to identify the types of tasks, techniques, and theories present in a mathematics textbook series approved by the National Textbook Program (PNLD). The analysis evidenced the probabilistic conceptions held by the participants, in the dimensions of randomness and probability. Four groups were identified in each dimension. Dimension randomness: deterministic; causality; multiplicity; uncertainty. Probability dimension: indefinite; causality; deterministic; uncertainty; subjectivity. The analysis evidenced the probabilistic conceptions held by the participants, in the dimensions of randomness and probability. In the randomness dimension, six groups of conceptions were identified: determinism; causality; multiplicity; uncertainty; standard; undefined. The probability dimension comprised five groups: causality; determinism; uncertainty; contingency; personalist. The investigation shed light on the conceptions of probability held by the participants, allowing probabilistic literacy levels to be categorized Os conhecimentos probabilísticos mostram-se relevantes na vida em sociedade, pois cada vez mais as tomadas de decisão criteriosas apresentam-se como um dos diferenciais no mercado de trabalho, bem como em nosso dia a dia. Por esta razão, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as concepções de probabilidade e aleatoriedade de professores que atuam no ensino básico, quando estes se defrontam com questões que envolvem tais temas. Para a coleta de dados, aplicou-se o instrumento de pesquisa “Questionário de Concepções Probabilísticas”, a 41 professores do ensino fundamental II (6º ao 9º ano), visando identificar as concepções probabilísticas apresentadas por este grupo. Como metodologia, optou-se pela análise de dados multidimensionais, aplicando-se análise implicativa e coesitiva às respostas dos professores, utilizando software de Classificação Hierárquica, Implicativa e Coesitiva (CHIC), que gerou grafos de coesão e de implicação das relações entre as variáveis observadas. Para fundamentar o estudo, apoiamo-nos nas categorizações de concepções probabilísticas de Azcárate e de Cardeñoso e na definição de letramento probabilístico proposta por Gal. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram analisados documentos oficiais como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) e Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) para observação de semelhanças, e possíveis evoluções na passagem do 1º para o 2º documento, no que tange às orientações para a abordagem do tema probabilidade no ensino básico. Também se analisou uma coleção de livros didáticos aprovada pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), com o objetivo de identificar, à luz da Teoria Antropológica do Didático, os tipos de tarefas, técnicas, tecnologias e teorias presentes nas atividades propostas na coleção. As análises permitiram identificar as concepções probabilísticas que emergiram dos participantes, nas dimensões aleatoriedade e probabilidade. Na dimensão aleatoriedade seis grupos foram identificados: determinista; causalidade; multiplicidade; incerteza; padrão; indefinidos. A dimensão probabilidade compreendeu cinco grupos: causalidade; determinista; incerteza; contingência; personalista. Destaca-se, ainda, que as análises possibilitaram categorizar os níveis de letramento probabilístico

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Truran, J. M. "The teaching and learning of probability, with special reference to South Australian schools from 1959-1994." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht872.pdf.

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Crestani, Fabio A. "A study of the kinematics of probabilities in information retrieval." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/38980/.

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In Information Retrieval (IR), probabilistic modelling is related to the use of a model that ranks documents in decreasing order of their estimated probability of relevance to a user's information need expressed by a query. In an IR system based on a probabilistic model, the user is guided to examine first the documents that are the most likely to be relevant to his need. If the system performed well, these documents should be at the top of the retrieved list. In mathematical terms the problem consists of estimating the probability P(R | q,d), that is the probability of relevance given a query q and a document d. This estimate should be performed for every document in the collection, and documents should then be ranked according to this measure. For this evaluation the system should make use of all the information available in the indexing term space. This thesis contains a study of the kinematics of probabilities in probabilistic IR. The aim is to get a better insight of the behaviour of the probabilistic models of IR currently in use and to propose new and more effective models by exploiting different kinematics of probabilities. The study is performed both from a theoretical and an experimental point of view. Theoretically, the thesis explores the use of the probability of a conditional, namely P(d → q), to estimate the conditional probability P(R | q,d). This is achieved by interpreting the term space in the context of the "possible worlds semantics". Previous approaches in this direction had as their basic assumption the consideration that "a document is a possible world". In this thesis a different approach is adopted, based on the assumption that "a term is a possible world". This approach enables the exploitation of term-term semantic relationships in the term space, estimated using an information theoretic measure. This form of information is rarely used in IR at retrieval time. Two new models of IR are proposed, based on two different way of estimating P(d → q) using a logical technique called Imaging. The first model is called Retrieval by Logical Imaging; the second is called Retrieval by General Logical Imaging, being a generalisation of the first model. The probability kinematics of these two models is compared with that of two other proposed models: the Retrieval by Joint Probability model and the Retrieval by Conditional Probability model. These last two models mimic the probability kinematics of the Vector Space model and of the Probabilistic Retrieval model. Experimentally, the retrieval effectiveness of the above four models is analysed and compared using five test collections of different sizes and characteristics. The results of this experimentation depend heavily on the choice of term weight and term similarity measures adopted. The most important conclusion of this thesis is that theoretically a probability transfer that takes into account the semantic similarity between the probability-donor and the probability-recipient is more effective than a probability transfer that does not take that into account. In the context of IR this is equivalent to saying that models that exploit the semantic similarity between terms in the term space at retrieval time are more effective that models that do not do that. Unfortunately, while the experimental investigation carried out using small test collections provide evidence supporting this conclusion, experiments performed using larger test collections do not provide as much supporting evidence (although they do not provide contrasting evidence either). The peculiar characteristics of the term space of different collections play an important role in shaping the effects that different probability kinematics have on the effectiveness of the retrieval process. The above result suggests the necessity and the usefulness of further investigations into more complex and optimised models of probabilistic IR, where probability kinematics follows non-classical approaches. The models proposed in this thesis are just two such approaches; other ones can be developed using recent results achieved in other fields, such as non-classical logics and belief revision theory.

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Vernersson, Anton. "On Probabilities and Value : A study of decision-making under risk." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108008.

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Alcorn, Rhona Jayne. "Pronouns, prepositions and probabilities : a multivariate study of Old English word order." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5496.

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It is widely accepted that Old English personal pronouns often turn up in ‘special’ positions, i.e. positions in which functionally equivalent nominals rarely, if ever, appear. Leading theories of Old English syntax (e.g. van Kemenade 1987, Pintzuk 1991, 1996, Hulk & van Kemenade 1997, Kroch & Taylor 1997) account for the syntax of specially placed pronouns in different ways, but all treat special placement as a freely available option. Focusing on pronominal objects of prepositions in particular, this thesis shows, firstly, that current theories fail to account for the variety of special positions in which these pronouns appear and argues that at least three special positions must be recognised. The central concern of this thesis, however, is whether special placement is the freely available option that leading theories assume. Drawing on evidence from a number of descriptive studies of the syntax of pronominal objects of prepositions (e.g. Wende 1915, Taylor 2008, Alcorn 2009), statistical evidence is presented to show that, in a number of contexts, the probability of special placement is either too high or else too low to be plausibly ascribed to free variation. The thesis explores the linguistic basis of each of the statistically significant parameters identified, finding answers in some cases and intriguing puzzles in others.

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Hicks, Tyler Aaron. "What You Know Counts: Why We Should Elicit Prior Probabilities from Experts to Improve Quantitative Analysis with Qualitative Knowledge in Special Education Science." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5493.

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Qualitative knowledge is about types of things, and their excellences. There are many ways we humans produce qualitative knowledge about the world, and much of it is derived from non-quantitative sources (e.g., narratives, clinical experiences, intuitions). The purpose of my dissertation was to investigate the possibility of using Bayesian inferences to improve quantitative analysis in special education research with qualitative knowledge. It is impossible, however, to fully disentangle philosophy of inquiry, methodology, and methods. My evaluation of Bayesian estimators, thus, addresses each of these areas. Chapter Two offers a philosophical argument to substantiate the thesis that Bayesian inference is usually more applicable in education science than classical inference. I then moved on, in Chapter Three, to consider methodology. I used simulation procedures to show that even a minimum amount of qualitative information can suffice to improve Bayesian t-tests' frequency properties. Finally, in Chapter Four, I offered a practical demonstration of how Bayesian methods could be utilized in special education research to solve technical problems. In Chapter Five, I show how these three chapters, taken together, evidence that Bayesian analysis can promote a romantic science of special education - i.e., a non-positivistic science that invites teleological explanation. These explanations are often produced by researchers in the qualitative tradition, and Bayesian priors are formal mechanism for strengthening quantitative analysis with such qualitative bits of information. Researchers are also free to use their favorite qualitative methods to elicit such priors from experts.

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Libros sobre el tema "Probabilities Study and teaching"

(Firm), J. Weston Walch, ed. Probability. Portland, ME: J. Weston Walch, 1998.

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Gates, Peter. Preparing to teach probability. Milton Keynes: Centre for Mathematics Education, Open University, 1989.

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Zawojewski, Judith S. Dealing with data and chance. Reston, Va: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1991.

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Phillips, Elizabeth Difanis. Probability. Menlo Park, Calif: Addison-Wesley, 1986.

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Hopfensperger, Patrick. Probability through data: Interpreting results from frequency tables. White Plains, N.Y: Dale Seymour, 1999.

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Lappan, Glenda. How likely is it?: Probability. Needham, Mass: Prentice Hall, 2004.

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Djang, Fred C. Applications of geometrical probability. Arlington, Mass: Consortium for Mathematics and Its Applications, Inc. (COMAP), 1988.

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Djang, Fred C. Applications of geometrical probability. Arlington, Ma: COMAR, 1988.

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Burns, Marilyn. Probability, grades 3-4. Sausalito, CA: Math Solutions Publications, 1995.

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Cuomo, Celia. In all probability: Investigations in probability and statistics ; teacher's guide. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, 1993.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Probabilities Study and teaching"

Chernoff, Egan J., Ilona Vashchyshyn, and Heidi Neufeld. "Comparing the Relative Probabilities of Events." In Teaching and Learning Stochastics, 277–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72871-1_16.

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Rossi, P., X. Wu, F. Maou, and A. Belloc. "Experimental Study on the Scale Effect on Concrete in Tension." In Probabilities and Materials, 131–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1142-3_14.

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Profeta, Christophe, Bernard Roynette, and Marc Yor. "Study of Last Passage Times up to a Finite Horizon." In Option Prices as Probabilities, 115–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10395-7_5.

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Ikpeze, Chinwe H. "Self-Study." In Teaching across Cultures, 13–28. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-983-8_2.

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Leland, Christine H., Mitzi Lewison, and Jerome C. Harste. "Language Study." In Teaching Children's Literature, 97–116. Second Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315269627-5.

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Landín, Pedro, and Jesús Salinas. "Students’ Reasoning About Sample Space and Probabilities of Compound Events." In Teaching and Learning Stochastics, 241–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72871-1_14.

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Böcherer-Linder, Katharina, Andreas Eichler, and Markus Vogel. "Visualising Conditional Probabilities—Three Perspectives on Unit Squares and Tree Diagrams." In Teaching and Learning Stochastics, 73–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72871-1_5.

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Block, Alan A. "Study and Benevolence." In Ethics and Teaching, 135–56. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230619777_7.

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Semenza, Gregory M. Colón. "Teaching." In Graduate Study for the Twenty-First Century, 102–34. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979346_7.

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Semenza, Gregory M. Colón. "Teaching." In Graduate Study for the Twenty-First Century, 116–48. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230105805_7.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Probabilities Study and teaching"

Medina, José Manuel, Tatiana Herreros, Pamela De Barca, and Carolina Crovetto. "PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL REINTEGRATION PROCESSES: A CASE STUDY IN CHILE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end046.

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In Chile, despite the great coverage achieved, there are still children and adolescents who leave school without being able to complete 12 years of compulsory education (Casen, 2015); moreover, among the countries that make up the OECD, Chile is in the first places of deschooling (TALIS, 2013). This marginalization from the school system is affecting a significant number of children and hindering areas of integration and social development, which accentuates processes of social exclusion and violation of rights in Chile (Casen, 2015; Mide-UC, 2016; Mineduc, 2017). This is reinforced by pedagogical practices that strengthen these probabilities of failure (Román, 2013). The phenomenon of school reintegration has little evidence in relation to the human and technical component in school reintegration processes, either locally (Mide-UC, 2016; UNESCO-UNICEF-Chilean Association of Municipalities, 2012), or internationally (CEPAL, 2010; Contreras et al, 2014; Sucre, 2016), which implies observing and analyzing pedagogical intervention practices in these contexts, in terms of how these dialogical-reflective relational dynamics between teachers and children and adolescents are developed, from the perspective of pedagogical interactions, an area of growing interest in educational sciences, which looks at more than the action itself, at how and what happens in the interaction. (Colomina et al, 2001) This research from a qualitative, transactional approach, oriented from the perspective of descriptive studies (Hernández,et al, 2010) and enriched with the symbolic interactionism of Blumer (1969), whose contributions indicate that the nature of the teaching-learning processes can only be unraveled through direct examination, seeks to understand pedagogical intervention practices from the perspective of pedagogical interactions which are developed between teachers and their students, within the framework of the specialized protection programs in school reintegration implemented in Chile by the National Service for Minors of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, in vulnerable sectors of the communes of Talca, Region of Maule and La Pintana, Metropolitan Region. The analysis through the theoretical and empirical contributions provided by the scientific evidence on pedagogical interactions, in terms of how they are configured, deployed and how these pedagogical intervention practices are perceived by the actors involved, added to the findings obtained, provides an opportunity to innovate by allowing the observation of school reintegration as a scenario of human relations and to deepen around this professional action as a critical element, constituting the improvement of teaching and effectiveness in school reintegration processes.

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Christine, Miklos, Michael N. Krishnan, Sherman Ng, Ehsan Haghani, and Avideh Zakhor. "Local estimation of collision probabilities in 802.11 WLANs: An experimental study." In 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2011.5779104.

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Park, Eunil, Ki Joon Kim, and Angel P. del Pobil. "Is Teaching-Robot Possible?: Practical Study for Teaching-Robot." In Robotics and Applications. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.747-029.

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Rustum, Rabee. "Teaching hydrology: A case study of teaching and learning." In 2018 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaset.2018.8376913.

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Giudici, M., and thestudents of the Laboratory of Earth Physics. "Teaching geophysics: A "case study." In 3rd EEGS Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407380.

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Fan Zhang, Chen Yang, and Yuan Zhu. "A study of CAID teaching." In Conceptual Design (CAID/CD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730708.

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Lu, Sun. "Study on Business English Teaching." In 2017 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society (EMCS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcs-17.2017.188.

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Ciras, Joseph R., and Michael G. Green. "Critical Uncertainties and Probabilities: Heat Impact on Exhaust System Components—A Case Study." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27366.

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This paper addresses an issue with gas turbine manifolds. The manifolds were developing cracks once the exhaust gas output properties were changed. Exhaust gas velocities and temperatures have increased as the gas turbine efficiency increased putting thermal strain into the system. One of the other effects of the increase in gas turbine flow was the introduction of flow induced vibrations into the system. The source of the vibration will not be addressed in this paper and will be investigated in the future. Data for this case study was gathered at various gas turbine sites throughout the United States, either first hand or by representation. Site photos were taken, field reports were written, and a field fix was developed by a gas turbine system component Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). This fix has been working and the OEM had asked for analytical data to determine its reliability. Principle used to determine Critical Uncertainties and Probabilities (CUP) on the system were engineering Computation Tools, Algorithms, Methodologies, and Engineering Interpretation (CAME). The principles of CUP and CAME are being further developed my Mr. Ciras and Prof. Mustapha S. Fofana at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, MA. The principles of six sigma, axiomatic design, and lean manufacturing were used as techniques to evaluate and valuate the most suitable solution to this problem. For this case study, the entire system around the fault area was looked at and analyzed. The system is composed of the turbine inlet, the gas turbine and its mounting system, the exhaust manifold, the exhaust diffuser, and the Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) along with interacting components within the system. CUP was use on each system component to determine with certainty what was causing the failures to prove the reliability of the field fix established by the OEM. The solution to this issue was established by suggesting proper manufacturing techniques; such as welding, material selection, allowance for thermal growth, proper installation of the external installation, proper fastening methods for the external installation and suggestions for improvements in the other system components. The proof was completed and the reliability of the fix relies heavily on the interaction of the system components in the area of the manifold.

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Kalish, M. L., and C. L. Harris. "An empirical study of the ability of back propagation to approximate posterior probabilities." In 1991 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1991.170722.

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Romero-Severson, Ethan, and Ian Spicknall. "O19.1 Model-based study design for estimation of route-specific gonorrheal transmission probabilities." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.210.

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Informes sobre el tema "Probabilities Study and teaching"

Clayton, Jessica Ridgway, Leslie Davis Burns, Lorynn Divita, and Sheng Lu. Case Study Teaching Method: Bringing Concepts to Life. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8294.

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Cannon, Edmund. Producing teaching material in PowerPoint (Video case study). Bristol, UK: The Economics Network, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n3314a.

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Ray, Suparna. Case study from a Graduate Teaching Assistant workshop. Bristol, UK: The Economics Network, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n2275a.

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Gehri, Suzanne B. Study War Once More: Teaching Vietnam at Air University. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada164827.

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Girardi, Gherardo. Extended Case Study: Teaching and learning economics through cinema. Bristol, UK: The Economics Network, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n178a.

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Bell, Chelsea, Li-Fen Anny Chang, Marian O'Rourke-Kaplan, Janie Stidham, Charles Edward Freeman, Lisa McRoberts, Melanie Carrico, and Linda Ohrn-McDaniel. Teaching design research through practice: a pilot study for collaborative exploration. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-877.

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Klampe, Charlotte. The work values of secondary teachers : a comparative study by teaching assignment. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3261.

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Brouwer, Frank. Extended Case Study: Teaching of Economics to European Studies & Language Students. Bristol, UK: The Economics Network, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n157a.

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Stannard, Casey Rhea, and Andrea Eastin. Teaching personalized fit to home sewers using a hybrid workshop format: A case study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1751.

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Lu, Lina. A Qualitative Case Study of Chinese Teaching Assistants' Communication in the U.S. University Classroom. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6263.

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