Literatura académica sobre el tema "Psychopathologies"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Psychopathologies"
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Davey, Graham C. L. "Disgust: the disease-avoidance emotion and its dysfunctions". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, n.º 1583 (12 de diciembre de 2011): 3453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0039.
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This review analyses the accumulating evidence from psychological, psychophysiological, neurobiological and cognitive studies suggesting that the disease-avoidance emotion of disgust is a predominant emotion experienced in a number of psychopathologies. Current evidence suggests that disgust is significantly related to small animal phobias (particularly spider phobia), blood–injection–injury phobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder contamination fears, and these are all disorders that have primary disgust elicitors as a significant component of their psychopathology. Disgust propensity and sensitivity are also significantly associated with measures of a number of other psychopathologies, including eating disorders, sexual dysfunctions, hypochondriasis, height phobia, claustrophobia, separation anxiety, agoraphobia and symptoms of schizophrenia—even though many of these psychopathologies do not share the disease-avoidance functionality that characterizes disgust. There is accumulating evidence that disgust does represent an important vulnerability factor for many of these psychopathologies, but when disgust-relevant psychopathologies do meet the criteria required for clinical diagnosis, they are characterized by significant levels of both disgust and fear/anxiety. Finally, it has been argued that disgust may also facilitate anxiety and distress across a broad range of psychopathologies through its involvement in more complex human emotions such as shame and guilt, and through its effect as a negative affect emotion generating threat-interpretation biases.
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Persiaux, Renaud. "Les psychopathologies de l'enfant". Les Grands Dossiers des Sciences Humaines N°8, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2007): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gdsh.438.0020.
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Bourrat, M. y B. Olliac. "Psychotherapy groups and psychopathologies". Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, n.º 5 (julio de 2012): S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.05.525.
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Johnson, Sheri L. "Cognitive inhibition across psychopathologies". Applied and Preventive Psychology 12, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2007): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2007.11.001.
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Penna, Priscila Pitta, Mário Recupero y Carlos Gil. "Influence of psychopathologies on craniomandibular disorders". Brazilian Dental Journal 20, n.º 3 (2009): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000300010.
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Psychopathologies play a role in the etiology and maintenance of craniomandibular disorders (CMD). In this study, the craniomandibular index was applied to valuate signs and symptoms of CMD in 60 dentate patients, who were assigned to 2 groups: symptomatic (n=35) and asymptomatic (n=25). An interview on psychopathologies was carried out with the aim to detect the presence of some mood disorders, such as depression, dysthymic and bipolar I disorders. Among these disturbances, depression was the most significant aspect to be reported (p<0.05) since it was present in most symptomatic patients. This important interaction was also significantly correlated (p<0.05) with the Palpation Index. These results suggest that psychopathological aspects could increase muscle tenderness and pain in addition to sleep dysfuntions and other physical complaints. Therefore, psychopathologies should be regarded as an important aspect in patients with orofacial pains.
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Hambali, Nurfarah Lydia, Friska Ayu, Nicholas Tze Ping Pang, Mohd Amiruddin Mohd Kassim, Hafid Algristian, Moch Sahri, Nelbon Giloi et al. "Mediating Effect of Psychological Process Variables on the Relationship between Dysfunctional Coping and Psychopathologies: A Comparative Study on Psychopathologies during COVID-19". Behavioral Sciences 12, n.º 7 (24 de junio de 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12070206.
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The COVID-19 crisis has had repercussions on global mental wellbeing. This study aimed: (1) to identify the mediating role of psychological process variables, namely psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between dysfunctional coping and psychopathologies in Indonesian undergraduate students subjected to national quarantine orders throughout July, 2020 and (2) to compare the level of anxiety, depression, and anxiety between Indonesian and Malaysian undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was performed with 869 Indonesian undergraduate students from Nahdlatul Ulama University of Surabaya (UNUSA) and 515 undergraduate students from Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The BIPM, MAAS, AAQ-I, DASS-21, and Brief COPE were used to assess the research variables. The proportion who scored “moderate” and above for depression, anxiety, and stress were 20.2%, 25.0%, and 14.2%, respectively, in Malaysian samples and 22.2%, 35.0%, and 23.48% in Indonesian samples. In Study 1, psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility significantly mediated the relationship between dysfunctional coping and psychopathologies. In Study 2, Indonesians demonstrated significantly higher anxiety and stress compared to Malaysian samples. Despite the contrasting COVID-19 situations in Malaysia and Indonesia, psychopathologies were more affected in Indonesia. Hence, our study suggests how crucial it is for mental health providers to consider promoting psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological flexibility to alleviate the corresponding psychopathologies among undergraduate students.
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Lafortune, Denis y Margaret C. Kiely. "« Prévention primaire des psychopathologies » : appellation contrôlée". Santé mentale au Québec 14, n.º 1 (19 de octubre de 2006): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031488ar.
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Résumé La prévention psychosociale est souvent une notion galvaudée et abordée avec une familiarité trompeuse. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent expliquer en partie ce mauvais usage : réactions confuses au modèle médical, association inopportune des termes "préventif" et "communautaire", distinction plus ou moins claire entre trois niveaux de prévention, malentendu autour du concept de facteur de risque et définition trop générale du concept de promotion. Une des spécificités du fait psychopathologique est qu'il se prête mal à une dichotomie "avant /après" l'apparition des symptômes. C'est pourquoi le champ préventif devrait identifier ses cibles en fonction de facteurs étiologiques plutôt que symptomatologiques. Ainsi, pour nous, la véritable prévention ne devrait comprendre que des interventions proactives destinées, soit à la neutralisation d'influences pathogènes, soit à la promotion de compétences susceptibles de rendre la population plus robuste.
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Ghadirian, A.-M., P. Gregoire y H. Kosmidis. "Creativity and the Evolution of Psychopathologies". Creativity Research Journal 13, n.º 2 (abril de 2001): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1302_2.
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Radmanesh, M. y S. Shafiei. "Underlying Psychopathologies of Psychogenic Pruritic Disorders". Dermatology and Psychosomatics / Dermatologie und Psychosomatik 2, n.º 3 (2001): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000049657.
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Bharati, Anup S., Y. A. Matcheswalla, Maithili S. Umate y Suyog Jaiswal. "Mechanism of coping in patients of alcohol dependence and its correlation with anxiety, depressive symptoms". International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, n.º 2 (23 de marzo de 2017): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20171051.
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Background: Alcohol use disorder is a common and challenging problem in India. In various studies the prevalence of co-morbid psychopathologies ranges from 15-70% including depression & anxiety disorders. Coping mechanisms of individual play vital role in case of developing alcohol dependence and various psychopathologies. A complex interaction of psychopathologies, coping skills, and alcohol use can influence the outcome of alcohol dependence. This study was undertaken with the aim of studying coping mechanism along with anxiety, depressive symptoms and their correlation in patients of alcohol dependence.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary government hospital. Institutional ethics committee approval obtained. 152 patients with the diagnosis of alcohol dependence (DSM IV TR) were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which 60 patients were enrolled after taking written informed consent. Following scales were used for the study, mechanisms of coping scale (MOCS), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS).Results: 32 patients had HAM-A score >17 suggestive of anxiety, similarly 40 patients had MADRS score >7 indicating depression. Problem focussed coping mechanism such as problem solving is associated with better outcome in terms of lesser anxiety and later age of first drink as well as developing dependence. Passivity, which is an emotion focussed coping mechanism, is associated with earlier first drink and higher depression score in patient suggesting poor outcome.Conclusions: Coping skills training should be incorporated in abstinence focused programs. Co-morbid psychopathologies like anxiety and depression are common in alcohol dependence individuals and thus, screening for these symptoms is essential for early interventions and better outcomes.
Tesis sobre el tema "Psychopathologies"
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De, Vries Petrus Johannes. "The psychopathologies of attention in tuberous sclerosis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620296.
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LYRA, CARLOS EDUARDO DE SOUSA. "AFFECTS, PRESENTATIONS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES: FROM ANXIETY TO PANIC". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11015@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA metapsicologia consiste no núcleo fundamental da teoria psicanalítica. De acordo com a metapsicologia freudiana, a pulsão só se manifesta no psiquismo na forma de representantes psíquicos, que são de duas naturezas distintas: representações e (quotas de) afeto. A presente pesquisa pretende investigar o desenvolvimento da teoria dos representantes psíquicos da pulsão, privilegiando a abordagem do ponto de vista econômico da metapsicologia freudiana, principalmente no que diz respeito à primeira divisão tópica do aparelho psíquico. Também é apresentada a contribuição de Green para a teoria dos afetos, bem como a concepção de Laplanche acerca do recalque originário e do processo de tradução psíquica. Em seguida, partimos para uma investigação da angústia na obra freudiana, destacando o desenvolvimento do quadro psicopatológico de neurose de angústia. Por último, é feita uma abordagem do pânico, aproximando o quadro psicopatológico contemporâneo de transtorno de pânico do quadro psicopatológico freudiano de neurose de angústia, mostrando que também é possível desenvolver outras explicações de caráter metapsicológico para o pânico, sem abrir mão de categorias utilizadas pelo próprio Freud (a exemplo da noção de desamparo), mas que não foram suficientemente desenvolvidas e associadas a uma teoria mais ampla acerca do pânico. Assim, a presente pesquisa visa contribuir para o estudo das psicopatologias ditas contemporâneas, em especial para o conhecimento da psicodinâmica do transtorno de pânico. Por outro lado, este trabalho também pretende oferecer uma revisão sistemática de alguns dos conceitos fundamentais da metapsicologia freudiana, acrescentando ao corpo teórico da metapsicologia desenvolvimentos realizados por teóricos pósfreudianos.
Metapsychology consists of the basic nucleus of the psychoanalytical theory. According to the Freudian metapsychology, drive is only manifested, in psyche, as psychical representatives, which have two distinct natures: presentations and (quotas of) affect. The present research intends to investigate the development of the theory of the psychical representatives of the drive, being privileged the boarding of the economic point of view of Freudian metapsychology, mainly the first topical division of the psychic apparatus. Also the contribution of Green for the theory of affects is presented, as well as the conception of Laplanche concerning the primal repression and the process of psychic translation. After that, we make an inquiry of the anxiety in Freudian works, detaching the development of the psychopathological set of anxiety neurosis. Finally, a boarding of panic is made, approaching the contemporary psychopathological set of panic disease of the Freudian psychopathological set of anxiety neurosis, showing that it is also possible to develop other explanations, of a metapsychological character, for panic, without abandoning the categories used by Freud himself (for example, the notion of helplessness), but that have not been enough developed and associated to an ampler theory concerning panic. Thus, the present research aims at to contribute for the study of the, said, contemporaries psychophatologies, in special for the knowledge of the psychodynamics of panic disease. On the other hand, this work also intends to offer a systematic revision of some of the basic concepts of Freudian metapsychology, adding to the theoretical body of metapsychology, developments added by post-Freudian theoreticians.
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Lailheugue-Escribe, Muriel. "Développement des enfants à haut potentiel intellectuel et psychopathologies". Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20058.
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Les recherches antérieures présentent des résultats contrastés et controversés concernant les difficultés rencontrées par les enfants à haut potentiel intellectuel ou intellectuellement précoces (EIP). L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer les éventuelles difficultés adaptatives dans cette population en lien avec leurs auto évaluations et leurs caractéristiques individuelles. Un échantillon de 98 individus âgés de 10 à 15 ans dont le quotient intellectuel (Q. I. ) est supérieur ou égal à 130 a été retenu. Deux types d'approches ont été sélectionnés : a) recueil de données anamnestiques auprès de la mère ; b) questionnaires autoévaluatifs (Personnalité et Motivation) de l'enfant. Les analyses se déclinent en trois volets distincts mettant tous l'accent sur les facteurs endogènes et exogènes exacerbant les problèmes adaptatifs (sociorelationnels, éducatifs, psychopathologiques, …) des enfants de notre échantillon. Les résultats des analyses descriptives, factorielles et typologiques suggèrent que les EIP représentent une population hétérogène, extrême et psychopathologiquement à risque. Les plus grandes difficultés paraissant davantage le fait de facteurs contextuels que de prédispositions biologiques. L'étude de cas clinique permet d'illustrer la complexité que peuvent revêtir les perturbations dans les parcours individuels. Ces résultats pourront s'inscrire dans le cadre de programmes destinés à la prévention de troubles psychopathologiques et/ou développementauxPast research has shown contrasting and controversial results concerning difficulties encountered by gifted children (GC). The objective of this study is to link potential difficulties in gifted children's to their self-evaluation and individual characteristics. A sample of 98 children aged between 10 and 15 months whose intelligence quotient (IQ) was equal to or higher than 130 participated in this study. Two methods were selected: a) a collect of anamnesis data from the mother; b) child auto evaluations questionnaires (Personality and Motivation). Analyses are organized in three distinct sections all of them emphasizing endogenous and exogenous factors exacerbating the gifted children's adaptation problems (sociorelational, educative, psychopathological…). Results of descriptive, factorial and typological analyses suggest that gifted children are a heterogeneous population, extreme and often at risk. Having most difficulties was more strongly associated with contextual factors than biological predispositions. Clinical case studies allow us to illustrate the complexity that these difficulties can imply in individual developmental trajectories. Our findings are important for programs aimed at prevention of psychopathological and/or developmental difficulties
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Pantouli, Fani. "Psychopathologies characterised by social deficits : neurobiological mechanisms and treatment implications". Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.754074.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by impairment in the social domain and is often comorbid with depression and social anxiety. Several neuronal systems have been implicated in the neuropathology of ASD, yet the underlining neurobiology remains unclear, with no effective treatment being identified. Therefore, we utilised a well-validated mouse neurobiological candidate systems and we detected dysregulation of opioid, oxytocin, vasopressin, glutamate and dopamine in this model. Current ASD pharmacotherapy is only symptomatic and does not target core symptomatology. Intranasal oxytocin is a promising target for the treatment of ASD with known acute effects on related ASD-like symptomatology, but little currently is known about the effect of chronic exposure to the drug. Therefore, we performed a battery of behavioural experiments to assess the efficacy and neurobiological consequences of chronic oxytocin administration in the Fmr1 KO and wild-type mice. We observed restoration of sociability but not stereotypy upon acute and chronic oxytocin treatment in the mutants and prevention of comorbid anxiety following chronic oxytocin administration. Opposingly, detrimental effects in sociability, stereotypy and emotionality following chronic oxytocin treatment were detected in wild-type mice. Differential regulation of several transcripts was detected in Fmr1 KO and wild-type mice. Lastly, we investigated the effect of chronic exposure to social-defeat stress (CSS), a common psychopathology characterised by impairment in sociability and depression on central nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subtype and D2 dopamine receptor density. While CSS did not affect 07* and CI4P2* nAChR binding, it downregulated D2. These findings offer better understanding of the neurobiology underpinning psychopathologies characterised by social deficit and highlight chronic OXT as an effective pharmacotherapy for their treatment. Nonetheless, our findings reveal potential safety concerns of its chronic use in healthy subjects with intact oxytocinergic system.
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Deborde, Anne-Sophie. "Rôles de l’attachement dans le développement de psychopathologies à l’adolescence". Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100115.
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Alors que les premiers symptômes de troubles psychiatriques apparaissent à l’adolescence, les études étiologiques portent rarement sur cette période. Dès sa formulation de la théorie de l’attachement, Bowlby avait postulé que les relations précoces influençaient la construction des capacités de régulation émotionnelle et étaient déterminantes pour prévenir le développement de troubles psychiatriques. Les recherches empiriques ont montré les liens entre attachement et psychopathologies, alexithymie et psychopathologies et enfin attachement et alexithymie, mais aucune n’a articulé ces trois variables entre elles. Une 1ère étude, menée dans un échantillon de 107 adolescentes présentant des troubles psychiatriques (versus 107 témoins) a montré que l’attachement (sécurité et modèle de soi) prédit l’alexithymie et que ces deux variables constituent des facteurs de protection au développement de troubles psychiatriques à l’adolescence. Une 2ème étude a confirmé ce résultat dans une population clinique plus ciblée, composée de 54 adolescentes présentant un Trouble de la Personnalité Borderline (TPB, vs 51 témoins). Enfin, une 3ème étude a montré une prévalence d’attachement désorganisé dans une population de 30 adolescentes présentant un TPB (vs 31 témoins). Une analyse discriminante a indiqué que, parmi les dimensions d’attachement mesurées, l’inhibition à la mère, l’insécurité au père et le nombre de relations désorganisées prédisent l’appartenance au groupe clinique ou témoin pour 90% des participantes. Ce résultat souligne que ce sont les effets cumulés de la relation insécure à chaque parent qui fragilisent les adolescentes, particulièrement quand celle-ci est désorganiséeAlthough early psychiatric symptoms usually appear in adolescence, etiological studies seldom concern this period of life. Since his first writings on attachment theory, Bowlby posited that early ties impact emotional regulation capacities and are thus determining for preventing psychopathology. Empirical findings have evidenced associations between attachment and psychopathology, alexithymia and psychopathology and between attachment and alexithymia, but none articulate these three variables together. The first study —conducted on a sample of 107 adolescents with psychiatric disorders (versus 107 controls)— suggests that attachment (security and model of self) predicts alexithymia and that both these variables are protective factors in the development of psychiatric disorders in adolescence. The second study confirmed this finding on a more specific clinical sample composed of 54 adolescents with borderline personality disorder (PBD, vs 51 controls). The third study evidenced high prevalence of disorganized attachment among borderline adolescents (N=30 vs 31 controls). Discriminant analysis showed that among the attachment dimensions considered, deactivation towards the mother, insecurity with the father and the number of disorganized relationships predicted group membership (clinical vs control) for 90% of the participants. This finding points to the cumulative effect of each attachment relationship, which increases adolescent vulnerability when disorganized
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Mbadinga, Samuel. "Les psychopathologies de la persécution dans une population gabonaise - le thème du "fantôme" - dynamique et dialectique de la culture et de la psychopathologie". Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE2020.
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Cette recherche est centrée sur la contribution que l'étude du thème du "fantôme" et du sentiment de persécution pourrait apporter à la compréhension, à l'explication et aux traitements psychologiques des psychopathologies de la persécution dans la population gabonaise. Nous soutenons, sur la base des matériaux recueillis dans les champs clinique et ethnologique, et selon le modèle théorique psychanalytique des processus de symbolisation, que lesdites organisations psychopathologiques ont une fonction défensive contre l'angoisse et la culpabilité. Le sentiment de persécution serait l'expression substitutive de la culpabilité et de l'angoisse, tandis que le thème du "fantôme" est à comprendre comme une aide au refoulement, c'est-à-dire l'enveloppe dont les sujets gabonais revêtent les désirs et les craintes qui émergent du fond de l'inconscientThis research is focused on the contribution the study of the theme of the "ghost" could make to the understanding, explanation and psychological treatments of the psychopathologies of persecution in the gabonese population. On the basis of the data gathered from the clinical and ethnological fields, and according to the psychanalytical theoretical pattern of the symbolization processes, we support that the aforesaid psychopathological organizations have a defensive function against anguish and guilt. The feeling of persecution would be a substitute for guilt and anguish, whereas the theme of the "ghost" must be seen as an help for repression, that is to say the outward appearance the gabonese subjects give to the desires and the fears coming out from the bottom of the uncounscious
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Noutch, Samantha Louise. "Body image perceptions, stress and associated psychopathologies in a non-clinical sample". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6308.
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The aims of the studies were to assess body image perceptions, the role of stress and other possible associated psychopathologies within a non-clinical sample. The prevalence of body image concern is increasing and is widely considered as secondary to evolving socio-cultural trends. Negative self-perceptions about body image can be manifest as measurable indicators of physiological stress, or even psychopathology. This thesis describes two quantitative studies into the role and relevance of various causative factors in the development of negative body image in cohorts of volunteers drawn from the general population of the University of Bradford in West Yorkshire, UK. In Study One, subjects (n=360) completed a self-directed questionnaire that psychometrically measured satisfaction/dissatisfaction with personal appearance, queried which external sources influenced those opinions, and correlated these with demographic information. In particular, we sought to examine how a subject's opinion about their personal appearance varied with age, gender, ethnicity, mental health, relationship status, sexual orientation and Body Mass Index (BMI). Subjective views regarding personal appearance were determined by answers given to specific body image questions that revealed a subject's day-to-day appearance concerns, all preoccupations, and the extent to which these concerns resulted in distress, all social impairment. Overall, the results demonstrated that BMI values were positively correlated with personal appearance concerns. High BMI values correlated with greater dissatisfaction with personal appearance. Self ratings of appearance values were negatively correlated with BMI scores. Subjects who gave themselves high appearance ratings were relatively unaffected by media influence with regard to their image, compared to subjects rating themselves less attractive. These latter subjects also showed higher peer pressure scores in terms of both the amount of time they compared themselves to peers, and the degree to which peer comparisons affected their self-appearance ratings. Based on responses to the body image questions specifically, the entire cohort of subjects were categorised into principal clusters: those largely unaffected by any body image concerns; and those profoundly distressed by their self assessed body image. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of these findings is that the scores for this latter (n=17) group of subjects on the body image questions revealed a degree of personal distress this is almost identical to the scores expected from those people diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Collectively, these results suggest that high BMI values in subjects negatively impact on self-appearance ratings, render subjects more prone to media messages that portray body image ideals, and elicit frequent comparisons with peers to validate self-image concerns. Furthermore, severely affected subjects with high BMI scores may show similar psychopathology to that of BDD sufferers. In Study Two, a small cohort of subjects (n=60) were given questionnaires and were interviewed to further investigate self-appearance ratings and mood/depressive traits. The body image questions used in Study One to assess image concerns and the magnitude of distress were repeated in Study Two. Mood and depressive state were measured using the validated Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). In parallel, subjects completed the Derriford Appearance Scale 59 (DAS 59), which is a valid psychometric indication of an individual's perception of their appearance as 'normal' or 'disfigured', and used as a tool by plastic surgeons to inform decisions regarding the necessity for surgery to correct an individual's appearance. Physiological markers were recorded before and after exposure of subjects to a physical and a psychological stressor: these were saliva concentrations of cortisol and sIgA (an immune marker), blood glucose and blood pressure. The results of Study Two revealed no changes in scores for any of the physiological measures following stressors. BDI scores for most subjects fell within normal ranges, although females scored higher than males, but not at a pathological level. Those subjects with a history of mental illness or those who reported feeling a high degree of stress on a daily basis, or those who expressed greater self-appearance concerns, all had significantly elevated BDI values. Perhaps the most intriguing finding from Study Two, as in Study One, was that subjects again tended to fall within specific categories for body image concerns: those unaffected or minimally affected by body image concerns, and those (n=6) greatly and deleteriously affected by body image concerns. This subsection of subjects also scored very high on the DAS 59 for disfigurement. On the basis of these findings it would seem that body image concerns may be severe enough for some individuals for them to perceive themselves as actually being disfigured, or that the DAS 59 (a widely used assessment tool in plastic surgery), may not be entirely appropriate for assessment of an individual's need for surgery because it cannot distinguish between those genuinely disfigured and those merely expressing severe body image concerns.
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Noutch, Samantha L. "Body image perceptions, stress and associated psychopathologies in a non-clinical sample". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6308.
Texto completoResumen
The aims of the studies were to assess body image perceptions, the role of stress and other possible associated psychopathologies within a non-clinical sample.
The prevalence of body image concern is increasing and is widely considered as secondary to evolving socio-cultural trends. Negative self-perceptions about body image can be manifest as measurable indicators of physiological stress, or even psychopathology. This thesis describes two quantitative studies into the role and relevance of various causative factors in the development of negative body image in cohorts of volunteers drawn from the general population of the University of Bradford in West Yorkshire, UK.
In Study One, subjects (n=360) completed a self-directed questionnaire that psychometrically measured satisfaction/dissatisfaction with personal appearance, queried which external sources influenced those opinions, and correlated these with demographic information. In particular, we sought to examine how a subject¿s opinion about their personal appearance varied with age, gender, ethnicity, mental health, relationship status, sexual orientation and Body Mass Index (BMI). Subjective views regarding personal appearance were determined by answers given to specific body image questions that revealed a subject¿s day-to-day appearance concerns, all preoccupations, and the extent to which these concerns resulted in distress, all social impairment.
Overall, the results demonstrated that BMI values were positively correlated with personal appearance concerns. High BMI values correlated with greater dissatisfaction with personal appearance. Self ratings of appearance values were negatively correlated with BMI scores. Subjects who gave themselves high appearance ratings were relatively unaffected by media influence with regard to their image, compared to subjects rating themselves less attractive. These latter subjects also showed higher peer pressure scores in terms of both the amount of time they compared themselves to peers, and the degree to which peer comparisons affected their self-appearance ratings. Based on responses to the body image questions specifically, the entire cohort of subjects were categorised into principal clusters: those largely unaffected by any body image concerns; and those profoundly distressed by their self assessed body image. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of these findings is that the scores for this latter (n=17) group of subjects on the body image questions revealed a degree of personal distress this is almost identical to the scores expected from those people diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Collectively, these results suggest that high BMI values in subjects negatively impact on self-appearance ratings, render subjects more prone to media messages that portray body image ideals, and elicit frequent comparisons with peers to validate self-image concerns. Furthermore, severely affected subjects with high BMI scores may show similar psychopathology to that of BDD sufferers. In Study Two, a small cohort of subjects (n=60) were given questionnaires and were interviewed to further investigate self-appearance ratings and mood/depressive traits. The body image questions used in Study One to assess image concerns and the magnitude of distress were repeated in Study Two. Mood and depressive state were measured using the validated Beck¿s Depression Inventory (BDI). In parallel, subjects completed the Derriford Appearance Scale 59 (DAS 59), which is a valid psychometric indication of an individual's perception of their appearance as ¿normal¿ or ¿disfigured¿, and used as a tool by plastic surgeons to inform decisions regarding the necessity for surgery to correct an individual's appearance. Physiological markers were recorded before and after exposure of subjects to a physical and a psychological stressor: these were saliva concentrations of cortisol and sIgA (an immune marker), blood glucose and blood pressure.
The results of Study Two revealed no changes in scores for any of the physiological measures following stressors. BDI scores for most subjects fell within normal ranges, although females scored higher than males, but not at a pathological level. Those subjects with a history of mental illness or those who reported feeling a high degree of stress on a daily basis, or those who expressed greater self-appearance concerns, all had significantly elevated BDI values. Perhaps the most intriguing finding from Study Two, as in Study One, was that subjects again tended to fall within specific categories for body image concerns: those unaffected or minimally affected by body image concerns, and those (n=6) greatly and deleteriously affected by body image concerns. This subsection of subjects also scored very high on the DAS 59 for disfigurement.
On the basis of these findings it would seem that body image concerns may be severe enough for some individuals for them to perceive themselves as actually being disfigured, or that the DAS 59 (a widely used assessment tool in plastic surgery), may not be entirely appropriate for assessment of an individual's need for surgery because it cannot distinguish between those genuinely disfigured and those merely expressing severe body image concerns.
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Delmont, Isabelle. "Le passage invisible : la voix dans la clinique des psychopathologies de la croyance". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2007/document.
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Dans la confiance, l'infans scotomise psychiquement le chaos sonore qu'il ne peut pacifier autrement. Le vide sonore, né de cette rétraction volontaire de son attention, sera un espace impensable mais aussi le réservoir de créations psychiques à venir. Comme le potier "créé" le vide de son vase tout en le cachant, l'infans focalise ensuite son attention sur des sons privilégiés afin de voiler-dévoiler le vide de sa scotomisation. C'est une prosodie (entendue pour la première fois comme musicale) qui focalisera sur elle son attention ainsi libérée, et donnera forme à "ce vase" psychique. Sa réception de la prosodie d'un autre Sujet, enveloppant un vide étranger mais identique au sien, permet à un point de doute de percer la belle Confiance de l'infans, dont le restant ne sera plus dès lors qu'une Croyance. L'enfant peut enfin inventer dans l'échange avec cet autre Sujet ses premiers signifiants-musicaux prosodiques non verbaux, puis les charger -ensuite- d'affects au fur et à mesure de ses "associations d'idées". Pour le présent écrit, ce qui de l'affect n'est pas musicalisable est le premier objet de désir de l'inconscient du petit humain. Inconscient qui restera toujours structuré comme un langage musicalTrust allows the infant to scotomise chaos's noises. Thus, he forms a void, born of a retraction of his attention. It is an unthinkable space. It is also the base for future mental creations. As the potter "creates" and "hides" simultaneously the emptiness of his vase, the infant will focus his attention on privileged sounds to generate (and hide) his scotomisation. Those human sounds will transform this "deaf hole" in a musical silence. The present doctoral study purpose is to investigate how a prosody can allow a subjectification of the infant, from a vacuum, when he heard it for the first time as a musical language. Therefore, the present dissertation argues that a prosody can create a Belief in the infant mind. Then, the Belief itself allows to bring into existence musical-signifiers, creating the desire. And creating also the unconscious of the child subjectivated. Unconscious formed as a musical language for ever
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Devaux, Damien. "Le rôle de l'information visuelle dans la catégorisation émotionnelle au sein de deux psychopathologies". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20030.
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Un contenu visuel flou peut-il être efficace pour traiter de l’information émotionnelle ? Récemment, les travaux psychologiques en traitement émotionnel de l’information visuelle font état d’un lien particulier avec l’information de basses fréquences spatiales (BFS), grossière et floue mais rapide, qui permettrait la transmission très rapide de signaux au système émotionnel par rapport à une information de hautes fréquences spatiales (HFS) plus complexe et détaillée. En outre, l’information BFS serait primordiale dans la détection d’un danger potentiel de l’environnement et par conséquent envers des émotions à valence négative. Ces deux types d’informations visuelles emprunteraient des voies neuronales différentes conduisant à une segmentation de cette information visuelle dans le cerveau. Au niveau psychopathologique, des troubles neurologiques comme la maladie de Gilles de la Tourette ou encore la dépression majeure résistante sont connues pour entraîner un déficit des interactions sociales pour lesquelles les traitements émotionnels sont indispensables. Les dysfonctionnements neurologiques et psychobiologiques accompagnant ces troubles impliquent des structures spécifiques et localisées en périphéries ou enfouies dans le cerveau liées à la dichotomie fonctionnelle de l’information visuelle. Un des moyens simples pour appréhender ces traitements est la catégorisation des visages émotionnels. Cette recherche a examiné au niveau théorique et appliqué dans quelle mesure l’information visuelle autrement appelée la résolution en fréquences spatiales (FS) jouerait un rôle dans la catégorisation des expressions faciales émotionnelles (EFEs). Ainsi tant au niveau de la détection visuelle de danger qu’au niveau de l’identification des EFEs dans la maladie Gilles de la Tourette et dans la dépression majeure résistante, nous avons étudié les réponses comportementales dans les premières étapes de décryptage de l’information visuelle convoyant des indices émotionnels. Une comparaison avec une population contrôle a permis de cerner plus précisément les effets d’un filtrage en FS dans les processus de catégorisation avec la prédiction d’un bénéfice à traiter des contenus flous (BFS) par rapport à des contenus détaillés (HFS) pour des EFEs problématiques à classer en fonction de la pathologie. Nos résultats ont suggéré une meilleure identification de certaines EFEs filtrées en BFS par rapport à celles filtrées en HFS ou résolues. Nos données empiriques ont été discutées dans la perspective d’une segmentation de l’information visuelle dans le cerveau sollicitant des circuits neuronaux spécifiques favorisant l’accès de l’information visuelle aux centres émotionnels. En regard des structures cérébrales impliquées et des activités neuronales connus dans les troubles étudiées, l’activité dopaminergique des neurones sollicités pourraient expliquées en partie nos données factuellesWhat can be the efficiency of coarse scales in emotional information processing? Recently, psychological findings about emotional processing of visual information reported a particular link with low spatial frequencies (LSF), coarse and blurred but rapid, which might offer a very fast signal to emotional system compared to high spatial frequencies (HSF) more intricate and detailed. Plus, LSF information might be essential in danger detection and consequently in negative emotions classification. These two types of visual information would take different neural pathways driving to visual information segmentation in the brain. In psychopathological view, neurological disorders as Tourette syndrome or treatment-resistant depression are well known to produce social interaction troubles in which emotions are obligatory. Neurological and psychobiological dysfunctions belonging to these diseases implicate specific neural structures located at peripheral or inside the brain that are bind to functional dichotomy of visual information. One of the simplest ways to examine that processing is the categorization of emotion faces. This research has investigated according to theoretical and practical aspects the extent to which visual information or spatial frequency scaling (SF) might be implicated in categorization of emotional facial expressions (EFE). Thus, both in danger detection and EFE classification, among Tourette syndrome and treatment-resistant depression, we have studied behavioural responses during the first steps of visual information interpretation providing emotional cues. A comparison with healthy control population has given more precise effects of FS filtering in categorization processing with the hypothesis of a benefice to process coarse scales (LSF) compared to detailed signals (HSF) for the identification of difficult EFE in respect with the disorder. Our results have suggested a best identification of specific EFE filtered in LFS compared to HSF or intact images called broad spatial frequencies (BSF). Our empirical findings were argued in the perspective of visual information segmentation in the brain requesting specific neuronal circuits favouring visual information access to emotional complex. Given implicated brain areas and neuronal activities regarding studied disorders, dopaminergic innervation might explain our factual data
Libros sobre el tema "Psychopathologies"
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Miljkovitch, Raphaële. Psychopathologies: L'enfant et l'adolescent. [Paris]: Armand Colin, 2003.
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Bénony, Hervé. Développement de l'enfant et ses psychopathologies. Paris: Armand Colin, 2005.
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Ionescu, Serban. Psychopathologies et société: Traumatismes, événements et situations de vie. Paris: Vuibert, 2006.
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Alberta. Alberta Learning. Direction de l'éducation française. Enseigner aux élèves ayant des troubles émotionnels et (ou) des psychopathologies: Élaboré pour les élèves ayant des besoins spéciaux. Edmonton: Direction de l'éducation française, Alberta Learning, 2000.
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Early development and its disturbances: Clinical, conceptual, and empirical research on ADHD and other psychopathologies and its epistemological reflections. London: Karnac, 2010.
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Payk, Theo R. Psychopathologie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63574-2.
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Payk, Theo R. Psychopathologie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45531-9.
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Payk, Theo R. Psychopathologie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12395-5.
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Luthe, Rainer. Forensische Psychopathologie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73882-1.
Texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Psychopathologies"
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Murphy, Dominic, Gemma Lucy Smart y Alexander Pereira. "Neuroscience and Psychopathologies". En Mind, Cognition, and Neuroscience, 462–78. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003241898-33.
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Panksepp, Jaak. "Brain Emotional Circuits and Psychopathologies". En Emotions and Psychopathology, 37–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1987-1_3.
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Jafferany, Mohammad. "Common Psychopathologies in Psychodermatological Disorders". En Handbook of Psychodermatology, 15–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90916-1_3.
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Wallace, Rodrick. "Psychopathologies of Automata I: Autonomous Vehicle Systems". En Computational Psychiatry, 167–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53910-2_8.
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Wedemann, Roseli S. y Luís Alfredo V. de Carvalho. "Some Things Psychopathologies Can Tell Us about Consciousness". En Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2012, 379–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33269-2_48.
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Petrelli, Fabio, Roberto Verolini y Larissa Venturi. "Psychopathologies and Cultural Factors: Some Neo-Evolutionist Perspectives". En Does the World Exist?, 799–807. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0047-5_50.
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Nummenmaa, Lauri, Kerttu Seppälä y Vesa Putkinen. "Molecular Imaging of the Human Emotion Circuit". En Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08651-9_1.
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AbstractEmotions modulate behavioral priorities via central and peripheral nervous systems. Understanding emotions from the perspective of specific neurotransmitter systems is critical, because of the central role of affect in multiple psychopathologies and the role of specific neuroreceptor systems as corresponding drug targets. Here, we provide an integrative overview of molecular imaging studies that have targeted the human emotion circuit at the level of specific neuroreceptors and transmitters. We focus specifically on opioid, dopamine, and serotonin systems, given their key role in modulating motivation and emotions, and discuss how they contribute to both healthy and pathological emotions.
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Wallace, Rodrick. "Psychopathologies of Automata II: Autonomous Weapons and Centaur Systems". En Computational Psychiatry, 191–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53910-2_9.
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Braconnier, Megan, Iris Garza y Lauren Moskowitz. "Psychopathologies Associated with ASD: Anxiety, OCD, Depression, and ADHD". En Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder, 29–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_2.
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Woods, Naomi. "Users’ Psychopathologies: Impact on Cybercrime Vulnerabilities and Cybersecurity Behavior". En Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, 93–134. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91293-2_5.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Psychopathologies"
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"Associative Identities Therapy. A Unified Model for the Development and Treatment of PsychoPathologies of the XXI Century". En Congress on mental health meeting the needs of the XXI century. Gorodets, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22343/mental-health-congress-compendium392-396.
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Widuch, Kaja. "‘I AM NOT A MONSTER': THE LINGUISTIC STIGMA OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER." En International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact085.
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"Borderline Personality Disorder is arguably the most distressing disorder amongst the DSM diagnoses for all involved. Although psychiatric labelling can be validating it is often stigmatising. Due to the nature of BPD, people living with the disorder (PBPD) tend to be marginalized and discriminated against. A quick and random review of the World Wide Web (including a selection of popular social media platforms) reveals a common linguistic theme in describing BPD. PBPD are ‘toxic’, ‘difficult’ and ‘manipulative. Other labels, more diagnostically - oriented see PBPD as the ‘PDs’ or ‘the borderlines’. These also carry negative connotations of the inner and outer groups - ‘us’ vs ‘them’. Given the nature of the labels, recovery for PBPD is often dubious. One might think - ‘I am a monster anyway’, a classic example of cognitive dissonance. The language used in clinical practice as well as out of it is a powerful weapon. Some might poetically describe BPD as a lethal cocktail of blended psychopathologies with the ingredients including chronic suicidality, abandonment and intermittent lucidity to name a few. Of note, externalising such pathologies in an adaptive way is almost a fantasy for the therapy team. A more user friendly descriptive diagnosis is ‘difficulty in emotion regulation’. However, probably the most accurate ‘label’ of BPD for PBPD is ‘living in acute pain’. The current climate and the uncertainty surrounded the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has meant a significantly increased risk not only in symptoms remission but also in the increase in cyber-bullying and suicidality rate. The pandemic has also put a halt to the Participant and Public Involvement in the evidence based practice. Linguistic shift in reducing stigma is essential and of immediate need."
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De la Serna, AR, M. Serra y J. Wulf. "AB0168 Psychopathologic study in patients with fibromyalgia". En Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.585.
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Triaire, Sylvie. "L’avenir d’une illusion : psychopathologie de la religion selon Flaubert". En « L’anatomie du cœur humain n’est pas encore faite » : Littérature, psychologie, psychanalyse. Fabula, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.58282/colloques.1634.
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Junge-Hoffmeister, J., A. Bittner, V. Kress, T. Wetzel y K. Weidner. "Traumatisierte Mütter – Einfluss auf die postpartale Psychopathologie und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion". En 48. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe e.V. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678367.
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Mavraganis, C., S. Frisenda, T. Dagres y S. Schiermeier. "Perinatale Komplikationen assoziiert mit Psychopathologie des Feten, Myth or truth? – A Review of the literature". En Abstracts zum 19. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pränatal- und Geburtsmedizin e. V. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709324.
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