Literatura académica sobre el tema "Qualité de l’eau"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Qualité de l’eau"
Levallois, Patrick. "Eau potable et santé publique : défis actuels et futurs". Revue des sciences de l'eau 19, n.º 2 (9 de junio de 2006): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013046ar.
Texto completoZAITER, Y. y F. DESTANDAU. "Une histoire de la surveillance de la qualité de l’eau des milieux naturels en France". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n.º 7/8 (20 de agosto de 2020): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202007027.
Texto completoNguyen, Phu Duc, Babacar Toumbou, Sophie Duchesne, Nomessi Kokutse y Jean-Pierre Villeneuve. "Évaluation de l’impact de la pollution diffuse sur la qualité de l’eau en rivière avec données restreintes : cas d’application du bassin versant de la rivière Cau". Revue des sciences de l’eau 31, n.º 3 (10 de diciembre de 2018): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054308ar.
Texto completoNguyen, Phu Duc, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Babacar Toumbou, Sophie Duchesne y Nomessi Kokutse. "Utilisation de la modélisation de la qualité de l’eau en rivière pour l’évaluation du respect des normes en contexte de données restreintes : cas d’application du bassin versant de la rivière Cau". Revue des sciences de l’eau 31, n.º 3 (10 de diciembre de 2018): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054307ar.
Texto completoQIAO, Y., B. DE GOUVELLO, M. SAAD y B. TASSIN. "Étude de l’évolution de la qualité de l’eau de ruissellement de toiture au cours des événements pluvieux". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n.º 12 (20 de enero de 2020): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/201912113.
Texto completoTremblay, Hugo y Paule Halley. "Le droit de l’eau potable au Québec". Les Cahiers de droit 49, n.º 3 (7 de abril de 2009): 333–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029656ar.
Texto completoBotrel, I., L. Mercier, Y. Leger y E. Dugleux. "Restaurer la qualité de l’eau : les outils fonciers". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n.º 12 (2009): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/200912077.
Texto completoRuaud, M., D. Boris y M. Alary. "Démarche de reconquête de la qualité de l’eau". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n.º 12 (2009): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/200912119.
Texto completoLegras, Sophie, Elsa Martin y Camille Régnier. "Foncier agricole, qualité de l’eau et intervention publique". Économie rurale, n.º 353-354 (30 de junio de 2016): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/economierurale.4947.
Texto completoGiroux, Isabelle, Serge Hébert y David Berryman. "Qualité de l’eau du Saint-Laurent de 2000 à 2014 : paramètres classiques, pesticides et contaminants émergents". Qualité de l’eau 140, n.º 2 (2 de junio de 2016): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036500ar.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Qualité de l’eau"
Kansou, Khaled. "Gestion de la qualité de l’eau : contribution à l’évaluation de la qualité de l’eau en Corse". Corte, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CORT0001.
Texto completoWater is an exceptional raw material as far as it is essential for people, animais and vegetables. Ifs considered for a long time as an unlimited plentiful resource. Some people consider it free or almost free. Water is one of the keys of sustainable development; it presents an important dimensional device for the social, economical and environmental development. Water is essential for human health and for that reason it satisfy human essential needs. Ln our research, we find that I?ollution is presented everywhere. Some developed or none developed countries, cares enough about the quality of water and controllers' pollution. Agriculture is the main reason responsible for pollution, more than the industry and municipalities. Ln sorne countries farmers use, fertilizers, pesticides, contaminated ground-water and superficial water. Agriculture remains the principle source for water pollution but the amount of factories and municipalities' garbage has increased in the last years. We believe that there are two hundred to four hundred chemical products found in water. Ln our research ifs composed of two axes. The first is theoretical, and the second is empirical. The primary one is divided into two chapters: ln. The first, it will concern sustainable development, to study the relation between economy and environ ment, concept of development, influence of climatic changes and inform the international politics. We took the example of Corsica to show that the nearness of watercourses for populations bordering the street has an impact on the quality of water in the same capacity as nearness of porcine animal. Data come in the form of qualitative evaluations allocated by experts. A model of logique floue was used to establish a synthesis of data and define a quality indication of the water taking its stocks interval [0, 1]. An econometric analysis allowed then to update the determiners of the quality of water
Maheux, Andrée. "Développement de tests moléculaires pour l’évaluation de la qualité microbiologique de l’eau potable". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28294/28294_1.pdf.
Texto completoMarçais, Jean. "Variabilités des temps de résidence de l’eau et du débit dans les rivières et les nappes phréatiques : implications sur la qualité de l’eau : inférence, modélisation et prédiction des temps de transit de l’eau dans les bassins versants". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B025/document.
Texto completoGroundwater travel time controls contaminant transport, weathering processes and biogeochemical cycles. Groundwater travel time is a fundamental descriptor characterizing the transit time of water inside the catchment, from precipitation events to the streams. Quantifying these transit times is pivotal to predict the impact of anthropogenic pressure and assess freshwater ecosystems resilience. However, streamwater and groundwater are a mixture of water of different ages (the transit time and the residence time distribution), which vary according to climatic forcings. This makes difficult its characterization and prediction. Here we infer residence times with geochemical tracers and data-driven models. We show how this can be constrained by silicate weathering at the catchment scale. We then develop a novel process-based framework, which can model discharge and transit time seasonal and interannual variabilities. We identify water table fluctuations, its interaction with permeable soil layers and the resulting subsurface stormflow generation as a key process for seasonal water quality variations described by dissolved silica measurements. Finally, we draw a reactivity framework to represent biogeochemical processes. Indeed, evaluating reactive solute degradation is needed to assess the efficiency of reducing fertilizer loads, to predict the long term evolution of in stream solute concentrations and the eutrophication potential of freshwater bodies. Modeling the reactivity at the catchment scale is the missing link to understand, quantify and predict the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the critical zone
Moussa, Haidar Chaden. "Évaluation de la qualité de l’eau du bassin supérieur de la rivière du Litani, Liban : approche hydrogéochimique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0295/document.
Texto completoLebanon has abundant water, but its river is polluted. The Litani River is the largest one, draining from north to south in the central core of the country (Bekaa Valley) before turning west to the sea. It crosses down a rather deep valley and passes by several urban agglomerations and industrial zones, which use its water as a discharge system of their waste. This study shows the impact of the anthropic activities on the water quality of this river. Physical (pH, T°, TDS, Ec), chemical (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl?, SO2?4, NH3+, NO?3, PO2?4, K+, BOD5 and COD), heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, Al, Ba, Pb, Mn) and microbiological parameters of water quality assessment and sediment for the Upper Litani River Basin was performed. They were investigated during three seasons of rainy, mid-rainy spring and wet season, during the years 2010-2013 to determine correlation between chosen chemical water parameters and bottom sediments parameters. Microbiological and physico-chemical analyses are performed in accordance International methods (e.g. European Standard Methods, WHO). In addition, Multivariate statistical methods (Hierarchical Clustering Analysis: HCA, and Principal Component Analysis: PCA) and Pearson’s correlation were applied to figure out the influence of pollutants disposal in the Lake and the River as well. Sediments were characterized by a set of chemical analyses, cations exchange capacity, mineralogical X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To assess metal contamination in sediments, Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines of Wisconsin (CBSQG) were applied. The metals contamination in the sediments was also evaluated by contamination factor (Cf), and the results showed that the effect of seasonal variations was important in the Upper Litani River Basin and the degree of contamination was increased in dry season. All the sites are characterized by moderate to highly microbial polluted range and some site was highly polluted and contaminated
Nehme, Nada. "Évaluation de la qualité de l’eau du bassin inférieur de la rivière du Litani, Liban : approche environnementale". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0296/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this study was to evaluate water quality of the lower Litani River and assess its feasibility for multi-purpose usage as one of the solutions to the aggravated water problems in Lebanon, To identify possible sources of metals (i.e. geological and/or anthropogenic) and then to characterize the chemical behavior of these metals in water and bed sediments, water and bed load sediments were sampled at six representatives sites which are investigated over three seasons of the year 2011-2012 (i.e. rainy, mid-rainy and dry seasons), The PCA (principal component analysis) method was used to interpret the elemental concentrations in the river water. Results show that among 18 variables, which were evaluated to characterize their physic-chemistry and metals, there are only 4 (Fe, NO2-, CaCO3, Cu) that were determined the type of environmental studied; Three groups were identified and differentiated by PCA according to the seasons. The first group includes all statements made in the mid rainy season and has a dialogue rich in Fe and NO2, and low in NH4 and EC. The second group formed in dry season, and surveys show physicochemical characteristics opposite to those in the first group, the third group formed in mid rainy, and showed the low concentration of K+, PO43- and Cl-. Sediments were characterized by a set of cations exchange capacity, granulometric, diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR( The FTIR analysis shows that the amount of montomorillonite is less than kaolinite and very much less than quartz and calcite. Pearson’s correlation was also performed in this study to compare to and determine the correlation between heavy metals in the sediments. Geo-accumulation (Igeo) index, Contamination Factor (Cf), and contamination degree (Cd) were also applying to assess the level of contamination in the sites. The results shows that the concentration of Pb, Fe are high in the site S5, S6 and the value of Cr ,Ni, are high in the S6, this results suggest that special attention must be given to the issue of element re-mobilization, because a large portion of elements in sediments are likely to release back into the water column. All the sites are characterized by moderate to highly microbial polluted range. The degree of contamination was increased in dry season. However, no critical physicochemical pollution has been reported in this part of the river; except the high concentration of Fe and NO2- in all investigated sites due to the reject of wastewater and to the distribution of touristic activities in the LLRB, the Concentrations of seven heavy metals is high(Cu, Fe, Cd , Mn , Cr, Zn, Ni and Pb) for sediment is higher according to Consensus-based sediment quality guidelines of Wisconsin (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2003) were applied to assess metal contamination in sediment
Bélisle, Simon. "Portrait de l'utilisation du suivi en continu de la qualité de l’eau potable dans les municipalités du Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28191/28191.pdf.
Texto completoChemical and bacteriological contamination of drinking water has been highly publicized through the media and has raised public awareness of drinking water quality in municipal utilities. Online and real-time monitoring of drinking water quality has grown in popularity in the last few years, carving its place in drinking water quality surveillance. This portrait of the use of online monitoring of drinking water quality is based on a survey conducted in all of Quebec municipalities that operate a drinking water utility (810 municipalities). Descriptive analysis of the data has shown that source type and population size as the main factors influencing the use of online monitoring. Multivariate analysis added the use of filtration and disinfection in the water treatment process as main factors of the use of online monitoring. Respondents mentioned early warning capabilities and water baseline creation possibilities as reasons encouraging the use of online monitoring. High cost, low contamination risk and, in some cases, absence of regulation as reasons discouraging the use of these technologies. All of these factors and reasons are influenced by legislation, specifically articles 5, 22 and 22.1 of Province of Quebec’s Drinking Water Quality Regulation (DWQR). The portrait has identified some problems in drinking water quality monitoring and has made possible an evaluation of online monitoring regulations contained in the DWQR.
Scheili, Anna. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle de la qualité de l’eau potable des petits réseaux : facteurs explicatifs et développement d'outils de gestion". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26050.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the determination of factors that impact the spatio-temporal variability of drinking water quality in small systems and on the development of management tools intended to operators. Data was provided by sampling campaigns conducted in 25 small systems in two Canadian provinces (Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador). The first chapter draws a spatio-temporal portrait of raw and drinking water quality in the systems under study. Some factors affecting the quality of drinking water are identified. In the second chapter, a drinking water quality index is developed. Four customized monitoring scenarios are proposed according to the specific needs of small systems, which allow the appropriate representation of global drinking water quality. The third chapter identifies raw water quality parameters and climate factors that have an important impact on the temporal variability of drinking water quality. Based on these factors, a logistic regression model allows the development of a tool that estimates the probability of the deterioration of drinking water quality. The last chapter considers human operational factors as impact factors in drinking water quality management. A categorization leads to the determination of the most important human operational factors contributing to drinking water quality. A multi-level model is applied to evaluate the relative contribution of human operational factors in comparison to the impact of raw water quality and treatment. Finally, the impact of the temporal variability of human operational factors on drinking water quality is investigated. Keywords: Water quality, drinking water, small systems, spatio-temporal variability, water quality index, climate factors, human operational factors, management tools.
Millet, Pierre. "Modélisation du transfert et du transport de composés organiques des matériaux dans l’eau potable : Applications aux réseaux d’eau intérieurs". Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCR0039.
Texto completoThe French Public Health Code sets out the requirement on tap water quality and the materials used in the contact of drinking water are subject to the Attestation of Sanitary Conformity. However, organoleptic degradation can remain in tap water. A bibliographic study has shown that organoleptic degradation could be caused by the presence of chemicals migrating from materials and by complex hydrodynamic phenomenon. A compartmental model has been developed. It models the transfer and the transport of chemicals from materials to water. This approach allows to combine the study of transfer of chemical from the material and the study of hydrodynamics in private water installations. It provides the opportunity i)- to observe the impact of dynamic operating conditions on the concentration of chemicals in tap water ii)- to make diagnostics of the installation to avoid disagreements and iii)- to study the quantity of chemicals deliver in tap water in function of consumption habits of the users. The study of chemicals transfer phenomenon in dynamic conditions has shown the impact of water temperature, turbulent agitation and duration of the use of materials on migration kinetics of chemicals. However, the experiences made with compartmental model have indicated that the leaching of chemicals in dynamic conditions was negligible compared with the leaching of chemicals in static conditions. Indeed, the static contact time is far more important that the dynamic one. However, it has been shown that the hydrodynamics could have a significant impact on tap water quality, particularly due to exchanges between different parts of the networks. Finally, the complex scenario development based on consumption habits of the users have shown that the quantity of chemicals ingest by the consumers were strongly dependant of the consumption behaviour of the users. The approach could be a part of a process like the threshold of toxicological concern based on the prediction of the daily quantities of chemicals ingest
Vincent, Audrey. "L’agriculture biologique comme réponse à la pollution de l’eau : apports de la géographie pour comprendre les dynamiques en cours". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2050/document.
Texto completoThe conservation of water resources is a major issue in France because of the increasing problem of water pollution by nitrates and pesticides used in agriculture. In this context, organic farming is seen as a promising solution to this problem because of its Regulation that prohibits the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. In 2009, the Grenelle Law stated that priority should be given to organic farming in water catchment areas. This research aims at analysing why and how organic farming has been called in to tackle water pollution problems. It is based on a multi-level analysis. Firstly, the evolution over time of water and agriculture policies (as well as the sectorial paradigms that underly them) is analysed in order to understand how « organic farming » and « the protection of water ressources » came to be associated in public policies. Secondly, a case study is carried out to analyse how local stakeholders take up this idea in setting up projects aimed at developing organic farming toprotect water quality. Particular attention is paid to investigating the stakeholder networks andthe geographical scales at which the projects are implemented. Thirdly, social representations that farmers have of the water question and of organic farming are studied. To conclude, this work examines the contribution of geography to the understanding of an emerging feature: the place-based development of organic farming to tackle environmental problems. It creates new research perspectives related to the analysis of ecological transitions of agriculture, a topic that was so far largely ignored by geographers
Trépos, Ronan. "Apprentissage symbolique à partir de données issues de simulation pour l’aide à la décision : gestion d’un bassin versant pour une meilleure qualité de l’eau". Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S004.
Texto completoOne often finds it difficult to analyze the results of a simulation model that represents the behavior of an environmental system. This is due to the large number of input variables and the complexity of interactions between the simulated processes. We have proposed to use symbolic learning techniques in order to perform this analyze, the goal of which is to learn classification rules for decision support. Two rule-learning methods have been developed and compared. In our context, the objects to be analyzed are tree structures, the nodes of which are labelled by attributes. Afterwards, we have developed a system which, from induced rules, suggests actions so that a situation proposed by a user can be improved. These contributions have been motivated by the SACADEAU project, devoted to develop a decision support system for the management of catchment areas. The project relies on a model that combines a model of farming practices with a model of pesticides transfer
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Qualité de l’eau"
"Améliorer la qualité de l’eau". En Boîte à outils pour des politiques et la gouvernance de l’eau. OECD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/37f69db6-fr.
Texto completoEuzen, Agathe. "26. Voir, goûter, sentir... perceptions de la qualité de l'eau par les Parisiens". En L’eau mondialisée, 471–83. La Découverte, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dec.schne.2010.01.0471.
Texto completoBernhardt, Elisabeth Mullin, Sarantuyaa Zandaryaa, Giuseppe Arduino y Blanca Jiménez-Cisneros. "Les SfN pour la gestion de la qualité de l’eau". En Rapport mondial des Nations Unies sur la mise en valeur des ressources en eau, 58–71. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/f37af152-fr.
Texto completoBéduneau-Wang, Laurent. "II. La valeur de l’eau à travers les processus d’évaluation et de valorisation de la qualité de l’eau". En Écologie politique de l'eau, 399–413. Hermann, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/herm.pierr.2017.01.0399.
Texto completoPautrot, Jean-Louis. "Roads, rivers, canals: spaces of freedom from Epstein to Vigo". En Screening the Paris suburbs. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526106858.003.0004.
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