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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Refractive error"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de junio de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Refractive error"

Ejukonemu, Barbie O. M. "Refracting The Diseased Eye." Bayero Journal of Nursing and Health Care 3, no. 2 (September 11, 2022): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bjnhc.v3i2.9.

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Refractive error refers to ocular refractive status where images of objects of regard do not fall on the retina in a relaxed eye - the ametropic eye. Thus, objects are perceived as blur. Refractive error is an aberration in an otherwise normal physiological phenomenon and not a disease. Uncorrected refractive errors are the second most causes of blindness after cataract and the cause of almost half of visual impairment. Clinical refraction is a careful scientific procedure employed to correct refractive error. Given that refractive error is the most common reason patients present to the eye care practitioner, a lot of attention must be given to refraction. When an irreversible eye disease co-exist with refractive error, then correction of refractive error under this circumstance; refracting the diseased eye (RDE) become very challenging and painstaking. There will be likelihood of irregularities in the transparent refractive surfaces of the eye due to disease or surgery which make refraction difficult both for the patient and the examiner. Personal clinical experience of the author who is a low vision consultant and review of related literature from textbooks and journals are brought to bear in this article. This paper is a review of the RDE algorithm with delineation of these steps to enable an effective refractive endpoint for the eye with disease. The paper will enable young Optometrists to deal with refractive error masquerading irreversible eye disease. It is also an essential reading for the low vision Optometrist in mastering the art and science of low vision refraction.

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Nimi, R., R.S. Nishi, and S. Anitha. "Association of Ametropia in Children with the Refractive Status of Their Parents: A Case Control Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2023): 984–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11509648.

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Background: Refractive error is the condition in which incident parallel rays of light do not come to a focus upon the retina. It is one of the important causes of treatable visual impairment among children. Most of the refractive errors are potentially correctable with spectacles which is relatively an inexpensive modality of treatment. Aim of the study is to find out whether there is any association between the refractive status of children and their parents. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 2018-2019.232 cases and 208 controls were included in the study. Cycloplegic refraction was done with or without post mydriatic test. Parental refraction was also assessed. Results: A total of 440 children were included in the study;232 cases and 208 controls. Among the cases 41.3% were males and 58.6% were females. 43.8% were males and 56.2% were females among the control group. In 30.6% children with unilateral refractive errors, only single parent had refractive error.(p value-0.005) and in 5.6% ,both parents had refractive errors.(p value 0.013).Both were statistically significant. Parents of 31.7% of cases with refractive errors in both eyes had unilateral refractive error (p value-0.011) and 5.5% had refractive error in both eyes (p value-0.011).Both were statistically significant. Among the control group, 1.9% had refractive errors in both the parents; whereas 20.2% has refractive error in a single parent. The parents of 61.5% cases had refractive errors. This was found to be statistically significant( p value – 0.005).In 30.6% children with unilateral refractive error, only single parent had refractive error(p value-0.005) and 5.6% both parents had refractive errors(p value-0.031%) which were found to be significant. In 31.7% of children with refractive error in both the eyes, only one parent had refractive error p value-(0.011) and 5.5% had refractive error in both the parents(p value-0.011).Both were found to be significant. Conclusion: The results of the present study shows a strong association between the refractive status of children and their parents. This points towards the importance of regular screening of children of ametropic parents for the development of any refractive error as they grow.

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Godar, Srijana Thapa. "MAGNITUDE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN CHILDREN IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF WESTERN NEPAL." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.167.

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Background: Refractive error is one of the most common causes of the visual impairment and second leading cause of treatable blindness. The objective of the study was to determine the magnitude of refractive errors in children. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted on 254 children attending Ophthalmology OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. The children whose visual acuity was worse than 6/6 but improved with pinhole were included in this study. Vision test, retinoscopy and subjective refraction was done in all subjects and cycloplegic refraction was done when needed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Epi-info version 7. Results: The commonest type of refractive error was astigmatism (46.06%) followed by myopia (42.31%). Majority of children had low grade of refractive errors (46.85%). Among the children, “with the rule astigmatism” was maximum (27.56%). Majority of children were in the age between 11 to 15 years (77.95%). The refractive error was seen more in female (63.78%). Among the children of refractive errors, 29.13% had family history, 33.46% had given the history of wearing spectacles and 10.24% children had amblyopia. There was statistically significant association between refractive errors and age groups, history of wearing spectacles, amblyopia and grading of refractive errors. However, there was no statistically significant association of refractive error with gender, residence and family history. Conclusions: Astigmatism was the common type of refractive error followed by myopia. This study emphasizes the importance of detection of refractive error in children.

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Godar, Srijana Thapa. "Magnitude of refractive errors in children in tertiary care hospital of western Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v10i2.29674.

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Yadav, Himanshu Kumar, Snigdha Sen, Preeti Gupta, Renu Agrawal, and Niranjan Singh. "Assessment of Refractive Status of 5-15 Years Old Children Attending Government Schools of Rural Agra." Healthline 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51957/healthline_304_2021.

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Introduction: In children uncorrected refractive errors have a profound effect on educational and psychosocial development hence it is necessary to estimate the prevalence both at the community and at the school level to aid planning and implementation of refractive error services in children. Objective: To determine the refractive status of 5 to 15 years old children attending government schools of rural areas of district Agra, Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. Method: Study conducted on 902 students of age group 5-15 years of randomly selected government schools of Bichpuri Block of district Agra. Children underwent visual acuity assessment and torch light examination, height and weight measurement. Children with VA ≤6/9 were further examined and cycloplegic retinoscopy, fundus examination, slit lamp examination and post mydriatic refraction was done. On the basis of values of cycloplegic refraction and post mydriatic refraction, refractive error was classified as myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism. Statistical Analysis was done by applying Chi square test. Result: Out of 902 children, 125 children (13.86 %) were having refractive error of which 76 were myopic (8.43%), 39 were astigmatic (4.32%) and 10 were hypermetropic (1.11%). There was an increase in the overall prevalence of refractive error with advancing age. There was no significant association of refractive error with gender and nutritional status. Conclusion: Vision screening of school children is very useful for early detection and correction of refractive errors. Screening of the refractive errors in school should be carried out periodically and regularly.

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Kerkar, Sheela, and Apurva Thombre. "An observational study to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors in children aged 3-17 years in Mumbai, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201632.

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Background: Refractive error is one of the most important causes of avoidable visual impairment. Early detection of refractive error in children is essential to avoid any permanent disability. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors as per age, gender and educational standard in school children aged 3-17 years.Methods: This was an observational non-interventional study. 600 eyes of 300 participants in the age group of 3-17 years were evaluated. All underwent cycloplegic refraction followed by objective refraction. Participants were divided into 3 groups as follows 3-8 years, 9-12 years and 13-17 years and evaluation of type of refractive error was done age wise and gender wise.Results: The number of male and female participants was almost similar with a male:female ratio of 1.02:1. Refractive errors were most common in the age group of 9-12 years. The most common refractive error was astigmatism followed by myopia and hypermetropia. It was also found that majority of patients had bilateral refractive errors.Conclusions: The most common refractive error was astigmatism followed by myopia and hypermetropia. It was also found that majority of patients had bilateral refractive errors. The visual acuity in majority was 6/18 which according to WHO classification falls in Category 0 of Visual impairment in India.

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Taludhar, S., and S. Dhakal. "Refractive Error Profile in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 2, no. 2 (July 20, 2013): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8324.

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INTRODUCTION: Refractive error is one of the causes of avoidable blindness. Myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism are the common types of refractive error. Not many studies are done to detect pattern of refractive error in Western Nepal. So, the study will determine the prevalence and distribution of refractive errors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of all consecutive patients of age less than 40 years who visited eye department, Gandaki Medical College, between May 2010 and May 2011 was conducted. Visual acuity, naked eye and pin hole examination was done by ophthalmic assistant with cycloplegic refraction when needed. Those who did not turn up for refraction were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A total of 601 patients were seen within the study period. Mean age of male patients was 22.4 years }0.6 (95% CI, 21.2-23.6 years) and mean age of female patients was 24.2 years }0.5 (95% CI, 23.2-25.2 years). Majority of the patients were in age group 11-20 years (39.3%). Myopia was the most common refractive error (43.3%) followed by simple myopic astigmatism (23.8%). Refractive errors were more common in females. CONCLUSIONS: Myopia was the commonest refractive compared to hypermetropia. Refractive error was more common in females than in males. Such studies help to know the picture of refractive errors in community and such reports are helpful in planning programme to prevent avoidable blindness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8324 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):59-63

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Al Bahhawi, Tariq, Anwar M. Makeen, Hadi Hassan Daghreeri, Mohannad Faisal Tobaigy, Abdulrahman Mohammed Adawi, Faisal Mohammed Guhal, Murad Abdullah Akkur, et al. "Refractive Error among Male Primary School Students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and Associated Factors." Open Ophthalmology Journal 12, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874364101812010264.

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Background: Refractive error is a common and serious eye disorder that affects more than 153 million people globally. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and pattern of refractive error among male primary school children in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomly selected group of 395 students (aged 6-14 years) in Jazan region, Southwest Saudi Arabia. An optometrist and medical students assessed the refraction error using an autorefractor, a Snellen E chart and retinoscopy. Results: The overall prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in either eye was, 22% higher among rural students. The most prevalent refractive error was hyperopia (32.2%) followed by myopic astigmatism (31%) then myopia (17.2%). Next were hyperopic astigmatism (16.1%) and mixed astigmatism (3.5%). The following variables were associated with a higher risk of refractive errors and myopia: living in rural areas, having parents with refractive errors, spending more time on electronic devices and shorter visual distances. Conclusion: Refractive error was highly prevalent among primary school children in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The rural students were more affected by refractive errors, mainly hyperopia. The preschool vision test should be reconsidered, and a periodic vision examination should be applied to detect vision problems as early as possible.

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Hazarika, Himanto Nath, Dipak Bhuyan, Suranjana Chaliha Hazarika, and Sujit Addya. "Refractive errors in age group seven to fifteen years: North-east India scenario." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 6 (May 22, 2017): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172151.

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Background: The objectives of study were to find out the different types of refractive errors in children between seven to fifteen years age group and the cause of uncorrected defective vision.Methods: A prospective study was designed of two thousand children aged between seven to fifteen years, attending outpatient department. Study period was one year. Consent was obtained from their guardian. Inclusion criteria were children with refractive errors. Children presenting with organic defects of ocular structures, infections, corneal opacity, cataract, choroid and retinal disorders were excluded from study. Data were collected by history taking and comprehensive ocular examination, visual tests for both near and distant vision. Refractive error assessed by cycloplegic drug with one percent Homatropine eye drops, by streak retinoscopy. Objective refraction were carried out and documented. Subjective refraction was done after one week. Both BCVA and uncorrected refractive errors were ascertained and recorded.Results: Out of two thousand children examined, myopic = 34%, hypermetropic = 11%, and astigmatic = 55%. M: F = 900:1000. Study showed headache as the commonest symptom. 17% of the patients had positive family history. Correctable errors constitute 91% of the total cases.Conclusions: Myopic astigmatism was found to be the most frequent refractive error in children. Mass screening is required for early diagnosis of refractive error. Prescribing corrective glasses for children with refractive errors at an early age will prevent childhood morbidity.

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Chean, Chung Shen, Boon Kang Aw Yong, Samuel Comely, Deena Maleedy, Stephen Kaye, Mark Batterbury, Vito Romano, Esmaeil Arbabi, and Victor Hu. "Refractive outcomes following cataract surgery in patients who have had myopic laser vision correction." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 4, no. 1 (April 2019): e000242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000242.

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ObjectivePrediction errors are increased among patients presenting for cataract surgery post laser vision correction (LVC) as biometric relationships are altered. We investigated the prediction errors of five formulae among these patients.Methods and analysisThe intended refractive error was calculated as a sphero-cylinder and as a spherical equivalent for analysis. For determining the difference between the intended and postoperative refractive error, data were transformed into components of Long's formalism, before changing into sphero-cylinder notation. These differences in refractive errors were compared between the five formulae and to that of a control group using a Kruskal-Wallis test. An F-test was used to compare the variances of the difference distributions.Results22 eyes post LVC and 19 control eyes were included for analysis. Comparing both groups, there were significant differences in the postoperative refractive error (p=0.038). The differences between the intended and postoperative refractive error were greater in post LVC eyes than control eyes (p=0.012), irrespective of the calculation method for the intended refractive error (p<0.01). The mean difference between the intended and postoperative refractive error was relatively small, but its variance was significantly greater among post LVC eyes than control eyes (p<0.01). Among post LVC eyes, there were no significant differences between the mean intended target refraction and between the intended and postoperative refractive error using five biometry formulae (p=0.76).ConclusionBiometry calculations were less precise for patients who had LVC than patients without LVC. No particular biometry formula appears to be superior among patients post LVC.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Refractive error"

Smith, Kyla M. "Field measures of refractive error /." Adobe Acrobat Reader required to view document, 2008. http://library.neco.edu/theses/SmithThesisMay08.pdf.

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Ng, Siu-chun Danny, and 吳兆駿. "The prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive error in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4804331X.

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Purpose: WHO reports 46% of world vision impairment from refractive error (RE) among children occurs in China. We estimated RE prevalence and associated vision impairment (VI) among Chinese children and adults. Methods: Data from population-based studies were stratified by gender in age intervals of 3 years (ages 3-17 y) or 10 years (ages >= 30 y): counts of persons with myopia (worse eye spherical equivalent <= -1.0D, <= -2.0D, <= -6.0D) and prevalence of low vision (< 6/12 in the better-seeing eye for children and < 6/18 for adults) and blindness (<=6/60) attributable to RE. Figures for VI included persons with habitual vision below the cutoff improving to above the cutoff with refraction, and those with myopic retinopathy. Estimates for ages 18-29 y were obtained from regression models derived from the pooled estimates. Prevalence of myopia and VI attributable to RE in each age/gender category was calculated by applying modeled rates to 2000 China census figures and projections for 2020. Association with VI attributable to RE was tested for: gender, urban versus rural residence, and residence in provinces with per capita GDP in the upper versus lower 50% for China. Results: Data were obtained from 5 cohorts for children and 14 for adults. There were 291 million and 21.4 million persons with myopia <= -1.0D and <= -6.0D respectively in 2000, expected to rise to 306 million and 36.9 million by 2020. Of these, 18.4 million were blind and 116 million had low vision in 2000, with figures of 25.3 million and 123 million in 2020. Children accounted for the following proportion of RE disease burden in China in 2000: myopia <= -1.0D: 19.0%; RE-associated low vision: 56.1%; blindness: 14.1%. Refractive error was responsible for 82.3% of blindness and 90.5% of low vision among children, and 11.6% and 64.4% of blindness and low vision among adults. Urban residence (OR 1.85, P = 0.004) and higher GDP (OR 10.6, P < 0.001) were associated with refractive blindness among children. For adults, lower GDP was associated with refractive blindness (OR 1.47, P = 0.01). Gender was un-associated with refractive blindness among children or adults. Conclusions: Both children and adults suffer a heavy burden of VI associated with RE in China. Income may affect risk for such VI differently among children and adults. published_or_final_version Public Health Master Master of Public Health

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Marks, Amanda R. "Nutrition, Vitamin D and Refractive Error." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275397144.

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Hartwig, Andreas. "The influence of optics, peripheral refraction and posture on refractive error development." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-influence-of-optics-peripheral-refraction-and-posture-on-refractive-error-development(f0382767-3194-4631-8cab-d473d64900bd).html.

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The aim of the present project was to analyse the link between peripheral posture, optics, optics and refractive error progression. Preliminary studies were conducted to ensure that peripheral aberrometry is valid for further analysis. The repeatability of the IRX-3 for peripheral aberrometry was asgood as for central measurements and the recalculation of elliptical pupils did not seem to be necessary for measurements up to 20 degrees eccentricity. Higher order aberration measurements werecomparable to other studies. Eye and head movements as well as working distance did not differ significantly between myopes and non-myopes. However, there was some evidence, that forward bending of the head during reading increases in association with higher refractive error progression rates. The link between central higher order aberrations and refractive error development was analysed by comparing higher order aberrations between isometropes and anisometropes. This analysisdid not show any significant association of higher order aberrations on the development, as no major differences were found between the two groups. For central vision, changes in biometric parameters during accommodation were analysed. It was found that biometric parameters change similarly in myopes and non-myopes. Peripheral accommodation was found to differ between myopes and emmetropes indicating that there might be an influence of peripheral refraction on myopisation. However, associationbetween peripheral refraction or peripheral aberrations and refractive error progression were not significant. The reason for this observation might be the low refractive error progression (0.04± 0.29 D in myopes and -0.12 ± 0.38 D in emmetropes) during one year in the study population.

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Shah, Rupal Lalit. "Discovery of genetic determinants for refractive error." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/114602/.

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Refractive errors such as myopia are the leading cause of reversible visual impairment worldwide with their prevalence rapidly increasing, resulting in greater burden on public health services. The aim of this series of investigations was to leverage the latest statistical methods and large-scale cohorts available in order to develop our understanding of the genetic determinants for the refractive error traits of spherical equivalent, corneal astigmatism and refractive astigmatism. Investigation of genetic variants on the X-chromosome, a region often neglected in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), identified four genes demonstrating association in a gene-based analysis of spherical equivalent for a cohort of teenagers. Meta-analysis of GWAS results for corneal astigmatism including European and Asian ancestry cohorts performed on behalf of the CREAM consortium successfully replicated the previously identified association near the PDGFRA gene (lead variant: rs7673984, odds ratio = 1.12, P = 5.55 × 10−9). The availability of data from the UK Biobank facilitated the largest GWAS for corneal and refractive astigmatism performed to date (N = 86,335 and 88,005 respectively). Here, GWAS for these traits identified four and two novel loci associated with corneal and refractive astigmatism respectively. Each of these loci had previously been associated with other ocular traits including myopia. Phenotypic variance explained by common genetic variants was relatively low for corneal and refractive astigmatism at ~6% and ~5% respectively, thus proposing a greater role for rare variants in explaining astigmatism variance due to genetics. Lastly, in order to link identified variants and genes functionally influenced in myopia development, several candidate myopia genes identified from a primate myopia model demonstrated enrichment with refractive error associated variants in human samples. Overall, the findings from these investigations are a starting point in guiding further research into the complex biological mechanisms underlying refractive error development.

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Graham, Nicholas Dale. "The Heritability of Refractive Error between Siblings." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275350173.

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Smith, Molly J. "Peripheral Refractive Error in Multifocal Contact Lenses." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460470062.

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McBrien, N. A. "The relationship between accommodation responses and refractive error." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376826.

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Merchea, Mohinder Mohan. "Refractive error shift with continuous use (Rescu) lenses." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054652868.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 144 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-144). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Kearney, Stephanie. "Myopia : the association between environmental factors and refractive error." Thesis, Ulster University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725340.

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Libros sobre el tema "Refractive error"

Lee, Andrew G., Hilary Beaver, T. Ashwini Kini, Bayan Al Othman, and Natalie DeBolske. Refractive Error in the Geriatric Population. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22261-1.

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Levy, Ivor S. MCQs in optics and refraction for the Royal College of Ophthalmologists examinations. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

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Amar, Agarwal, ed. Refractive surgery nightmares: Conquering refractive surgery catastrophes. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK, 2007.

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R, Schwab Ivan, ed. Refractive keratoplasty. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1987.

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Hampton, Roy Frederick, ed. Refractive surgery. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders/Elsevier, 2008.

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Rapuano, Christopher J. Refractive surgery. 2nd ed. [San Francisco, Calif.]: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2011.

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Danzo, Mark S. Marketing and managing your refractive surgery venture. Fairfax, VA: American Society of Ophthalmic Administrators, 1997.

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1953-, Kershner Robert M., ed. Refractive surgery for eyecare paraprofessionals. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK, 1997.

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J, Norath David, and Reffner Richard, eds. The retinoscopy book: An introductory manual for eye care professionals. 4th ed. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Inc., 1996.

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Caroline, Christie, ed. Clinical optics and refraction: A guide for optometrists, contact lens opticians, and dispensing opticians. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Refractive error"

Savini, Giacomo, and Kenneth J. Hoffer. "Data Analysis in IOL Power Calculations." In Intraocular Lens Calculations, 135–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_6.

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AbstractThis chapters describe the guidelines for studies on IOL power calculation. Information about sample size, timing of postoperative refraction measurement, constant optimization, prediction error and standard deviation calculation, prediction error distribution, mean and median absolute errors, and statistical methods to analyze the refractive outcomes are provided by the authors to the readers.

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Olsen, Thomas. "Fellow Eye Calculation." In Intraocular Lens Calculations, 999–1003. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_72.

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AbstractWhen we see a refractive prediction error of the first eye, we may ask the question of how to use that information to improve the prediction for the second eye. Having ruled out any misreadings, recording errors, IOL constant, IOL power label error, or other obvious mistakes, we still see that the prediction error in the first eye correlates with that of the second eye. Based on correlation analysis, it is possible to empirically adjust for the error and improve the second eye prediction, irrespective of the formula used. The refraction error can be translated to the IOL power of the second eye. Another option is to use the IOL position of the first eye in a ray-tracing thick lens model of the second eye.

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Aramberri, Jaime, Giacomo Savini, and Kenneth J. Hoffer. "IOL Power Calculation After Corneal Refractive Surgery." In Intraocular Lens Calculations, 905–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_65.

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AbstractIntraocular lens (IOL) power calculation is affected by the effect of any previous corneal refractive surgery. In this chapter, an extensive analysis of the different sources of error and the correspondent solutions is performed. Corneal shape change and keratometric error are the main contributors to the final refractive error. Incorrect IOL position estimation is another potential cause of error in determined formulas. New corneal tomographers and the use of a correct calculation method will improve the outcomes avoiding the commission of significant errors. A classification of the published methods to be used in these cases with their performance data will allow the surgeon to select the best option in each particular case.

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Hung, George K., and Kenneth J. Ciuffreda. "Models of Refractive Error Development." In Models of the Visual System, 643–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5865-8_18.

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Park, Jonathan C., Leo J. Feinberg, and David H. Jones. "What does refractive error mean?" In Refraction and Retinoscopy, 5–14. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003329329-3.

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McClatchey, Scott K., and Thaddeus S. McClatchey. "IOL Power Choice in Children." In Intraocular Lens Calculations, 973–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50666-6_70.

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AbstractThe choice of IOL power for a child should take into consideration the myopic shift that results from ocular growth with age. The goal of cataract surgery in children is twofold: optimal management of vision in childhood and emmetropia in adult life. The former requires spectacles to manage the changing refractive error in the growing eye, as well as often-intensive treatment for amblyopia. The latter requires a combination of careful choice of the initial postoperative refraction based on age, with a goal of achieving an adult refractive error that can be easily managed with spectacles or contact lenses. Ideally, a child should have a small amount of initial hypermetropia. The growth of the eye follows a logarithmic curve with age. The eye grows as the child grows: rapidly at first, then slowing down over time. This growth induces a myopic shift.

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Beaver, Hilary. "Refractive Error in the Geriatric Population." In Geriatric Ophthalmology, 7–13. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b137372_2.

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Beaver, Hilary. "Refractive Error in the Geriatric Population." In Geriatric Ophthalmology, 7–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0014-2_2.

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Kuriakose, Thomas. "Evaluating Refractive Error and Prescribing Glasses." In Clinical Insights and Examination Techniques in Ophthalmology, 45–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2890-3_5.

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Beaver, Hilary A. "Refractive Error in the Geriatric Population." In Geriatric Ophthalmology, 7–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04019-2_2.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Refractive error"

Hellis, Matthew, Jorge Lasarte, Suzanne Martin, Matthew Sheehan, and Kevin Murphy. "Can Holographic Lenses Provide Vision Correction? Modelling the Limitations." In Frontiers in Optics, JW5A.42. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.jw5a.42.

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Focus/defocus Holographic Optical Lenses were modelled to determine their limitations for vision refractive error correction. The parameters of holographic thickness, spatial frequency, refractive index modulation and diffraction efficiency were modelled computationally for a +3.5-dioptre power.

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Hao, Xuchen, Weifang Zhu, and Xinjian Chen. "RER-Net: Refractive Error Regression Network for Multi-Angle Eccentric Photorefraction Pupil Images." In 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635762.

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Wu, Peng, Kairui Xing, and Changzhe Wu. "Analysis of Atmospheric Refractive Index Error Based on Ground-Based Radiometer Microwave Transmission Mode." In 2024 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), 1–3. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt61774.2024.10672044.

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Qiao, Dianfeng, Chunlei Han, Kunzheng Zhou, and Rui An. "Atmospheric Refraction Error Correction based on Iterative Integral for Low Latitudes." In 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA), 1403–7. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciba62489.2024.10868951.

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Yeh, Feng-Ming, Chun-Yu Chiang, Chao-Kai Chang, Hsuan-Fu Wang, Chuen-Lin Tien, and Der-Chin Chen. "Compact Refractive Error Measuring Device." In 2023 IEEE 6th Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation (ECEI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecei57668.2023.10105334.

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Webb, Robert H., C. Murray Penney, and Keith P. Thompson. "Measurement of Local Refractive Error." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.wc3.

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We have measured refractive error through a succession of small regions of the cornea. In these initial measurements approximately twenty regions of 1 mm diameter are selected for each measured eye. For experimental convenience, the regions are chosen along vertical horizontal and 45 degree oblique meridia through a central point near the comeal apex. Refractive error at each locus is determined by a variant of the Scheiner principle.

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Bullimore, Mark A., Craig W. Adams, Robert E. Fusaro, Marcella Bauman, Russell M. Cotteral, Joy Ng Sarver, J. Daniel Twelker, and Andrew D. Graham. "Patient Acceptance of Auto-Refractor and Clinician Prescriptions: A Randomized Clinical Trial." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.sua.4.

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Auto-refractors are frequently used to provide a starting point for subjective examinations. Ancillary personnel use auto-refractors to obtain rapid estimates of patients' refractive errors which can then be refined by clinicians. Automated refraction has also found use in studies of refractive error (e.g., Zadnik et al., 1993), due to its superior repeatability to clinician refraction (Zadnik et al., 1992; Adams et al., 1995).

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Odom, Gung-mei Chao, and Leys. "Symmetrical Refractive Error Elevates Stereo Thresholds." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589861.

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Odom, J. Vernon, Gung-mei Chao, and Monique Leys. "Symmetrical refractive error elevates stereo thresholds." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761978.

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Li, Qin, Jinghua Wang, Jane You, Bob Zhang, and Fakhri Karray. "Refractive error detection via group sparse representation." In 2010 International Conference on Autonomous and Intelligent Systems (AIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ais.2010.5547046.

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Informes sobre el tema "Refractive error"

Narayan, Sonam. Addressing the Unmet Need: An Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Refractive Error and its Possible Solutions. Portland State University Library, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.87.

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Hart, Carl R., D. Keith Wilson, Chris L. Pettit, and Edward T. Nykaza. Machine-Learning of Long-Range Sound Propagation Through Simulated Atmospheric Turbulence. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41182.

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Conventional numerical methods can capture the inherent variability of long-range outdoor sound propagation. However, computational memory and time requirements are high. In contrast, machine-learning models provide very fast predictions. This comes by learning from experimental observations or surrogate data. Yet, it is unknown what type of surrogate data is most suitable for machine-learning. This study used a Crank-Nicholson parabolic equation (CNPE) for generating the surrogate data. The CNPE input data were sampled by the Latin hypercube technique. Two separate datasets comprised 5000 samples of model input. The ﬁrst dataset consisted of transmission loss (TL) ﬁelds for single realizations of turbulence. The second dataset consisted of average TL ﬁelds for 64 realizations of turbulence. Three machine-learning algorithms were applied to each dataset, namely, ensemble decision trees, neural networks, and cluster-weighted models. Observational data come from a long-range (out to 8 km) sound propagation experiment. In comparison to the experimental observations, regression predictions have 5–7 dB in median absolute error. Surrogate data quality depends on an accurate characterization of refractive and scattering conditions. Predictions obtained through a single realization of turbulence agree better with the experimental observations.

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Veleva, Nevyana, and Violeta Chernodrinska. Refractive Errors, Strabismus and Amblyopia in Mentally Retarded Children. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.01.15.

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Keener, James. Potential Measurement Errors Induced by Atmospheric Refraction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada341850.

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An empirical assessment of refraction error in leveling as a function of survey order and environment. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2114.

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