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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Skeletal muscle"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 25 de julio de 2025

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1

Zhang, Tan, Xin Feng, Bo Feng, et al. "CARDIAC TROPONIN T MEDIATED AUTOIMMUNE RESPONSE AND ITS ROLE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3231.

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Abstract Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), a key component of contractile machinery essential for muscle contraction, is also expressed in skeletal muscle under certain conditions (e.g. neuromuscular diseases and aging). We have reported that skeletal muscle cTnT regulates neuromuscular junction denervation preferentially in fast skeletal muscle of old mice. Here, we further report that cTnT is also enriched within some myofibers, and/or along microvascular walls in old mice fast skeletal muscle. Strikingly, immunoglobulin G (IgG), together with markers of complement system activation, cell death (ne

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2

Kholodnyi, R. D. "MODELING THE SKELETAL MUSCLE INJURY IN RATS." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 3 (October 18, 2022): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.3.253.

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Muscles are the most important executive organs - effectors. Both according to morphological and functional characteristics, muscles are divided into two types - striated and smooth. Striated muscles, in turn, are usually divided into skeletal and cardiac. Striated muscles form the motor apparatus of the skeleton, oculomotor, chewing and other motor systems in animals. The striated muscles, with the exception of the heart muscle, are completely controlled by the central nervous system, they are devoid of automatism.The problem of damage to skeletal muscles is very relevant and widespread. Thes

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3

Heo, Jun-Won, Su-Zi Yoo, Mi-Hyun No, et al. "Exercise Training Attenuates Obesity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Remodeling and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in the Skeletal Muscle." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102301.

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Obesity is characterized by the induction of skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Exercise has been reported as a positive regulator of skeletal muscle remodeling and apoptosis. However, the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in obese skeletal muscles have not been clearly elucidated. Four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: control (CON), control plus exercise (CON + EX), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus exercise groups (HFD + EX). After obesity was induced by 20 weeks of 60% HFD feeding,

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4

Sandage, Mary J., and Audrey G. Smith. "Muscle Bioenergetic Considerations for Intrinsic Laryngeal Skeletal Muscle Physiology." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 5 (2017): 1254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0192.

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PurposeIntrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle bioenergetics, the means by which muscles produce fuel for muscle metabolism, is an understudied aspect of laryngeal physiology with direct implications for voice habilitation and rehabilitation. The purpose of this review is to describe bioenergetic pathways identified in limb skeletal muscle and introduce bioenergetic physiology as a necessary parameter for theoretical models of laryngeal skeletal muscle function.MethodA comprehensive review of the human intrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle physiology literature was conducted. Findings regarding intr

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5

Azab, Azab. "Skeletal Muscles: Insight into Embryonic Development, Satellite Cells, Histology, Ultrastructure, Innervation, Contraction and Relaxation, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Volumetric Muscle I." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 4 (2021): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/038.

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Background: Skeletal muscles are attached to bone and are responsible for the axial and appendicular movement of the skeleton and for maintenance of body position and posture. Objectives: The present review aimed to high light on embryonic development of skeletal muscles, histological and ultrastructure, innervation, contraction and relaxation, causes, pathophysiology, and treatment of volumetric muscle injury. The heterogeneity of the muscle fibers is the base of the flexibility which allows the same muscle to be used for various tasks from continuous low-intensity activity, to repeated subma

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6

Chen, Wan-Jing, I.-Hsuan Lin, Chien-Wei Lee, and Yi-Fan Chen. "Aged Skeletal Muscle Retains the Ability to Remodel Extracellular Matrix for Degradation of Collagen Deposition after Muscle Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (2021): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042123.

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Aging causes a decline in skeletal muscle function, resulting in a progressive loss of muscle mass, quality, and strength. A weak regenerative capacity is one of the critical causes of dysfunctional skeletal muscle in elderly individuals. The extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains the tissue framework structure in skeletal muscle. As shown by previous reports and our data, the gene expression of ECM components decreases with age, but the accumulation of collagen substantially increases in skeletal muscle. We examined the structural changes in ECM in aged skeletal muscle and found restricted ECM

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7

Ramamani, A., M. M. Aruldhas, and P. Govindarajulu. "Differential response of rat skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism to testosterone and estradiol." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 77, no. 4 (1999): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y99-016.

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Although reports on sex steroids have implicated them as promoting protein synthesis and also providing extra strength to the skeletal muscle, it remains unclear whether sex steroids affect glycogen metabolism to provide energy for skeletal muscle functions, since glycogen metabolism is one of the pathways that provides energy for the skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation cycle. The purpose of the current study was to show that testosterone and estradiol act differentially on skeletal muscles from different regions, differentially with reference to glycogen metabolism. To study this hypot

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8

Shiina, Takahiko, Takeshi Shima, Kazuaki Masuda, et al. "Contractile Properties of Esophageal Striated Muscle: Comparison with Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles in Rats." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/459789.

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The external muscle layer of the mammalian esophagus consists of striated muscles. We investigated the contractile properties of esophageal striated muscle by comparison with those of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Electrical field stimulation with single pulses evoked twitch-like contractile responses in esophageal muscle, similar to those in skeletal muscle in duration and similar to those in cardiac muscle in amplitude. The contractions of esophageal muscle were not affected by an inhibitor of gap junctions. Contractile responses induced by high potassium or caffeine in esophageal muscle wer

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9

Brooks, Susan V. "CURRENT TOPICS FOR TEACHING SKELETAL MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY." Advances in Physiology Education 27, no. 4 (2003): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.2003.27.4.171.

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Contractions of skeletal muscles provide the stability and power for all body movements. Consequently, any impairment in skeletal muscle function results in some degree of instability or immobility. Factors that influence skeletal muscle structure and function are therefore of great interest both scientifically and clinically. Injury, disease, and old age are among the factors that commonly contribute to impairment in skeletal muscle function. The goal of this article is to update current concepts of skeletal muscle physiology. Particular emphasis is placed on mechanisms of injury, repair, and

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10

Wu, G. Y., and J. R. Thompson. "Is methionine transaminated in skeletal muscle?" Biochemical Journal 257, no. 1 (1989): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2570281.

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Methionine transamination is extensive in rat and chick skeletal-muscle homogenates, but is barely detectable in intact rat, but not chick, skeletal muscles. Branched-chain amino acids essentially block methionine transamination in intact muscles and homogenates from both species. The physiological significance of methionine transamination in skeletal muscle is questioned.

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11

Bilston, Lynne E., Bart Bolsterlee, Antoine Nordez, and Shantanu Sinha. "Contemporary image-based methods for measuring passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 5 (2019): 1454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00672.2018.

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Skeletal muscles’ primary function in the body is mechanical: to move and stabilize the skeleton. As such, their mechanical behavior is a key aspect of their physiology. Recent developments in medical imaging technology have enabled quantitative studies of passive muscle mechanics, ranging from measurements of intrinsic muscle mechanical properties, such as elasticity and viscosity, to three-dimensional muscle architecture and dynamic muscle deformation and kinematics. In this review we summarize the principles and applications of contemporary imaging methods that have been used to study the p

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12

Høeg, Louise D., Kim A. Sjøberg, Anne-Marie Lundsgaard, et al. "Adiponectin concentration is associated with muscle insulin sensitivity, AMPK phosphorylation, and ceramide content in skeletal muscles of men but not women." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 5 (2013): 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01046.2012.

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Adiponectin is an adipokine that regulates metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity. Mechanisms behind this insulin-sensitizing effect have been investigated in rodents, but little is known in humans, especially in skeletal muscle. Women have higher serum concentrations of adiponectin than men and are generally more insulin sensitive in skeletal muscle than men. We show here that large differences exist between men and women with regard to apparent adiponectin regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Serum adiponectin was significantly associated with leg glucose

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13

Shirakawa, Tomohiko, Aki Miyawaki, Tatsuo Kawamoto, and Shoichiro Kokabu. "Natural Compounds Attenuate Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 8310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158310.

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The weight of skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of the whole weight in a healthy individual, and the normal metabolism and motor function of the muscle are indispensable for healthy life. In addition, the skeletal muscle of the maxillofacial region plays an important role not only in eating and swallowing, but also in communication, such as facial expressions and conversations. In recent years, skeletal muscle atrophy has received worldwide attention as a serious health problem. However, the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy that has been clarified at present is insufficient, a

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14

Hinkle, Richard T., Elizabeth Donnelly, David B. Cody, Russell J. Sheldon, and Robert J. Isfort. "Activation of the vasoactive intestinal peptide 2 receptor modulates normal and atrophying skeletal muscle mass and force." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 2 (2005): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00736.2004.

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Of the two known vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors (VPAC1R and VPAC2R), the VPAC2R is expressed in skeletal muscle. To evaluate the function of the VPAC2R in the physiological control of skeletal muscle mass, we utilized the VPAC1R selective agonist [K15,R16,L27]VIP(1-7) GRF(8-27)-NH2 and the VPAC2R selective agonist Ro-25-1553 to treat mice and rats undergoing either nerve damage-, corticosteroid-, or disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. These analyses demonstrated that activation of VPAC2R, but not VPAC1R, reduced the loss of skeletal muscle mass and force during conditions of skele

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15

Ardhianto, Peter, Jen-Yung Tsai, Chih-Yang Lin, et al. "A Review of the Challenges in Deep Learning for Skeletal and Smooth Muscle Ultrasound Images." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 4021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094021.

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Deep learning has aided in the improvement of diagnosis identification, evaluation, and the interpretation of muscle ultrasound images, which may benefit clinical personnel. Muscle ultrasound images presents challenges such as low image quality due to noise, insufficient data, and different characteristics between skeletal and smooth muscles that can affect the effectiveness of deep learning results. From 2018 to 2020, deep learning has the improved solutions used to overcome these challenges; however, deep learning solutions for ultrasound images have not been compared to the conditions and s

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16

Norheim, Frode, Truls Raastad, Bernd Thiede, Arild C. Rustan, Christian A. Drevon, and Fred Haugen. "Proteomic identification of secreted proteins from human skeletal muscle cells and expression in response to strength training." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 301, no. 5 (2011): E1013—E1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00326.2011.

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Regular physical activity protects against several types of diseases. This may involve altered secretion of signaling proteins from skeletal muscle. Our aim was to identify the most abundantly secreted proteins in cultures of human skeletal muscle cells and to monitor their expression in muscles of strength-training individuals. A total of 236 proteins were detected by proteome analysis in medium conditioned by cultured human myotubes, which was narrowed down to identification of 18 classically secreted proteins expressed in skeletal muscle, using the SignalP 3.0 and Human Genome Expression Pr

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17

Lieber, Richard L. "Skeletal Muscle." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (2006): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-00585.

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18

Koroteyev, Alexis, Alberto Pochettino, Hiroshi Niinami, and Larry W. Stephenson. "Skeletal Muscle." AORN Journal 53, no. 4 (1991): 1005–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)69569-6.

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19

Potthoff, Matthew J., Michael A. Arnold, John McAnally, James A. Richardson, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, and Eric N. Olson. "Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Sarcomere Integrity and Postnatal Muscle Function by Mef2c." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 23 (2007): 8143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01187-07.

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ABSTRACT Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors cooperate with the MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors to drive skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis, but little is known about the potential functions of MEF2 factors in postnatal skeletal muscle. Here we show that skeletal muscle-specific deletion of Mef2c in mice results in disorganized myofibers and perinatal lethality. In contrast, neither Mef2a nor Mef2d is required for normal skeletal muscle development in vivo. Skeletal muscle deficient in Mef2c differentiates and forms normal myo

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20

Herring, B. P., M. H. Nunnally, P. J. Gallagher, and J. T. Stull. "Molecular characterization of rat skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 2 (1989): C399—C404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.2.c399.

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A 1.85-kilobase (kb) cDNA has been isolated that encodes the catalytic and calmodulin binding domains of rat skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. The cDNA hybridized to a 3.3-kb RNA present in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles. The reported enzymatic activity (3-fold greater in fast- than slow-twitch skeletal muscles) reflects the relative abundance of this RNA in the two types of skeletal muscle. No hybridization of the cDNA was detected to RNA isolated from smooth or nonmuscle tissues. The clone cross hybridized to a 2.2-kb RNA present in cardiac tissue. Ribonuclease protection an

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21

DU, Jian-tong, Wei LI, Jin-yan YANG, Chao-shu TANG, Qi LI, and Hong-fang JIN. "Hydrogen sulfide is endogenously generated in rat skeletal muscle and exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 5 (2013): 930–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122485.

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Background Skeletal muscle has recently been recognized as an endocrine organ that can express, synthesize and secrete a variety of bioactive molecules which exert significant regulatory effects. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is endogenously produced in mammalian tissues and participates in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. We aimed to verify whether H2S could be endogenously generated and released by rat skeletal muscle, and determine the biological effects of H2S in rat skeletal muscle. Methods The study was divided into two parts: detection of endogenous H2S generation an

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22

Gao, Jinghui, Elijah Sterling, Rachel Hankin, Aria Sikal, and Yao Yao. "Therapeutics Targeting Skeletal Muscle in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Biomolecules 14, no. 7 (2024): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14070878.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration, neuromuscular junction dismantling, and muscle wasting. The pathological and therapeutic studies of ALS have long been neurocentric. However, recent insights have highlighted the significance of peripheral tissue, particularly skeletal muscle, in disease pathology and treatment. This is evidenced by restricted ALS-like muscle atrophy, which can retrogradely induce neuromuscular junction and motor neuron degeneration. Moreover, therapeutics targeting skeletal muscles ca

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23

Pistilli, Emidio E., Parco M. Siu, and Stephen E. Alway. "Interleukin-15 responses to aging and unloading-induced skeletal muscle atrophy." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 292, no. 4 (2007): C1298—C1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00496.2006.

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Interleukin-15 (IL-15) mRNA is constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle. Although IL-15 has proposed hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic roles in vitro, its role in skeletal muscle cells in vivo is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle aging and unloading, two conditions known to promote muscle atrophy, would alter basal IL-15 expression in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that IL-15 mRNA expression would increase as a result of both aging and muscle unloading and that muscle would express the mRNA for a functional trimeric IL-15 receptor (IL-15R). Two models

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24

Hitachi, Keisuke, Masashi Nakatani, and Kunihiro Tsuchida. "Long Non-Coding RNA Myoparr Regulates GDF5 Expression in Denervated Mouse Skeletal Muscle." Non-Coding RNA 5, no. 2 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna5020033.

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Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue and decreased skeletal muscle mass (muscle atrophy) results in deteriorated motor function and perturbed body homeostasis. Myogenin promoter-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Myoparr promotes skeletal muscle atrophy caused by surgical denervation; however, the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the downstream genes of Myoparr during muscle atrophy following denervation of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in C57BL/6J mice. Myoparr knockdown affected the expression of 848 genes. Sixty-five of the genes differentially regu

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25

Chen, Ting, Timothy M. Moore, Mark T. W. Ebbert, et al. "Liver kinase B1 inhibits the expression of inflammation-related genes postcontraction in skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 8 (2016): 876–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00727.2015.

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Skeletal muscle-specific liver kinase B1 (LKB1) knockout mice (skmLKB1-KO) exhibit elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling after treadmill running. MAPK activation is also associated with inflammation-related signaling in skeletal muscle. Since exercise can induce muscle damage, and inflammation is a response triggered by damaged tissue, we therefore hypothesized that LKB1 plays an important role in dampening the inflammatory response to muscle contraction, and that this may be due in part to increased susceptibility to muscle damage with contractions in LKB1-deficient muscl

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26

Aochuan, Xue, Zeng Zhaohong, Wang Huihui, Leng Hongshuai, Zha Xianjun, and Memg Longmin. "Correlation between female body mass and functional movements and skeletal muscle mass." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 3 (2022): 179–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729375.

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<strong>Objective</strong>: To investigate the correlation between body mass and functional movements with skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle distribution in women, to determine the association between body mass and functional movements with skeletal muscle mass and distribution in women, and to provide theoretical support for improving the performance of body mass and functional movements in women through dietary or exercise improvement, thus providing a basis for maintaining women's health and preventing the adverse effects of low skeletal muscle mass on health and quality of life

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27

Ito, Daisuke, Yuji Tokoro, Eiichi Tanaka, and Sota Yamamoto. "A Constitutive Model for Skeletal Muscle Taking Account of Anisotropic Damage and Viscoelasticity(2C1 Musculo-Skeletal Biomechanics IV)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s152.

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Barry, DT. "Acoustic Signals from Skeletal Muscle." Physiology 5, no. 1 (1990): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1990.5.1.17.

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Contracting skeletal muscles emit pressure waves that are audible at the skin surface and are easily recorded with standard microphones both in vivo and in vitro. These muscle sounds are an intrinsic component of the contractile mechanism and are produced by mechanical vibrations at the resonant frequency of the muscle. The sounds are useful in measuring force, fatigue, and mechanical properties of muscle.

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Dao, Tien Tuan, and Marie-Christine Ho Ba Tho. "A Systematic Review of Continuum Modeling of Skeletal Muscles: Current Trends, Limitations, and Recommendations." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (December 6, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7631818.

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Finite elasticity theory has been commonly used to model skeletal muscle. A very large range of heterogeneous constitutive laws has been proposed. In this review, the most widely used continuum models of skeletal muscles were synthetized and discussed. Trends and limitations of these laws were highlighted to propose new recommendations for future researches. A systematic review process was performed using two reliable search engines as PubMed and ScienceDirect. 40 representative studies (13 passive muscle materials and 27 active muscle materials) were included into this review. Note that exclu

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Heidlauf, Thomas, and Oliver Röhrle. "Modeling the Chemoelectromechanical Behavior of Skeletal Muscle Using the Parallel Open-Source Software Library OpenCMISS." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/517287.

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An extensible, flexible, multiscale, and multiphysics model for nonisometric skeletal muscle behavior is presented. The skeletal muscle chemoelectromechanical model is based on a bottom-up approach modeling the entire excitation-contraction pathway by strongly coupling a detailed biophysical model of a half-sarcomere to the propagation of action potentials along skeletal muscle fibers and linking cellular parameters to a transversely isotropic continuum-mechanical constitutive equation describing the overall mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle tissue. Since the multiscale model exhibits sep

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31

Zhou, Daixing, Jeanine A. Ursitti, and Robert J. Bloch. "Developmental Expression of Spectrins in Rat Skeletal Muscle." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 1 (1998): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.1.47.

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Skeletal muscle contains spectrin (or spectrin I) and fodrin (or spectrin II), members of the spectrin supergene family. We used isoform-specific antibodies and cDNA probes to investigate the molecular forms, developmental expression, and subcellular localization of the spectrins in skeletal muscle of the rat. We report that β-spectrin (βI) replaces β-fodrin (βII) at the sarcolemma as skeletal muscle fibers develop. As a result, adult muscle fibers contain only α-fodrin (αII) and the muscle isoform of β-spectrin (βIΣ2). By contrast, other types of cells present in skeletal muscle tissue, inclu

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32

Fujii, Nobuharu, Marni D. Boppart, Scott D. Dufresne, et al. "Overexpression or ablation of JNK in skeletal muscle has no effect on glycogen synthase activity." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 1 (2004): C200—C208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2003.

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c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is robustly activated in response to muscle contraction. Little is known about the biological functions of JNK signaling in terminally differentiated muscle cells, although this protein has been proposed to regulate insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity in mouse skeletal muscle. To determine whether JNK signaling regulates contraction-stimulated glycogen synthase activation, we applied an electroporation technique to induce JNK overexpression (O/E) in mouse skeletal muscle. Ten days after electroporation, in sit

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Bogomolova, Agnessa P., and Ivan A. Katrukha. "Troponins and Skeletal Muscle Pathologies." Biochemistry (Moscow) 89, no. 12-13 (2024): 2083–106. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0006297924120010.

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Abstract Skeletal muscles account for ~30-40% of the total weight of human body and are responsible for its most important functions, including movement, respiration, thermogenesis, and glucose and protein metabolism. Skeletal muscle damage negatively impacts the whole-body functioning, leading to deterioration of the quality of life and, in severe cases, death. Therefore, timely diagnosis and therapy for skeletal muscle dysfunction are important goals of modern medicine. In this review, we focused on the skeletal troponins that are proteins in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. Skeletal tro

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Hussain, Sabah N. A., and Marco Sandri. "Role of autophagy in COPD skeletal muscle dysfunction." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 9 (2013): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00893.2012.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating disease caused by parenchymal damage and irreversible airflow limitation. In addition to lung dysfunction, patients with COPD develop weight loss, malnutrition, poor exercise performance, and skeletal muscle atrophy. The latter has been attributed to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and protein degradation. Several reports have confirmed that enhanced protein degradation and atrophy of limb muscles of COPD patient is mediated in part through activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and that this activation is tri

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35

Collins, Asiamah Amponsah, Kun Zou, Zhang Li, and Su Ying. "Mechanism and Functions of Identified miRNAs in Poultry Skeletal Muscle Development – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 19, no. 4 (2019): 887–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2019-0049.

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AbstractDevelopment of the skeletal muscle goes through several complex processes regulated by numerous genetic factors. Although much efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms involved in increased muscle yield, little work is done about the miRNAs and candidate genes that are involved in the skeletal muscle development in poultry. Comprehensive research of candidate genes and single nucleotide related to poultry muscle growth is yet to be experimentally unraveled. However, over a few periods, studies in miRNA have disclosed that they actively participate in muscle formation, differ

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36

Maas, Huub, and Thomas G. Sandercock. "Force Transmission between Synergistic Skeletal Muscles through Connective Tissue Linkages." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/575672.

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The classic view of skeletal muscle is that force is generated within its muscle fibers and then directly transmitted in-series, usually via tendon, onto the skeleton. In contrast, recent results suggest that muscles are mechanically connected to surrounding structures and cannot be considered as independent actuators. This article will review experiments on mechanical interactions between muscles mediated by such epimuscular myofascial force transmission in physiological and pathological muscle conditions. In a reduced preparation, involving supraphysiological muscle conditions, it is shown t

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Gomez-Cabrera, M. C., G. L. Close, A. Kayani, A. McArdle, J. Viña, and M. J. Jackson. "Effect of xanthine oxidase-generated extracellular superoxide on skeletal muscle force generation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298, no. 1 (2010): R2—R8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00142.2009.

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Skeletal muscle contractions increase superoxide anion in skeletal muscle extracellular space. We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxide anion was monitored in the extracellular space of mouse gastrocnemius muscles by following the reduction of cytochrome c in muscle microdialysates. A 15-min protocol of nondamaging

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Kohno, Shohei, Yui Yamashita, Tomoki Abe, et al. "Unloading stress disturbs muscle regeneration through perturbed recruitment and function of macrophages." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 10 (2012): 1773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00103.2012.

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Skeletal muscle is one of the most sensitive tissues to mechanical loading, and unloading inhibits the regeneration potential of skeletal muscle after injury. This study was designed to elucidate the specific effects of unloading stress on the function of immunocytes during muscle regeneration after injury. We examined immunocyte infiltration and muscle regeneration in cardiotoxin (CTX)-injected soleus muscles of tail-suspended (TS) mice. In CTX-injected TS mice, the cross-sectional area of regenerating myofibers was smaller than that of weight-bearing (WB) mice, indicating that unloading dela

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Macdonald, W. A., N. Ørtenblad, and O. B. Nielsen. "Energy conservation attenuates the loss of skeletal muscle excitability during intense contractions." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 292, no. 3 (2007): E771—E778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00378.2006.

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High-frequency stimulation of skeletal muscle has long been associated with ionic perturbations, resulting in the loss of membrane excitability, which may prevent action potential propagation and result in skeletal muscle fatigue. Associated with intense skeletal muscle contractions are large changes in muscle metabolites. However, the role of metabolites in the loss of muscle excitability is not clear. The metabolic state of isolated rat extensor digitorum longus muscles at 30°C was manipulated by decreasing energy expenditure and thereby allowed investigation of the effects of energy conserv

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40

Park, Song-Young, Jayson R. Gifford, Robert H. I. Andtbacka, et al. "Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle mitochondrial respiration: are all mitochondria created equal?" American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 3 (2014): H346—H352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00227.2014.

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Unlike cardiac and skeletal muscle, little is known about vascular smooth muscle mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, the present study examined mitochondrial respiratory rates in smooth muscle of healthy human feed arteries and compared with that of healthy cardiac and skeletal muscles. Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles were harvested from a total of 22 subjects (53 ± 6 yr), and mitochondrial respiration was assessed in permeabilized fibers. Complex I + II, state 3 respiration, an index of oxidative phosphorylation capacity, fell progressively from cardiac to skeletal to smooth muscles (

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41

Donoviel, D. B., M. A. Shield, J. N. Buskin, H. S. Haugen, C. H. Clegg, and S. D. Hauschka. "Analysis of muscle creatine kinase gene regulatory elements in skeletal and cardiac muscles of transgenic mice." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 4 (1996): 1649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.4.1649.

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Regulatory regions of the mouse muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene, previously discovered by analysis in cultured muscle cells, were analyzed in transgenic mice. The 206-bp MCK enhancer at nt-1256 was required for high-level expression of MCK-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion genes in skeletal and cardiac muscle; however, unlike its behavior in cell culture, inclusion of the 1-kb region of DNA between the enhancer and the basal promoter produced a 100-fold increase in skeletal muscle activity. Analysis of enhancer control elements also indicated major differences between their properties

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42

Rasmussen, Tara, and Haley Tucker. "Loss of SMYD1 Results in Perinatal Lethality via Selective Defects within Myotonic Muscle Descendants." Diseases 7, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases7010001.

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SET and MYND Domain 1 (SMYD1) is a cardiac and skeletal muscle-specific, histone methyl transferase that is critical for both embryonic and adult heart development and function in both mice and men. We report here that skeletal muscle-specific, myogenin (myoG)-Cre-mediated conditional knockout (CKO) of Smyd1 results in perinatal death. As early as embryonic day 12.5, Smyd1 CKOs exhibit multiple skeletal muscle defects in proliferation, morphology, and gene expression. However, all myotonic descendants are not afflicted equally. Trunk muscles are virtually ablated with excessive accumulation of

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43

CONTI, Antonio, L. GORZA, and Vincenzo SORRENTINO. "Differential distribution of ryanodine receptor type 3 (RyR3) gene product in mammalian skeletal muscles." Biochemical Journal 316, no. 1 (1996): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3160019.

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Activation of intracellular Ca2+-release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs) is a fundamental step in the regulation of muscle contraction. In mammalian skeletal muscle, Ca2+-release channels containing the type 1 isoform of RyR (RyR1) open to release Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) upon stimulation by the voltage-activated dihydropyridine receptor on the T-tubule/plasma membrane. In addition to RyR1, low levels of the mRNA of the RyR3 isoform have been recently detected in mammalian skeletal muscles. Here we report data on the distribution of the RyR3 gene product in mammalian skele

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Lai, Kuo-Chu. "Abstract 286: Metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle and serum of tumor-bearing cachectic mice." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 286. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-286.

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Abstract Cancer cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation, high energy expenditure, and progressive skeletal muscle loss, poses a significant challenge in cancer management due to limited therapeutic options. Understanding the metabolic shifts associated with cachexia-related muscle wasting could provide critical insights into identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we conducted targeted metabolomics to investigate metabolic alterations in the skeletal muscle and serum of tumor-bearing cachectic mice. To facilitate a comprehensi

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Testa, Marco, Bianca Rocca, Lucia Spath, et al. "Expression and activity of cyclooxygenase isoforms in skeletal muscles and myocardium of humans and rodents." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 4 (2007): 1412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00288.2007.

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Conflicting data have been reported on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 expression and activity in striated muscles, including skeletal muscles and myocardium, in particular it is still unclear whether muscle cells are able to produce prostaglandins (PGs). We characterized the expression and enzymatic activity of COX-1 and COX-2 in the skeletal muscles and in the myocardium of mice, rats and humans. By RT-PCR, COX-1 and COX-2 mRNAs were observed in homogenates of mouse and rat hearts, and in different types of skeletal muscles from all different species. By Western blotting, COX-1 and -2 prote

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Chekmareva, I. A., S. N. Bardakov, I. S. Limaev, A. M. Emelin, and R. V. Deev. "Ultrastructural changes of skeletal muscle tissue of patients with dysferlinopathy." Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology 87, no. 1 (2025): 28. https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258701128.

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Dysferlinopathy represents an orphan disease within the spectrum of progressive muscular dystrophies, occurring at a frequency of 1 to 9 cases per 1.000.000 individuals (Orphanet, 2024). It arises from mutations in the DYSF gene (OMIM 603009, 2p13, NM_003494.4), which is responsible for coding the transmembrane protein dysferlin. Dysferlin plays a critical role in the repair of muscle fiber membranes and the cellular processes of skeletal muscle regeneration. Although the molecular mechanisms of dysferlin-mediated repair are under active investigation, reports on the ultrastructural alteration

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Manye, Sunday Joseph, Nathan Isaac Dibal, and Martha Orendu Oche Attah. "Histological and morphometric analysis of skeletal muscle in some vertebrates." Bio-Research 21, no. 3 (2023): 2113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v21i3.5.

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The skeletal system is primarily driven by the skeletal muscles to produce kinematic movements. The study evaluates the histological and morphometric properties of skeletal muscle in Clarias gariepenus (Cl. gariepinus), Bufo bufo (B. bufo), Agama agama (A. agama), Columba livia domestica (C. domestica) and Rattus rattus (R. rattus). The study was carried in order to relate the similarities and differences of skeletal muscles in these species with evolutionary trend. The epaxial muscle of Cl. Gariepinus, the biceps femoris muscle of B. bufo, R. rattus, puboischiotibialis of A. agama, and pector

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Cabezas Perez, Ricardo Julián, Marco Fidel Ávila Rodríguez, and Doris Haydee Rosero Salazar. "Exogenous Antioxidants in Remyelination and Skeletal Muscle Recovery." Biomedicines 10, no. 10 (2022): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102557.

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Inflammatory, oxidative, and autoimmune responses cause severe damage to the nervous system inducing loss of myelin layers or demyelination. Even though demyelination is not considered a direct cause of skeletal muscle disease there is extensive damage in skeletal muscles following demyelination and impaired innervation. In vitro and in vivo evidence using exogenous antioxidants in models of demyelination is showing improvements in myelin formation alongside skeletal muscle recovery. For instance, exogenous antioxidants such as EGCG stimulate nerve structure maintenance, activation of glial ce

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Pedersen, Bente K. "Muscle as a Secretory Organ." Comprehensive Physiology 3, no. 3 (2013): 1337–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00522.x.

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AbstractSkeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body. Skeletal muscles are primarily characterized by their mechanical activity required for posture, movement, and breathing, which depends on muscle fiber contractions. However, skeletal muscle is not just a component in our locomotor system. Recent evidence has identified skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. We have suggested that cytokines and other peptides that are produced, expressed, and released by muscle fibers and exert either autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects should be classified as “myokines.” The muscle secretome consi

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Pedersen, Thomas H., Frank de Paoli, and Ole B. Nielsen. "Increased Excitability of Acidified Skeletal Muscle." Journal of General Physiology 125, no. 2 (2005): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200409173.

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Generation of the action potentials (AP) necessary to activate skeletal muscle fibers requires that inward membrane currents exceed outward currents and thereby depolarize the fibers to the voltage threshold for AP generation. Excitability therefore depends on both excitatory Na+ currents and inhibitory K+ and Cl− currents. During intensive exercise, active muscle loses K+ and extracellular K+ ([K+]o) increases. Since high [K+]o leads to depolarization and ensuing inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels and loss of excitability in isolated muscles, exercise-induced loss of K+ is likely to r

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