Literatura académica sobre el tema "Slavoj Zizek"

Slavoj Zizek tem sido um autor de destaque na discussão filosófica e política contemporânea. Na obra O acontecimento o autor atualiza suas ideais em relação ao ponto central da noção de acontecimento, passando pela compreensão mais cotidiana até chegar à refinada filosoficamente, expondo os impasses de cada abordagem da noção. Como primeira definição, temos: “um acontecimento é, assim, o efeito que parece exceder suas causas – e o espaço de um acontecimento é aquele que é aberto pela brecha que separa o efeito das causas” (p.9). Assim, essa concepção vem romper com a metafísica tradicional segundo a qual tudo o que acontece deve estar vinculado a cadeias causais e razões suficientes sugerindo algo que acontece a partir do nada, tema já elaborado pelo autor na sua obra Menos que nada; (boitempo, 2013). O acontecimento é uma mudança no enquadramento pelo qual percebemos o mundo. [...]

A seguir, publicamos a entrevista com o filósofo esloveno Slavoj Žižek, cuja autorização para divulgação em português foi gentilmente cedida pela revista Der Stantard (http://mobil.derstandard.at/2000015146907/Slavoj-Zizek-Hegelianischer-als-Hegel) e pela entevistadora Ruth Renée Reif. Tradução: Erick Calheiros de Lima - UnB Revisão: Mathias Möller - Unifesp

Paradigma humanis dalam kajian sastra memposisikan manusia sebagai pusat. Penelitian ini mengkaji subjektivitas tokoh dan pengarang dalam semesta novel Lelaki Harimau karya Eka Kurniawan menggunakan teori subjektivitas Slavoj Zizek. Zizek memfokuskan pemikirannya pada tatanan riil dan simbolik dalam kehidupan manusia. Menurutnya, manusia mampu meraih kebebasan dan keotentikan dirinya selama ia bertindak melampaui norma-norma simbolik dan bergerak menuju dimensi riil dalam kehidupannya. Sebaliknya, manusia akan tetap terpenjara dalam dimensi simbolik, selama ia membiarkan dirinya tetap hanyut dalam kesadaran palsu ideologi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada upaya radikal yang dilakukan oleh tokoh utama untuk mencapai kondisi riil melalui tindakan sadis dan tak berkeprimanusiaan yang melanggar aspek normatif dalam lingkaran simbolik. Akan tetapi, peristiwa yang dihadapi oleh tokoh tersebut berlawanan dengan diri pengarang sebagai subjek. Pengarang justru tidak menunjukkan adanya upaya radikal dalam kehidupannya sehingga ia tetap berada dalam fantasi ideologis.Kata Kunci:Subjektivitas, Slavoj Zizek, Eka Kurniawan, Tindakan Radikal, Fantasi ideologis. The humanist paradigm in literature study assigns humans as the center. This research examines the subjectivity of the characters and the author in Lelaki Harimau novel by Eka Kurniawan using Slavoj Zizek's theory of subjectivity. Zizek focused his thoughts on the real and symbolic order in human life. According to him, humans are able to achieve freedom and authenticity as long as they act beyond the symbolic norms and move towards the real dimension in their life. On the contrary, humans will remain imprisoned in a symbolic dimension as long as they allowed themselves drifted away on a false consciousness of ideology. This research indicates that there are radical efforts made by the main characters to achieve the real conditions through sadistic and inhumane actions that violate the normative aspects in a symbolic circle. However, the events faced by these characters are opposite to the author as the subject. In fact, the author does not perform any radical efforts in his life so that he remains in ideological fantasies.Keywords: subjectivity, Slavoj Zizek, Eka Kurniawan, radical act, ideological fantasy

Face à une politique libérale centriste qui fait de plus en plus figure d'unique option politique, la gauche semble pour plusieurs signifier un projet du passé. Nous nous sommes donné pour objectif d'explorer les travaux de Slavoj Zizek afin de voir si le projet marxiste pouvait bénéficier des acquis de la post-modernité et ainsi se présenter comme un projet politique viable aujourd'hui. Slavoj Zizek, philosophe et psychanalyste slovène est en effet mieux connu pour ses efforts de renouvellement du marxisme, un marxisme qui se passe des fondations traditionnellement associées à cette école de pensée. En parcourant l'oeuvre de Zizek, nous avons pu juger des tensions existants dans ce mariage difficile entre marxisme et postmodernité. Bien qu'à la suite de notre étude il nous apparaisse que le marxisme, entendu comme projet politique visant un changement radical de la société, ne s'accommode pas facilement de l'anti-fondationalisme qui caractérise la pensée post-moderne, nous croyons que le projet reste néanmoins valable et porteur d'espoir pour le renouvellement de la pensée marxiste.

This work seeks to address the major texts of Slavoj Zizek using a reading methodology which treats political philosophy as a practice, rather than a series of logical propositions or claims of truth or falsity. Philosophy is herein understood as a field of relations among authors who occupy precise theoretical and political coordinates. Writing produces and reproduces an author's position within this field via the way in which an author communicates with his/her peers, draws on past concepts, and designs new ones. This paper argues that Zizek cannot usefully be grasped as a theorist attempting to provide positive political solutions or analyses, but rather as a 'negative' force who occupies an impossible position by attempting to negate his peers and popular contemporary theoretical concepts - Zizek wishes to create a new intellectual space where political possibilities can be rethought and rediscovered, and he does this in his texts by ephemerally occupying multiple positions only to displace them.

This critique of technology takes up the thought of Slavoj Žižek to engage in a psychoanalytic and philosophical exploration, critique, and redemption of the human subject under the sway of post-modernity’s politic of technophilia. By first establishing the persistence of the subject as an aporia in the discourse of knowledge-production, this discussion unravels the philosophical, political, and psychoanalytic difficulties hidden by the fetishisation of technology and the globalised lie of its vulgar materialism that entraps the subject in a technological phantasia coordinated by the ‘metaphysics’ of technology: technicity. Interrogating this phantasia of technology, we will intervene in the overdetermination of the ontology of the subject by the perverse social order of a mystical deadlock between the ‘treatment’ of the subject’s existence by the perverse order of technical rationalisation through its annihilation and fabrication of the embodiment of the subject. This intervention aims to reveal the dark contingency at the core of the subject, and to develop this Cause as the site of a rupture and reordering of the symbolic universe maintained by the ideology of technological over-determination. This Cause will be shown through techne, the jettisoned ontological element of technology, and herein this demonstration will unveil the possibility for redeeming the subject from the overdetermination of the technological through the ideology-critique of the phantasia of knowledge-production that covers over the importance of ontology to the self-conception of the human subject. The moment of redemption will be shown to begin from the subject who emerges in and through the university discourse of knowledge-production that Žižek has criticised as the epochal mode of post-modernity. In attending to this thesis the dissertation engages with Žižek’s critique against the tide of post-modern critique that paralyses the critical gaze of the subject, especially in the consideration of the critical role fantasy plays in maintaining the perverse psychosocial order of knowledge-production that leads to the structuring of the phantasmagoria of technicity. Here the critique with which this dissertation is engaged demonstrates that the fetishisation of knowledge maintaining the ‘lie’ of this phantasmagoria betrays its overdetermination of the subject through the vulgar materialism and the repressed metaphysical mania of annihilation and fabrication that allows technicity to substitute its raison d’étre for the Cause at the core of the subject. By attending to the return of the repressed techne alongside the subject who has been substituted by technicity and excluded from the Symbolic and exiled to the Abyss of the Real, this dissertation will propose the rupture and rearrangement of the authorial order maintained through technicity’s binary of annihilation and fabrication. And to this end the dissertation aims to show how the ontological emergence of the subject at the heart of the dialectical materialist tussle with philosophical idealism can serve to be given a voice in a techne phantasmagoria of open possibility that is not reduced to mere ‘virtuality’ by technicity’s spurious presentism and anti-metaphysical prejudice.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts
Faculty of Arts
Full Text

The writings of controversial ???underground??? figure Iceberg Slim feature identities and sub-cultures either antagonistic to, or otherwise not commensurable with, mainstream American Orders of Discourse. Within the ex-pimp???s narrative dystopia, a provocative and unreservedly profane idiom is employed not only to champion normatively marginalized or demonized subjectivities (such as African-Americans, the underclass, pimps and ???hustlers???), but also to identify and condemn the policies and praxes hegemonizing the Social domain. Moreover, although Slim is one of the most widely-read African-American authors, there has been to date almost no critical engagement with his work. The two primary objectives of this Thesis were: firstly, to evaluate and elucidate the transgressive potential posed by the Slimian narrative universe; and secondly, to demonstrate that the genus of Lacanian, post-Marxian and other dialectical heuristics developed by Slavoj ??i??ek offered the most expedient means of achieving the first objective. More specifically, via investigating the discursive and trans-discursive coordinates of marginal identity as dramatized in four of Slim???s most popular novellas (Pimp, Trick Baby, Mama Black Widow, and Death Wish), we sought to ascertain the degree to which Slim???s particular representational negotiations of identity and identification operate to undermine, or (inadvertently) support, dominant ideological formulations. Further, this investigation adopted a ??i??ekian approach to develop a framework through which the (social, ethical, ideological, aesthetic, psychical and libidinal) issues surrounding Power that are at stake could be meaningfully evaluated. Our cardinal hypotheses concerned the basic dialectical postulation that the key to understanding hegemonic operations lies not in the content of those operations, but rather in the form(s) through which they are brought to bear. The results obtained in this Thesis were consistent with the fundamental hypotheses posed and served also to achieve our primary objectives. Namely, our ??i??ekian approach identified and explained various structural and psychical features which were crucial in determining not only the antagonisms between (and inherent to) the vicissitudes of Power and the metastases of Its transgression (or not) within the Slimian universe, but also our apprehension of those antagonisms. In our enumeration of at least three discreet modalities of transgression, we finally concluded that the most radical dimension of the Slimian universe was to be located in the inherent undecidability between its affiliations with incommensurable ideological domains.

This thesis traces the ‘New Moment’ in Pauline reception in the writings of Alain Badiou, Terry Eagleton and Slavoj Žižek. It explores how the Pauline epistles are read and feature in their thought. An answer to the question, 'why Paul?' prompts reflection on what it is to read and understand the Apostle. An introduction sets out the writers of this ‘New Moment’ [Jacob Taubes, Giorgio Agamben, Stanislas Breton, as well as Badiou, Eagleton and Žižek] before isolating the figures of this study. The reception of this ‘moment’ by mainstream New Testament studies is considered, and with it the charge of ‘appropriation’. The concept of ‘appropriation’ is explored, and a definition arrived at, for the purpose of evaluating the readings we will go on to discover. As part of this notion of ‘appropriation’, the turn to Gadamer in recent New Testament study is surveyed. We suggest another potential hermeneutical approach that derives from Gadamer is possible. Thus, the object of this study is both an instance of, and means by which to critique the understanding of, New Testament Wirkungsgeschichte. Each of our thinkers is then considered in turn. The outline for each chapter is the same. A brief introduction to the figure with bibliographical background salient to his Pauline reading precedes some textual examples indicative of that reading. We then move to analyse the manner of that reading and certain conceptual problems which are revealed in the course of the engagement with Paul. The conclusion analyses the approaches, and reasons for turning, to Paul on the part of these thinkers. Salient differences between each thinker's reading are noted and the charge of appropriation is evaluated afresh. The implications of such readings for conventional biblical criticism are considered, and the success of an approach which explores a Gadamerean-inspired interest in reception in the manner adopted by this thesis is judged.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O presente trabalho tematiza a ideia de emancipaÃÃo e liberdade para Zizek, um conceito de liberdade estritamente materialista e pÃs-metafÃsico. Se a Ãnfase, hoje, nos ideais do Esclarecimento (AufklÃrung) fornecidos pela modernidade à considerada um retrocesso diante de nossa realidade pÃs-moderna, Zizek encara o desafio de reintegrar tais princÃpios no cenÃrio filosÃfico atual de maneira muito singular. Seu mÃrito consiste fundamentalmente em abordar o cerne da questÃo contemporÃnea (no que tange à ciÃncia, ontologia, subjetividade e polÃtica) a partir dos ideais modernos que abrem a perspectiva de emancipaÃÃo e liberdade humana. Nosso trabalho tem, portanto, como tarefa explorar esse tema da liberdade nos tempos atuais, radicalizando, assim, o que Kant compreendia com o princÃpio da AufklÃrung, a saber, a saÃda do homem da minoridade, da qual ele mesmo à culpado. Nesse sentido, o tema serà dividido em quatro linhas temÃticas principais: i) ciÃncia e epistemologia, ii) ontologia, iii) subjetividade e iv) polÃtica emancipatÃria. No primeiro ponto à discutido o ideal de AufklÃrung para Zizek e como este se contrapÃe diretamente com a perspectiva de Habermas e seu projeto de uma modernidade inacabada. Para isso, tomamos como fio condutor a polÃmica sobre o tema da biogenÃtica, e, a partir daÃ, procuramos demonstrar como que a concepÃÃo de modernidade para Zizek à ainda mais radical do que a de Habermas. No segundo capÃtulo, procuramos desenvolver o modo como Zizek fundamenta a base ontolÃgica da liberdade a partir da passagem de Kant a Hegel. O foco à depositado na mudanÃa paralÃctica do obstÃculo epistemolÃgico, em Kant, para a sua condiÃÃo ontolÃgica positiva, em Hegel. Ou seja, o modo como Hegel radicaliza o pensamento kantiano a partir de uma torÃÃo dialÃtica puramente formal. No terceiro capÃtulo, a perspectiva da liberdade à deslocada agora para o campo da subjetividade, na relaÃÃo dialÃtica entre a Lei moral kantiana e o gozo sÃdico. Nesse sentido, procuro mostrar primeiramente como que Lacan articula Kant com Sade, para, em seguida, pensar como que o psicanalista procura uma saÃda para o princÃpio de liberdade kantiana a partir da Lei do desejo, o que nos permite pensar um Kant sem Sade. No quarto e Ãltimo capÃtulo, passo para uma discussÃo propriamente polÃtica, onde questiono como à possÃvel uma polÃtica verdadeiramente emancipatÃria, vinculada à ideia de luta de classe e ato polÃtico. Em cada ponto tratado, esforÃamo-nos por radicalizar o princÃpio de liberdade humana em sua base materialista. O interessante na abordagem do materialismo dialÃtico de Zizek à que, em momento algum, cabe substituir nossa realidade por outra melhor, mas apenas â e isso à o fundamental â radicalizar o que permanece in potentia na nossa.
The present work discusses the idea of emancipation and freedom for Zizek, a concept of freedom strictly materialist and post-metaphysical. If the emphasis today on the ideals of the Enlightenment (AufklÃrung) supplied by modernity is considered a step backwards before our reality post-modern, Zizek sees the challenge of reintegrating such principles in philosophical scenario today in a very special way. His merit consists basically to approach the kernel of the contemporary question (in terms of science, ontology, subjectivity and politics) from the ideal modern that opens up the prospect of emancipation and human freedom. Our work has, therefore, as task to explore this theme of freedom in current times, in what Kant understood with the principle of AufklÃrung, namely, the leaving of man of minority, of which he himself is guilty. In this sense, the theme will be divided into four main thematic areas: (i) science and epistemology, (ii) ontology, (iii) subjectivity and (iv) emancipatory politics. On the first point it is discussed the ideal of AufklÃrung for Zizek and how it contrasts directly with the perspective of Habermas and his project of a unfinished modernity. For this, we take as a guide the controversy on the subject of biogenetic, and, from then on, we look for to demonstrate as that the conception of modernity for Zizek is still more radical than that of Habermas. In the second chapter, we are seeking to develop how Zizek justifies the ontological basis of freedom from the passage from Kant to Hegel. The focus is deposited in the parallax shift of epistemological obstacle in Kant, for his positive ontological condition, in Hegel. That is, the way as Hegel radicalizes the Kantian thought from a twist purely formal dialectic. In the third chapter, the prospect of freedom is now shifted to the field of subjectivity, the dialectical relation between the Kantian moral Law and the sadistic enjoyment. In this direction, I look for to show first as that Lacan articulates Kant with Sade, then think about how that the psychoanalyst seeks an outlet for the principle of Kantian freedom from the Law of desire, which allows us to think a Kant without Sade. In the room and last chapter, step for a discussion properly politics, where I question as one truly emancipatory politics is possible, linked to the idea of class struggle and political act. In each treated point, we strive to radicalize the principle of human freedom in its materialistic basis. The interesting approach in the dialectical materialism of Zizek is that, at any time, it is replace our reality by another better, but only - and this is crucial - radicalize what remains in potentia in ours.

FONSECA, Fernando Facó de Assis. Pensar a liberdade em Slavoj Zizek: uma reflexão sobre ciência, ontologia, subjetividade e política emancipatória. 2015. 230f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2015.
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The present work discusses the idea of emancipation and freedom for Zizek, a concept of freedom strictly materialist and post-metaphysical. If the emphasis today on the ideals of the Enlightenment (Aufklärung) supplied by modernity is considered a step backwards before our reality post-modern, Zizek sees the challenge of reintegrating such principles in philosophical scenario today in a very special way. His merit consists basically to approach the kernel of the contemporary question (in terms of science, ontology, subjectivity and politics) from the ideal modern that opens up the prospect of emancipation and human freedom. Our work has, therefore, as task to explore this theme of freedom in current times, in what Kant understood with the principle of Aufklärung, namely, the leaving of man of minority, of which he himself is guilty. In this sense, the theme will be divided into four main thematic areas: (i) science and epistemology, (ii) ontology, (iii) subjectivity and (iv) emancipatory politics. On the first point it is discussed the ideal of Aufklärung for Zizek and how it contrasts directly with the perspective of Habermas and his project of a unfinished modernity. For this, we take as a guide the controversy on the subject of biogenetic, and, from then on, we look for to demonstrate as that the conception of modernity for Zizek is still more radical than that of Habermas. In the second chapter, we are seeking to develop how Zizek justifies the ontological basis of freedom from the passage from Kant to Hegel. The focus is deposited in the parallax shift of epistemological obstacle in Kant, for his positive ontological condition, in Hegel. That is, the way as Hegel radicalizes the Kantian thought from a twist purely formal dialectic. In the third chapter, the prospect of freedom is now shifted to the field of subjectivity, the dialectical relation between the Kantian moral Law and the sadistic enjoyment. In this direction, I look for to show first as that Lacan articulates Kant with Sade, then think about how that the psychoanalyst seeks an outlet for the principle of Kantian freedom from the Law of desire, which allows us to think a Kant without Sade. In the room and last chapter, step for a discussion properly politics, where I question as one truly emancipatory politics is possible, linked to the idea of class struggle and political act. In each treated point, we strive to radicalize the principle of human freedom in its materialistic basis. The interesting approach in the dialectical materialism of Zizek is that, at any time, it is replace our reality by another better, but only - and this is crucial - radicalize what remains in potentia in ours.
O presente trabalho tematiza a ideia de emancipação e liberdade para Zizek, um conceito de liberdade estritamente materialista e pós-metafísico. Se a ênfase, hoje, nos ideais do Esclarecimento (Aufklärung) fornecidos pela modernidade é considerada um retrocesso diante de nossa realidade pós-moderna, Zizek encara o desafio de reintegrar tais princípios no cenário filosófico atual de maneira muito singular. Seu mérito consiste fundamentalmente em abordar o cerne da questão contemporânea (no que tange à ciência, ontologia, subjetividade e política) a partir dos ideais modernos que abrem a perspectiva de emancipação e liberdade humana. Nosso trabalho tem, portanto, como tarefa explorar esse tema da liberdade nos tempos atuais, radicalizando, assim, o que Kant compreendia com o princípio da Aufklärung, a saber, a saída do homem da minoridade, da qual ele mesmo é culpado. Nesse sentido, o tema será dividido em quatro linhas temáticas principais: i) ciência e epistemologia, ii) ontologia, iii) subjetividade e iv) política emancipatória. No primeiro ponto é discutido o ideal de Aufklärung para Zizek e como este se contrapõe diretamente com a perspectiva de Habermas e seu projeto de uma modernidade inacabada. Para isso, tomamos como fio condutor a polêmica sobre o tema da biogenética, e, a partir daí, procuramos demonstrar como que a concepção de modernidade para Zizek é ainda mais radical do que a de Habermas. No segundo capítulo, procuramos desenvolver o modo como Zizek fundamenta a base ontológica da liberdade a partir da passagem de Kant a Hegel. O foco é depositado na mudança paraláctica do obstáculo epistemológico, em Kant, para a sua condição ontológica positiva, em Hegel. Ou seja, o modo como Hegel radicaliza o pensamento kantiano a partir de uma torção dialética puramente formal. No terceiro capítulo, a perspectiva da liberdade é deslocada agora para o campo da subjetividade, na relação dialética entre a Lei moral kantiana e o gozo sádico. Nesse sentido, procuro mostrar primeiramente como que Lacan articula Kant com Sade, para, em seguida, pensar como que o psicanalista procura uma saída para o princípio de liberdade kantiana a partir da Lei do desejo, o que nos permite pensar um Kant sem Sade. No quarto e último capítulo, passo para uma discussão propriamente política, onde questiono como é possível uma política verdadeiramente emancipatória, vinculada à ideia de luta de classe e ato político. Em cada ponto tratado, esforçamo-nos por radicalizar o princípio de liberdade humana em sua base materialista. O interessante na abordagem do materialismo dialético de Zizek é que, em momento algum, cabe substituir nossa realidade por outra melhor, mas apenas – e isso é o fundamental – radicalizar o que permanece in potentia na nossa.

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RESUMO O objetivo central desta dissertação é uma discussão filosófica e política sobre os elementos Estado Democrático de Direito, Sujeito de Direito e Direitos Humanos a partir da obra de Slavoj Zizek. O autor pontua a existência de inúmeros fatores ideológicos que sustentam as práticas sociais e instituições políticas, de modo a conferir articulações e possibilidades de análise sobre a relação entre norma jurídica e circulação mercadológica que tome por base uma tradição hegeliana em conjunto com a psicanálise lacaniana. Assim, o presente escrito irá desenvolver uma abordagem sobre a relação entre Estado e mercadoria a partir de um contexto ideológico, bem como trabalhará com a subjetividade do Sujeito Pós-Traumático. Não obstante, analisará o contexto dos Direitos Humanos e do Multiculturalismo, tomando este como uma forma de racismo cultural.

Abstract. Uppsatsen Ingen big deal - en undersökning i kvinnligt dejtande på Tinder undersöker hur kvinnors sökande eller möten efter/med en romantisk eller sexuell partner, i samtiden kallat “dejting”, förändrats av applikationen Tinder. Uppsatsen har genom ett antal intervjuer med kvinnor undersökt hur deras dejtande ser ut på Tinder och hur eller om detta har förändrat deras sätt att dejta. Studien undersöker först hur dejtande har sett ut genom tiderna och vilka roller som kvinnan har tilldelats eller anpassat sig efter för att därefter undersöka hur eller om detta har förändrats i och med sociala medier och främst dejtingapplikationer på smarta telefoner. Det som upptäcktes var att kvinnor i och med Tinder börjar få ett nytt perspektiv på sitt dejtande och börjar se dejtande som en process där erfarenheten bidrar till en klarare bild av kvinnors målbild när det kommer till relationer. Den visade även på tendenser att kvinnor börjar appropriera ett manligt förhållningssätt till relationer, där de undersöker olika tillvägagångssätt och även vidgar sin definition av vad en relation är och kan vara. Relationer börjar mer bli en bisak även i kvinnans samliv, vilket tidigare inte varit fallet. Men det märktes även hur kvinnor använde Tinder som ett sätt att komma ur tidigare relationer och återfå självförtroende för att kunna gå in i nya relationer. Huruvida detta är Tinders förtjänst eller inte kan diskuteras men det är ett faktum att Tinder fundamentalt förändrar kvinnors sätt att se på relationer och hur de själva beter sig i dejtingprocessen.

This chapter examines the notion of the abyss as it has been developed within the tradition of Western philosophy and theology. It traces the abyss back to its first inception in Neoplatonic philosophy by Plato and his Timaeus, followed by Plotinus who develops the traces of panentheist mysticism lurking in Plato’s system into the seed of negative theology. In the Neoplatonic tradition and medieval mysticism of Pseudo-Dioysius and Meister Eckhart, the abyss points to the theological crossroad in which finitude and infinity, creaturely vulnerability and divine potency intersect with each other. The paradoxical path of via negativa renders the abyss a site of uncertainty and unknowing in which both God and the self are uncreated (Eckhart). Subsequently, the ethical implication or potential of the abyss is probed via the works of contemporary philosophers (Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Marion, Slavoj Zizek) who engage negative theology from a postmodern perspective.

Julia Kristeva's theory of abjection in Powers of Horror (1980) has had a profound effect on the analysis of Gothic works. Building on Freud, Lacan, and others, it posits a "throwing over" of the deepest anomalies at the roots of human being - the inseparable intermingling of life and death and self and other at the moment of birth - into what seems an alien, other figure (the 'abject', such as Frankenstein's creature) so that the abjecting subject can construct a wholeness of consistent identity over against it. This process, as Slavoj Zizek has emphasized, is even a socio-cultural one, whereby populations abject underlying social conflicts into supposedly alien others. The abject figures in many Gothic works, then, are fear-inducting sites prompting terror or horror because they enact this scheme. In fact, they do so because the whole idea of abjection hearkens back to the very nature of Gothic symbol-making from Horace Walpole on.

Destroying records, documents, and evidence is a commonly used bureaucratic technique for mitigating the potential dangers of its dissemination. Legal and administrative records will be retained for a prescribed period, after which they may be destroyed. Certain public records, in order to preserve secrecy or confidentiality, may be redacted, cancelled, or deleted. In some jurisdictions, people convicted of crimes can seek to have their criminal records expunged. This chapter discloses the range of ways that criminal evidence and records are destroyed or damaged as legitimate state practices. What remains of these destructive practices are ghostly apparitions, specters of crime, and these generate new spectacles and new fears. Advancing work by Peter Hutchings, who traces law’s transition from visible spectacle to invisible spectre, this chapter understands destructive practices of the state as acts that invoke ghosts. Drawing upon work from Jacques Derrida, Jacques Lacan, Slavoj Zizek, and others, it seeks to understand these ghosts as the return, or the haunting, of that which the state seeks to repress. It describes the new opportunities for voyeurism and visuality that are generated by destructive state practices, and the ways that state agents as well as artists have created visual spectacles from these ghosts.