Literatura académica sobre el tema "Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)"
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Isia, Ismallianto, Tony Hadibarata, Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh, Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya, Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan, Aissa Bouaissi, Norma Latif Fitriyani y Muhammad Syafrudin. "Drought Analysis Based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and Standardized Precipitation Index in Sarawak, Malaysia". Sustainability 15, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010734.
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Drought analysis via the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is necessary for effective water resource management in Sarawak, Malaysia. Rainfall is the best indicator of a drought, but the temperature is also significant because it controls evaporation and condensation. This study examined drought periods in the state of Sarawak using the SPI and SPEI based on monthly precipitation and temperature data from thirty-three rainfall stations during a forty-year period (1981–2020). This analysis of drought conditions revealed that both the SPI and SPEI were able to detect drought temporal variations with distinct time scales (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Taking precipitation and evapotranspiration data into account, the SPEI was able to identify more severe-to-extreme drought in the study area over longer time periods and moderate droughts over shorter time periods than the standard drought index. According to Pearson correlation coefficients, a substantial association existed between the SPI and SPEI during hydrological dryness. Based on the results, the temperature is a decisive factor in drought classification, and the SPI should only be used in the absence of temperature data.
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Pandya, Parthsarthi, Rohit Kumarkhaniya, Ravina Parmar y Piyush Ajani. "Meteorological Drought Analysis Using Standardized Precipitation Index". Current World Environment 15, n.º 3 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.3.12.
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Drought is a natural hazard which is challenging to quantify in terms of severity, duration, areal extent and impact. The present study was aimed to assess the meteorological drought for Junagadh (Gujarat), India using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and evaluate its correlation with the productivity of Groundnut and Cotton. The SPI was computed for eight durations including monthly (June to August each), 3 monthly (June to August and July to September) and 6 monthly (June to November) time scales for the year1988 to 2018. The results revealed that 54% to 67% of years suffered from drought for SPI-1. Drought years based on SPI-3 and SPI-6 were 48 % to 58%. Among all the eight durations, mild drought was the most dominant drought category. Years 1993, 1999, 2002 and 2012 experienced the most severe droughts for Junagadh. Severe droughts were observed only for SPI-1 (July), SPI-3 and SPI-6. No extreme drought was witnessed in Junagadh. Correlation of groundnut yield with SPI was higher as compared to cotton for all time scales. Kharif groundnut and cotton yield were better correlated with SPI-3 and SPI-6 for Junagadh with significant correlation coefficient ranging from 0.57 to 0.79 for groundnut and 0.46 to 0.56 for cotton. Among monthly SPI, the significantly highest correlation was found for June (0.59) for groundnut and September (0.48) for cotton. The SPI-3 and SPI-6 shown ability to quantify the drought and also shown the potential of yield prediction.
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Lucas, Matthew P., Clay Trauernicht, Abby G. Frazier y Tomoaki Miura. "Long-Term, Gridded Standardized Precipitation Index for Hawai‘i". Data 5, n.º 4 (26 de noviembre de 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5040109.
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Spatially explicit, wall-to-wall rainfall data provide foundational climatic information but alone are inadequate for characterizing meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, or ecological drought. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is one of the most widely used indicators of drought and defines localized conditions of both drought and excess rainfall based on period-specific (e.g., 1-month, 6-month, 12-month) accumulated precipitation relative to multi-year averages. A 93-year (1920–2012), high-resolution (250 m) gridded dataset of monthly rainfall available for the State of Hawai‘i was used to derive gridded, monthly SPI values for 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-month intervals. Gridded SPI data were validated against independent, station-based calculations of SPI provided by the National Weather Service. The gridded SPI product was also compared with the U.S. Drought Monitor during the overlapping period. This SPI product provides several advantages over currently available drought indices for Hawai‘i in that it has statewide coverage over a long historical period at high spatial resolution to capture fine-scale climatic gradients and monitor changes in local drought severity.
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Ariyanto, Dwi Priyo, Abdul Aziz, Komariah Komariah, Sumani Sumani y Magarsa Abara. "Comparing the accuracy of estimating soil moisture using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)". SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, n.º 1 (29 de junio de 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i1.41396.
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<span>The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are used to monitor and identify different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. This study evaluates the accuracy of estimating soil moisture levels using the two indexes. The analysis correlated the SPI and the SPEI over three years (November 2016–October 2019) using <em>Rstudio</em>, with average monthly soil moisture taken using a Soil Moisture Sensor; 3-, 6- and 12-months SPI and SPEI showed a positive correlation for soil moisture (Sig <0.05), whereas 1-month SPI and SPEI results did not. A regression test was used to get an equation model for estimating soil moisture content. The correlation for soil moisture between the 1-month SPI and SPEI results was insignificant (p-value >0.05). In contrast, the 3-, 6-, and 12-months indexes were significant (p-value <0.05). Estimating soil moisture content using the SPEI (50–59.09%) had a higher accuracy value than the SPI (36.36%), which indicates the SPEI can more reliably predict soil moisture.</span>
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Salmin, A. S., I. F. Asaulyak y A. I. Belolyubtsev. "ANALYSING TIME SERIES OF STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX (SPI)". Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences), n.º 5 2021 (2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/use.37630.
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Kumar, Rohini, Jude L. Musuuza, Anne F. Van Loon, Adriaan J. Teuling, Roland Barthel, Jurriaan Ten Broek, Juliane Mai, Luis Samaniego y Sabine Attinger. "Multiscale evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index as a groundwater drought indicator". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, n.º 3 (15 de marzo de 2016): 1117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1117-2016.
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Abstract. The lack of comprehensive groundwater observations at regional and global scales has promoted the use of alternative proxies and indices to quantify and predict groundwater droughts. Among them, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is commonly used to characterize droughts in different compartments of the hydro-meteorological system. In this study, we explore the suitability of the SPI to characterize local- and regional-scale groundwater droughts using observations at more than 2000 groundwater wells in geologically different areas in Germany and the Netherlands. A multiscale evaluation of the SPI is performed using the station data and their corresponding 0.5° gridded estimates to analyze the local and regional behavior of groundwater droughts, respectively. The standardized anomalies in the groundwater heads (SGI) were correlated against SPIs obtained using different accumulation periods. The accumulation periods to achieve maximum correlation exhibited high spatial variability (ranges 3–36 months) at both scales, leading to the conclusion that an a priori selection of the accumulation period (for computing the SPI) would result in inadequate characterization of groundwater droughts. The application of the uniform accumulation periods over the entire domain significantly reduced the correlation between the SPI and SGI (≈ 21–66 %), indicating the limited applicability of the SPI as a proxy for groundwater droughts even at long accumulation times. Furthermore, the low scores of the hit rate (0.3–0.6) and a high false alarm ratio (0.4–0.7) at the majority of the wells and grid cells demonstrated the low reliability of groundwater drought predictions using the SPI. The findings of this study highlight the pitfalls of using the SPI as a groundwater drought indicator at both local and regional scales, and stress the need for more groundwater observations and accounting for regional hydrogeological characteristics in groundwater drought monitoring.
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Kumar, R., J. L. Musuuza, A. F. Van Loon, A. J. Teuling, R. Barthel, J. Ten Broek, J. Mai, L. Samaniego y S. Attinger. "Multiscale evaluation of the standardized precipitation index as a groundwater drought indicator". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, n.º 8 (5 de agosto de 2015): 7405–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-7405-2015.
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Abstract. The lack of comprehensive groundwater observations at regional and global scales has promoted the use of alternative proxies and indices to quantify and predict groundwater droughts. Among them, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is commonly used to characterize droughts in different compartments of the hydro-meteorological system. In this study, we explore the suitability of the SPI to characterize local and regional scale groundwater droughts using observations at more than 2000 groundwater wells in geologically different areas in Germany and the Netherlands. A multiscale evaluation of the SPI is performed using the station data and their corresponding 0.5° gridded estimates to analyze the local and regional behavior of groundwater droughts, respectively. The standardized anomalies in the groundwater heads (SGI) were correlated against SPIs obtained using different accumulation periods. The accumulation periods to achieve maximum correlation exhibited high spatial variability (ranges 3 to 36 months) at both scales, leading to the conclusion that an a priori selection of the accumulation period (for computing the SPI) would result in inadequate characterization of groundwater droughts. The application of the uniform accumulation periods over the entire domain significantly reduced the correlation between SPI and SGI (&approx; 21–66 %) indicating the limited applicability of SPI as a proxy for groundwater droughts even at long accumulation times. Furthermore, the low scores of the hit rate (0.3–0.6) and high false alarm ratio (0.4–0.7) at the majority of the wells and grid cells demonstrated the low reliability of groundwater drought predictions using the SPI. The findings of this study highlight the pitfalls of using the SPI as a groundwater drought indicator at both local and regional scales, and stress the need for more groundwater observations and accounting for regional hydrogeological characteristics in groundwater drought monitoring.
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Zuo, Dongdong, Wei Hou, Hao Wu, Pengcheng Yan y Qiang Zhang. "Feasibility of Calculating Standardized Precipitation Index with Short-Term Precipitation Data in China". Atmosphere 12, n.º 5 (6 de mayo de 2021): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050603.
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At present, high-resolution drought indices are scarce, and this problem has restricted the development of refined drought analysis to some extent. This study explored the possibility of calculating the standardized precipitation index (SPI) with short-term precipitation sequences in China, based on data from 2416 precipitation observation stations covering the time period from 1961 to 2019. The result shows that it is feasible for short-sequence stations to calculate SPI index, based on the spatial interpolation of the precipitation distribution parameters of the long-sequence station. Error analysis denoted that the SPI error was small in east China and large in west China, and the SPI was more accurate when the observation stations were denser. The SPI error of short-sequence sites was mostly less than 0.2 in most areas of eastern China and the consistency rate for the drought categories was larger than 80%, which was lower than the error using the 30-year precipitation samples. Further analysis showed that the estimation error of the distribution parameters β and q was the most important cause of SPI error. Two drought monitoring examples show that the SPI of more than 50,000 short-sequence sites can correctly express the spatial distribution of dry and wet and have refined spatial structure characteristics.
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Aripbilah, Safrudin Nor y Heri Suprapto. "ANALISIS KEKERINGAN DI KABUPATEN SRAGEN DENGAN METODE PALMER, THORNTHWAITE, DAN STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX". JURNAL SUMBER DAYA AIR 17, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jsda.v17i2.742.
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El Nino and La Nina in Indonesia are one of the reasons that caused climate changes, which has possibility of drought and flood disasters. Sragen Regency wherethe dry season occurs, drought happened meanwhile other areas experience floods and landslides. A study on drought needs to be carried out so as to reduce the risk of losses due to the drought hazard. This study is to determine the drought index in Sragen Regency based on several methods and the correlation of each methods and its suitability to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and rainfall. Drought was analyzed using several methods such as Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Thornthwaite-Matter, and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) then correlated with SOI to determine the most suitable method for SOI. The variables are applied in this method are rainfall, temperature, and evapotranspiration. The results showed that the drought potential of the Palmer method is only in Near Normal conditions, which is 1%, Severe drought conditions are 29% for the Thornthwaite-Matter method, and Extreme Dry conditions only reach 1,11% for the SPI method. The PDSI and SPI methods are inversely proportional to the Thornthwaite-Matter method and the most suitable method for SOI values or rainfall is the SPI method. These three methods can be identified the potential for drought with only a few variables so that they could be applied if they only have those data.Keywords: Drought, PDSI, Thornthwaite-Matter, SPI, SOI
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Blain, Gabriel Constantino. "Standardized precipitation index based on pearson type III distribution". Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 26, n.º 2 (junio de 2011): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-77862011000200001.
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The initial step in calculating the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is to determine a probability density function (pdf) that describes the precipitation series under analysis. Once this pdf is determined, the cumulative probability of an observed precipitation amount is computed. The inverse normal function is then applied to the cumulative probability. The result is the SPI. This article assessed the changes in SPI final values, when computed based on Gamma 2-parameters (Gam) and Pearson Type III (PE3) distributions (SPIGam and SPIPE3, respectively). Monthly rainfall series, available from five weather stations of the State of São Paulo, were chosen for this study. Considering quantitative and qualitative assessments of goodness-of-fit (evaluated at 1-, 3-, and 6-months precipitation totals), the PE3 distribution seems to be a better choice than the Gam distribution, in describing the long-term rainfall series of the State of São Paulo. In addition, it was observed that the number of SPI time series that could be seen as normally distributed was higher when this drought index was computed from the PE3 distribution. Thus, the use of the Pearson type III distribution within the calculation algorithm of the SPI is recommended in the State of São Paulo.
Tesis sobre el tema "Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)"
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Edossa, D. C., Y. E. Woyessa y W. A. Welderufael. "Comparison between two meteorological drought indices in the central region of South Africa". Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 3: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/309.
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Published ArticleThe objective of this study was to characterize meteorological droughts in the Central Region of South Africa, Modder River Basin, C52A quaternary catchment using two popular drought indices: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and to compare the two indices. Drought events were characterized based on their frequency, duration, magnitude and intensity. The indices were computed for the time-scales that are important for planning and management of water resources, i.e. 3-, 6- and 12-month time-scales. The basic meteorological input data used in the computation of these indices were 57 years (1950-2007) of monthly precipitation and monthly temperature data which were recorded at The Cliff weather station in the quaternary catchment. It was found that both SPI and SPEI responded to drought events in similar fashion in all time-scales. During the analysis period, a total of 37, 26 and 17 drought events were identified in the area based on 3-, 6-, and 12-month times-scales, respectively. Considering event magnitude as severity parameter, results from both indices identified the periods 1984-1985, 1992-1993 and 2003-2005 as the severest drought periods in the area. However, when the effects of both drought duration and magnitude are considered (drought intensity), the most severest drought events were identified during the years 1982/83, 1966 and 1973 based on 3-, 6- and 12-month timescales, respectively. It was concluded that although the SPEI generally exhibits veracity over SPI by including, apart from precipitation, additional meteorological parameter, mean temperature, SPI should be adopted as an appropriate drought monitoring tool in an area, like Africa, where meteorological data are scarce.
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Passos, Jacqueline Sobral de Araújo. "Variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação do Alto São Francisco (sub-40) utilizando dados do sensor PR/TRMM". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9123.
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The precipitation, due to its importance, is considered one of the main variables of the hydrological cycle. An alternative to collect rainfall data is using rainfall measurements by sensors/satellites. Among these kinds of alternative, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) allows the collection with a spatial resolution 0.25º × 0.25º. Thus, the objective of the study is to understand, in more detail, the behavior and distribution of rainfall throughout the Upper São Francisco basin (Sub-40), in a recent period (1998-2013). The survey was conducted in the following steps: collection of TRMM rainfall data from 1998 to 2013 organizing them monthly and yearly; getting Três Marias reservoir in flow data; getting altimetry SRTM data; analyzing the correlation between the TRMM precipitation and the inflows to Três Marias reservoir; generating surface profiles to compare with the precipitation data, analyzing the number of consecutive dry days and consecutive wet days; computing the Standardized Precipitation Index - SPI for each point (169 points); spatial distribution of annual and monthly accumulated rainfall data, the correlation of rainfall and flow, of consecutive wet and dry days, the SPI index and cluster analysis. According to the results, it can be concluded that the years of highest and lowest value of annual rainfall depth was respectively 2009 and 2012. The driest months are June to August, and July is the driest one. In contrast, the wettest months are from November to January, and most rainy month is December. The annual and monthly precipitation depth showed that the northeast region of the basin rains less and the western and southern basin are wetter. The precipitation response to the inflow to the Três Marias reservoir is four days after the rainfall occurs. The relation between precipitation and altimetry shows that most of the annual rainfall depth is directly proportional to altimetry, but in some cases it shows little variability in the ground. Regarding the SPI, it was possible to calculate the beginning, end, intensity and magnitude of each dry and wet season. From the maps, SPI spatial information was produced in order to identify for each period the regions with highest and lowest values. By means of the map and dendrogram clusters, regions with higher and lower similarity between the monthly accumulated rainfall data were identified. Finally, the TRMM sensor proved useful in the analysis of spatial and temporal variability of precipitation over the studied basin, accounting satisfactorily dry and rainy periods. With easy acquisition and handling, satellite data is a viable alternative to collect precipitation data with spatial and temporal quality, especially in areas of difficult access or in developing countries.
A precipitação, pela sua importância, é considerada uma das principais variáveis do ciclo hidrológico. Uma alternativa para coletar dados de chuva é utilizar precipitações obtidas por sensores/satélites. Dentre estes, a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) permite a coleta com resolução espacial de 0,25º × 0,25º. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo é compreender, de forma mais detalhada, o comportamento e a distribuição da precipitação ao longo da bacia do Alto São Francisco (Sub-40), em período recente (1998−2013). A pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes etapas: coleta de dados do TRMM para o período de 1998 a 2013 organizando-os em acumulados mensais e anuais; coleta dos dados de vazão do reservatório Três Marias; coleta de dados de altimetria SRTM; correlação diária entre os elementos de precipitação TRMM; analisar o comportamento da precipitação anual da Sub-40 frente aos dados altimétricos; identificar a quantidade de dias secos e úmidos consecutivos de cada ponto da grade utilizado; extração do Índice Padronizado de Precipitação - SPI para cada ponto (169 pontos); espacialização dos dados de precipitação acumulada anual e mensal, da correlação de chuva e vazão, dos dias secos e úmidos consecutivos, do Índice SPI e da análise de cluster. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os anos de maior e menor valor de precipitações acumuladas anuais foram respectivamente os anos de 2009 e 2012. Os meses mais secos foram os de junho a agosto, sendo julho o mês mais seco. Em contrapartida, os meses mais úmidos foram de novembro a janeiro, com maior precipitação ocorrendo em dezembro. Os dados de precipitação acumuladas anuais e mensais mostraram que a região nordeste da bacia chove menos e que o oeste e sul da bacia são mais úmidos. O tempo de resposta da precipitação frente à vazão afluente ao reservatório Três Marias é de quatro dias após a ocorrência de chuvas. A relação entre a precipitação e altimetria mostra que a maioria dos dados de precipitações acumuladas anuais é diretamente proporcional à altimetria, mas que em alguns casos ela apresenta pouca variabilidade em relação ao terreno. Com relação ao SPI, a partir dos mapas, produziram-se informações de SPI de maneira espacializada identificando a cada período as regiões de maiores e menores valores. Observando os mapas de clusters e dendrograma identificaram-se as regiões com maior e menor similaridade entre os dados de precipitação acumulada mensal. Por fim, o sensor TRMM se mostrou hábil na análise da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação sobre a bacia, representando de forma satisfatória os períodos secos e chuvosos. Com fácil aquisição e manuseio, os dados do satélite são uma alternativa viável para se coletar informações pluviométricas com qualidade espacial e temporal, principalmente em regiões de difícil acesso ou em países em desenvolvimento.
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Chattopadhyay, Somsubhra. "IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EXTREME HYDROLOGICAL EVENTS IN THE KENTUCKY RIVER BASIN". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/50.
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Anthropogenic activities including urbanization, rapid industrialization, deforestation and burning of fossil fuels are broadly agreed on as primary causes for ongoing climate change. Scientists agree that climate change over the next century will continue to impact water resources with serious implications including storm surge flooding and a sea level rise projected for North America. To date, the majority of climate change studies conducted across the globe have been for large-sized watersheds; more attention is required to assess the impact of climate change on smaller watersheds, which can help to better frame sustainable water management strategies.
In the first of three studies described in this dissertation, trends in annual precipitation and air-temperature across the Commonwealth of Kentucky were evaluated using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test considering meteorological time series data from 84 weather stations. Results indicated that while annual precipitation and mean annual temperature have been stable for most of Kentucky over the period 1950-2010, there is evidence of increases (averages of 4.1 mm/year increase in annual precipitation and 0.01 °C/year in mean annual temperature) along the borders of the Kentucky. Considered in its totality, available information indicates that climate change will occur – indeed, it is occurring – and while much of the state might not clearly indicate it at present, Kentucky will almost certainly not be exempt from its effects. Spatial analysis of the trend results indicated that eastern part of the state, which is characterized by relatively high elevations, has been experiencing decreasing trends in precipitation.
In the second study, trends and variability of seven extreme precipitation indices (total precipitation on wet days, PRCPTOT; maximum length of dry and wet periods, CDD and CWD, respectively; number of days with precipitation depth ≥20 mm, R20mm; maximum five-day precipitation depth, RX5day; simple daily precipitation intensity, SDII; and standardized precipitation index, SPI were analyzed for the Kentucky River Basin for both baseline period of 1986-2015 and the late-century time frame of 2070-2099. For the baseline period, the majority of the indices demonstrated increasing trends; however, statistically significant trends were found for only ~11% of station-index combinations of the 16 weather stations considered. Projected magnitudes for PRCPTOT, CDD, CWD, RX5day and SPI, indices associated with the macroweather regime, demonstrated general consistency with trends previously identified and indicated modest increases in PRCPTOT and CWD, slight decreases in CDD, mixed results for RX5day, and increased non-drought years in the late century relative to the baseline period. The study’s findings indicate that future conditions might be characterized by more rainy days but fewer large rainfall events; this might lead to a scenario of increased average annual rainfall but, at the same time, increased water scarcity during times of maximum demand.
In the third and final study, the potential impact of climate change on hydrologic processes and droughts over the Kentucky River basin was studied using the watershed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was successfully calibrated and validated and then forced with forecasted precipitation and temperature outputs from a suite of CMIP5 global climate model (GCMs) corresponding to two different representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) for two time periods: 2036-2065 and 2070-2099, referred to as mid-century and late-century, respectively. Climate projections indicate that there will be modest increases in average annual precipitation and temperature in the future compared to the baseline (1976-2005) period. Monthly variations of water yield and surface runoff demonstrated an increasing trend in spring and autumn, while winter months are projected as having decreasing trends. In general, maximum drought length is expected to increase, while drought intensity might decrease under future climatic conditions. Hydrological droughts (reflective of water availability), however, are predicted to be less intense but more persistent than meteorological droughts (which are more reflective of only meteorological variables). Results of this study could be helpful for preparing any climate change adaptation plan to ensure sustainable water resources in the Kentucky River Basin.
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Pieper, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Meteorological Drought - Universal Monitoring and reliable seasonal Prediction with the Standardized Precipitation Index / Patrick Pieper". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227582404/34.
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Rosa, Ricardo Granés Tavares Duarte. "Índices de seca. Aplicação ao continente português". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4488.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was tested along with two indices resulting from modifying its original formulation, one concerning the replacement of the Thornthwaite equation to compute potential evapotranspiration (ETP) by the FAO Penman-Monteith method, and the other consisting in replacing the soil water balance model and the ETP computation that passes to correspond to the ETP of an olive orchard, generating a new index: the MedPDSI. A factor for the normalization of the index, the climate characteristic (K), was reviewed and the index was calibrated for each analyzed location. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the 9 and 12 month time-scales was also tested and compared with the three variants of the PDSI. The results revealed that the modification of K improved the standardization of the PDSI and that the calibration produced statistically improved results. It was found that the MedPDSI anticipates the initiation of droughts over the original PDSI, either with ETP Thornthwaite or with ETP FAO Penman-Monteith, and tends to classify droughts more severely than the first. The use of 9 month time-scale in the SPI is the one that best relates to the PDSI, since it clearly anticipates the onset of droughts relative to the 12 month scale.
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SANTOS, Marcos Suassuna. "Caracterização espaço-temporal de secas utilizando ondaletas e o Standardized Precipitation Index: uma aplicação para a parcela mineira da bacia Rio São Francisco". reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 2011. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/doc/1221.
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A pesquisa desenvolvida tem foco na análise espaço-temporal das secas, baseada em informações de chuvas. Para a obtenção das séries históricas representativas das secas e estudo espacial do fenômeno, foi empregada a análise regional de precipitações com momentos-L, além do índice de seca Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Para a análise de séries temporais de secas foi utilizada a transformada de ondaletas, uma alternativa à transformada de Fourier, a qual permite identificar periodicidades nas séries além de localizar variações dessas periodicidades ao longo do tempo. Procurou-se ainda investigar possíveis influências dos fenômenos El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS), por meio do Índice Oceânico Niño (ION) e do Índice de Oscilação Sul (IOS), e do fenômeno da Oscilação Decenal do Pacífico (ODP) sobre os índices de secas obtidos. Foi proposto incorporar a análise regional de frequência no cálculo das séries de SPI, com vistas a contribuir com a superação da crítica de que, para esse cálculo, longos registros históricos de chuvas são necessários, além de considerar apenas a possibilidade de uso da distribuição de probabilidades Gama. Reforça-se a necessidade de, no cálculo do SPI, considerar outras possibilidades além dessa distribuição e a análise local de frequências, uma vez que valores extremos de chuvas eventualmente distorcem significativamente as estimativas do índice. Além disso, a análise regional de frequência permitiu definir regiões estatisticamente homogêneas, as quais apresentaram abrangência geográfica inversamente proporcional aos totais precipitados médios anuais. Para a análise de séries temporais o uso da transformada de ondaletas não detectou aumento da frequência de ocorrência de secas na área de estudo nos últimos anos. Além disso, não possibilitou fazer uma conexão clara entre as secas na região de estudo e os índices climáticos IOS, ION e ODP. Ainda assim, de alguma forma, percebeu-se que esses fenômenos de grande escala influenciam a intensidade das secas em escala local, uma vez que foi persistente a observação das secas mais extremas na região em fase fria de ENOS e ODP, corroborando a tese de que extremos climáticos são mais intensos na América do Sul quando o ENOS e ODP estão em fase.
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Santos, Marcus Suassuna. "Caracterização espaço-temporal de secas utilizando ondaletas e o standardized precipitation index: uma aplicação para a parecela mineira da Bacia do Rio São Francisco". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/REPA-8SBJYB.
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This research is focused on space-time analysis of droughts, based on rainfall data. In order to obtain time series of droughts, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a rainfall based drought index was used. The spatial analysis of the phenomenon was based on the regional analysis with L-moments. For the time series studies, the continuous wavelet transform was used. This technique shows up as an alternative to Fourier analysis, to identify periodicities in time series and to find variations of these frequencies over time. Also was sought to investigate possible influences of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the time series of drought index obtained.
It was proposed to incorporate the regional frequency analysis with L-moments for the calculation of the SPI, in order to overcome the necessity of long historical records of rainfall data in order to obtain a good estimative of the SPIs time series. Also a variety of probability distribution functions were tested, besides Gama. In addition, the regional frequency analysis came to define statistically homogeneous, which in general are spread over large areas whose sizes are inversely proportional to the mean values of rainfall. The continuous wavelet transform did not identify an increased frequency of occurrence of droughts in the study area over time. Also, through use of this technique, it was not possible to identify increased intensity of the phenomenon in the study area in recent years. Moreover, the technique did not allow making a clear connection between the droughts in the study area and macro climatic indices used (ENSO and PDO). Yet somehow, it was realized that these macro-scale phenomena may influence the intensity of drought on a local scale, as it was observed persistent cold phase ENSO and PDO in the most extreme drought events in the study area, corroborating the thesis that, when ENSO and PDO are in phase, weather extremes are more intense in South America.A pesquisa desenvolvida tem foco na análise espaço-temporal das secas, baseada em informações de chuvas. Para a obtenção das séries históricas representativas das secas e estudo espacial do fenômeno, foi empregada a análise regional de precipitações com momentos-L, além do índice de seca Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Para a análise de séries temporais de secas foi utilizada a transformada de ondaletas, uma alternativa à transformada de Fourier, a qual permite identificar periodicidades nas séries além de localizar variações dessas periodicidades ao longo do tempo. Procurou-se ainda investigar possíveis influências dos fenômenos El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS), por meio do Índice Oceânico Niño (ION) e do Índice de Oscilação Sul (IOS), e do fenômeno da Oscilação Decenal do Pacífico (ODP) sobre os índices de secas obtidos. Foi proposto incorporar a análise regional de frequência no cálculo das séries de SPI, com vistas a contribuir com a superação da crítica de que, para esse cálculo, longos registros históricos de chuvas são necessários, além de considerar apenas a possibilidade de uso da distribuição de probabilidades Gama. Reforça-se a necessidade de, no cálculo do SPI, considerar outras possibilidades além dessa distribuição e a análise local de frequências, uma vez que valores extremos de chuvas eventualmente distorcem significativamente as estimativas do índice. Além disso, a análise regional de frequência permitiu definir regiões estatisticamente homogêneas, as quais apresentaram abrangência geográfica inversamente proporcional aos totais precipitados médios anuais. Para a análise de séries temporais o uso da transformada de ondaletas não detectou aumento da frequência de ocorrência de secas na área de estudo nos últimos anos. Além disso, não possibilitou fazer uma conexão clara entre as secas na região de estudo e os índices climáticos IOS, ION e ODP. Ainda assim, de alguma forma, percebeu-se que esses fenômenos de grande escala influenciam a intensidade das secas em escala local, uma vez que foi persistente a observação das secas mais extremas na região em fase fria de ENOS e ODP, corroborando a tese de que extremos climáticos são mais intensos na América do Sul quando o ENOS e ODP estão em fase.
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Moreira, Adriana Aparecida. "Análise da seca/estiagem no norte do estado de Minas Gerais a partir de dados MODIS". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147931.
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A seca que assola o norte de Minas Gerais é um desencadeante de severos impactos socioambientais. Mudanças na distribuição das precipitações, ou mesmo a redução no volume de chuvas é fator suficiente para a desorganização da atividade econômica regional. Neste contexto, este trabalho analisou a distribuição espaço-temporal da seca/estiagem no norte de Minas Gerais, entre 2003 a 2014. A metodologia consistiu na elaboração de série temporal de anomalia padronizada de NDWI utilizando imagens de reflectância MOD13Q1/MODIS. Para a realização das análises utilizou-se como base: os decretos de anormalidade por motivo de seca/estiagem, dados de perdas e danos, de precipitação e de variação de água da subsuperfície das soluções GRACE. Foram realizadas correlações entre NDWI e precipitação e entre anomalia padronizada de NDWI e anomalia de precipitação, considerando dados sem e com 30 dias de defasagem. Foi aplicado teste de médias, teste t de Student, para a anomalia padronizada de NDWI e a anomalia de precipitação, em um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados demonstraram que a anomalia padronizada de NDWI identificou de forma satisfatória três períodos de seca/estiagem na região. Estes corroboram com os dados de decretos de emergência e calamidade pública, sendo observado um maior número de decretos, principalmente, nestes períodos. Dois períodos identificados como de seca/estiagem foram noticiados como de estiagem severa no norte de Minas Gerais. Esse fato corrobora os dados de anomalia padronizada de NDWI com a situação ocorrida na região. O quantitativo de áreas afetadas por seca também evidencia o mesmo período de maiores números de ocorrências de seca/estiagem e deficiência na distribuição da precipitação. No entanto, o emprego de anomalia padronizada de NDWI na identificação seca/estiagem, por si só, pode não ser suficiente para essa identificação, uma vez que, o fenômeno pode ocorrer e causar danos e prejuízos, em meio a uma paisagem verde, como constatado para 2010. As análises estatísticas mostraram que existem correlações com graus de intensidade melhores entre o NDWI e a precipitação com uma defasagem de 30 dias. Fato também observado para os dados de anomalia padronizada de NDWI e anomalia de precipitação, todavia, foram observadas correlações de fraca a moderada. O teste de médias apresentou diferenças entre as médias apenas para o ano de 2014. Apesar de em todos os outros períodos as médias não serem estatisticamente diferentes entre si, foram verificados baixos valores de p-value, com excessão do período entre 2008 e 2011, onde são verificados p-value entre 0,4 a 0,9. Ainda que os testes estatísticos não apresentaram uma ótima significância, a variação temporal dos dados de anomalia padronizada de NDWI e de anomalia de precipitação evidencia uma relação similar entre esses dados. Por fim, a comparação com dados das soluções GRACE, identificou os mesmos períodos verificados com a anomalia padronizada de NDWI, sendo então, observado que estes dados corroboram entre si na identificação de seca/estiagem no norte de Minas Gerais.The drought that affects the north of Minas Gerais State causes severe socio-environment impacts. Changes on the precipitation distribution or even the reduction of the raining amount is enough reason for regional disorganization. In this context, this work analyzed the drought spatial-temporal distribution in the north of Minas Gerais State, between 2003 and 2014. The methodology consisted on the elaboration of time series of standardized anomaly NDWI using images of reflectance MOD13Q1/MODIS. For the analysis it was used the following basis: the abnormality decrees caused by drought, damage and losses data, precipitation and the water subsurface range on GRACE solution. Correlations were conducted between NDWI and precipitation, as well as between standardized anomaly NDWI and precipitation anomaly, considering data with and without 30 days of gap. It was applied average test, the Student t-test, for the standardized anomaly NDWI and precipitation anomaly, with a confidence range of 95%. Results demonstrated that standardized anomaly NDWI satisfactorily identified three seasons of drought in this region. It corroborates with emergency decrees and public calamity data, in what it was observed a higher number of decrees, especially in these periods. Two seasons identified as drought were reported as severe drought in the north of Minas Gerais State. This fact validates the standardized anomaly NDWI data with the situation occurred in the region. The quantity of affected areas drought, also evidences the same period of larger numbers of occurrences drought and disability in the distribution of precipitation. However, the use of standardized anomaly NDWI by itself on the identification of drought may not be enough evidence for this association, since the phenomenon can occur and cause damages and losses among a green landscape, as seen in 2010. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there are correlations with better intensity degrees between the NDWI and the precipitation with a gap of 30 days. This fact was also observed for the standardized anomaly NDWI and precipitation anomaly data, however, mild to moderate correlations were observed. Student t-test demonstrated differences between the averages only for the year of 2014. Despite for all other periods averages were not statistically different, they were observed p-value low values, with the exception of the period between 2008 and 2011, which are verified p-value between 0.4 and 0.9. Although statistical tests did not demonstrated a great significance, the temporal variation of standardized anomaly NDWI data and precipitation anomaly evidenciate a similar relationship between these data. Lastly, the comparison with data from GRACE solutions, identified the same periods verified with the standardized anomaly NDWI, being then observed that these data corroborates between them in the identification of draught in the north of Minas Gerais State.
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CHHIN, Rattana. "Future Projection of Drought in the Indochina Region Based on the Optimal Ensemble Subset of CMIP5 Models". Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242616.
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SOUSA, Edicarlos Pereira de. "Padrões climáticos de eventos extremos de chuva utilizando análise multivariada e de ondeletas no Estado de Minas Gerais". Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1485.
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Capes
O estado de Minas Gerais, localizado na região Sudeste do Brasil, possui um território planáltico, com áreas mais elevadas situadas na porção sul. O clima é predominantemente tropical e tropical de altitude, com temperaturas oscilando, normalmente, entre 17 e 20°C. Tais características o tornam, muitas vezes, susceptível a fortes chuvas, provocando transtornos diversos à população. Desse modo, buscou-se analisar a variabilidade da chuva mineira através de técnicas que fossem capazes de definir padrões espaciais e temporais de eventos secos e chuvosos, assim como modulá-los nas escalas tempo-frequência. Para isso, calculou-se o Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (IPN) mensal e trimestral no período 1977-2012. A fim de encontrar padrões espaço-temporais e regiões homogêneas (RH) do IPN mensal e trimestral, utilizaram-se as técnicas da Análise em Componentes Principais (ACP) e Agrupamentos (AA). A técnica da Transformada de Ondeletas (TO) foi aplicada para algumas localidades das diferentes RH em diversas escalas. A TO possibilitou encontrar oscilações importantes no sinal da precipitação, mostrando as componentes dominantes da variabilidade da chuva na área pesquisada. Nos espectros de fase e global de energia da TO, para a chuva mensal, predominou o ciclo anual em todas as localidades. Além da escala anual, observaram-se interações com escalas inferiores a doze meses, possivelmente decorrentes da sazonalidade da precipitação. A TO da precipitação e da Radiação de Onda Longa (ROL) diárias evidenciou frequências maiores que as da chuva mensal. A análise dos espectros de fase e de energia global, nas regiões centro-sul e oeste, apresentou maior energia no início das séries da precipitação e de ROL. Contribuições mais elevadas ocorreram nas escalas sinóticas e intrassazonais, principalmente nas localidades de Viçosa, Bom Despacho, Ituiutaba e Lavras. Esses padrões temporais estão associados com a Oscilação de Madden-Julian (OMJ), intensificando a atuação de sistemas moduladores do clima de Minas Gerais. Oscilações em escalas menores que dez dias foram detectadas nos anos de 2011 e 2012 e podem estar associadas aos sistemas de curto prazo que contribuíram para a chuva mineira. No caso de 2011, os eventos de chuva observados em meados de janeiro foram modulados pelos episódios da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS) e reforçados pela atuação da OMJ.
The state of Minas Gerais, located in southeastern Brazil, has a plateaux area, with higher areas in the southern part. The climate is predominantly tropical and tropical altitude, with temperatures ranging normally between 17 and 20°C. These characteristics make it often susceptible to heavy rains, causing many disorders the population. Thus, it sought to analyze the variability of the rain of Minas Gerais through techniques that were able to define spatial and temporal patterns of dry and wet events, and modulate them in the time-frequency ranges. For this, we calculated the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) monthly and quarterly in the period 1977-2012. In order to find spatiotemporal patterns and homogeneous regions (HR) of the monthly and quarterly SPI, we used the techniques of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The technique of Wavelets Transform (WT) has been applied to some locations of the different HR at various scales. The WT possible find important variations in rainfall signal, showing the dominant components of rainfall variability in the studied area. In phase spectra and global energy of WT, for the monthly rainfall, dominated the annual cycle in all locations. In addition to the annual scale, there were interactions with scales less than twelve months, possibly due to the seasonality of precipitation. The WT of precipitation and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) daily reported higher frequencies than the monthly rainfall. Analysis of phase spectra and global power, in south-central and western regions, showed higher energy at the beginning of the series of precipitation and OLR. Higher contributions occurred in the synoptic and intraseasonal scales, especially in the localities of Viçosa, Bom Despacho, Ituiutaba and Lavras. These temporal patterns are associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), intensifying the activity of modulators systems climate of Minas Gerais. Oscillations at smaller scales than ten days were detected in 2011 and 2012 and may be associated with short-term systems that contributed to the Minas Gerais rainfall. In the case of 2011 rain events observed in mid-January they were modulated by episodes of South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and reinforced by the performance of MJO.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)"
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Almadani, Mohammad A. "Drought Assessment Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Case Study: Sulphur Springs Tampa FL". En Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 133–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7920-9_16.
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Beg, Ayad Ali Faris y Ahmed Hashem Al-Sulttani. "Spatial Assessment of Drought Conditions Over Iraq Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and GIS Techniques". En Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS in Iraq, 447–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21344-2_18.
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Parida, Suman Kalyani, Jyotiprakash Padhi, Paromita Chakraborty y Bitanjaya Das. "Drought Characterization During Monsoon Months Based on Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Nuapada District, Odisha, India". En Water Quality, Assessment and Management in India, 59–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95687-5_4.
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Ayuso, J. L., P. Ayuso-Ruiz, A. P. García-Marín, J. Estévez y E. V. Taguas. "Local Analysis of the Characteristics and Frequency of Extreme Droughts in Málaga Using the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index)". En Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 167–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12754-5_13.
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Kostopoulou, E., C. Giannakopoulos, D. Krapsiti y A. Karali. "Temporal and Spatial Trends of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Greece Using Observations and Output from Regional Climate Models". En Perspectives on Atmospheric Sciences, 475–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35095-0_68.
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Teixeira-Gandra, Claudia Fernanda Almeida, Gisele Machado da Silva, Rita De Cassia Fraga Damé, Maria Clotilde Carré Chagas Neta, Francisco Amaral Villela, Letícia Burkert Méllo, Emanuele Baifus Manke y Rosiane Schwantz do Couto. "Evaluation of Droughts in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Moreno Index (MI)". En INCREaSE 2019, 125–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30938-1_10.
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Amrit, Kumar, S. K. Mishra y R. P. Pandey. "Coupling of Tennant Concept with Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the Prediction of Environmental Flow Condition from Rainfall in Upper Narmada Basin". En Climate Change Impacts, 265–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5714-4_20.
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Dökmen, Funda, Zafer Aslan y Ahmet Tokgözlü. "Standardized Precipitation Index Analyses with Wavelet Techniques at Watershed Basin". En Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2017, 127–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62395-5_10.
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Sahu, Smruti Ranjan, Kishan Singh Rawat, Sanjeev Kumar, Anil Kumar Mishra y Sudhir Kumar Singh. "Monitoring Drought of Maharashtra, India by Using Standardized Precipitation Index". En Springer Proceedings in Energy, 201–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6879-1_20.
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Chervenkov, Hristo y Valery Spiridonov. "Precipitation Pattern Estimation with the Standardized Precipitation Index in Projected Future Climate over Bulgaria". En Large-Scale Scientific Computing, 443–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73441-5_48.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)"
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Santos, J. F., M. M. Portela, M. Naghettini, J. P. Matos y A. T. Silva. "Precipitation thresholds for drought recognition: a further use of the standardized precipitation index, SPI". En RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rbm130011.
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Theophilou, M. K. y D. Serghides. "Drought in Nicosia using Standardized Precipitation Index SPI-n and BMDI drought index". En Third International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment, editado por Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Kyriacos Themistocleous, Silas Michaelides y Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2196266.
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Ng, Cia Yik, Wan Zurina Wan Jaafar, Faridah Othman, Sai Hin Lai, Yiwen Mei y Juneng Liew. "Evaluation of Drought Conditions in Peninsular Malaysia during 1989-2018 using SPI and EDDI". En International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.1.
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Droughts are constantly threatening the global water availability and food securities worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the short- and long-term (1-, 6- and 12-month) drought conditions in Peninsular Malaysia during 1989-2018 using Standardized Precipitation Index and Evaporative Demand Drought Index. Historical trends of drought conditions were analyzed using modified Mann-Kendall test. Spearman’s ρ approach was also applied to examine the spatial patterns of correlations between these drought indices. Based on the findings, Evaporative Demand Drought Index shows increasing tendency towards drier conditions in the northern half of Peninsular Malaysia, but opposite trends are observed for Standardized Precipitation Index. The time series of Evaporative Demand Drought Index are generally well-correlated to that of Standardized Precipitation Index at all three timescales for the whole study area, except for the northern region. The evidence presented suggests Evaporative Demand Drought Index is a great alternative for drought monitoring applications in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Akbari, H., G. R. Rakhshandehroo, A. H. Sharifloo y E. Ostadzadeh. "Drought Analysis Based on Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) in Chenar Rahdar River Basin, Southern Iran". En Watershed Management Symposium 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479322.002.
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TAPARAUSKIENĖ, Laima y Veronika LUKŠEVIČIŪTĖ. "DROUGHT OCCURRENCE UNDER LITHUANIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS". En Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.059.
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This study provides the analysis of drought conditions of vegetation period in 1982-2014 year in two Lithuanian regions: Kaunas and Telšiai. To identify drought conditions the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied. SPI was calculated using the long-term precipitation record of 1982–2014 with in-situ meteorological data. Calculation step of SPI was taken 1 month considering only vegetation period (May, June, July, August, September). The purpose of investigation was to evaluate the humidity/aridity of vegetation period and find out the probability of droughts occurrence under Lithuanian climatic conditions. It was found out that according SPI results droughts occurred in 14.5 % of all months in Kaunas region and in 15.8 % in Telšiai region. Wet periods in Kaunas region occurred in 15.8 %, and in Telšiai region occurrence of wet periods was – 18.8 % from all evaluated months. According SPI evaluation near normal were 69.7 % of total months during period of investigation in Kaunas and respectively – 65.5 % in Telšiai. The probability for extremely dry period under Lithuania climatic conditions are pretty low – 3.0 % in middle Lithuania and 2.4 % in western part of Lithuania.
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El Orfi, Tarik, Mohamed El Ghachi y Sébastien Lebaut. "Characterization and Spatialization of Drought by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the Upper Basin of the Oum ErRbia River". En GEOIT4W-2020: 4th Edition of International Conference on Geo-IT and Water Resources 2020, Geo-IT and Water Resources 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3399205.3399211.
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ŻARSKI, Jacek, Stanisław DUDEK y Renata KUŚMIEREK-TOMASZEWSKA. "DRIP IRRIGATION AS A FACTOR MITIGATING DROUGHT IMPACT IN CORN CULTIVATION IN CENTRAL POLAND". En RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.167.
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The aim of the paper was to develop a model determining production effects of corn irrigation depending on a drought level in the growing season.Corn is particularly useful for cultivation in the conditions of irrigation since its yield in central Poland depends significantly on rainfall distribution in growing season. Corn was grown under irrigation conditions in the years 2005-2016 in the region of central Poland, meteorological data, were gained from the research station of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz. Based on the results of twelve-year effects of corn irrigation and meteorological data, the most relevant relationships between irrigation productivity and chosen indices during the period of high water needs of corn (from 1 June to 31 July) were searched. The following indicators were taken into account: absolute precipitation totals, relative precipitation index (RPI), standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the ratio of precipitation to reference evapotranspiration. The results shown that yield of non-irrigated corn were characterized by a very high variability and depended significantly on indicators, based mainly on rainfall conditions. The production effects of drip irrigation correlated significantly with the indicators during the period of high water needs of plants, covering June and July. In wet periods the increases in grain yields due to irrigation were non-significant and about four-fold lower and in the dry seasons – more than half higher than the average increases. There is a high importance of the results presented in the paper, because they can be used as a model for forecasting corn production and its economic effects as well as for planning the development of irrigation systems in a given area.
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Zolotokrylin, Aleksandr, Tatyana Titkova y Elena Cherenkova. "DRYNESS DYNAMICS OF THE SOUTH OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA IN THE SPRING - SUMMER PERIOD". En Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1697.978-5-317-06490-7/148-152.
Texto completoResumen
Changes in the characteristics of spring-summer droughts in the south of European Russia (twelve regions) in the period 1901-2018 were studied using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and analyzed in the periods of increasing/decreasing humidifying estimated by the Aridity Index (AI). In each studied region, the trends of aridization for centrury and more are not found. In the meantime, long-term interdecadal periods of increasing and decreasing aridization are detected. They are characterized by significant variation of frequency and intensity of spring-summer droughts. Decreasing aridization in the early 20th century over most of the south of European Russia has been replaced by aridization increase in 1930s. The period of increasing humidifying of the whole investigated area from 1960s to the end of 20th century changed to the period of increasing aridization. During dry periods, frequency of drought increases in 1.5 times, while drought intensity growth is insignificant. In actual dry period, beginning with the early 21th century, spring-summer droughts have emerged earlier in eastern part of South of European Russia; however, in western part drought are observed more often.
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Manganhar, Suhail y Humayoon Sial. "Projection of Geographical Variability and Temporal Trends on Drought Characteristics Using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for Water Resource Management of Critical Zones in Sindh, Pakistan." En 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-5-08449.
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Anggono, W. S. P. Dwi, Kristoko Dwi Hartomo y Eko Sediyono. "Standardized precipitation index web application mapping shiny model". En 2017 International Conference on Innovative and Creative Information Technology (ICITech). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innocit.2017.8319131.
Texto completoInformes sobre el tema "Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)"
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Krishnappa, Rakshith y Vidhya Sivakumar. Characterization of Drought Vulnerability Assessment Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI): Merits and Limitations. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, septiembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.09.18.
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Leis, Sherry y Lloyd Morrison. Plant community trends at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve: 1998–2018. National Park Service, octubre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294512.
Texto completoResumen
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network monitors plant communities at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve and evaluates a variety of environmental variables that affect vegetation patterns, including climate and ecological disturbances such as fire and grazing. Here we report on 2002–2018 trends in management actions (fire and grazing) and key plant community indicators. Temperature has increased over the past 50 years in the region. Precipitation and a standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index included a high degree of interannual variability and did not demonstrate directional change. We documented a decline in disturbance intensity (i.e., less frequent prescribed fire and lower stocking rates) since 2006. A preserve goal is to maintain 30 to 60% of the area as bare ground (soil and rock) for ideal greater prairie-chicken habitat. Bare areas have been in decline and minimally meet the goal preserve wide. Bare areas vary by pasture and year, with bare areas exceeding the threshold in earlier years and Big Pasture and Red House Pasture falling short in some recent years. Although the preserve-scale mean minimally met the objective, there was a great deal of heterogeneity across monitoring sites. Litter cover and depth were greater than ecological recommendations for the greater prairie-chicken, especially in 2018. Litter depth demonstrated a great deal of variability and included deep litter. Woody plants were targeted to remain below 5% cover. Preserve- and pasture-scale cover means were well below this threshold but are increasing. Species richness on a per site basis (alpha diversity) and preserve-wide richness (gamma diversity) showed no apparent directional change when corrected for differences in sample size. Comparison of native species composition between 2002 and 2018 revealed a 36.9% difference in the Sørensen Index, although observer error accounted for almost 2/3 of this apparent change. The preserve continues to have characteristic tallgrass prairie species, and nonnative species continue to be low. Similar to targeted invasive plant monitoring, we found the target species Kentucky bluegrass to be below park thresholds. Continued evaluation of fire frequency and grazing intensity will be critical to achieving ecological goals including conserving the greater prairie-chicken. Development of a grazing plan may assist with prescribing stocking rates that are consistent with the preserve’s ecological and cultural objectives and could include alternative herbivores, such as goats or expansion of bison.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring trends in restored tallgrass prairie at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 2008–2020. National Park Service, abril de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293117.
Texto completoResumen
Plant community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) focused on the restored tallgrass prairie community. Six monitoring sites were visited four times and observations of plant species and ground cover were made. In addition to those observations, we included two environmental factors in this report—precipitation and recent fire history—to help understand the vegetation data status and trends. Precipitation data (standardized vegetation index) indicated drought conditions in 2012 and some dry periods in 2016. Although prairies are adapted to drought, we found that species richness at the site and community scales (alpha and gamma diversity) were reduced in dry years. Fire management also plays an important role in shaping the plant communities. Prescribed fire occurrence became less frequent through the monitoring period. Also, additional treatments, including herbicide and mowing, likely shaped the prairie community. Tree regeneration and nonnative plants in particular may have been affected by these techniques. The prairie plant community continues to be moderately diverse despite recent increases in tree seedlings and small saplings. Species richness varied over time and was correlated with precipitation; diversity indices (H′ and J′) were similar across monitored years. Species guilds (also known as functional groups) demonstrated differing patterns. Woody plants, long a concern at the park, were abundant and statistically similar across years. Many guilds were quite variable across the sites, but nonnative forbs declined, and nonnative grasses increased. Overstory trees and canopy cover, measured for the first time in 2020, have likely influenced the composition of one site. The composition of this site points to a shrubland-savanna community. Four of the sites tended towards shrubland rather than tallgrass prairie. The vegetation monitoring protocol experienced some changes between 2008 and 2020. A key difference was a shift from sampling twice during the field season to sampling only once in a monitoring year. An anticipated decline in species richness was observed in 2012 and 2016, but we were unable to isolate sample design as the cause. Additionally, we remedied inconsistencies in how tree regeneration was recorded by tallying seedlings and saplings in the field. Our quality assurance procedures indicated that our observer error from pseudoturnover was 20.2%, meeting our expectations. Cover class estimates agreed 73% of the time, with all disagreements within one cover class. Coordinating management actions to achieve plant community goals like structure and composition of tallgrass prairie will be critical to the survival of the prairie species at the park. Fire and nonnative plant treatments along with the reduction of woody cover including trees are needed to arrest the transition to savanna and woodland community types. Frequent prescribed fire is an integral process for this community and there is no equivalent substitute. Continued focus on management for the desired tallgrass prairie community will also provide needed habitat for imperiled pollinators such as the monarch butterfly. Best management practices for pollinators on federal lands specify that treatments (prescribed fire, mowing or haying) should not occur during the blooming season or when pollinator breeding, egg, larval or pupal stages are present.