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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Stress oxydatif – Plantes – Embryologie"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Stress oxydatif – Plantes – Embryologie"
Rajjou, Loïc. "Analyse protéomique de la germination des graines et de la mise en place des mécanismes précoces de défense chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3005.
Texto completoSeed is the most widespread plant multiplication system. The agricultural, industrial and scientific worlds are very interested by seed biology. The formation and the development of seed constitute key stages in the plant life. During seed maturation, many metabolic processes are involved. Seed acquires a strong tolerance to the desiccation and accumulates reserves in order to mobilize them during germination. By definition, germination sensu stricto incorporates those events that start with the uptake of water by the non-dormant quiescent dry seed stop with the protusion of the radicle and the elongation of the embryonic axis. To investigate the role of stored and neosynthetized mRNAS and proteins in seed germination, we examined the effect of alpha-amanitin, a transcriptional inhibitor. Arabidopsis seed germination occured in spite of the absence of transcription. Increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species are known to occur during seed development and germination. This oxidative stress tends to increase during seed aging. Proteomic analysis of differential aged seeds highlights several germinative quality markers. In the plant life cycle, seeds and seedlings are the most vulnerable stages, particularly susceptible to environmental conditions. Toward a characterization of early plant defense mechanisms was assessec by physiological measurements and proteomics during seed germination what is fundamental importance in agriculture
Mentewab, Ayalew. "Androgénèse in vitro chez le blé : utilisation pour la transformation génétique et l'amélioration de la résistance au stress hydrique". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT001A.
Texto completoMillet, Yves. "Suppression of Arabidopsis thaliana root innate immunity by Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin coronatine and functional studies of the cytochrome P450 CYP76C2". Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/MILLET_Yves_2009.pdf.
Texto completoOver the course of evolution, plants developed sophisticated defense mechanisms against bacterial and fungal pathogens. One of the first layers of plant defense is called PAMP triggered immunity (PTI) and is based on the recognition of conserved epitopes of pathogen-derived molecules called PAMPs/MAMPs (Pathogen/Microbe Associated Molecular Patterns). This recognition activates defense responses including the deposition of callose at the site of pathogen attack. Despite the fact that roots are the organs most subject to microbial interactions, MAMP signaling in roots remains largely unexplored. I developed an Arabidopsis thaliana seedling assay to study PTI in roots based on the detection of callose and the activation of promoter:GUS reporters of MAMP-responsive genes. I found that MAMPs trigger a strong response in roots dependent on ethylene signaling, the MYB51 transcription factor, the cytochrome P450 CYP81F2, and the PEN2 myrosinase, but independent of salicylic acid signaling. In addition, I show that the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress this response and that P. Syringae is doing so by producing the phytotoxi coronatine. I found that coronatine acts via the E3 ligase COI1 and the transcription factor JIN1/MYC2. I performed a forward genetic screen to isolate mutants impaired in COR-mediated suppression in an attempt to identify new players involved in COR signaling. In this thesis, I also present data concerning CYP76C2, a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 that is highly induced by MAMPs and pathogens in Arabidopsis leaves. I confirmed that CYP76C2 is activated during pathogen infection and various cell death elicited scenarios. Furthermore, I demonstrate that CYP76C2 is partially dependent on SA signaling and may be involved in controlling oxidative damage during infection
Paris, Krystel. "Évaluation de l'impact des pesticides associés aux plantes génétiquement modifiées sur l'incidence de l'endométriose". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4084.
Texto completoRamel, Fanny. "Implication des sucres solubles dans les réponses aux stress xénobiotique et oxydatif chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S015.
Texto completoSoluble sugars, i. E. Mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose, play a central role in the structure, metabolism and functioning of higher plants. They are also involved in responses to numerous biotic or abiotic stresses, where they act not only as metabolites, but also as signalling molecules that activate signal transduction pathways leading to important modifications of gene expression. Their involvement in the responses to xenobiotic and oxidative stress was studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in interaction with pollutant molecules, principally atrazine, an herbicide of the triazine family, which was used as a model pollutant causing severe oxidative stress. Sucrose-induced tolerance to atrazine stress was analysed by transcriptome profiling associated with further biochemical, genetic, physiological and ecophysiological studies. This resulted in the demonstration that atrazine induced modifications of gene expression leading to severe disturbances of defence and repair systems. These toxic effects were lifted by exogenous sucrose, which maintained or induced mechanisms of reactive oxygen species detoxication and of repairs of oxidative damage. Moreover, transcription factors that are necessary for the activation of sucrose-induced tolerance were identified and partially characterised. Finally, induction of tolerance was validated in the ecophysiological context of endogenous soluble sugar fluctuations in various accessions of Arabidopsis, through correlations between the levels of endogenous sucrose and variations of atrazine sensitivity, thus revealing the importance of nutritional status and carbon allocation in acclimation to abiotic stresses in plants
Jovanovic, Mariana. "MicroARN : acteurs de l'architecture racinaire et de la réponse aux contraintes environnementales chez les plantes ?" Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112078.
Texto completoSmall non coding RNAs, and particularly microRNAs, have been lately implicated as post-transcriptional regulators of several developmental processes and stress responses in plants. This project aimed to identify and characterize new small RNAs that could be involved in responses to environmental constraints and/or linked to the root adaptative plasticity. Using a small RNA library constructed from Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures treated with H2O2, we identified 51 new small RNA sequences. Among them, several displayed particular characteristics and/or expression patterns in plant tissues or in response to oxidative stress. Potential targets were identified. Furthermore, we identified and characterized one Arabidopsis-specific microRNA, MIR773, whose expression is enriched in root tissues. MIR773 targets a subset of the MET family proteins, which are plant homologues of the major DNA cytosine methyltransferase in mammals (Dnmt1) and plants (MET1). We generated transgenic lines overexpressing this microRNA and analyzed in detail their phenotypes during development and in response to abiotic stresses. Finally, we attempted to analyze the methylation profiles of these lines. However, results indicate that this microRNA/target pair may not be involved in the regulation of DNA methylation in plants. Finally, we describe the involvement of the MtMIR166a locus, which contains two tandem copies of mature MIR166, in the regulation of several class III HD-ZIP (HomeoDomain leucine-ZIPper) genes in Medicago truncatula. Particularly, this microRNA has been involved in the regulation of symbiotic nodule and lateral root development
Magnan, Fabienne. "Analyse fonctionnelle d'une protéine de type calmoduline d'Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCML9) : rôle dans les réponses des plantes aux contraintes de l'environnement". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30041.
Texto completoAissa, Abdi Fatima. "Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction enhances in vitro plant organogenesis". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS136/document.
Texto completoIn vitro shoot regeneration is a complex process routinely used for vegetative propagation and to study plant organogenesis. Despite multiple applications of in vitro shoot initiation, the regulatory mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Prior to the beginning of my PhD thesis, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant in which a defect in the complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) results in a higher shoot regeneration rate compared to wild type, measured on protoplast-derived calli. At the beginning of my PhD project, I confirmed the link between the respiratory defect and the shoot regeneration boost with a specific complex I inhibitor called rotenone. To understand this phenomenon, I investigated the molecular and biochemical mechanisms linking mitochondrial respiration and shoot organogenesis. For this purpose, I analyzed different mutants affected in the complex I activity and concluded that the resulting growth retardation is positively correlated with the regeneration rate. To understand how mETC perturbations promote shoot regeneration, I compared gene expression profiles in complex I mutant tissues and in calli treated with rotenone. Our data show, on the one hand, that gene expression profiles are different in complex I mutants and, on the other hand, that rotenone induces an oxidative stress, inhibits cell proliferation, and modulate hormonal regulations. I confirmed that the oxidative response induced by rotenone is rapidly relayed in the cytosol with a redox- sensitive biosensor. Altogether, our results suggest a causal link between an oxidative stress caused by respiratory impairments and shoot regeneration enhancement. Our findings point to alternative methods to promote in vitro organogenesis via transient inhibition of mitochondrial activities
Marimoutou, Méry. "Étude de l'impact des extraits de trois plantes médicinales riches en polyphénols antioxydants sur la réponse métabolique et inflammatoire des cellules adipeuses dans le contexte de la pathologie de l'obésité". Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0031.
Texto completoDuring obesity, excess fat mass is accumulated in adipose tissue, more precisely in adipocytes, which the precursor cells are preadipocytes. Adipose tissue is the place of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Plants rich in polyphenol, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, are high of interest to fight against obesity. In La Réunion, medicinal plants are commonly used for these properties but few literature data exist. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of antioxidant polyphenol-rich extracts from medicinal plants of La Réunion, such as Antirhea borbonica (Bois d’Osto), Doratoxylon apetalum (Bois de gaulette), Gouania mauritiana (Liane Montbrun), on the metabolic and inflammatory response in adipose cells in the context of obesity. Our results have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in presence of three mediators of inflammation. Plant extracts are able to potentiate fat accumulation induced by insulin reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during oxidative stress. These results were confirmed by a study on animal model. The plant extract from D. apetalum improved storage fat, antioxidant status and inflammatory profile of adipose tissue of obese mice. This work lead to evaluated the impact of antioxidant polyphenol-rich extract from three medicinal plants on metabolic and inflammatory response in adipose cells in the context of obesity
Herbette, Stéphane. "Etude des glutathions peroxydases (GPX) chez les végétaux supérieurs : rôle dans la réponse au stress". Clermont -Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF22494.
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