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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Trademark infringements"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 2 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Trademark infringements"

Gongol, Tomáš. "Trademark infringements in the domain .cz". E+M Ekonomie a Management 22, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2019-4-011.

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Zhang, Yanan. "Punitive damages in trademark infringement disputes in China: challenges and prospects". Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 11, n.º 3 (agosto de 2021): 362–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2021.03.05.

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Punitive damages were introduced into the intellectual property field in China by legislation permitting their imposition for malicious and serious infringements. This paper offers a comprehensive legal framework of punitive damages regarding trademark infringement and a critical analysis of the application of punitive damages in trademark infringement disputes in Chinese judicial practice. My research reveals that punitive damages have rarely been imposed since the punitive damages provision, Article 63 of the Trademark Law, took effect in 2014, whereas statutory damages have been applied extensively. The reason for this is that there are few guidelines for the application of this provision. The challenges to the application include undefined statutory requirements, difficulties in not only assessing compensation but also providing evidence and determining the multiple of compensation, and an unclear relationship between statutory damages and punitive damages. The 2019 Amendment of the Trademark Law retains these problems. Fortunately, the recently released Judicial Interpretation and typical cases concerning punitive damages contribute to resolving them. Moreover, those cases in which punitive damages have been applied have gradually revealed some basic principles for their application. Reform suggestions are offered in order to stimulate the development of a more thorough and uniform application of the punitive damages provision.

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da Silva Lopes, Teresa y Mark Casson. "Brand Protection and the Globalization of British Business". Business History Review 86, n.º 2 (2012): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680512000414.

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In expanding on earlier analyses of the evolution of multinational business that have drawn from concepts of competition and innovation, this study examines the strategies used by British multinationals, between 1870 and 1929, to protect the global reputation of their brands, which were crucial to their survival and success. Even after the passage of new trademark legislation in 1876, enforcement of trademarks remained expensive, and often firms preferred to negotiate, rather than to prosecute violations. Many trademark imitators were based in the newly industrializing countries of the time—the United States, Germany, and Japan—and were part of the British export supply chains as licensees, franchisees, or wholesalers. British firms responded to infringements by lobbying governments, appointing local agents to provide intelligence, and collaborating with other firms.

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Alawsi, Dr Husham. "The Role of Bahraini Law on Online Copyright Infringement". International Business & Economics Studies 2, n.º 4 (20 de noviembre de 2020): p23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v2n4p23.

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The main aim of this research paper is to look at the role of Bahraini law in copyright infringement. In Bahrain, many commercially pirated audio and video markets have been eliminated through various laws. However, video, software and audio piracy by end-users is still a huge problem. A copyright infringement is considered to be a violation of an organization or individual’s copyright. It describes the copyrighted material’s unauthorized use, such as images, text, videos, software, music and other original content. Copyright infringements have been formally addressed through various copyrights law in Bahrain, but there are some glaring omissions as well. No other protect has been attacked more than computer hardware and software in Bahrain, copying of computer software is “out of control” in Bahrain. Many companies have been accused of using illegal copies of Microsoft computer software products. The study argues that country might have a beautifully tidy and coherent law, but it might not be followed. The mechanisms of criminal and civil enforcement, and the working of patent and trademark offices and of the judicial system itself, are essential to the enforcement of copyright laws in practice. The absence of governmental interference helps Bahraini software pirates to work at will. The study concludes while contended that there should be a law with regard to compulsory licensing since this compulsory licensing would be required by the companies to transfer data to a domestic partner. Furthermore, stricter enforcement of copyright laws is essential because they would help prevent copyright infringements in Bahrain.

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Sikora, Małgorzata. "Ochrona domen internetowych a posiadanie znaków towarowych". Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 28 (26 de septiembre de 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.28.3.

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Artykuł odnosi się do złożonej relacji między znakami towarowymi a rejestracją domen internetowych. W związku z rosnącym znaczeniem domen internetowych można zaobserwować dynamicznie rozwijający się obszar potencjalnych naruszeń znaków towarowych, takich jak pasywna rejestracja domeny internetowej, rejestracja w złej wierze lub też zjawisko cybersquattingu. Opracowanie dotyczy kwestii związanych z międzynarodowym mechanizmem rozwiązywania sporów domenowych wypracowanych przez ICANN w postaci procedury UDRP oraz odpowiednich arbitraży akredytowanych przez tę instytucję. Co więcej, prezentuje istotne decyzje arbitrażowe oraz krajowe związane ze sporami o naruszenie znaku towarowego przez działania związane z domenami internetowymi. Relation between Internet domain protection and trademarksThis article attempt to describe the complex phenomenon of domain name usage and trademarks. It is well-known that domain names become more and more important as a brand element and may clash with trademarks especially when it comes to passive registration, registration in bad faith or cybersquatting. The article addresses the issue on an international level as presented by the ICANN procedure under UDRP and adequate arbitration with some national jurisdiction insights. It also presents some relevant case law addressing domain name registration in the light of trademark infringements.

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Nedohybchenko, Yevheniia. "Criminal protection of objects of individualization in Ukraine and abroad". Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, n.º 6 (16 de junio de 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/62020.233968.

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Keywords: object of individualization, trademark, mark for goods and services,criminal liability, criminal legal protection Problems of criminal law protection and protection of meansof individualization among the participants of economic circulation has not found itscoverage and analysis in the legal literature.Legal regulation of industrial property protection at the international level takesplace within a number of agreements: the Paris Convention for the Protection of IndustrialProperty of 1883, the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registrationof Marks of 1891, the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registrationof Industrial Designs of 1925, and others.The article examines the experience of criminal law protection of trademarks ofthe following countries: USA, Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Ukraine.The author speaks about the need to unify approaches to criminal prosecution inUkraine. This will facilitate effective litigation. Establish liability for infringement oftrademark rights. Will contribute to the improvement of the national system of protectionof intellectual property rights. Increase safeguards to protect intellectualproperty rights. It will raise Ukraine's image in the world.The laws of the countries define in detail the scope of rights of owners to intellectualproperty. The law provides a list of actions that are considered a crime.In the United States, a criminal case is initiated by the federal government or thestate. In the Federal Republic of Germany, most infringements of intellectual property rights are governed by civil law. An offense is a criminal offense if it is committedwith intent.Ukraine also has special legislation. Criminal liability is established in the relevantarticles of the Code. These articles are in different sections of the Criminal Codeof Ukraine. Such placement of norms negatively affects the punishment of violators.There is a need to unify approaches to prosecuting offenders. This will facilitate effectivelitigation. Establish liability for violations of the law. Will contribute to the improvementof the national system of protection of intellectual property rights. Increasingguarantees of protection of intellectual property rights. It is necessary to do so byintroducing the relevant into the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

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Mukhtar, Sohaib, Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol y Sufian Jusoh. "Civil Procedure of Trademark Enforcement in Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis with Malaysia and USA". Journal of Asian Research 3, n.º 2 (3 de abril de 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jar.v3n2p95.

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<em>Civil procedure of trademark enforcement runs in Pakistan under Trade Marks Ordinance 2001, Code of Civil Procedure 1908 and Specific Relief Act 1877. Trademark is one of the components of Intellectual Property Law, it is a mark, name, sign, smell or a sound which distinguishes goods and services of one undertaking from goods and services of other undertakings. It is required to be distinctiveness and non-descriptive, it losses its distinctiveness when owner of registered trademark does not take prompt action against its infringement. The registered trademark owner may file civil suit against infringement of his registered trademark before the concerned District Court of Law for claiming damages and obtaining injunctions. The Trademark Registry works under Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan (IPO-Pakistan) for registration and protection of trademarks in Pakistan. Similarly, Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO) is empowered agency of trademark registration and its protection in Malaysia. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is responsible for registration and protection of trademarks in United States of America (USA). Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) is the only International Treaty which contains exhaustive provisions on trademark enforcement includes civil procedure, administrative procedure, criminal procedure, provisional and border measures. Important civil procedure of trademark enforcement issues need to be clarified in trademark law of Pakistan includes trademark infringement, trademark dilution and rectification of trademark register. This article is comparative analysis of civil procedure of trademark enforcement in Pakistan, Malaysia and USA.</em>

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Wauran, Indirani y Titon Slamet Kurnia. "CONFUSION DAN PEMBATALAN MEREK OLEH PENGADILAN". Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 27, n.º 2 (13 de octubre de 2015): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15888.

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This article criticizes the judicial review practice over trademarks infringement in Indonesia. This article argues that to be fair the court should consider the confusion effect to determine whether there is a trademarks infringement case in accordance with Art. 16.1 of the TRIPs Agreement. This article concludes that Indonesia needs to improve its legislation to meet the requirement of the TRIPs Agreement and to improve the judges quality in applying the Trademarks Law properly by considering its purpose which grants the trademark owner a protection of the trademark’s identity and a protection against confusion against unauthorized use by third parties. Artikel ini mengkritisi praktik yudisial atas kasus pelanggaran merek di Indonesia. Atas dasar itu artikel ini berargumen bahwa supaya adil maka pengadilan seyogianya mempertimbangkan efek kebingungan untuk menentukan apakah ada pelanggaran merek sesuai Art. 16.1 TRIPs Agreement. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa Indonesia perlu memperbaiki legislasinya supaya sesuai tuntutan TRIPs Agreement dan meningkatkan kualitas hakimnya dalam menerapkan Hukum Merek secara memadai dengan mempertimbangkan aspek purposivenya untuk memberikan kepada pemilik merek perlindungan atas identitas mereknya itu sendiri dan perlindungan atas kebingungan yang ditimbulkan oleh penggunaan merek tanpa hak oleh pihak ketiga.

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Cho, Sungho, J. Lucy Lee, June Won y Jong Kwan (Jake) Lee. "Empirical Investigation of Sport Trademark Dilution Using Contingent Valuation Method". Journal of Sport Management 34, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2020): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0174.

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Under the federal trademark law, owners of famous sport trademarks may bring legal claims against unauthorized users of their marks under the infringement and dilution theory. Although the rationale of trademark infringement has been supported by various notions of consumer psychology and law and economics, the theory of dilution has been criticized for the lack of empirical support. This study investigated whether the junior use of major sport trademarks would have dilutive effects on the senior marks in financial terms. The study employed the contingent valuation method, a technique designed to estimate the economic values of nonpecuniary assets such as trademarks. A total of 140 subjects were exposed to dilutive information while they purchased sport brand merchandise. A series of pre- and posttests revealed that moderately famous sport trademarks suffered dilutive harm from junior use, whereas exceptionally famous marks were immune to the dilutive effects. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

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Islam, Mahbubl. "Legal Responses to IPR Infringement in Internet Sphere". Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 5, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2018): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v5i1.329.

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The emergence of the Internet has changed the ways in which we create, distribute, access, and use information. The Internet provides manifold opportunities for users, operators, businesses, and the public at large for speedy, cheap, and global dissemination of information, knowledge, research, and entertainment. At the same time, it also poses complex conceptual and empirical challenges for intellectual property and related rights. Works of intellectual property can be digitized and transferred over the Internet. Many trademarks have been placed on it by the companies for advertising and marketing goods and services. In the field of copyright, a number of works of literature, film and art, and notably computer programs, have been transferred over the Internet. The patent system has also migrated onto the Internet. It is now popular for companies to patent their online business methods. In the Internet Sphere, the infringer can easily misdirect consumers to its website by using another’s trademark as a meta-tag, and it is also easy to copy and distribute other’s copyright materials unlawfully. Due to global nature of the Internet, an Internet IP infringement usually happens not only within one country but also across borders. All of these have raised many difficulties for the protection of IPRs in Internet sphere. Therefore everyone has been dubious of what the actual laws concerning Intellectual Property rights are in relation to Internet sphere. Today the Internet explosion has made the question of how to enforce IP law on a global scale as an imperative issue. In this Article, the author tries to accentuate the existing as well as changing IPR challenges brought about by the Internet and project what issues a national legislature should consider to meet the demands of the digital revolution. The core object of this study is to scrutinize the compelling factors behind the Intellectual Property Rights Infringements through the Internet and investigate the existing Legal Responses in International, Regional and Local levels. However, the findings demonstrate that mass-awareness, consensus and mutual co-operation among the developed and developing countries, proper enforcement of the existing laws as well as bringing amendments to some areas of Law can be cited as a potential solution.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Trademark infringements"

Marsoof, Mohomed Ali Althaf. "Holding internet intermediaries accountable for infringements of trademark rights : approaches and challenges". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/holding-internet-intermediaries-accountable-for-infringements-of-trademark-rights(5748b728-79de-4aae-a506-7844c7cee8f8).html.

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Despite the obvious advantages of the internet, there is little debate that it significantly facilitates Intellectual Property (IP) rights infringements, particularly in the trademark context. Infringers not only remain hidden by the anonymity that the internet provides, but also take advantage of the difficulties in enforcing IP rights. In these circumstances, it has become necessary to shift focus from the actual infringers, and instead focus on internet intermediaries (such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs), hosts and navigation providers, such as search engines) that are responsible in numerous ways for making content, including those that infringe trademark rights, available to internet users. Accordingly, this thesis addresses the following research question – ‘what are the approaches for, and challenges in, holding internet intermediaries accountable for infringements of trademark rights?’ This thesis argues that accountability can be achieved through both monetary and non-monetary remedies. The first substantive part of the thesis focuses on monetary remedies. Although trademark law in the United Kingdom (UK) and the English common law have not provided trademark owners with an effective remedy against internet intermediaries, by which these intermediaries could be held liable for their role in making infringing content available to internet users, the experience in other Member States of the European Union (EU) and in the United States (US) has been quite the opposite. In the second substantive part, this thesis builds on the discussion concerning approaches in the US and continental EU Member States, in order to propose suitable reforms to UK (as well as EU) trademark law that would potentially allow aggrieved trademark owners to claim monetary relief against internet intermediaries in the form of an action for trademark infringement. The proposal for legal reforms identifies the class of intermediaries against whom, and the circumstances in which, such monetary relief should be made available. Consequential legal reforms are proposed in order to counter the potential abuse of notice-and-takedown procedures, which this thesis identifies as a direct consequence of the interplay between the proposed liability framework and the EU safe harbour that limits such liability. The last substantive part of the thesis considers injunctive relief as a means of holding internet intermediaries accountable for making infringing content available to internet users. This part sets out how injunctions have been utilised in the UK against ISPs, and identifies key challenges underpinning this remedy, while also considering its application to other types of intermediaries. Having considered comparable approaches in Chile, Singapore and Australia, recommendations are made for suitable legal reforms to the EU legal framework, which has hitherto shaped the development of UK law in this regard. These suggested reforms are aimed at overcoming the challenges associated with the injunctive remedy, while promoting it as an effective way of holding internet intermediaries accountable for making content that infringes trademark rights available to internet users.

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Lindell, Philip. "Trademark infringement online : The accountability of internet intermediaries for third-party trademark infringement in the EU and the US". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412913.

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Zixin, Shan. "Confusion or Likelihood of Confusion? : Trademark Infringement in China and EU". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356259.

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Miggels, Alvizo Romano. "An analysis of trademark infringement by dilution under South African law". University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7329.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The rights relating to a trademark are said to be found in the fact that proprietors have acquired goodwill and a repute in their mark. Trademark law has always protected that aspect of what a trademark embodied, inter alia, to serve as a symbol of where a product originates from and guarantee quality by the setting the registered trademark proprietor’s goods apart from those of his competitor. The dilution of a trademark is one of the most challenging issues facing the sphere of trademark law in South Africa. Trademark proprietors have in the past relied successfully on primary and secondary or extended infringement. There has, however, been a dearth of cases on infringement by dilution thus far. The research in this study will primarily take the form of an evaluation of the development of the anti-dilution action and why there is dearth of successful cases in South Africa. Trademark proprietors are at risk of suffering financial loss if they are not able to protect their marks from dilution. The thesis will make recommendations whether the dilution provision contained in the Act need reform or whether the approach to the application of the anti-dilution provisions by our judiciary needs to change.

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Chen, Shui 1969. "The enforcement of trademark rights in the People's Republic of China /". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78209.

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Trademark counterfeiting is one of the most serious problems ever encountered in China. The Chinese government, recognizing the adverse effects that counterfeiting has had on both foreign investment and the nation's economy, has begun to take steps to protect intellectual property rights. To this end, the nation amended its Trademark Law on 27 October 2001. The aims of the amendment are to improve management of trademarks, to strengthen punishment for infringements, and to further meet the requirements of the TRIPs. Although the new amendment is laudable, eliminating the problem will take time.
This thesis offers an overview of trademark enforcement in China, beginning with a historical review of China's trademark law before moving on to examine the original version of current trademark legislation, the 1982 Trademark Law. The entry into force of the WTO placed tremendous pressure on China to meet international standards, resulting in the 2001 amendment and the protection it affords to well-known trademarks, as is discussed next. Finally, an examination of the enforcement of the trademark law in China, including the status of counterfeiting, the enforcement system, and the difficulties associated with enforcing trademark rights, is undertaken. The thesis concludes that the Chinese government has made remarkable progress in its quest to combat trademark counterfeiting and that the problem will gradually be overcome as the nation continues to develop its economy and enhance its legal system.

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Adler, Anne-Kathrin. "Google AdWords - Infringing or Liberalizing Trade? : A Comparative Analysis of Treatment of Google AdWords under U.S. and EU Trademark Law". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19010.

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Since Google as the world's largest and most popular search engine encourages Internet users to browse their search results, it is naturally functioning as an advertising vehicle and has turned into the most profitable Internet company in world's history. Google's success, however, has been subject to strong criticism as one of the main concerns is linked to Google AdWords, which reveal keyword-triggered advertisements as well as sponsored links besides unsponsored search results. Courts both in Europe and the United States under different trademark legislation felt forced to address the collision of pre-Internet trademark infringement doctrines with modern technology. As Google AdWords have changed the way consumers observe Internet advertisements and search engines, the boundaries of trademark law have continuously been pushed forward. This development, thus, raises the question of whether Google AdWords by now are considered to function as trade liberalizer or trade infringer under two different trademark jurisdictions. What is certain as of now is, that if the current circumstances are to change, courts cannot solely rely on old doctrines to adapt to new situations. Instead, new rules should not be subject to isolated court proceedings by individual instances regarded that jurisdictions of courts are limited by territorial boundaries and Google AdWords have evolved as an element of borderless online sphere. Taking these new challenges into account, this paper argues that addressing trademark issues originated by AdWords will demand an international consideration and coordinated efforts between the EU and the United States to bring forward an international solution.

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Allgurén, Klara. "What liability do freight forwarders have for trademark infringement in forwarded goods? : Focussed specifically on Swedish national rules in multimodal transport". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13937.

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In September 2008, a consignment of pirated batteries, which were marked with Panasonic’s trademark, were retained by Swedish Customs. Panasonic sent a warning letter to the freight forwarding company, Tavatur, demanding it to destroy the batteries through the simplified procedure in (EC) No 1383/2003. However, since Sweden has not implemented the simplified procedure, Tavatur was unable to destroy the batteries without a court order from Sweden. Panasonic therefore sued Tavatur, the legal dispute being what liability freight forwarders have for pirated goods. Due to technical developments within different modes of transport, freight forwarders’ role has changed over the last few decades, from simple duties where the freight forwarder held an intermediary position, to a more independent role in which they now have to be legally classified as either a carrier or an agent. Unfortunately, legal development within multimodal transport has failed to keep pace with the speed of technical development. Bills of Lading, for example, have historically been working as receipts, but due to modern packing techniques, they have lost the normal evidence function they once had. Although there are some international regulations concerning freight forwarding services, they do not extend beyond the countries in which such conditions are used. When a dispute occurs between transport operators, which follow different regulations, the liability of the freight forwarders is unclear. Therefore, freight forwarders are in the need of harmonised legislation, especially concerning their liability for trademark infringements. Nonetheless, there are ways in which freight forwarder can avoid these disputes with right-holders, namely; by protecting themselves with legal cost insurance and via establish their liability through the use of contracts. However, Sweden and other Member States, which have not implemented the simplified procedure, should reconsider an implementation of it.

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Prasad, Ashutosh. "Essays on product-introduction timing, pricing, advertising and piracy in contemporary media /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Kirci, Niyazi Berkay. "Unfair Usage Of Trademarks Via Internet". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610174/index.pdf.

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One of the aims of thesis is to examine and describe current trademark law in Turkey and point out the fact that an excessive trademark protection is being implemented and that this kind of a protection does not automatically bring wealth to Turkey. Main aim of this thesis is to point out the fact that new circumstances of unfair usage of trademarks occured with the introduction of the internet and that important problems between the trademark law, which is of national character, and the internet, which does not have any limits arised in settlement of disputes. Another aim is to point out that, currently, there is no agreed legal text regulating in detail the circumstances of unfair use of mark via Internet both at international and national levels. In this context, basic concepts of current trademark law, birth and development of information and communications technologies and in this respect, the Internet, effect of Internet to current social structure and changes caused therein, national and international steps taken in this context, the question whether unfair usage of trademarks could be examined within current legal framework, problems arising from the differences between Internet and Trademark Law also discussed.

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Figueiredo, Natália de Lima. "Poder da marca: interações entre direito antitruste e direito industrial". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-11042016-134151/.

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O presente trabalho busca analisar os diferentes tratamentos dispensados à marca no âmbito do controle preventivo e no controle repressivo de condutas. A análise da função social das marcas demonstrou que esta é uma propriedade que se realiza na concorrência e pela concorrência. Nesse sentido, não há dúvidas de que está sujeita aos princípios do Direito Concorrencial. Todavia, a maneira como esses princípios balizam a marca no controle de atos de concentração, de um lado, e no controle repressivo de condutas, de outro, difere. No âmbito do controle de atos de concentração, a atuação da autoridade concorrencial é orientada por uma variante do princípio da precaução, o que a autoriza a tomar decisões e impor restrições aos direitos marcários mesmo em um contexto de incerteza. No âmbito do controle repressivo de condutas, todavia, a intervenção do CADE está sujeita aos princípios do Processo Administrativo Sancionador. Neste contexto, as condutas que envolvem o uso de direitos de propriedade intelectual, incluindo as marcas, devem ser analisadas à luz do princípio da estrita legalidade. Um critério jurídico objetivo é necessário para distinguir o lícito do ilícito, sobretudo em um cenário no qual estão em jogo duas políticas públicas distintas: a de proteção à concorrência e a de proteção à direitos de propriedade industrial. Sendo essas duas políticas instrumentais e parciais, voltadas a um fim maior de política econômica, devem harmonizar-se, e não sobrepor-se uma a outra. Ademais, o escopo de atuação da autoridade concorrencial em processos que investiguem o uso abusivo de direitos marcários e atos de concorrência desleal deve ser esclarecido. O direito concorrencial, enquanto ramo autônomo do direito, com princípios e métodos interpretativos próprios, pode analisar institutos e figuras de outros ramos que com ele guardem relação sem ter de ficar adstrito ao posicionamento de outras instâncias.
This work has the purposes of analyzing the different treatments trademarks are subject in the fields of merger control and antitrust infringement proceedings. The analysis of the social function of trademark showed that it is a property that becomes effective in and by means of competition. In this sense, there is no doubt that it is subject to the principles of Antitrust Law. However, the way these principles limits trademark rights in the context of merger control, on one side, and, antitrust infringement proceedings, on the other, varies. In the field of merger control, the antitrust authority is guided by a variant of the precautionary principle, which empowers it to make decisions and impose restrictions to trademark rights even in a context of uncertainty. However, under antitrust infringement proceedings, CADEs intervention is subject to the principles of the Sanctioning Administrative Procedure. As a result, the conducts that involve intellectual property rights, including trademark rights, must be analyzed in view of the principle of strict legality. An objective legal criterion is necessary to distinguish licit from illicit behaviors especially under a scenario where two different public policies are at stake: the one relating to competition defense and the other concerning the protection to intellectual property rights. Since these two policies are instrumental, partial and targeted to a higher objective connected with economic policy, they should be harmonized and not overlap each other. In addition, the scope of the competition authoritys jurisdiction in antitrust infringement proceedings which investigate the abuse of trademark laws and acts of unfair competition should be clarified. Antitrust law, as an independent legal field, which contains its own principles and interpretation methods, can analyze institutes from other legal fields to which it is related without being bound by the positioning of other instances.

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Libros sobre el tema "Trademark infringements"

Trademark infringement remedies. 2^a ed. Arlington, VA: BNA Books, 2012.

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Price, Griffith B., Jr., author, ed. Secondary trademark infringement. Arlington, VA: Bloomberg BNA, 2013.

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Shang biao qin hai yu jiu ji zhi shi wu ji ce lue: Approaches and judicial decisions regarding trademark infringements and remedies. [Taibei Shi]: Jing ji bu zhi hui cai chan ju, 2007.

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Shúilleabháin, Máire Treasa Ní. Intellectual property regulation of parallel importation. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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Cairns, David J. A. The remedies for trademark infringement. Toronto: Carswell, 1988.

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1962-, Mitchell Glenn M. y Wadyka Steven J. 1961-, eds. U.S. trade dress law: Exploring the boundaries. New York, N.Y: International Trademark Association, 1997.

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Rose, Mirko. Das markenrechtliche Benutzungserfordernis: Ein Rechtsvergleich zwischen Deutschland und den USA. Hamburg: Kovač, 2009.

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Agpalo, Ruben E. The law on trademark, infringement, and unfair competition. 2^a ed. Manila, Philippines: Published & distributed by Rex Book Store, 2000.

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Nispen, Constantinus Johan Jozef Clemens van, 1950- y Huydecoper, J. L. R. A, 1945-, eds. European trademark law: Community trademark law and harmonized national trademark law. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2010.

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The psychology behind trademark infringement and counterfeiting. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2006.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Trademark infringements"

Wang, Yanfang. "Cao X v. Yunnan Xiaguan Tuocha Tea (Group) Co., Ltd. (Dispute over Infringement of Trademark Rights)—The Relationship Between the Registered Trademark Protection and the Popularity of Trademarks for the Disputed Infringing Commodities". En Library of Selected Cases from the Chinese Court, 279–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0342-9_28.

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Tong, Shu. "Shenzhen Ellassay Garment Co., Ltd. v. Wang X (Disputes over the Infringement of Trademark Rights)—Malicious Acquisition and Exercise of Trademark Rights are not Protected by Law". En Library of Selected Cases from the Chinese Court, 285–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0342-9_29.

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Du, Weike y Xian Tang. "Michael Jeffrey Jordan v. Trademark Review and Adjudication Board of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China and Qiaodan Sports Products Co., Ltd. [Administrative Dispute over (Graphics) Trademark Infringement]: Requirements for Protecting the Prior Right of Image in Trademark Administrative Cases". En Library of Selected Cases from the Chinese Court, 315–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9136-5_32.

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Fabbio, Philipp. "Italy (‘.it’)". En Domain Name Law And Practice. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663163.003.0024.

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Resumen

Statutory provisions dealing specifically with domain names are found in the Codice della Proprietà Industriale (‘the CPI’),¹ ss 12(1)(c), 22, 118(6), and 133. Sections 12(1)(c) and 22 define the scope of trademark protection. In doing so, they also consider interference with domain names that are used in the course of a business activity (nomi a dominio aziendali). Sections 118(6) and 133 deal with remedies for trademark infringements and make explicit reference to domain names as well. Besides these specific rules, conflicts before the Italian courts based on domain name registrations are to be resolved according to the general rules of trademark, competition, and civil law.

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Wallberg, Knud. "Denmark (‘.dk’)". En Domain Name Law And Practice. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663163.003.0016.

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The provisions of the laws on the exclusive rights in commercial designations and unfair competition law protection of signs can be applied separately or alongside each other without difficulty. Actions based on infringements are frequently based both on unfair competition law rules and on the other provisions under trademark law.

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Zaichkowsky, J. L. "Trademark Infringement in China1". En The Psychology Behind Trademark Infringement and Counterfeiting, 214–48. Psychology Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315820965-8.

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Zaichkowsky, J. L. "Sorting Out the Issues". En The Psychology Behind Trademark Infringement and Counterfeiting, 1–28. Psychology Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315820965-1.

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Zaichkowsky, J. L. "Understanding the Consumer". En The Psychology Behind Trademark Infringement and Counterfeiting, 29–47. Psychology Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315820965-2.

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Zaichkowsky, J. L. "Psychological Principles Underlying Consumer Perceptions of Imitation Brands". En The Psychology Behind Trademark Infringement and Counterfeiting, 48–76. Psychology Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315820965-3.

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Zaichkowsky, J. L. "Cases of Imitation in the Marketplace". En The Psychology Behind Trademark Infringement and Counterfeiting, 77–113. Psychology Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315820965-4.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Trademark infringements"

Si Xue, Xiao y Xie Wei. "ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA BY LEGISLATION OF DAMAGES FOR TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN". En International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Inclusive Education, Management and Legal Services (ISMIEMLS). Volkson Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ismiemls.01.2018.10.12.

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