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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Trials (Treason) in literature"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 5 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Trials (Treason) in literature"

Nurra, Linda. "Crimes of the sign: Politics and performatives in the Treason Trials of 1794". Semiotica 2016, n.º 209 (1 de marzo de 2016): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0016.

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AbstractThis paper explores some key topics in the semiotics of law − and the paradoxes related to legality, legitimacy, and interpretation − through a chapter in the history of British radicalism that unfolds around the Treason Trials of 1794. These trials, I argue, staged a wholesale battle around the very nature of the sign. The peculiarities of British treason law and the prosecution’s “constructive” readings made treason wholly into a crime of the sign, framing all of radical culture as criminal and conspiratorial. I argue this by showing how legal meaning, along with guilt and innocence, was negotiated in relation to (1) context, and particularly the French Revolution; (2) the performativity of signs, and most crucially, their capacity for disrupting the status quo; and (3) the dynamic nature of semiosis, whereby historical process and political change cannot be halted or controlled. In the Treason Trials, these concepts are alternately invoked and denied as frames for viewing “factual” evidence and establishing its meanings along partisan lines. Finally, this paper would like to suggest that the legal narratives produced in 1794 can generate insights into discursive strategies still used today to create “facts” and “truths,” shape popular opinion, and justify government interventions.

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Thorne, Alison. "Women's Petitionary Letters and Early Seventeenth-Century Treason Trials". Women's Writing 13, n.º 1 (marzo de 2006): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699080500436059.

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Cove, Patricia. "Charles Dickens, Traumatic Re-Telling, and the 1794 Treason Trials". Nineteenth-Century Contexts 39, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2017): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2017.1311098.

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Johnson, Nancy E. "Fashioning the Legal Subject: Narratives from the London Treason Trials of 1794". Eighteenth-Century Fiction 21, n.º 3 (marzo de 2009): 413–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ecf.21.3.413.

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Clingman, Stephen. "Writing the South African treason trial". Current Writing 22, n.º 2 (enero de 2010): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1013929x.2010.9678347.

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Bernthal, Craig A. "Treason in the Family: The Trial of Thumpe v. Horner". Shakespeare Quarterly 42, n.º 1 (1991): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2870652.

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Viljoen, H. "What Oom Gert does not tell: Silences and resonances of C. Louis Leipoldt’s ‘Oom Gert vertel’". Literator 20, n.º 3 (26 de abril de 1999): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v20i3.496.

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This paper is an attempt to reconstruct the resonance of “Oom Gert vertel” at the time it was written. The story that Oom Gert tells is reread for its silences and unsaid things. Oom Gert’s reticence about his own story, his silence about the politics of the time and his partial view of the devastating effects of martial law are explored against the backdrop of Leipoldt's reports on the trials of Cape rebels in the treason court for the pro-Boer newspaper The South African News and of other reconstructions of the period. From this reading Oom Gert emerges as representing the complexities of the loyalty of Cape Afrikaners. It is postulated that the unsaid historical background, which would have resonated powerfully for Cape Afrikaners of that time, was written out of the poem so that it could fit better into the circumstances of its first publication. Appropriating the poem for Afrikaner nationalism is a misreading.

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Crowley, Timothy D. "Sidney’s Legal Patronage and the International Protestant Cause". Renaissance Quarterly 71, n.º 4 (2018): 1298–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/700859.

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AbstractThis study brings to light a legal treatise from the mid-1580s on diplomatic and royal immunities and the authority of magistrates. Comparison of extant manuscript copies elucidates the work’s authorship by John Hammond, its commission by Sir Philip Sidney, its legal argument, and its textual transmission to those who orchestrated the treason trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1586. Documentary evidence from 1584 to 1585 aligns Sidney with Elizabeth I’s Scottish policy, not directly with the campaign against Mary Stuart. When Sidney commissioned Hammond’s treatise, this study argues, he aimed primarily to prepare himself for anticipated service as a foreign magistrate.

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Nunez, Domingos y Peter James Harris. "Roger Casement in the twenty-first century: the public and private faces of a multi-media Irish hero". Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 73, n.º 2 (25 de mayo de 2020): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2020v73n2p17.

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Sir Roger Casement (1864-1916) was a diplomat in the British Colonial Service and an Irish nationalist who was hanged for high treason in London in 1916. This article offers a critical overview of the material that has been published about Casement's humanitarian work in the Congo and the Peruvian Amazon and his trial in London, including biographies and editions of his own journals, particularly the so-called Black Diaries, as well as the various dramatisations of this material for the stage and other media, concentrating on those produced in the twenty-first century. The second part of the article consists of the playwright’s account of the writing of As Duas Mortes de Roger Casement, which received its premiere in São Paulo in 2016, commenting on the play’s relationship to its sources and the decisions that were taken in the creative process.

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Smith, Phillip Thurmond. "The Treason Trials, 1794". History: Reviews of New Books 22, n.º 1 (julio de 1993): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1993.9950824.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Trials (Treason) in literature"

Alonso-Sierra, Maria Elena. "Treason and trial : consuetudines and law in the romances of Chrétien de Troyes and the lais of Marie de France". FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1113.

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Treason, in the romances of Chrdtien de Troyes and the lais of Marie de France, is explored more often as afin' amor problem than as a legal issue with its concomitant sociopolitical ramifications. It is precisely the historical function of literature within the ambit of court culture that appears to have shaped the legal context of the poems of Chrdtien de Troyes and the lais of Marie de France. Counterpoising the literary treatment of treason in Le Chevalier au Lion and Lanval with actions and definitions of treachery by contemporary, twelfth-century chronicle and customary law sources reveals that the conceptualized, fictional world of Chrdtien's Yvain closely reflects the workings of the Capetian society Chretien experienced. Marie's Lanval reflects as well the historical impressions of the Angevin court with which she had familiarity, a court whose concept of treason leaned more toward the maiestas concept found in Roman jurisprudence tradition.

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Seemann, Anika. "Law and politics in the Norwegian 'Treason Trials', 1941-1964". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289455.

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This thesis is a political history of the trials of wartime collaborators in Norway after 1945. It offers a first scholarly investigation into the central actors behind these trials, looking at the ways in which Norwegian authorities planned, implemented and interpreted the 'reckoning' with wartime collaborators between 1941 and 1964. In doing so, it evaluates the broader political purposes the trials served, how these changed over time, and the mechanisms that brought about these changes. The analysis distinguishes between 'internal' and 'external' influences on the trials. 'Internal' influences are understood to be both the inherent doctrinal and institutional limitations of the law, as well as the personal and political convictions found within the authorities that governed the trials. 'External' influences meanwhile constitute the broader public attitudes and debates surrounding the trials in politics, the media and civil society. This thesis therefore seeks to deepen our understanding of the trials in two ways. Firstly, it goes beyond existing scholarship by focusing not on questions of 'morality' and 'justice', but instead on competing institutional dynamics and political representations of legitimacy and authority. Secondly, unlike most previous scholarship, it provides an encompassing account of the policy decisions underlying the trials by looking at the full timespan of the Norwegian authorities' administrative engagement with them, from their initial conceptualisation to the handling of their legacy. Thereby, individual decisions and events can be seen in relation to one another, allowing us to understand what purposes the trials served at different stages of their implementation, and how legal and administrative measures related to their political purposes. In response to previous scholarship on the trials, this thesis argues that the driving agent of the trials was not the static agenda of any one institution or group, but that their final shape was the result of the complex interaction of demands for legal consistency with a rapidly changing political and social context, both at the national and the international level.

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Rose, Mischa Jayne. "Malory's Morte Darthur and the idea of treason". Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/malorys-morte-darthur-and-the-idea-of-treason(4293702e-0add-45f6-a0a0-fb5f70e46ab5).html.

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This study argues that treason is understood as a breach of allegiance in medieval popular tradition as well as in legal definitions of the crime in Roman, Anglo-Saxon, military, and medieval French and English law. The scope of treason in Malory's Morte Darthur owes much to the crimes of treason in military, English, and archaic French law. But Malory also reflects extra-legal acts of treason such as adultery. He synthesises from these diverse laws and ideas a reasonably consistent body of pseudo-historical custom, which contributes to his Arthurian society's material plausibility and realism. Malory's treatment of the traitor is greatly indebted to extralegal thought, most notably in that his traitors are evaluated in terms of their motivations and ethical characters as well as their culpability of objective traitorous acts. Malice, mortal sin, unnatural tendencies and repeated treasons characterise the traitor as villain: the traitor as hero is depicted as fundamentally virtuous, non-malicious, and generally commits one treason only with the best of motivations. Treason, however, always involves sin, and in the last three tales Malory begins to acknowledge that treason therefore implies a crime against God as well as society. Infidelity to God in the last two tales is expressed through the coinciding treasons, disloyalties and overvalued worldly loyalties of Malory's characters, and these, regardless of the moral intentions of the perpetrators, bring about the downfall of the Arthurian kingdom. The fall of the nation can be interpreted as a retribution for the characters' sins against God which leads the surviving members to realign their allegiances and embrace heavenly chivalry and the religious life in recognition of and in penance for their previous misdeeds.

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Leitch, Megan Glynnis. "Wars of the Roses literature : romancing treason in England c.1437-1497". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610140.

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Thorburn, Mark Allen. "The Times, Trial, and Execution of David McLane: The Story of an American Spying in Canada for the French in 1796-1797". PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4649.

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The thesis primarily examines the 1797 trial of David McLane in Quebec City for spying, the steps taken by the British authorities to ensure a conviction, and McLane's activities in 1796 and 1797 in Vermont and Lower Canada on behalf of the French Minister to the United States, Pierre Adet. McLane did not receive a fair trial because the colonial administration in Lower Canada so thoroughly manipulated the legal system that a guilty verdict was assured. But, ironically, McLane was a guilty man, having been hired by Adet to find sympathizers who would help instigate a rebellion in the colony; he was also employed to gather military intelligence and to help the French seize Lower Canada. The paper also looks at the attempts of the French between 1793 and 1797 to stir up unrest in the colony and their intentions to spark a rebellion and/or to invade Lower Canada. Furthermore, the work discusses the fear that the colony's English community felt due to their perception of the French threat and to their belief that the local Francophone population might rise en masse in an insurrection. Finally, the thesis examines the steps that the English took in response to those fears. The transcript of the McLane trial was found at the Willamette University College of Law Library and the pre-trial depositions of the prosecution's witnesses were located in the collection of the Oregon Historical Society. Many of the research materials were obtained from the libraries of Portland State University, Lewis and Clark College, Willamette University, Oregon State University, the University of Oregon, the University of New Brunswick, and the University of Western Ontario or were obtained through the interlibrary loan offices at Portland State University and the Salem Public Library. Materials were also obtained directly from Canadian historian F. Murray Greenwood, the editorial office of the Dictionary of Canadian Biography, the National Archives of Canada, the City Archives of Providence, Rhode Island, and Dr. Claire Weidemier McKarns of Encinitas, California. Most of the early Lower Canadian statutes and other information concerning Lower Canadian and British legal history were found at the Oregon Supreme Court Library. Also, most of the biographical information concerning McLane's early years and his family was found at the Genealogical Section of the Oregon State Library and through the family history centers at the Corvallis (Oregon) and the South Salem {Oregon) Stakes of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

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Hopewell, Sally. "Impact of grey literature on systematic reviews of randomized trials". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409796.

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Schramm, Jan-Melissa. "Trials of faith : evidence, testimony and narrative, c1740-1870". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271947.

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Cruywagen, Dennis y Andrew Drysdale. "The Argus: Mandela, the Rivonia Trial, life or death?" The Argus, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76172.

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The Rivonia treason trial started on October 9, 1963, the same day that former Cape Town coloured singer Danny Williams made front page headlines by marrying a white girl in London. Those were the days when apartheid, not as “reformed” as it is today, was rigorously applied by the National Party government. Love, sex and marriage across the colour line were forbidden. Crooner Williams, 31, then riding the crest of the pop wave with his ballad “Moon River”, took his vows with Bobbi Carole, who married him against the wishes of her parents. Williams, fearing persecution, told an interviewer he would not be welcome in South Africa again. But most prominent by far on the front page that day was the Rivonia treason trial. A report from Pretoria — following the style of the times — said: “Eleven men — four whites, one Indian and six Natives — went on trial in the Supreme Court here today before Mr Justice Quartus de Wet (Judge President of the Transvaal) on charges of sabotage and of offences under the Suppression of Communism Act and of contravening the Criminal Law Amendment Act.”
Supplement to The Argus, Wednesday February 7 1990
Exclusive Part 2

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Tatelman, Joel. "The trials of Yasodhara : a critical edition, annotated translation and study of Bhadrakalpavadana II-V". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359973.

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Bruce, Joel C. "The judicial process for suspected adultery in Israel and the ancient Near East". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Libros sobre el tema "Trials (Treason) in literature"

The Aaron Burr treason trial: A headline court case. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 2003.

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Aaron Burr: Conspiracy to treason. New York: Wiley, 2001.

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Ganelon, treason, and the "Chanson de Roland". University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1989.

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Tackach, James. The trial of John Brown, radical abolitionist. San Diego, Calif: Lucent Books, 1998.

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Allegories of the purge: How literature responded to the postwar trials of writers and intellectuals in France. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1998.

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Barrell, John. Imagining the king's death: Figurative treason, fantasies of regicide, 1793-1796. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Imaginary betrayals: Subjectivity and the discourses of treason in early Modern England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002.

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Crépin, Guy. Un moment de la conscience humaine. [Berck-sur-Mer: [Association des Amis du musée, du passé et de la bibliothèque de Berck-sur-Mer et environs], 2003.

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Un moment de la conscience humaine. [Berck-sur-Mer: Association des Amis du musée, du passé et de la bibliothèque de Berck-sur-Mer et environs, 2004.

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Vingt minutes pour la mort: Robert Brasillach, le procès expédié. Monaco: Rocher, 2010.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Trials (Treason) in literature"

Hadfield, Andrew. "Treason and Rebellion". En A Concise Companion to English Renaissance Literature, 180–99. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470696149.ch9.

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Johnson, Nancy E. "Literary Justice: Representing the London Treason Trials of 1794". En Political Trials in an Age of Revolutions, 163–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98959-4_7.

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Fruchtman, Jack. "Hero or Villain? The Treason Trial of Aaron Burr (1807)". En Political Trials in an Age of Revolutions, 297–319. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98959-4_12.

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Murray Greenwood, F. "8. Judges and Treason Law in Lower Canada, England, and the United States during the French Revolution, 1794-1800". En Canadian State Trials Volume I, editado por Frank Murray Greenwood y Barry Wright, 241–95. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487596187-012.

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Allen, Jeff W. "Clinical Trials, Literature Searches, and Telemedicine". En The Internet for Surgeons, 33–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88424-5_7.

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Stewart, Alan. "Instigating Treason: the Life and Death of Henry Cuffe, Secretary". En Literature, Politics and Law in Renaissance England, 50–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597662_3.

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Suppan, Arnold. "Masaryk and the Trials for High Treason against South Slavs in 1909". En T. G. Masaryk (1850–1937), 210–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20596-7_10.

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Cahill, Barry. "2. The 'Hoffman Rebellion' (1753) and Hoffman's Trial (1754): Constructive High Treason and Seditious Conspiracy in Nova Scotia under the Stratocracy". En Canadian State Trials Volume I, editado por Frank Murray Greenwood y Barry Wright, 72–97. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487596187-006.

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Wittes, Janet. "Reading and Interpreting the Literature on Randomized Controlled Trials". En Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52677-5_195-1.

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Robbins, Jeremy. "The Twists and Turns of Life: Cervantes’s Trials of Persiles and Sigismunda". En Digressions in European Literature, 9–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230292529_2.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Trials (Treason) in literature"

Wang, Miaomiao y Shunqing Cao. "Analysis of Creative Treason in Pa Chin’s Cold Nights from the Perspective of Variation Study of Comparative Literature". En 2nd Annual International Conference on Language, Literature and Linguistics (L3 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l313.113.

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Hanson, Beate y Diarmuid De Faoite. "Multicultural Challenges in Conducting Multicenter Trials A view from the literature and real-life experience reports". En Annual Global Healthcare Conference. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3833_ghc14.14.

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Wallace, Byron C. "What Does the Evidence Say? Models to Help Make Sense of the Biomedical Literature". En Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/899.

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Ideally decisions regarding medical treatments would be informed by the totality of the available evidence. The best evidence we currently have is in published natural language articles describing the conduct and results of clinical trials. Because these are unstructured, it is difficult for domain experts (e.g., physicians) to sort through and appraise the evidence pertaining to a given clinical question. Natural language technologies have the potential to improve access to the evidence via semi-automated processing of the biomedical literature. In this brief paper I highlight work on developing tasks, corpora, and models to support semi-automated evidence retrieval and extraction. The aim is to design models that can consume articles describing clinical trials and automatically extract from these key clinical variables and findings, and estimate their reliability. Completely automating `machine reading' of evidence remains a distant aim given current technologies; the more immediate hope is to use such technologies to help domain experts access and make sense of unstructured biomedical evidence more efficiently, with the ultimate aim of improving patient care. Aside from their practical importance, these tasks pose core NLP challenges that directly motivate methodological innovation.

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Guy, Holly, Karin Travers, Carol Hawkes, Lydia Walder, Izabela Malinowska y Divya Gupta. "373 Systematic literature review of efficacy and safety of first-line maintenance therapy trials in advanced ovarian cancer". En ESGO SoA 2020 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-esgo.127.

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Moots, R., C. Curiale, D. Petersel, C. Rolland, H. Jones, E. Singh y E. Mysler. "AB0379 Efficacy outcomes for originator tnf inhibitors and biosimilars in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis trials: a systematic literature review". En Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.1851.

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Sari, Dewi Indra y Mardiati Nadjib. "The Role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Prophylaxis of Covid-19: A Literature Review". En The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.33.

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ABSTRACT Background: A pandemic potential Covid-19 spread rapidly worldwide. Ministry of Health, Republic Indonesia recommended one of the Covid-19 treatments with combination of hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine and azithromycin. However, the effectiveness and safety of antimalaria regime remain debating topic. This study aimed to investigate the role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in prophylaxis of Covid-19. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from PubMed, SpringerLink, and Cochrane Library databases. The keywords were “prophylaxis”, “chloroquine” OR “hydroxychloroquine” “SARS-CoV-2” OR “Covid-19”. The inclusion criteria were phase IIb clinical trials, double masking, comparative observational studies, open access articles published until August 2020. The exclusion criteria were inaccessible and duplicate articles. The quality of selected articles was critically appraised. The data were reported by PRISMA flow chart. Results: Three articles out of 117 articles met the criteria inclusion. The findings showed that hydroxychloroquine could not prevent Covid-19 compatible disease or confirmed infections when used as post-exposure prophylaxis. High dose chloroquine was not recommended for critically ill COVID-19 patients because of its potential side effects, especially when administered with azithromycin and oseltamivir. Covid-19 patients with the need for oxygenation were not suggested to use hydroxychloroquine. Conclusion: There is scarce evidence to support prophylaxis and treatment effects of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients. Further research on the safety and use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is required in the management of Covid-19. Keywords: prophylaxis, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19 Correspondence: Dewi Indra Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: dindrasang@yahoo.com. Mobile: +628121983-6600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.33

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Würstlein, Rachel, Maximilian Bardenhewer, Alexander König, Thomas Kolben, Caroline Gehring y Nadia Harbeck. "Abstract P3-13-07: Does treatment response to new agents differ between visceral and non-visceral metastatic breast cancer: A systematic literature review of registration trials". En Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 9-13, 2014; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p3-13-07.

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Birch, Jack, Rebecca Jones, Julia Mueller, Matthew McDonald, Rebecca Richards, Michael Kelly, Simon Griffin y Amy Ahern. "A systematic review of inequalities in the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions". En Building Bridges in Medical Science 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.03.001.1.

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Background: It has been suggested that interventions focusing on individual behaviour change, such as behavioural weight management interventions, may exacerbate health inequalities. These intervention-generated inequalities may occur at different stages, including intervention uptake, adherence and effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise evidence on how different measures of inequality moderate the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions in adults. Methods: We updated a previous systematic literature review from the US Preventive Services Taskforce to identify trials of behavioural weight management interventions in adults that could be conducted in or recruited from primary care. Medline, Cochrane database (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO were searched. Only randomised controlled trials and cluster-randomised controlled trials were included. Two investigators independently screened articles for eligibility and conducted risk of bias assessment. We curated publication families for eligible trials. The PROGRESS-Plus acronym (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital, plus other discriminating factors) was used to consider a comprehensive range of health inequalities. Data on trial uptake, intervention adherence, weight change, and PROGRESS-Plus related-data were extracted. Results: Data extraction in currently underway. A total of 108 studies are included in the review. Data will be synthesised narratively and through the use of Harvest Plots. A Harvest plot for each PROGRESS-Plus criterion will be presented, showing whether each trial found a negative, positive or no health inequality gradient. We will also identify potential sources of unpublished original research data on these factors which can be synthesised through a future individual participant data meta- analysis. Conclusions and implications: The review findings will contribute towards the consideration of intervention-generated inequalities by researchers, policy makers and healthcare and public health practitioners. Authors of trials included in the completed systematic review may be invited to collaborate on a future IPD meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173242

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Bodner, Jeff y Vikas Kaul. "A Framework for In Silico Clinical Trials for Medical Devices Using Concepts From Model Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification (VVUQ)". En ASME 2021 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2021-65094.

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Abstract The rising costs of clinical trials for medical devices in recent years has led to an increased interest in so-called in silico clinical trials, where simulation results are used to supplement or to replace those obtained from human patients. Here we present a framework for executing such a trial. This framework relies heavily on ideas already developed for model verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification. The framework uses results from an initial cohort of human patients as model validation data, recognizing that the best model credibility evidence usually comes from real patients. The validation exercise leads to an assessment of the model’s suitability based on pre-defined acceptance criteria. If the model meets these criteria, then no additional human patients are required and the study endpoints that can be addressed using the model are met using the simulation results. Conversely, if the model is found to be inadequate, it is abandoned, and the clinical study continues using only human patients in a second cohort. Compared to other frameworks described in the literature based on Bayesian methods, this approach follows a strict model build-validate-predict structure. It can handle epistemic uncertainties in the model inputs, which is a common trait of models of biomedical systems. Another idea discussed here is that the outputs of engineering models rarely coincide with measures that are the basis for clinical endpoints. This manuscript discusses how the link between the model and clinical measure can be established during the trial.

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Molnar, Csenge A. y Tamas Insperger. "Estimation of Reaction Time During Human Balancing on Rolling Balance Board Based on Mechanical Models". En ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22407.

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Abstract Human balancing on rolling balance board in the sagittal plane is analyzed such that the geometry of the balance board can be adjusted: the radius R of the wheels and the elevation h between the top of the wheels and the board can be changed. These two parameters have a significant influence on the stability of standing on the board as shown by preliminary experiments. The human body was modeled by a single inverted pendulum, while the balance board was considered by the geometry of the mechanical model. Based on literature, it was assumed that the central nervous system (CNS) controls by signals proportional to the angle and angular velocity of the human body and the balance board and is able to tune the feedback gains with 40% accuracy during the balancing process. To take the reaction time into consideration, operation of the CNS was modeled as a delayed proportional-derivative feedback. The critical time delay for the stabilization process is defined such that if the delay is larger than the critical one then no control gains could stabilize the system. Four balance board configurations were chosen with different wheel radius and the corresponding critical time delays were computed based on the mechanical model. Eight young healthy individuals participated in the experiments. Their task was to perform 60 s long balancing trials on each balance board. The reaction time of the participants was estimated by comparing the numerical results obtained for the critical time delay and their successful and unsuccessful balancing trials. The reaction times were found to be in the range of 0.10–0.15 s which are in good agreement with the literature.

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Informes sobre el tema "Trials (Treason) in literature"

Haider, Huma. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation in the Western Balkans: Approaches, Impacts and Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), enero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.033.

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Countries in the Western Balkans have engaged in various transitional justice and reconciliation initiatives to address the legacy of the wars of the 1990s and the deep political and societal divisions that persist. There is growing consensus among scholars and practitioners that in order to foster meaningful change, transitional justice must extend beyond trials (the dominant international mechanism in the region) and be more firmly anchored in affected communities with alternative sites, safe spaces, and modes of engagement. This rapid literature review presents a sample of initiatives, spanning a range of sectors and fields – truth-telling, art and culture, memorialisation, dialogue and education – that have achieved a level of success in contributing to processes of reconciliation, most frequently at the community level. It draws primarily from recent studies, published in the past five years. Much of the literature available centres on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with some examples also drawn from Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia.

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Halker Singh, Rashmi B., Juliana H. VanderPluym, Allison S. Morrow, Meritxell Urtecho, Tarek Nayfeh, Victor D. Torres Roldan, Magdoleen H. Farah et al. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer239.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the acute treatment of episodic migraine in adults. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO®, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to July 24, 2020. Comparative effectiveness evidence about triptans and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was extracted from existing systematic reviews. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies that enrolled adults who received an intervention to acutely treat episodic migraine. Pairs of independent reviewers selected and appraised studies. Results. Data on triptans were derived from 186 RCTs summarized in nine systematic reviews (101,276 patients; most studied was sumatriptan, followed by zolmitriptan, eletriptan, naratriptan, almotriptan, rizatriptan, and frovatriptan). Compared with placebo, triptans resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (high strength of the body of evidence [SOE]). Data on NSAIDs were derived from five systematic reviews (13,214 patients; most studied was ibuprofen, followed by diclofenac and ketorolac). Compared with placebo, NSAIDs probably resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (moderate SOE). For other interventions, we included 135 RCTs and 6 comparative observational studies (37,653 patients). Compared with placebo, antiemetics (low SOE), dihydroergotamine (moderate to high SOE), ergotamine plus caffeine (moderate SOE), and acetaminophen (moderate SOE) reduced acute pain. Opioids were evaluated in 15 studies (2,208 patients).Butorphanol, meperidine, morphine, hydromorphone, and tramadol in combination with acetaminophen may reduce pain at 2 hours and 1 day, compared with placebo (low SOE). Some opioids may be less effective than some antiemetics or dexamethasone (low SOE). No studies evaluated instruments for predicting risk of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, or overdose, or evaluated risk mitigation strategies to be used when prescribing opioids for the acute treatment of episodic migraine. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists improved headache relief at 2 hours and increased the likelihood of being headache-free at 2 hours, at 1 day, and at 1 week (low to high SOE). Lasmiditan (the first approved 5-HT1F receptor agonist) restored function at 2 hours and resolved pain at 2 hours, 1 day, and 1 week (moderate to high SOE). Sparse and low SOE suggested possible effectiveness of dexamethasone, dipyrone, magnesium sulfate, and octreotide. Compared with placebo, several nonpharmacologic treatments may improve various measures of pain, including remote electrical neuromodulation (moderate SOE), magnetic stimulation (low SOE), acupuncture (low SOE), chamomile oil (low SOE), external trigeminal nerve stimulation (low SOE), and eye movement desensitization re-processing (low SOE). However, these interventions, including the noninvasive neuromodulation devices, have been evaluated only by single or very few trials. Conclusions. A number of acute treatments for episodic migraine exist with varying degrees of evidence for effectiveness and harms. Use of triptans, NSAIDs, antiemetics, dihydroergotamine, CGRP antagonists, and lasmiditan is associated with improved pain and function. The evidence base for many other interventions for acute treatment, including opioids, remains limited.

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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, Christine Chen, Olamigoke Akinniranye, Owen Hall, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Sydne Newberry y Susanne Hempel. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.

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Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.

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Harris, Gregory, Brooke Hatchell, Davelin Woodard y Dwayne Accardo. Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0010.

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Background/Purpose: Post-operative delirium leads to significant morbidity in elderly patients, yet there is no regimen to prevent POD. Opioid use in the elderly surgical population is of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. The purpose of this scoping review is to recognize that Dexmedetomidine mitigates cognitive dysfunction secondary to acute pain and the use of narcotic analgesia by decreasing the amount of norepinephrine (an excitatory neurotransmitter) released during times of stress. This mechanism of action also provides analgesia through decreased perception and modulation of pain. Methods: The authors developed eligibility criteria for inclusion of articles and performed a systematic search of several databases. Each of the authors initially selected five articles for inclusion in the scoping review. We created annotated literature tables for easy screening by co-authors. After reviewing the annotated literature table four articles were excluded, leaving 11 articles for inclusion in the scoping review. There were six level I meta-analysis/systematic reviews, four level II randomized clinical trials, and one level IV qualitative research article. Next, we created a data-charting form on Microsoft Word for extraction of data items and synthesis of results. Results: Two of the studies found no significant difference in POD between dexmedetomidine groups and control groups. The nine remaining studies noted decreases in the rate, duration, and risk of POD in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Multiple studies found secondary benefits in addition to decreased POD, such as a reduction of tachycardia, hypertension, stroke, hypoxemia, and narcotic use. One study, however, found that the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were increased among the elderly population. Implications for Nursing Practice: Surgery is a tremendous stressor in any age group, but especially the elderly population. It has been shown postoperative delirium occurs in 17-61% of major surgery procedures with 30-40% of the cases assumed to be preventable. Opioid administration in the elderly surgical population is one of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. With anesthesia practice already leaning towards opioid-free and opioid-limited anesthetic, the incorporation of dexmedetomidine could prove to be a valuable resource in both reducing opioid use and POD in the elderly surgical population. Although more research is needed, the current evidence is promising.

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