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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Tropical rainforest"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de junio de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Tropical rainforest"

Lin, Meizhi, Qingping Ling, Huiqing Pei, Yanni Song, Zixuan Qiu, Cai Wang, Tiedong Liu, and Wenfeng Gong. "Remote Sensing of Tropical Rainforest Biomass Changes in Hainan Island, China from 2003 to 2018." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091696.

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The largest area of tropical rainforests in China is on Hainan Island, and it is an important part of the world’s tropical rainforests. The structure of the tropical rainforests in Hainan is complex, the biomass density is high, and conducting ground surveys is difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Remote sensing is a good monitoring method for biomass estimation. However, the saturation phenomenon of such data from different satellite sensors results in low forest biomass estimation accuracy in tropical rainforests with high biomass density. Based on environmental information, the biomass of permanent sample plots, and forest age, this study established a tropical rainforest database for Hainan. Forest age and 14 types of environmental information, combined with an enhanced vegetation index (EVI), were introduced to establish a tropical rainforest biomass estimation model for remote sensing that can overcome the saturation phenomenon present when using remote sensing data. The fitting determination coefficient R2 of the model was 0.694. The remote sensing estimate of relative bias was 2.29%, and the relative root mean square error was 35.41%. The tropical rainforest biomass in Hainan Island is mainly distributed in the central mountainous and southern areas. The tropical rainforests in the northern and coastal areas have been severely damaged by tourism and real estate development. Particularly in low-altitude areas, large areas of tropical rainforest have been replaced by economic forests. Furthermore, the tropical rainforest areas in some cities and counties have decreased, affecting the increase in tropical rainforest biomass. On Hainan Island, there were few tropical rainforests in areas with high rainfall. Therefore, afforestation in these areas could maximize the ecological benefits of tropical rainforests. To further strengthen the protection, there is an urgent need to establish a feasible, reliable, and effective tropical rainforest loss assessment system using quantitative scientific methodologies.

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Pang, Tong, Langxing Yuan, Yaqing Wei, Xin Wang, Ning Zhang, Kepeng Ji, Yuwu Li, and Guoyu Lan. "Why Is the Diversity of Tree Species in China’s Lowland Rainforests Higher than That in Montane Rainforests of China?" Plants 14, no. 4 (February 7, 2025): 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040505.

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Despite extensive research on tree species diversity in tropical rainforests, the differences in diversity between lowland and montane rainforests, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. This study utilizes tree inventory data from two dynamic monitoring sample plots, each with an area of 1 hm2, established in the lowland rainforest and montane rainforest regions of Diaoluo Mountain, Hainan Island. We analyzed the composition, diversity, spatial distribution patterns, and interspecific relationships within the tree communities. In total, 154 tree species with DBH > 3 cm were recorded in lowland rainforests, and 119 were recorded in montane rainforests, with lowland rainforests harboring 51 rare species compared to 40 rare species in montane rainforests. The distribution pattern of small trees (with DBH ≤ 7.5 cm) exhibited clustering at a small scale but random distribution at a larger scale. This phenomenon was more prevalent in tropical lowland rainforests, indicating that the negative density dependence effect is more pronounced in lowland rainforests compared to montane rainforests. Moreover, a higher proportion of negative associations and lower niche overlaps were observed in the lowland rainforest compared to the montane rainforest, suggesting that niche differentiation among tree species is more pronounced in the lowland rainforest. In conclusion, the more intense negative density dependence effect and niche differentiation are the primary factors contributing to the higher tree species diversity observed in lowland rainforests.

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Ling, Qingping, Yingtan Chen, Zhongke Feng, Huiqing Pei, Cai Wang, Zhaode Yin, and Zixuan Qiu. "Monitoring Canopy Height in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest Using Machine Learning and Multi-Modal Data Fusion." Remote Sensing 17, no. 6 (March 9, 2025): 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17060966.

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Biomass carbon sequestration and sink capacities of tropical rainforests are vital for addressing climate change. However, canopy height must be accurately estimated to determine carbon sink potential and implement effective forest management. Four advanced machine-learning algorithms—random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree, convolutional neural network, and backpropagation neural network—were compared in terms of forest canopy height in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. A total of 140 field survey plots and 315 unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry plots, along with multi-modal remote sensing datasets (including GEDI and ICESat-2 satellite-carried LiDAR data, Landsat images, and environmental information) were used to validate forest canopy height from 2003 to 2023. The results showed that RH80 was the optimal choice for the prediction model regarding percentile selection, and the RF algorithm exhibited the optimal performance in terms of accuracy and stability, with R2 values of 0.71 and 0.60 for the training and testing sets, respectively, and a relative root mean square error of 21.36%. The RH80 percentile model using the RF algorithm was employed to estimate the forest canopy height distribution in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park from 2003 to 2023, and the canopy heights of five forest types (tropical lowland rainforests, tropical montane cloud forests, tropical seasonal rainforests, tropical montane rainforests, and tropical coniferous forests) were calculated. The study found that from 2003 to 2023, the canopy height in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park showed an overall increasing trend, ranging from 2.95 to 22.02 m. The tropical montane cloud forest had the highest average canopy height, while the tropical seasonal forest exhibited the fastest growth. The findings provide valuable insights for a deeper understanding of the growth dynamics of tropical rainforests.

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Álvarez-Lopeztello, Jonás, Rafael F. Del Castillo, Celerino Robles, and Laura V. Hernández-Cuevas. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth of pioneer tree species of tropical forests on savanna and tropical rainforest soils under nursery conditions." Scientia Fungorum 51 (April 20, 2021): e1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.33885/sf.2021.51.1296.

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Background: Tropical rainforests and savannas are often spatially distributed at close distances. The combined effects of soil type and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) might contribute to explain the preference of tropical rainforest tree species for forest areas over those of savannas. However, few studies have examined such effects on pioneer tropical tree species. Objective: Evaluate the effects of soil type and inoculation with an AMF consortium on the growth of seedlings of pioneer tree species of tropical rainforest. Methods: A factorial 2 x 2 experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of soil type (rainforest or savanna) and native AMF consortium on growth (height and stem diameter) of four native pioneer tree seedling species under tree nursery conditions. Results and conclusions: The highest growth was detected on rainforest soils inoculated with AMF. Uninoculated plants growing on savanna soils rendered the lowest performance. AMF inoculation could be a valuable procedure in ecological restoration projects of tropical forests.

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Wu, Tingtian, Zongzhu Chen, Yiqing Chen, Yukai Chen, Jinrui Lei, Xiaohua Chen, Yuanling Li, and Xiaoyan Pan. "Biomass Characteristics of Tropical Montane Rain Forest in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest." Land 14, no. 3 (March 13, 2025): 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14030608.

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Forest biomass, as a carrier of carbon, is an important indicator for judging forest productivity, stability and sustainable development capacity. Using the survey data of sample plots in eight forest areas in central Hainan, the biomass distribution of tropical mountain rainforests in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest in different community sizes, diameter classes, altitudes and spaces was measured to explore the relationship between forest biomass and environmental factors. The results show that (1) the total area of tropical montane rainforests in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest was about 983.70 km2, distributed within an altitude range of 700–1300 m; the total aboveground biomass was about 25.208 million tons, which decreased first and then increased with increasing altitude, with an average aboveground biomass per unit area of 236.00 t·hm−2; (2) the primary forest accounted for 83.23% of the total aboveground biomass of the tropical mountain rainforest with only 29.84% of the total area, and the aboveground biomass per unit area was generally higher than that of the secondary forest; and (3) medium- and large-diameter trees were the main carriers of aboveground biomass in tropical mountain rain forests. More than 83.73% of the aboveground biomass was concentrated in large-diameter trees. The results of this study provide a reference for others aiming to perform measurement and evaluation of the carbon sink and the capacity for carbon neutrality in tropical rainforest ecosystems or to maintain regional biodiversity.

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Liu, Zhihao, Hong Li, Fangtao Wu, Hui Wang, Huai Chen, Qiuan Zhu, Gang Yang, et al. "Quantification of Ecosystem-Scale Methane Sinks Observed in a Tropical Rainforest in Hainan, China." Land 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020154.

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Tropical rainforest ecosystems are important when considering the global methane (CH4) budget and in climate change mitigation. However, there is a lack of direct and year-round observations of ecosystem-scale CH4 fluxes from tropical rainforest ecosystems. In this study, we examined the temporal variations in CH4 flux at the ecosystem scale and its annual budget and environmental controlling factors in a tropical rainforest of Hainan Island, China, using 3 years of continuous eddy covariance measurements from 2016 to 2018. Our results show that CH4 uptake generally occurred in this tropical rainforest, where strong CH4 uptake occurred in the daytime, and a weak CH4 uptake occurred at night with a mean daily CH4 flux of −4.5 nmol m−2 s−1. In this rainforest, the mean annual budget of CH4 for the 3 years was −1260 mg CH4 m−2 year−1. Furthermore, the daily averaged CH4 flux was not distinctly different between the dry season and wet season. Sixty-nine percent of the total variance in the daily CH4 flux could be explained by the artificial neural network (ANN) model, with a combination of air temperature (Tair), latent heat flux (LE), soil volumetric water content (VWC), atmospheric pressure (Pa), and soil temperature at −10 cm (Tsoil), although the linear correlation between the daily CH4 flux and any of these individual variables was relatively low. This indicates that CH4 uptake in tropical rainforests is controlled by multiple environmental factors and that their relationships are nonlinear. Our findings also suggest that tropical rainforests in China acted as a CH4 sink during 2016–2018, helping to counteract global warming.

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Yang, Jianbo, Youxin Ma, Yang Bai, and Hui Cao. "Temporal variation of tree diversity of main forest vegetation in Xishuangbanna." Sustainable Forestry 4, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i1.1602.

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In order to evaluate the temporal changes in tree diversity of forest vegetation in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, the study collected tree diversity data from four main forest vegetation in the region through a quadrat survey including tropical rainforest (TRF), tropical coniferous forest (COF), tropical lower mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest (TEBF), tropical seasonal moist forest (TSMF). We extracted the distribution of four forest vegetation in the region in four periods of 1992, 2000, 2009, and 2016 in combination with remote sensing images, using simp son Shannon Wiener and scaling species diversity indexes compare to the differences of tree evenness of four forest vegetation and use the scaling ecological diversity index and grey correlation evaluation model to evaluate the temporal changes of forest tree diversity in the region in four periods. The results show that: (1) The proportion of forest area has a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, which is shown by the reduction from 65.5% in 1992 to 53.42% in 2000, to 52.49% in 2009, and then to 54.73% in 2016. However, the tropical rainforest shows a continuous decreasing trend. (2) There are obvious differences in the contributions of the four kinds of forest vegetation to tree diversity. The order of evenness is tropical rainforest > tropical mountain (low mountain) evergreen broad-leaved forest > warm coniferous forest > tropical seasonal humid forest, and the order of richness is tropical rainforest > tropical mountain (low mountain) evergreen broad-leaved forest > tropical seasonal humid forest > warm coniferous forest, The order of contribution to tree diversity in tropical rainforest > tropical mountain (low mountain) evergreen broad-leaved forest > tropical seasonal humid forest > warm tropical coniferous forest. (3) The tree diversity of tropical rainforests and tropical seasonal humid forests showed a continuous decreasing trend. The tree diversity of forest vegetation in Xishuangbanna in four periods was 1992 > 2009 > 2016 > 2000. The above results show that economic activities are an important factor affecting the biodivesity of Xishuangbanna, and the protection of tropical rainforest is of great significance to maintain the biodiversity of the region.

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Streiff, Serafin J. R., Roy H. J. Erkens, and Thomas L. P. Couvreur. "The Evolutionary Legacy of Al Gentry: Uniting Patterns and Processes of Neotropical Rainforest Evolution." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 110 (June 3, 2025): 200–216. https://doi.org/10.3417/2025944.

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Alwyn Gentry had unique insights into the diversity of Neotropical rainforests. He observed plant diversity with incredible detail and used the data he and colleagues collected to answer questions on the distribution, ecology, and evolutionary origins of tropical rainforest diversity. Leaning on patterns of species distributions accumulated from intense fieldwork, Gentry discussed numerous ideas and proposed important hypotheses on the evolution of Neotropical rainforests. However, he never advanced these evolutionary ideas in a unified and consistent framework across all scales he treated. For instance, comparing intercontinental differences in rainforest taxa, he suggested Neotropical forests to be “uniquely and phenomenally enriched” compared to other rainforests. This he attributed, among other factors, to increased speciation especially in Andean-centered taxa, linked both directly and indirectly to the uplift of the northern Andes. Even at the smallest scales, he put forward specific hypotheses on the processes of speciation in the Neotropics, ranging from specialization to edaphic conditions in Amazonia to founder-effect–mediated speciation in the Andes. The ensemble of hypotheses and ideas proposed by Gentry on tropical and Neotropical plant evolution, his evolutionary legacy, remains relevant even today. Despite this, many of his contributions may not have received the attention they rightly deserve. Overall, those hypotheses put forward by Gentry that have been tested are well supported, in particular the ones concerning regional and intercontinental scale processes. However, many of his smaller-scale hypotheses have not been tested to our knowledge, or remain inconclusive, highlighting significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of tropical rainforest diversity and evolution. Furthermore, his work and thinking, 30 years on, emphasize significant biases in our current understanding, that being concentrated on large woody plants and specific taxa. Contrary to this, Gentry’s perspective is refreshingly encompassing, not being limited to specific taxa or growth forms. To consolidate and underline his important contributions to tropical plant evolution, we summarize and assemble Al Gentry’s evolutionary ideas and hypotheses here. Leveraging his comprehensive view of tropical rainforest diversity, his ideas provide succinct starting points for future research across disciplines on the ecology and evolution of tropical rainforests.

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M. J. S. Bowman, D., and J. C. Z. Woinarski. "Biogeography of Australian monsoon rainforest mammals: implications for the conservation of rainforest mammals." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 2 (1994): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940098.

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Monsoon rainforests form an archipelago of small habitat fragments throughout the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia. According to the definition of Winter (1988) the current monsoon rainforest mammal assemblage contains only one rainforest specialist mammal species (restricted to Cape York Peninsula), and is dominated by eutherian habitat generalists (murids and bats) that mostly occur in surrounding savannah habitats. The mammal assemblages in monsoon rainforests across northern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Northern Territory and the Kimberley) are essentially regional subsets of the local savannah and mangrove mammal assemblages, and consequently share only a limited number of species in common (most of which are bats). The lack of rainforest specialists in northwestern Australia is thought to be due to: (i) the lack of large tracts (> 1 000 ha) of monsoon rainforest habitat; (ii) the possible substantial contraction of these habitats in the past; and (iii) the limited extent of gallery rainforests, such rainforests being important habitats for rainforest mammals in South American savannahs. Unfortunately it is not possible to identify the threshold of habitat area required to maintain populations of monsoon rainforest specialist mammal species because of an impoverished fossil record pertaining to the past spatial distribution of monsoon rainforests. The implications of the lack of a specialist mammal fauna in Australian monsoon rainforests for the future of heavily fragmented tropical rainforests elsewhere in the world is briefly discussed. It is concluded that the analogy of habitat fragments to true islands is weak, that rainforest plant species are less vulnerable to local extinction than mammals, that the loss of mammal rainforest specialists may not result in a dramatic loss of plant species, and that corridors of rainforest may be critical for maintenance of rainforest mammal assemblages in areas currently subject to forest clearance.

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Maulana, Syaidina. "Conservation and Exploration of the Potential of Rare Medicinal Plants in the Tropical Rainforest of Bukit Barisan, Sumatra, Indonesia: An Effort Towards Sustainable Herbal Medicine." Eureka Herba Indonesia 5, no. 2 (March 8, 2024): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/ehi.v5i2.119.

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The Bukit Barisan tropical rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia, is one of the most biodiverse areas in the world. It is estimated that there are more than 10,000 plant species in this forest, and many of them have potential as herbal medicines. However, deforestation and overexploitation threaten the preservation of medicinal plants in the Bukit Barisan tropical rainforest. This causes loss of valuable natural resources and hinders research and development of new herbal medicines. This research was conducted in several tropical rainforests in Bukit Barisan, Sumatra. Field surveys were conducted to document rare medicinal plant species. Plant samples were collected and analyzed for their phytochemical content. Bioassay tests were carried out to evaluate antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Strategies for conservation and sustainable exploration of rare medicinal plants are developed based on research results. Field surveys found 27 species of rare medicinal plants. Phytochemical analysis shows that this plant contains various bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Bioassay tests show that this plant has significant antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, the Bukit Barisan tropical rainforest has great potential for the development of herbal medicine. Sustainable conservation and exploration of rare medicinal plants in the Bukit Barisan tropical rainforest is important to ensure the preservation of these valuable natural resources and to improve community health.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Tropical rainforest"

Prescott, T. A. K. "Antimicrobial compounds from tropical rainforest plants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.660747.

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Ethnobotanical fieldwork was carried out in New Guinea. An antibacterial field assay kit was developed using freeze-dried strains of S. epidermidis and E. coli which allowed plants used in traditional medicines to be screened in situ without having to take them back to a laboratory. This approach identified Lunasia amara (Blanco) as a candidate species; the use of its bark by tribes of the Whitman Range to treat tropical ulcers, supported by clear zones of inhibition with S. aureus. Samples of the bark were collected for analysis and through activity-guided fractionation, the anti- S. aureus activity of the bark extract was pinned down to a single well resolved HPLC peak (MIC S. aureus NCTC 6571 64μg/ml) which subsequent NMR analysis revealed to be the quinoline alkaloid lunacridine; 2’-O-trifluoroacetyl lunacridine was found to be a more stable derivative however. Lunacridine’s planar cationic structure suggested it might act as a DNA intercalator; 220μM giving 50% binding in an ethidium bromide displacement assay. This in turn suggested DNA topoisomerase II as a likely target for the compound which was confirmed with a kDNA decatenation assay revealing complete inhibition of the enzyme at 5μM. Cell viability assays with MRC-5, H226 and HELA cells showed the compound to be cytotoxic in a time dependent manner producing non-linear dose response curves indicative of a topoisomerase poison mode of action. Activation of the apoptosis pathway enzymes caspase 3/7 was also detected, reaching maximal activity between 24 and 48 hours for the H226 cell line. Thus, lunacridine does not represent a selective antibiotic but with the right structural modifications could be developed as an antineoplastic agent.

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Healey, John Robert. "Regeneration in a Jamaican montane tropical rainforest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335160.

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Thomas, Raquel Simone. "Productivity and resource availability in lowland tropical rainforest in Guyana." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404769.

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Gilman, Alex Caroline. "Biodiversity patterns in tropical montane rainforest flora of Costa Rica." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1472126481&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Nik, Abdul Rahim H. "The effects of selective logging methods on hydrological parameters in Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effects-of-selective-logging-methods-on-hydrological-parameters-in-peninsular-malaysia(9ed5e3d1-33ab-4cb1-91b0-7c043891921f).html.

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An experimental forest watershed, consisting of three small catchments at Berembun, Negeri Sembilan, in Peninsular Malaysia has been monitored from 1979 to 1987. Adequate instruments were installed for continuous collection of hydrologic and climatic data. The calibration and post-treatment phases lasted for three and four years respectively. Two types of treatments were imposed -namely commercial selective logging and supervised selective logging in catchment 1 and catchment 3 whilst catchment 2 remained as a control. Pertinent logging guidelines were prescribed and assessed in C3 in terms of hydrological responses. Significant water yield increases were observed after forest treatment in both catchments amounting to 165 mm (70%) and 87 mm (37%) respectively in the first year; increases persisted to the fourth year after treatment. Magnitude and rate of water yield increase primarily depended on the amount of forest removed and the prevailing rainfall regime and the increase was largely associated with baseflow augmentation. Interestingly, both types of selective loggings produced no significant effect on peak discharge while the commercial logging resulted in a significant increase in stormflow volume and initial discharge. Such responses can be explained by the extensive nature of selective logging which normally left a substantial area of forest intact and minimal disturbance to flow channels. Thus, conservation measures introduced in this study - the use of buffer strips, cross drains, an appropriate percentage for the forest road network,- were found to be effective and beneficial in ameliorating the hydrological impacts.

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Paul, Miriam. "Restoring Rainforest – the Capacities of Three Different Reforestation Pathways to Re-establish Ecosystem Properties." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366066.

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The broad scale destruction of tropical and subtropical rainforests has been one of the largest land-cover conversions taking place on earth, with a wide range of deleterious consequences at local, landscape, and global scales. While the resulting loss of biodiversity and habitat for rainforest-dependent fauna and flora has been well-studied as a major effect, clearing of rainforests also significantly influences soil processes such as biochemical cycles and microbial functions. More recently, there has been a growing public interest in reforestation activities. There are a range of different pathways by which rainforest cover can be restored to cleared land, including autogenic, or „natural‟, regrowth, management of this autogenic regrowth, and tree planting for ecological restoration. However, little is known about the recovery processes of ecosystem properties under different reforestation pathways in the same landscape. The broad objective of this thesis was to assess both the effects of deforestation on a range of ecosystem processes and the potential of different reforestation pathways to restore these processes. The study was conducted in the Big Scrub area in subtropical eastern Australia, a basaltic plateau that once supported the continent‟s largest continuous stand of lowland subtropical rainforest, which was mostly cleared for pasture in the mid to late 19th century. In this landscape, the properties of five site-types were compared, with five replicate sites in each. The site-types consisted of two reference conditions, pasture and intact rainforest, and three different reforestation pathways. These pathways were: autogenic regrowth dominated by the non-native tree species camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora); similar regrowth managed in order to remove the camphor laurel and release the growth of recruited rainforest seedlings; and ecological restoration plantations. Camphor laurel is a dominant species in the Big Scrub region, where it readily colonises abandoned pastures and is known to facilitate the recruitment of later successional rainforest tree species. In ecological restoration plantings, a high diversity of native rainforest tree seedlings is planted to restore biodiversity. The main ecosystem properties studied within the sites were as follows: 1. size and composition of viable soil seed banks; and 2. soil physical properties and nutrient cycles. This study also assessed the consequences of altered soil properties and nutrient dynamics for the early growth of rainforest pioneer seedlings. To assess the effects of deforestation and reforestation on soil seed banks, germination experiments were conducted using soil from all five site-types (three reforestation pathways, pasture, and rainforest sites). Germination trays were positioned in a shade-house and seedling emergence was monitored over a period of six months. Germinated seedlings were classified into functional groups according to their life-form, origin, successional stage, and dispersal mode. Additionally, floristic data from a subset of the study sites was used to examine how the seed bank was related to the standing vegetation. Despite a much larger total abundance of seeds in seed banks from pasture sites, these sites contained very few native woody plants and were dominated by grasses and herbaceous species. Further, seed banks of reforested and rainforest sites were mainly composed of pioneer and early secondary species, whereas late secondary and mature phase species appeared almost solely in the standing vegetation. The abundance and diversity of most of the functional groups that were impacted by deforestation showed values similar to rainforest in at least one of the three reforestation pathways; whilst the three pathways differed only slightly in their capacities to restore soil seed banks. In the initial phases of reforestation, however, seed banks play no vital role after long-term pasture establishment. The effects of deforestation and reforestation on the physical and biochemical properties of soil were tested by measuring a range of properties in soil samples from all five site-types. The main emphasis was placed on carbon- and nitrogen-related soil properties, as they are major nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. Before these data were collected, a study was performed in a subset of the sites to identify the variation of soil properties at different spatial scales (subplot, site, and site-type level) and to develop a spatial design for the collection of soil samples within sites. For each of the five site-types, two replicate sites were measured, with 16 subplots in each site. Subplots were seven cm in diameter and regularly aligned with a spacing of 10 m. The seven soil properties measured in this soil variability study were: gravimetric water content; soil organic matter; pH; total organic carbon; microbial biomass carbon; nitrate-nitrogen, and nitrification rate. Across all sites, water content, soil organic matter, and pH showed a consistently low variability at all three spatial scales. In contrast, soil properties related to microbial processes exhibited higher degrees of spatial variability at the site and the subplot level. However, even in soil properties with a high tendency for spatial variability, the physical mixing of subsamples from subplots within a site, in contrast to analysing subsamples individually, could be validated as a useful technique to reduce analytical effort and cost. In the main study of soil properties under deforestation and reforestation, 19 properties were measured at each of five sites in each of the five site-types (the same 25 sites used for the seedling germination experiment). These properties consisted of: eight nitrogen-related variables (total nitrogen (N), ammonium-N, nitrate-N, total inorganic N, plant-available ammonium-N, plant-available nitrate-N, nitrification rates, and denitrification rates); six carbon-related properties (total carbon (C), total organic carbon, soil organic matter, 13C value, microbial biomass carbon, and soil microbial activity); and five general soil properties (gravimetric water content, pH, bulk density, fine root biomass, and plant-available phosphate). Of the 19 soil properties, nine differed significantly between rainforest and pasture. Nitrate-N levels, plant-available nitrate-N levels, nitrification rates, and fine root biomass were significantly greater in rainforest than in pasture sites, while plant-available ammonium-N levels, 13C values, pH, bulk density, and plant-available phosphate concentrations showed greater levels in pasture sites. Apart from fine root biomass, all of these soil properties were re-established to a level similar to that in rainforest in at least one of the three reforestation pathways. However, the capacity to re-establish soil properties varied among the three reforestation pathways. For example, autogenic regrowth dominated by camphor laurel showed a good recovery of nitrification, ammonium, and phosphate levels, but did not significantly facilitate the re-establishment of nitrate-N and bulk density. The impacts of soil properties – and hence deforestation and reforestation – on early seedling development were tested by measuring the growth of rainforest pioneer seedlings in soils collected from the three different reforestation pathways, as well as from pasture and rainforest soils. Three species, Alphitonia excelsa, Guioa semiglauca, and Omalanthus nutans, all fast-growing pioneer species that are common in the Big Scrub region, were chosen for this study. The seedlings were kept in a shade-house over a period of about seven months, and height and diameter were measured at regular time intervals. Although the three species varied significantly in height and diameter growth, they responded similarly to the five site-types, with generally lower growth rates in untreated autogenic regrowth and higher rates in soils from all other site-types, including pasture. However, there was little evidence that seedling performance was directly influenced by soil properties. Across all three species and all 25 sites, seedling growth rates... Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Griffith School of Environment Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Full Text

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Nitsch?Velasquez, Lucia. "Bioprospecting Three Plants from the Tropical Rainforest as Potential Antimicrobial Adjuvants." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13428243.

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The ‘resistance bacteria era’ is intrinsically related to the hospital acquired infections (HAI). The most frequent HAI causal agent in USA is multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) a priority of the Center for Disease Control for development for development of new drug treatments. A HAI key treatment is the oto and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides. One strategy is to enhance the antibiotic activity of antibiotics by combination with NPs, e.g., amoxicillin and the beta–lactamase inhibitor clavulanate. Solutions for this urgent worldwide need can derive from bioprospecting species, specially from biodiversity rich countries e.g., the Guatemalan rainforests. Bioprospecting studies are envisioned under a business framework that are economic, social and eco–sustainable in the long term. The enhancement of the bactericidal activity of commercially available aminoglycosides (GEN, VAN) by polar extracts from three Guatemalan rain forest plants were evaluated: the cosmetic oil producer palm Attalea cohune (Ac and fraction Ac11k), the Catholic relic Bourreria huanita (Bh), and the food spice Dysphania ambrosioides (Da). The antibiotics’ minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against MRSA–USA–300: Ac11k was reduced to 1/16MBCGEN at 9.9 Ac11k mg/mL (synergistic effects), and to 1/2MBCVAN at 94 Ac11k mg/mL (additive effects), and to 1/4MBCGEN at 136 mg/mL ethanolic extract of Bh. The Da–ascaridol–less leaves’ extracts reduced Erwinia carotovora doubling time from 17 min to 12.5 min. hinting out that they may be potentially useful for the probiotics’ industry. With an emphasis in natural products dereplication by chemoinformatics tools, the experimental data gathered (HR–MS, FTIR, 1H–NMR spectroscopies) and the computational–assisted structure elucidation scheme were applied to derive the proposed structure of a new chemical entity probably present in Ac11k sample, Corozine A: a non–basic alkaloid with several putative ring types: (Z)-4-ethyl-1,2,6,7- tetrahydro-6,9-(methanoazenometheno)pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]oxazonine. Two additional potential targets related to sugars metabolism were found with ligand similarity search engines. Corozine A and the other extracts studied are of interest for further research to improve its commercial exploitation. The vision of new commercial products derived from A. cohune would require a pilot project that re–engineers the extraction of fatty acids, essential oil, and alkaloids from the same raw material.

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Azim, Amir Affan Abdul. "Growth ring formation of selected tropical rainforest trees in Peninsular Malaysia." Master's thesis, Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188776.

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Kyoto University (京都大学) 0048 新制・課程博士 博士(農学) 甲第18338号 農博第2063号 新制||農||1023(附属図書館) 学位論文||H26||N4845(農学部図書室) 31196 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 (主査)教授大澤晃, 教授髙部圭司, 教授北山兼弘 学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Kroc, Jonathan Fleming. "Tucson's Rainforest: Data Processing for Tracing Carbon in Soil, Plants, and Atmosphere in the Tropical Rainforest of Biosphere 2." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/323455.

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Grainger, A. "The future role of the tropical rain forests in the world forest economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377888.

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Libros sobre el tema "Tropical rainforest"

Champion, Neil. Tropical rainforest. London: Franklin Watts, 2006.

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Michael, Bright. Tropical rainforest. New York: Gloucester Press, 1991.

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Rick, Bizzoco, ed. Tropical rainforest letters. Alpine, CA: California Trader Publications, 1993.

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Cranbrook, Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy. Belalong: A tropical rainforest. London, U.K: Royal Geographical Society, 1994.

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W, Frith Dawn, ed. Australian tropical rainforest life. Paluma via Townsville, Queensland: Tropical Australia Graphics, 1986.

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Edwards, D. S., W. E. Booth, and S. C. Choy, eds. Tropical Rainforest Research — Current Issues. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1685-2.

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Tscharntke, Teja, Christoph Leuschner, Manfred Zeller, Edi Guhardja, and Arifuddin Bidin, eds. Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30290-2.

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Jackes, Betsy R. Plants of the tropical rainforest. Townsville, Qld., Australia: Botany Dept., James Cook University of North Queensland, 1990.

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1949-, Bernard George, and Mitchell Andrew 1937-, eds. Vanishing paradise: The tropical rainforest. Woodstock, N.Y: Overlook Press, 1990.

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Cowcher, Helen. Rainforest. London: André Deutsch Children's Books, 1988.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Tropical rainforest"

McFarland, Brian Joseph. "Tropical Rainforest Ecology." In Conservation of Tropical Rainforests, 59–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63236-0_3.

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Gale, Fred P. "The Tropical Rainforest Crisis." In The Tropical Timber Trade Regime, 1–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371521_1.

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Gale, Fred P. "Tropical Deforestation and Rainforest Degradation." In The Tropical Timber Trade Regime, 42–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371521_4.

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Ellen, Roy F. "Indigenous Knowledge of the Rainforest." In Human Activities and the Tropical Rainforest, 87–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1800-4_5.

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Gale, Fred P. "Explaining Tropical Deforestation and Rainforest Degradation." In The Tropical Timber Trade Regime, 204–26. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371521_12.

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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, Indonesia." In Coastal World Heritage Sites, 563–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1528-5_82.

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McFarland, Brian Joseph. "Green Bonds, Landscape Bonds, and Rainforest Bonds." In Conservation of Tropical Rainforests, 609–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63236-0_16.

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Barkmann, Jan, Klaus Glenk, Handian Handi, Leti Sundawati, Jan-Patrick Witte, and Rainer Marggraf. "Assessing economic preferences for biological diversity and ecosystem services at the Central Sulawesi rainforest margin — a choice experiment approach." In Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins, 179–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30290-2_10.

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Perfecto, Ivette, Inge Armbrecht, Stacy M. Philpott, Lorena Soto-Pinto, and Thomas V. Dietsch. "Shaded coffee and the stability of rainforest margins in northern Latin America." In Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins, 225–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30290-2_12.

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Börner, Jan, Manfred Denich, Arisbe Mendoza-Escalante, Bettina Hedden-Dunkhorst, and Tatiana Deane de Abreu Sá. "Alternatives to slash-and-burn in forest-based fallow systems of the eastern Brazilian Amazon region: Technology and policy options to halt ecological degradation and improve rural welfare." In Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins, 333–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30290-2_17.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Tropical rainforest"

Dell’Ara, Dennis, Filippo Britti, Vittorio Gentile, Giacomo Donato Cascarano, Bianchia Scappatura, Federica Pieralice, Davide Pirrone, and Saverio Rutigliano. "Operative Automatic Detection of Tropical Rainforest Disturbances in X-Band SAR Time-Series Based on Convolutional Neural Network." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 10096–100. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642574.

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Deng, Songtao, Yixin Hou, and Zijian Qin. "Rainforest-YOLO: Combining swin transformer for tropical rainforest wildlife detection." In ICCIP 2024: 2024 the 10th International Conference on Communication and Information Processing, 510–18. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1145/3708657.3708742.

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Guillen, Gwennael. "Progressive reclamation in a tropical rainforest – French Guiana." In Sixth International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1152_26_guillen.

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Long, David G., and Gary B. Skouson. "Calibration of spaceborne scatterometers using the Amazon tropical rainforest." In Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by James C. Shiue. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.152609.

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Westlund, Dave M., and Mark William Thurber. "Best Environmental Practices for Seismic Exploration in Tropical Rainforest." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/126844-ms.

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Thurber, Mark William, Sebastian Valdivieso, Gabriel Noboa, and Francisco Silva. "Microhabitat Protection during Geophysical Exploration in High Diversity Tropical Rainforest." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/111536-ms.

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Prihatmanti, Rani. "Multi-Layer Balcony Planting: A Biomimetic Concept Of Tropical Rainforest." In ICRP 2019 - 4th International Conference on Rebuilding Place. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epms.2019.12.17.

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Somers, Ben, and Gregory P. Asner. "Mapping tropical rainforest canopies using multi-temporal spaceborne imaging spectroscopy." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2028508.

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Shuo, L., and J. Xu. "Multiple Vesicles of Double Lung from the Tropical Rainforest of China." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a5753.

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Benalcazar, Fernando L., Mark William Thurber, and David M. Westlund. "Environmental and Social Management of Seismic Operations in Sensitive Tropical Rainforest." In SPE International Health, Safety & Environment Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/98556-ms.

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Informes sobre el tema "Tropical rainforest"

Hirota, Marina, Carlos A. Nobre, Ane Alencar, Julia Areiera, Francisco de Assis Costa, Bernardo Flores, Clarissa Gandour, et al. Policy Brief: A call for global action to move the Amazon rainforest system away from tipping points. Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55161/jvyw3199.

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Global climate change, the conversion of large areas of tropical forest to agriculture and rangelands, and forest degradation driven by wildfires are pushing the Amazon towards irreversible thresholds, often called tipping points. We need an immediate deforestation moratorium in areas more likely to cross a tipping point (e.g., Southern Amazon), and in protected areas and Indigenous territories; so that there is zero deforestation in the Amazon by 2030.

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Miller, Eliot. Measuring Biodiversity Using R: A Comparison Of Diversity In Primary And Secondary Tropical Forests. American Museum of Natural History, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0156.

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This exercise is both a lesson in tropical forest restoration and a data analysis of metrics of biodiversity using R. The exercise contains background information, including two powerpoint presentations, using real data from the Bilsa rainforest in Ecuador on tropical bird diversity, and a guided tutorial for the use of R to analyze biodiversity metrics. The module also includes the complete R script with instructional notations as well as all necessary data files. By completing this exercise, students will: 1) distinguish some ways in which biological diversity can be quantified, 2) manipulate a real data set to quantify diversity, including the calculation of diversity indices, 3) identify and recommend conservation practices using the results, and 4) use the powerful open-source statistics program R.

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Patrick Gonzalez, Benjamin Kroll, and Carlos R. Vargas. Forest Restoration Carbon Analysis of Baseline Carbon Emissions and Removal in Tropical Rainforest at La Selva Central, Peru. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876495.

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Lesenfants, Yves, Adam Veprinsky Mehl, Robert Muggah, Katherine Aguirre, and Peter C. Smith. Re-Imagining Bioeconomy for Amazonia. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013007.

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Record-breaking global temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events underline the threat posed by the climate crisis. The Amazonia rainforest is widely regarded as one of several key bulwarks against global warming and a transition to a low-carbon future. Yet the worlds largest tropical forest is experiencing intense ecological degradation due to intensive cattle ranching, large-scale farming, unstainable mining, and a constellation of illegal activities. A paradigm shift is required in the economic model for the Amazonia and the people who live there. Put simply, it is critical that a higher value is attached to preserving a standing forest than one that is cleared. Bioeconomy offers a viable alternative precisely because of how it incentivizes ecological conservation while simultaneously generating economic opportunities based on the sustainable management of diverse natural resources. There is no unified or shared definition of bioeconomy in the Amazonia. In North America and Western Europe, most definitions tend to emphasize economic growth and market competition with a particular focus on biotechnology to reconcile economic growth with environmental sustainability. Given that most resources available to support the development of the bioeconomy are aligned with interpretations from the Global North,“semantic asymmetries” between funders and countries and entrepreneurs in the Global South could impede access to vital investment, funding and support. Indeed, definitions exported from upper-income settings may not be fully commensurate or appropriate to regions such as the Amazonia, home to over 40 million residents. Amazonias immense biodiversity and the presence of over 400 separate indigenous and other traditional communities, many of whom depend on its resources for livelihoods and subsistence, underline the imperative of localized approaches to understanding bioeconomy and capitalizing on its potential.

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Tresierra, Julio C. Rights of Indigenous Groups over Natural Resources in Tropical Forests. Inter-American Development Bank, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011574.

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This study analyzes present-day and historical demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural changes in traditional native groups and in their environment, which have led to a growing loss of ethnic and ecological diversity in the main tropical rainforests of Latin America. The study summarizes actions by external agents that have led to rapid deforestation in recent years and to restrictions on access to forest resources which often lead to confrontation with the affected indigenous communities. In addition, the idea that non-sustainable uses of tropical forests should be determined on a case-to-case basis before initiating development activities is presented.

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Touzi, R., and A. Sasitiwarih. On the Use of Radarsat and JERS-1 Satellite SARs for Trail and Road Detection in Tropical Rainforests. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219360.

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Carroll, Brian, Carlos A. Morales-Ramirez, Sue Neal, and Benjamin Nein. Assessing Land Cover in Forest Reserves Using Remote Sensing Tools. American Museum of Natural History., 2025. https://doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0187.

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Tropical rainforests are home to many biological species that are currently facing threats due to deforestation and other factors. As human populations grow, institutional and policy frameworks change, new demands for land and natural resources emerge, terrestrial environments continue to be modified impacting the habitats of many species and the environmental services that these habitats provide to their populations. Remote sensing technologies are a great resource that help researchers detect deforestation, make informed decisions, and monitor forest regrowth. Through this case study-based exercise, students use remote sensing imagery and spatial analysis software to identify and map potential deforestation hotspots at a forest reserve in Ghana. Students then consider the patterns in the results, the implications of land cover changes, and then suggest policy recommendations through a discussion and presentation.

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State of Funding for Tenure Rights and Forest Guardianship: Donor Funding for Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples in Tropical Forested Countries (2011–2023). Rights and Resources Initiative, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/otpn1413.

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On 10 April 2024, Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) launched the Path to Scale dashboard, a new open-source online tool that gives easy access to donor funding data for Indigenous Peoples’, Afro-descendant Peoples’, and local communities’ rights and forest guardianship. This new brief analyzes the dashboard’s data and main funding trends since 2020. It finds that while donor funding between 2020–2023 was up 36% from the preceding four years, averaging US $517 million per year, there is still no systematic change in direct donor funding to rightsholder organizations. By making this data available for the first time, the dashboard and brief will help donors, non-governmental organizations, and rightsholders identify critical funding gaps and opportunities in global efforts to secure communities’ rights and combat the dual climate and biodiversity crises.

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État du financement des droits fonciers et de la conservation des forêts: Financement des bailleurs en faveur des peuples autochtones, des communautés locales et des peuples afro-descendants dans les pays forestiers tropicaux (2011–2023). Rights and Resources Initiative, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/hwme8862.

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Le 10 avril 2024, L'Initiative des droits et ressources (RRI) et Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) ont lancé le tableau de bord Path to Scale, un nouvel outil en ligne open-source qui permet d'accéder facilement aux données de financement des bailleurs de fonds pour les droits des peuples autochtones, des peuples afro-descendants et des communautés locales, ainsi que pour la garde des forêts. Cette nouvelle étude analyse les données du tableau de bord et les principales tendances en matière de financement depuis 2020. Il constate que si le financement des donateurs entre 2020 et 2023 a augmenté de 36 % par rapport aux quatre années précédentes, atteignant en moyenne 517 millions de dollars américains par an, il n'y a toujours pas de changement systématique dans le financement direct des donateurs aux organisations de défense des droits de l'homme. En rendant ces données disponibles pour la première fois, le tableau de bord et la note d'information aideront les donateurs, les organisations non gouvernementales et les titulaires de droits à identifier les lacunes et les opportunités de financement critiques dans les efforts mondiaux visant à garantir les droits des communautés et à lutter contre la double crise du climat et de la biodiversité.

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