Literatura académica sobre el tema "Two-way symmetric communication"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Two-way symmetric communication"
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Al-Fandi, Audai. "Symmetric Volatile Shared Key Encryption: A Two-way Communication Shared Key Encryption". Mathematics and Computer Science 2, n.º 3 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.mcs.20170203.11.
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Duffy, Margaret E. "There's no two‐way symmetric about it: A postmodern examination of public relations textbooks". Critical Studies in Media Communication 17, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2000): 294–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295030009388397.
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Ellingsen, Tore y Robert Östling. "When Does Communication Improve Coordination?" American Economic Review 100, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 1695–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.4.1695.
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We study costless pre-play communication of intentions among inexperienced players. Using the level-k model of strategic thinking to describe players' beliefs, we fully characterize the effects of preplay communication in symmetric 2×2 games. One-way communication weakly increases coordination on Nash equilibrium outcomes, although average payoffs sometimes decrease. Two-way communication further improves payoffs in some games but is detrimental in others. Moving beyond the class of symmetric 2 × 2 games, we find that communication facilitates coordination in common interest games with positive spillovers and strategic complementarities, but there are also games in which any type of communication hampers coordination. (JEL C72, D83)
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Kriyantono, Rachmat, Abdul Allam Amrullah y Nia Asthon Destrity. "The Model of Public Relations Practices in Indonesia". GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol.5(3) Jul-Sep 2017 5, n.º 3 (10 de julio de 2017): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2017.5.3(22).
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Objective - This research aims to compare the government public relations with business public relations in Indonesia. The research proves the hypothesis that either government or business public relations in Indonesia have already applied symmetric model on their communication activities. Methodology/Technique - A national survey involves 160 practitioners of government and business public relations. The research reinforces Grunig and Hunt's model of public relations that business public relations tends practice two-way symmetrical communication. On the other hands, the research also differs with Grunig and Hunt's model that government public relations tend to apply public information model. Findings - It is concluded that both government and business public relations in Indonesia have implemented two-way communication models. The findings have confirmed that public relations practices have grown along with the development of democracy in Indonesia. Novelty - The research contributes to develop scientific knowledge in public relations study and practices. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Business Public Relations; Democracy; Government Public Relations; Indonesia; Public Relations Model; Symmetric Model; Transparency of Public Information. JEL Classification: H11, H83.
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ENGLERT, BERTHOLD-GEORG, FANG-WEI FU, HARALD NIEDERREITER y CHAOPING XING. "CODES FOR KEY GENERATION IN QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY". International Journal of Quantum Information 03, supp01 (noviembre de 2005): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905001286.
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As an alternative to the usual key generation by two-way communication in schemes for quantum cryptography, we consider codes for key generation by one-way communication. We study codes that could be applied to the raw key sequences that are ideally obtained in recently proposed scenarios for quantum key distribution, which can be regarded as communication through symmetric four-letter channels.
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Chen, H.-K. y T.-N. Lin. "Synchronization of chaotic symmetric gyros by one-way coupling conditions". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2003): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440603762869993.
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A simple satellite is a symmetric gyro. Satellites are used for communications, weather forecasts, surveying and in several other scientific and military applications. In particular, for military use secure communications are very important. As chaotic signals are usually broadband and noise like, synchronized chaotic systems can be used as cipher generators for secure communication. This paper presents chaos synchronization of two identical chaotic motions of symmetric gyros. It has been demonstrated that applying four different kinds of one-way coupling conditions can synchronize two identical chaotic systems. The sign of the sub-Liapunov exponent has been used as an indicator for the occurrence of chaos synchronization. It has also been found that when chaos synchronization occurs the positive major sub-Liapunov exponent transverses the zero value and becomes negative for the last time. Chaos synchronization can also be shown by phase trajectory. In addition, synchronization time is also examined. Furthermore, it has been found that different distances of the initial conditions between the master system and slave system do not affect the occurrence of chaos synchronization.
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KAMIJO, YOSHIO. "A TWO-STEP SHAPLEY VALUE FOR COOPERATIVE GAMES WITH COALITION STRUCTURES". International Game Theory Review 11, n.º 02 (junio de 2009): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198909002261.
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In this paper, we study cooperative games with coalition structures. We show that a solution concept that applies the Shapley value to games among and within coalitions and in which the pure surplus that the coalition obtains is allocated among the intra-coalition members in an egalitarian way, is axiomatized by modified axioms on null players and symmetric players and the usual three axioms: efficiency, additivity and coalitional symmetry. In addition to the original definition, we give two expressions of this solution concept. One is an average of modified marginal contributions and the other is the weighted Shapley value of a game with restricted communication.
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Demichelis, Stefano y Jörgen W. Weibull. "Language, Meaning, and Games: A Model of Communication, Coordination, and Evolution". American Economic Review 98, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2008): 1292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.4.1292.
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Language is a powerful coordination device. We generalize the cheap-talk approach to pre-play communication by way of introducing a meaning correspondence between messages and actions, and by postulating two axioms met by natural languages. Players have a lexicographic preference, second to material payoffs, against deviating from the meaning correspondence. Under two-sided communication in generic and symmetric n × n-coordination games, a Nash equilibrium component in such a lexicographic communication game is evolutionarily stable if and only if it results in the unique Pareto efficient outcome of the underlying game. We extend the analysis to one-sided communication in arbitrary finite two-player games. (JEL C72, C73, Z13)
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Khovrak, Inna. "The role of communication tools of the corporate social responsibility strategy for building effective dialogue with stakeholders". Ukrainian society 2019, n.º 3 (2019): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2019.03.092.
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Communication on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be based on unilateral communication, in which stakeholders are “passive listeners”. However, more effective is a bilateral interaction that engages stakeholders in the communication process while developing and implementing a CSR strategy, enabling establishment of the dialogue. That is why the objective of the study is to reasonably expose the impact of the communication toolkit of implementing the CSR strategy on establishing dialogue with stakeholders. The author develops an algorithm for organizing a stakeholder communication process that takes into account communication barriers at each stage: creation, encoding, transmission, receiving, decoding and responding. The internally-oriented, externally-oriented and universal communication tools of CSR strategy implementation are characterized. The functions of the communication toolkit of CSR strategy implementation are systematized: informational, contact, educational, interpretative, emotional, holistic, mobilizing, strategic, preventive. The author compared CSR communication strategies (one-sided, two-way asymmetric and two-way symmetric) according to the following criteria: the achievement of communication ideal: transfer and joint creation of CSR meaning, stakeholder needs, the role of stakeholder, method of determining CSR priorities, strategic goals for establishing communications, third-party approval of the CSR strategy. Much attention is paid to specifying forms of indirect and direct communication, as well as to the analysis of their relevance to the main CSR communication strategies. It is established that the identification of stakeholders is an important part of CSR communication, which is why the author summarizes main forms and the result of interaction with them. It is justified that effective interaction with stakeholders holds a dialogue capable of identifying existing problems and jointly formulating ways to solve them.
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Kasza, Péter, Péter Ligeti y Ádám Nagy. "Siren: Secure data sharing over P2P and F2F networks". Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 52, n.º 2 (junio de 2015): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/012.2015.52.2.1316.
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In this paper we propose a decentralized privacy-preserving system which is able to share sensible data in a way, that only predefined subsets of authorized entities can recover the data after getting an additional alarm message. The protocol uses two main communication channels: a P2P network where the encrypted information is stored, and a smaller private P2P network, which consists of the authorized parties called friend-to-friend network. We describe the communication protocol fulfilling the desired security requirements. The proposed protocol achieves unconditional security. The main cryptographic building blocks of the protocol are symmetric encryption schemes and secret sharing schemes.
Tesis sobre el tema "Two-way symmetric communication"
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Johansson, Alma y Caroline Lundgren. "Blogga vårt varumärke! : Hur PR-utövare bör bemöta bloggare utifrånbloggarnas perspektiv". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Sektionen för kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20616.
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Web 2.0 har möjliggjort och öppnat upp för en ny typ av mellanmänsklig kommunikation. Numera kan vem som helst starta sin egen offentliga och lättillgängliga webbplattform där digitala dialoger frodas och med det skapas attraktiva marknadsplatser för företag. Enligt forskningsluckan vi har identifierat anser vi att det saknas insikter om hur företag på bästa sätt ska arbeta med bloggare utifrån bloggarnas perspektiv. Bloggar är inte bara en attraktiv marknadsplats för företag utan också för bloggarna själva som skapar sitt personliga varumärke genom att bygga upp den digitala identitet som presenteras i bloggen. Således är syftet med vår uppsats att bidra till ökad förståelse för bloggares preferenser i relationen med företag och varumärken, samt hur de väljer varumärken att beröra i sin blogg utifrån sin digitalt konstruerade identitet. För att genomföra vår studie har vi valt en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv ansats där vi har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju populära bloggare i Sverige. Den teoretiska referensramen som ligger till grund för vår studie är uppdelad i tre huvudkategorier; marketing public relations, word-of-mouth/word-of-blog samt personligt varumärke, där vi berör begreppen relationer, digitala dialoger, tvåvägs-symmetrisk kommunikation, digitalidentitet och källtrovärdighet. Resultatet i vår studie visar att bloggare önskar ett professionellt bemötande i relationen med PR-utövare men en personlig relation till varumärken. PR-utövare bör erbjuda bloggarna unikhet, involvering, nyhetsvärde och arvode för att skapa fördelaktiga tvåvägs-symmetriska bloggrelationer i syfte att gynna varumärket. Således förändras synen på traditionell PR vilket snarare innefattar relationer än finansiering. I vår studie presenterar vi därför en definition och modell av begreppet Blog Public Relations (BPR) vilket är vårt huvudsakliga bidrag till den vetenskapliga diskursen. Vidare visar vår undersökning att det finns tre faktorer som påverkar bloggare till att avvika från sin digitala identitet i samarbetet med företag. Förutom att de känner en press att uppdatera bloggen, och därmed ibland har valt att skriva om vissa produkter på grund av det, påverkar ett högt arvode eller ett riktigt bra och proffsigt bemötande från PR-utövarna den kommersiella avvägningen.Web 2.0 has enabled and opened up for a new type of interpersonal communication. Nowadays, anyone can start their own public and accessible web platform where digital dialogues flourish and thus the creation of attractive markets for companies. According to the research gap we have identified, we believe that there is a lack of understanding of how companies’ best should practice blog relationships according to the bloggers. Blogs are notonly an attractive marketplace for companies but also for the bloggers themselves since they create their own personal brand by building up their digital identities that are presented in the blog. Thus, the purpose of this essay is to contribute to a better understanding of bloggers' preferences in their relationship with companies and brands and how they choose brands to mention in the blog from their digitally constructed identities. To carry out our study, we chose a qualitative method with an abductive nature where we have carried out semistructured interviews with seven popular bloggers in Sweden. The theoretical framework that forms the basis of our study is divided into three main categories; marketing public relations, word-of-mouth/word-of-blog, and personal brand, where we touch the concepts of relationships, digital dialogues, two-way symmetrical communication, digital identity and source credibility. The result of our study shows that bloggers wish for a professional approach in the relationships with PR practitioners and a personal relationship with the brands. PR practitioners should offer bloggers uniqueness, involvement, news-value and emolument to create beneficial two-way symmetric blog relationships in order to promote the brand. Moreover, this approach is changing the perception of traditional PR, which includes relationships, rather than financing. In our study, we therefore present a definition and model of the term Blog Public Relations (BPR) that is our main contribution to the scientific discourse. Furthermore, our study shows that there are three factors that influence bloggers to deviate from their digital identity in collaboration with companies. Besides that they feel pressured to update the blog, and thus sometimes chose to write about certain products because of it, a high emolument or a really good and professional behavior from PR practitioners affects the commercial balance.
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Matthee, Christelle. "Towards the two-way symmetrical communication model: the use of social media to create dialogue around brands". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1370.
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Social media has radically altered today's media landscape, and presents public relations practitioners with new possibilities and opportunities to promote their companies. Social media enables public relations to observe in order to find out what people need; what content they are looking for; and how your company can help them. However, will engaging in online conversations give an organisation‘s consumers a voice? Past PR models illustrate how methods of communication was established and used in the past. However, the Grunig and Hunt two-way symmetrical model creates the possibility of two-way communication (dialogue) between consumer and organisation in which the power relations are equal. By applying Web 2.0 (social media) to these models, one can explore new ways of two-way communication. Finally by applying these elements to each other, a case study can be created to prove if social media can be used to create a dialogue between consumer and organization.
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Mettler, Jamie M. "Applying Grunig's two way symmetrical model : a Q-sort of Major League Baseball communication and public relations professionals". Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1246461.
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This study examines the roles and functions of public relations professionals in Major League Baseball. Grunig's four models of public relations were used to categorize the perceptions of the respondents regarding this subject.Eleven respondents took part in this study. All were given thirty-six statements that described typical public relations activities and philosophies. The statements were derived from original research conducted by Grunig. Each respondent was asked to sort the statements according to their perceptions of the organization in which they were currently employed.The results of this study were analyzed using the Qmethod program. Two distinct factors were revealed through this process. Factor I perceived their role as advocates for the organization (Grunig's press agency model). Factor II perceived their role a more neutral channel for communication (Grunig's public information model). Both factors believed it was important to relay the truth to the public.Department of Journalism
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Theunissen, Nicola. "The role of the Intranet at Lonmin Platinum : the perceptions of middle management / N. Theunissen". Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1646.
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Allen, Megan. "Twitter usage by professional sports teams: A content analysis". Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/199.
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Twitter has become a foremost public relations tool due to its capacity to facilitate two-way communication; however research suggests few organizations are using it effectively to engage in conversation with their customers (Rybalko & Seltzer, 2010; Briones, Kuch, Liu, & Jin, 2011; Lovejoy, Waters, & Saxon, 2012; Waters & Jamal, 2011). Using Grunig and Hunt's (1984) models of public relations and uses and gratifications theory (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1974) as the guiding framework, this study examines how teams in the National Hockey League (NHL) communicate with fans on Twitter. The study used a content analysis and coded 815 team tweets into one of five content themes based on the fan gratification being met. Findings revealed that teams are most likely to meet fans' information needs and use models of press agentry and public information, despite the opportunity for conversation and relationship building Twitter provides. The results indicate there is a lack of two-way conversation being facilitated by NHL teams to build relationships with fans. The results of this study will inform sports teams, as well as other organizations, on current and future communication strategies on social media.
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Bosch, Steven. "The communication approach of the loveLife HIV/AIDS prevention programme / S. Bosch". Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4150.
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loveLife, the South African national HIV/AIDS prevention programme for youth, is known for its brand-oriented billboards and mass media campaign that ranges over various print-, broadcast- and alternative media.
However, the organisation also implements a national grass-roots peer motivation programme where various activities are co-ordinated by youths (GroundBREAKERS and Mpintshis) from the community.
The organisation has been criticised for its communication approach, with many researchers primarily focusing on the organisation's mass media and billboards.
This study investigates the communicative approach(es) in loveLife's programme implementation in the light of the normative theory of participatory communication. The focus of this study is to identify how loveLife describes its communication approach, what communication approach the organisation employs and how the organisation's communication approach is perceived by a sample of its target audience.
The research was conducted by means of a literature review, qualitative content analysis of loveLife's policy documentation and a selection of the organisation's media. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted at head office, which are contrasted with focus groups with the participants at an implementation site.
Broadly, it was found that loveLife's programme is more participatory than most critics would expect and that the organisation attempts to put its primary focus on face-to-face communication. But, there is also tension in what loveLife communicates on a national level and how it relates to grass-roots activities as the national / media-driven communication is more modernistic in its approach, whereas the grass-roots communication is more participatory.Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Leijonklo, Lovisa. "Lägg märke till varumärket : En kvantitativ undersökning kring hur varumärket Hollister jobbar med kommunikation för att stärka sitt varumärke". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85118.
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The purpose of the case study is to research whether the brand Hollister can establish themselves to their target audience working with communication. To achieve the goal with the study, the following theories has been applied: brand building, visual communication, two-way symmetrical communication and communication channels. The study was conducted by a quantitative online questionnaire survey. The online survey was aimed at teenagers aged 15-18 years old living in Täby or Umeå where one question was "What difference can be discerned between Täby, where there is a shop, and Umeå where there is no shop". The material was collected during a period of eight days between december 11th to december 19th 2013. The online survey was answered by 90 units which means a response rate of 90 percent. The results of the study showed that it differed somewhat between the cities and above all it showed that the units from Täby had more knowledge about the brand's visual identity, and visited the store to a larger extent. The analysis also showed that branding is an important part to reach out and influence Hollister’s target audience where the work of visual communication is vital.Syftet med studien är att undersöka om varumärket Hollister kan etablera sig hos sin målgrupp med hjälp av kommunikation. För att uppnå syftet har följande teorier tillämpats: varumärkesbyggande, visuell kommunikation, tvåvägs-symmetrisk kommunikation samt kommunikationskanaler. Studien har genomförts genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning på webben. Webbenkäten riktade sig till tonåringar i åldern 15-18 år som bor i Täby eller Umeå då bland annat en frågeställning har varit ”Vilken skillnad går att utläsa mellan Täby, där det finns en butik, respektive Umeå där det inte finns någon butik”. Materialet samlades in under en period på åtta dagar mellan 11-19 december 2013. Webbenkäten svarades av 90 enheter vilket innebär en svarsfrekvens på 90 procent. Resultatet av studien visade att det skiljde en del mellan städerna framförallt går det att utläsa att enheterna från Täby hade mer kännedom kring varumärkets visuella identitet samt besökt butiken i större utsträckning. Analysen visade även att varumärkesbyggande är en viktig del för att nå ut och påverka sin målgrupp och bland annat att arbetet med den visuella kommunikationen är betydelsefull.
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Wood, Elvira. "Excellent in-house journals in South Africa : case studies of five leading publications / E. Wood". Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/878.
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Although companies and organisations worldwide publish in-house journals, there is no
comprehensive theory (including technical and normative dimensions) available on this
important public relations instrument. In particular, no research is available on what the
characteristics of excellent South African in-house journals are or ought to be.
In this study a number of dimensions are thus introduced in order to help create a
comprehensive framework for analysing in-house journals, in particular South Africa’s
leading in-house journals.
Firstly, James Grunig’s excellence in public relations theory (published in 1992), which
incorporates the concept of two-way symmetrical communication (which in turn is informed
by a “symmetric” world view), is put forward as basic point of departure.
Secondly, a set of technical criteria for excellent in-house journals gleaned from a wide
range of sources, is compiled.
Furthermore, the internal and external environments in which South African in-house
journals function are identified. The role of other new media (such as e-mail, intranet,
television and radio) is also taken into account.
Five leading South African in-house journals are then analysed and the views of editors
reflected. It was found that Abacus (Absa Bank), Harmonise (Harmony Gold Mining
Company), Hello the future (MTN), Pick ’n Patter (Pick ’n Pay) and Sandaba (Sanlam) all
measured up well against the theoretical statements flowing from the said theoretical points
of departure. However, the analysis did also bring to the fore deviations from the said
statements which give new insight into what is required to publish an excellent in-house
journal.
In conclusion, the criteria are evaluated against some of the more detailed findings of the
analysis and adapted to create a set of theoretically based guidelines that can be used by
South African companies, focusing inter alia on how the unique character and environment
of a company influence its internal communication, to create excellent in-house journals.
In final analysis, it is argued that all factors, starting with the philosophical points of departure
informing communication strategies, management’s attitude toward internal communication,
organisation culture, the socio-political environment in which in-house journals function as
well as the technical aspects of these publications, need to be considered when formulating
criteria for “excellent” in-house journalism.
This study thus endeavours to contribute to the professional integrity of public relations in a
sea of asymmetric, marketing-driven internal communication.Thesis (Ph.D. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Utterström, Ylva. "Friluftsliv i ett förändrat kommunikationslandskap : En kvalitativ undersökning kring hur ny mediekonsumtion påverkar Umeå kommuns kommunikation". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-87434.
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The aim of this study is to examine which communication channels and communication strategies Umeå municipality could use for information concerning outdoor recreation. To achieve this aim the following theories and views have been applied: social communication, communication strategies, two-way symmetrical communication, social media and uses and gratifications. The study was conducted through four focus group interviews and one informant interview. The focus groups consisted of four groups of outdoor enthusiasts in Umeå municipality: outdoor interested students, organized outdoor enthusiasts, active families and active seniors. The informant were the person that is centrally positioned within the business. The material was collected during the 6th and 19th of February 2014. The results and analysis of the study showed that outdoor enthusiasts have acquired new communication habits and that the municipality partially requires changes in their communication strategy. The new media habits has meant that outdoor enthusiasts would like to receive personalized information rather than information that is targeted towards the crowd. Thus, there is a clash between how the municipality communicates and outdoor interested’s approach to dialogue. Outdoor enthusiasts also want to communicate with each other to a greater extent than with the municipality. The result also showed a lack of communication channels that enable outdoor enthusiasts to communicate with each other. Finally, there were also a digital divide that shows that active seniors are distinguished because they have not embraced the new media consumption in the same extent as other groups. This has the consequence that Umeå municipality must use a mixture of communication channels to adapt to the public.Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka kommunikationskanaler samt kommunikationsstrategier Umeå kommun kan använda för information som rör friluftsliv. För att uppnå syftet har teorier och fakta om samhällskommunikation, kommunikationsstrategier, tvåvägs-symmetrisk kommunikation, sociala medier samt uses and gratifications använts. Studien har genomförts genom fyra fokusgruppsintervjuer och en informantintervju. Fokusgrupperna bestod av fyra grupper av friluftsintresserade i Umeå kommun: friluftsintresserade studenter, organiserade friluftsmänniskor, aktiva barnfamiljer samt aktiva seniorer. Informanten som intervjuades var den person som är centralt placerad inom verksamheten. Materialet samlades in under tidsperioden 6-19 februari 2014. Resultatet och analysen av studien visade att friluftsintresserade har skaffat sig nya medievanor och att kommunen delvis måste ändra sin kommunikationsstrategi. De nya medievanorna har medfört att friluftsintresserade vill få individanpassad information istället för information som är riktat mot den breda massan. Därmed har det uppstått en krock mellan hur kommunen kommunicerar och friluftsintresserades syn på dialog. Friluftsintresserade vill även kommunicera med varandra i större utsträckning än med kommunen i fråga. Resultatet visade också att det saknas kommunikationskanaler som möjliggör att friluftsintresserade kan kommunicera med varandra. Slutligen återfanns även en digital klyfta som visar att aktiva seniorer särskiljer sig då de inte har anammat den nya mediekonsumtionen i lika utsträckning som övriga grupper. Det betyder att Umeå kommun måste använda en blandning av kommunikationskanaler för att anpassa sig efter medborgarna.
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Karzen, Brittany K. "#DoINeedSocialMedia: Social Media in Local Political Elections". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5522.
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More research is needed to be able to fully understand the role that social media plays in elections, specifically in local elections. Candidates need to understand how it works and how they can effectively use this new communication medium. By exploring Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Social Information Processing Theory, and the Two-Way Symmetrical Model of communications this study sought to answer one overarching question: how should a candidate employ social media in a local election? This qualitative, single case study explores the 2014 recall and general election in Yorba Linda, California. Councilman Tom Lindsey and candidate Matt Palmer are the primary subjects of study. Observations were made through analysis of documentation, interviews, and participant and direct observation. The researcher was employed as the campaign manager for both Lindsey's and Palmer's campaigns. The findings support the use of social media in local campaigns on a case by case basis. Determining use depends on the demographics of the voters and the abilities of the candidate. The data suggests that social media needs to be part of comprehensive strategy that includes traditional communication tools. Observations from the case study illustrate the need for candidates to engage in two-way communication that is monitored and regulated. This study begins to establish social media as a tool that candidates can use to inexpensively reach voters in a way that showcases the candidate's personality and allows them to connect on a personal level with constituents. Social media will play a role in politics at all levels.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Two-way symmetric communication"
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"Symmetry, Social Media, and the Enduring Imperative of Two-Way Communication". En Public Relations and Communication Management, 133–47. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203079256-15.
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Prajapat, Shaligram y Ramjeevan Singh Thakur. "Towards Parameterized Shared Key for AVK Approach". En Pattern and Data Analysis in Healthcare Settings, 61–78. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0536-5.ch004.
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“Key” plays a vital role in every symmetric key cryptosystem. The obvious way of enhancing security of any cryptosystem is to keep the key as large as possible. But it may not be suitable for low power devices since higher computation will be done for longer keys and that will increase the power requirement which decreases the device's performance. In order to resolve the former specified problem an alternative approach can be used in which the length of key is fixed and its value varies in every session. This is Time Variant Key approach or Automatic Variable Key (AVK) approach. The Security of AVK based cryptosystem is enhanced by exchanging some parameters instead of keys between the communicating parties, then these parameters will be used to generate required keys at the receiver end. This chapter presents implementation of the above specified Mechanism. A model has been demonstrated with parameterized scheme and issues in AVK approach. Further, it has been analyzed from different users' perspectives. This chapter also highlights the benefits of AVK model to ensure two levels of security with characterization of methods for AVK and Estimation of key computation based on parameters only. The characteristic components of recent styles of key design with consideration of key size, life time of key and breaking threshold has also been pointed out. These characteristics are essential in the design of efficient symmetric key cryptosystem. The novel approach of AVK based cryptosystem is suitable for low power devices and useful for exchanging very large objects or files. This scheme has been demonstrated with Fibonacci-Q matrix and sparse matrix based diffused key information exchange procedures. These models have been further tested from perspective of hackers and cryptanalyst, to exploit any weakness with fixed size dynamic keys.
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Prajapat, Shaligram y Ramjeevan Singh Thakur. "Towards Parameterized Shared Key for AVK Approach". En Cryptography, 239–56. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1763-5.ch014.
Texto completoResumen
“Key” plays a vital role in every symmetric key cryptosystem. The obvious way of enhancing security of any cryptosystem is to keep the key as large as possible. But it may not be suitable for low power devices since higher computation will be done for longer keys and that will increase the power requirement which decreases the device's performance. In order to resolve the former specified problem an alternative approach can be used in which the length of key is fixed and its value varies in every session. This is Time Variant Key approach or Automatic Variable Key (AVK) approach. The Security of AVK based cryptosystem is enhanced by exchanging some parameters instead of keys between the communicating parties, then these parameters will be used to generate required keys at the receiver end. This chapter presents implementation of the above specified Mechanism. A model has been demonstrated with parameterized scheme and issues in AVK approach. Further, it has been analyzed from different users' perspectives. This chapter also highlights the benefits of AVK model to ensure two levels of security with characterization of methods for AVK and Estimation of key computation based on parameters only. The characteristic components of recent styles of key design with consideration of key size, life time of key and breaking threshold has also been pointed out. These characteristics are essential in the design of efficient symmetric key cryptosystem. The novel approach of AVK based cryptosystem is suitable for low power devices and useful for exchanging very large objects or files. This scheme has been demonstrated with Fibonacci-Q matrix and sparse matrix based diffused key information exchange procedures. These models have been further tested from perspective of hackers and cryptanalyst, to exploit any weakness with fixed size dynamic keys.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Two-way symmetric communication"
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Withers, Lang P. "A Quasi-Symmetric Model for the Two-Way MIMO Communication Channel". En 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2007.366511.
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Riihonen, Taneli, Mikko Vehkapera, Risto Wichman y Xiaodong Wang. "Transmission rate performance of symmetric two-way full-duplex links at large antenna-array limit". En 2015 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2015.7454350.
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Yang Qiu y Chun-Kit Chan. "A simple multicast overlay scheme for WDM passive optical networks with symmetric two-way traffic". En 2009 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oecc.2009.5218073.
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Xiong, Ke, Qing Shi, Pingyi Fan y Khaled Ben Letaief. "Resource allocation for two-way relay networks with symmetric data rates: An information theoretic approach". En ICC 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2013.6655571.
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Lee, NamKyung, J. Ryu, D. Oh y H. Lee. "A Symmetry Performance Enhanced Cooperative System of MPEG-4 and DVB-RCS on Two Way Satellite Environments". En 22nd AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference & Exhibit 2004 (ICSSC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3153.
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