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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Voting – United States – Psychological aspects"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 11 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Voting – United States – Psychological aspects"

1

Lanning, Kevin. "Democracy, Voting, and Disenfranchisement in the United States: A Social Psychological Perspective". Journal of Social Issues 64, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2008): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00571.x.

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ANDERSON IV, ROBERT y ALEXANDER M. TAHK. "Institutions and Equilibrium in the United States Supreme Court". American Political Science Review 101, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2007): 811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055407070591.

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Over the last decade the scholarship on judicial politics has increasingly emphasized the strategic aspects of decision making in the United States Supreme Court. This scholarship, however, has struggled with two significant limitations—the restriction to unidimensional policy spaces and the assumption of binary comparisons of alternatives. These two assumptions have the advantage of implying stable, predictable outcomes, but lack a sound theoretical foundation and assume away potentially important aspects of strategic behavior on the Court. In this article, we identify institutional features of the Court that, under certain conditions, allow us to relax these two assumptions without sacrificing stable, predictable policy outcomes. In particular, we formalize the “part-by-part” opinion voting used by the justices, a feature that, together with separable preferences over policy issues, implies stable policy outcomes around the issue-by-issue median of the justices.

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3

Simas, Elizabeth N. "Perceptions of the heterogeneity of party elites in the United States". Party Politics 24, n.º 4 (15 de septiembre de 2016): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068816668676.

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While it is widely accepted that in the United States, political party labels serve as brand names which cue voters about the beliefs and ideologies of members, I explore the possibility that the signals sent by these labels are contingent upon the party membership of the individual voter. More specifically, I draw on social identity theory and hypothesize that individuals will be more likely to perceive heterogeneity among members of their own party. I find support for this hypothesis in perceptions of both the overall ideologies and voting records of US senators. Additionally, I compare respondent perceptions back to actual voting records and find that inpartisans are (1) only more likely to be correct when senators do in fact vote differently and (2) significantly less likely to be correct when senators vote the same way. These results suggest that the partisan differences uncovered are due to psychological bias and not just informational asymmetries and that biases stemming from group membership may lead to distorted opinions of senators and the representation they provide.

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4

Obschonka, Martin, Michael Stuetzer, Peter J. Rentfrow, Neil Lee, Jeff Potter y Samuel D. Gosling. "Fear, Populism, and the Geopolitical Landscape". Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, n.º 3 (8 de marzo de 2018): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550618755874.

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Two recent electoral results—Donald Trump’s election as U.S. president and the UK’s Brexit vote—have reignited debate on the psychological factors underlying voting behavior. Both campaigns promoted themes of fear, lost pride, and loss aversion, which are relevant to the personality dimension of neuroticism, a construct previously not associated with voting behavior. To that end, we investigate whether regional prevalence of neurotic personality traits (neuroticism, anxiety, and depression) predicted voting behavior in the United States ( N = 3,167,041) and the United Kingdom ( N = 417,217), comparing these effects with previous models, which have emphasized the roles of openness and conscientiousness. Neurotic traits positively predicted share of Brexit and Trump votes, and Trump gains from Romney. Many of these effects persisted in additional robustness tests controlling for regional industrial heritage, political attitude, and socioeconomic features, particularly in the United States. The “sleeper effect” of neurotic traits may profoundly impact the geopolitical landscape.

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5

BAKKER, BERT N., MATTHIJS ROODUIJN y GIJS SCHUMACHER. "The psychological roots of populist voting: Evidence from the United States, the Netherlands and Germany". European Journal of Political Research 55, n.º 2 (18 de octubre de 2015): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12121.

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Braaten, Daniel, Maui Orozco y Jonathan R. Strand. "Voting for Green? U.S. Support for Environmental Projects in the Multilateral Development Banks". Journal of Environment & Development 28, n.º 1 (30 de noviembre de 2018): 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496518815216.

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This article examines the drivers of American support for environmental projects in the multilateral development banks (MDBs). We first describe how U.S. Executive Directors are guided by Congressional directives regarding environmental aspects of MDB projects. The article then turns to statistical analysis of the strategic and normative drivers of U.S. positions on MDB projects. Our analysis finds mixed support for environmental factors driving U.S. votes. The United States is more inclined to vote against “dirty” projects (i.e., mining, coal, and oil) rather than specifically support “green” projects (i.e., projects related toward climate change or biodiversity). The overall environmental performance of a country had a minor influence on whether the United States would support proposals from that country, but the United States was much more likely to disapprove of a project if a project failed to undergo an environmental analysis or failed the analysis in anyway.

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Turska-Kawa, Agnieszka. "Psychological Aspects of the U.S. Election Campaign". Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 13, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjps-2013-0010.

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Abstract Great diversity - racial and cultural as well as in terms of quality of life - in the United States forces versatility of electoral activities, pushing them to a certain level of generality, as specific, defined solutions may turn out too narrow for a broad electorate. In specific campaigns, psychological mechanisms become particularly important, especially those which in many ways provide a sense of closeness to the preferred candidate and build a relationship that leads to support and casting a vote in the elections. The present study focuses on three important - from a psychological point of view - issues, which are perfectly represented in the American elections - the narrative of the political image; communities created on the Internet thanks to management of specific electoral groups by politicians, and the presence of humor and satire in the campaign.

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Pirch, Kevin A. "When Did the Campaign End? An Examination of the Timing of Vote Returns in the 2008 General Election in Washington State". PS: Political Science & Politics 45, n.º 04 (27 de septiembre de 2012): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096512000807.

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AbstractDuring the past decade the United States has seen an increase in alternative forms to Election Day voting, including voting by mail. Voting by mail has spurred a number of studies concerning the effects it has on voter turnout and other aspects of voting. However, one important facet of voting by mail has not been examined—when people decide to send in their vote. Because ballots are mailed out weeks before the election, voting by mail creates, in effect, a rolling Election Day. This could have profound effects for campaigns as candidates must determine when to use campaign resources and campaign to an electorate who might have already voted. Using data from the 2008 general election in Washington State, this study examines when voters turned in their ballots and determines if age, partisanship, or other factors play a role in the timing of turning in a ballot.

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Peery, Destiny y Galen V. Bodenhausen. "AMBIGUITY AND AMBIVALENCE IN THE VOTING BOOTH AND BEYOND". Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 6, n.º 1 (2009): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x09090067.

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AbstractThe issue of race has followed Barack Obama since he emerged on the national political scene, continuing unabated throughout his successful 2008 presidential campaign. Although the issue of race is not always explicitly acknowledged or discussed by Obama himself, the implications of his successful candidacy for U.S. politics and the ways people in the United States think about race more generally have been of great interest to media pundits, social scientists, and laypersons alike. Race has been considered a substantial barrier to the electoral success of previous non-White political candidates; therefore Obama's success requires reconsideration of how race can be expected to influence political outcomes in the future. In addition, his biracial identity also raises questions about how his role as a prominent cultural figure will affect existing racial categories in the United States. A review of social psychological evidence highlights the importance of understanding the ambivalence that characterizes contemporary racial attitudes, as well as the ways in which definitions of race and racial categories may be changing, in order to understand the impact that Obama could have on the future of racial politics. We conclude that Obama's victory represents a large step in the direction of increasingly positive racial attitudes and more sophisticated public conceptualizations of race, but steady progress in the coming years is not guaranteed. We consider some of the opportunities and obstacles that may affect the trajectory of future gains in the struggle for racial equality in the Obama era.

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Kortum, Philip y Michael D. Byrne. "The Importance of Psychological Science in a Voter’s Ability to Cast a Vote". Current Directions in Psychological Science 25, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2016): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416665104.

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Ensuring the integrity of elections is one of the most important elements in maintaining democracy. While it is commonly believed that threats to election integrity are primarily due to security issues, the reality is that voting systems that are not designed to support human perceptual and cognitive limitations also pose a serious and immediate threat. This mismatch between system design and human capabilities can cause tremendous difficulty for voters who are trying to cast a ballot, and has almost certainly altered the outcome of elections in the United States. This article describes the psychological issues that can impact the ability of a voter to cast a vote as intended.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Voting – United States – Psychological aspects"

1

Wojcik, Sheila Jo. "The post-bankruptcy rebuilding process : how the chapter 7 debtor learns to begin life anew". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3033590.

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Soto-Marquez, Victor. "Whites' physiological and psychological reactions toward affirmative action programs". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3313.

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Discrimination has many effects on the individual/group being discriminated against regardless of the reasons for the discrimination. Further exploration on discrimination processes and their relationships to physiological and psychological outcomes, both of which, over time may become problematic and affect the health and well-being of individuals.

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3

Roberts, Mervyn Edwin III. "United States Psychological Operations in Support of Counterinsurgency: Vietnam, 1960 to 1965". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28468/.

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This thesis describes the development of psychological operations capabilities, introduction of forces, and the employment in Vietnam during the period 1960-1965. The complex interplay of these activities is addressed, as well as the development of PSYOP doctrine and training in the period prior to the introduction of ground combat forces in 1965. The American PSYOP advisory effort supported the South Vietnamese at all levels, providing access to training, material support, and critical advice. In these areas the American effort was largely successful. Yet, instability in the wake of President Ngo Dinh Diem's overthrow created an impediment to the ability of psychological operations to change behaviors and positively affect the outcome.

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4

Craig, McKinzie. "Rubber Stamps and Litmus Tests: The President, the Senate, and Judicial Voting Behavior in Abortion Cases in the U.S. Federal District Courts". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3985/.

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This thesis focuses on how well indicators of judicial ideology and institutional constraints predict whether a judge will vote to increase abortion access. I develop a model that evaluates a judge's decision in an abortion case in light of ideological factors measured at the time of a judge's nomination to the bench and legal and institutional constraints at the time a judge decides a case. I analyze abortion cases from all of the U.S. Federal District Courts from 1973-2004. Unlike previous studies, which demonstrate that the president and the home state senators are the best predictors of judicial ideology, I find that the Senate Judiciary Committee at the time of the judge's nomination is the only statistically significant ideological indicator. Also, contrary to conventional wisdom, Supreme Court precedent (a legal constraint) is also a significant predictor of judicial voting behavior in abortion cases.

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5

Huttlinger, Kathleen Wilson. "The experience of pregnancy in teenage girls". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184453.

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Pregnancy in unmarried teenaged girls in America today is a growing concern to health care workers, educators, government officials and parents. Pregnancy during adolescence is not an issue because births to teenagers are increasing but because teenage pregnancy is no longer a societal option. This paper describes adolescent pregnancy from within the context of the subculture of adolescence and from the perspective of 16 pregnant, teenaged girls. The findings revealed a description of the life experiences of pregnant teenagers and introduced health-care issues that were not previously disclosed in other research studies of pregnant teens. The anthropological concepts of liminality, the double-bind, social labeling, and schizmogenesis served to guide the research. The concepts also helped to explain many behaviors and observations that were made of the informants throughout the research. An ethnographic approach using participant observation and ethnographic interviews was used to collect data from 16 pregnant, unmarried, teenaged girls in a large Southwestern, urban area. The informants ranged in age from 14 through 19 years and represented various backgrounds. Nine informants resided in a home for unwed, pregnant teenagers with the remainder residing in diverse locations. Data analyses occurred concurrently with data collection as part of an ongoing process. Data were ordered and transcribed within a framework designed to enhance thematic analysis. Transcribed interview and observational data were transferred onto the Ethnograph, a data-management software program. Data were coded using substantive and conceptual codes. Codes were linked according to patterns of association and frequency of occurrence which in turn led to the revealing of recurrent thematic patterns. In all, eight themes were revealed: (1) pregnancy is bad; (2) loneliness; (3) waiting it out; (4) dependency; (5) looking bad; (6) giving up baby; (7) losing what was; and (8) losing control. Thematic content also disclosed many inconsistencies and double-binds between the larger Western macroculture and adolescent subculture. Ethnographic themes and expressions of these themes provided new information for constructing health-related interventions with pregnant teens.

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6

Calvert, William Emory. "Vietnam veteran levels of combat : perceived and actual violence". Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/472674.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate if a relationship exists between levels of combat experienced by Vietnam veterans and later perceptions of violence, violent attitudes, and violent participants: heavy combat Vietnam veterans; light combat Vietnam veterans; Vietnam era veterans; and non-veteran (civilian) friends of Vietnam veterans.Calvert's Brief Demographic Questionnaire (BDQ), Part 2, checked pre-military predisposition toward having later problems; Figley's Combat Experience Questionnaire (CEO) divided Vietnam combat veterans into heavy and light categories; Wilson's Vietnam Veteran Scenario and Questionnaire examined perceptions of violence by Vietnam veterans; Bardis' A Violence Scale investigated violent attitudes; and Straus' Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales (adapted) measured behavioral violence. The .05 level of statistical significance was used.Findings1. None of the four groups were predisposed to having later problems as measured by Calvert's BDO, Part 2.2. There were no significant differences among groups in perceiving the Vietnam veteran in Wilson's Scenario as being violent.3. Bardis' scale indicated no group differences in terms of having violent attitudes.4. Vietnam combat veterans did not score significantly higher on a majority <6 of 10) of CT Scale items measuring violent behavior.Conclusions1. Based upon the results of this study, any problems Vietnam combat veterans might have with violence seem unrelated to their pre-military experiences. Also, their experiences in Vietnam may or may not be related to later violent behavior.2. Previous combat may lower the threshold in perceiving violence.3. Levels of combat appear to be unrelated to later violent attitudes.4. Neither heavy nor light combat Vietnam veterans appear to engage in violent behavior more than their peers.Recommendations1. Future studies should continue to utilize Figley's Combat Experience Scale and Straus' Conflict Tactics Scales (adapted) as standard tools in Vietnam veteran research.2. Future research should include a check of pre-military predisposition.3. It is recommended that future research utilize a larger Vietnam veteran sample to see: (1) if heavy combat veterans will then score significantly higher on a behavioral violence measure; and (2) if Vietnam era veterans will outscore light combat vets, and, if so, why?

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7

Powell, Tyrone. "Dysfunctional marital beliefs and marital satisfaction : a multicultural analysis". Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/955850.

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One hundred twenty African-American and Euro-American married individuals were asked to complete inventories measuring marital distress, dysfunctional beliefs about marital relationships, and socioeconomic status (SES). It was hypothesized there would be a negative relationship between the dysfunctional beliefs that married individuals held and their level of marital satisfaction; there would be no significant difference between the dysfunctional beliefs that married individuals held across gender and race; and finally, the dysfunctional beliefs of married individuals would provide a better prediction of marital satisfaction than SES, gender, age, or race.Results indicate that Disagreement is destructive (D), Mindreading is expected (M), Partners cannot change (C), Sexual perfectionism is a must (S), and The sexes are dramatically different (MF) each obtained a statistically significant negative association with marital satisfaction. Examining the relationship between gender and marital satisfaction, males reported higher levels of marital satisfaction than females. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were obtained for gender but not for race when considering all five dysfunctional marital beliefs simultaneously. Finally, the various factors considered in this study accounted for 30% of the variance in marital satisfaction.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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8

Temple, Jeff R. "Effects of Partner Violence and Psychological Abuse on Women's Mental Health Over Time". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5340/.

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This study examined the distinct effects of partner violence and psychological abuse on women's mental health over time. Latent growth modeling was used to examine stability and change over time, evaluating the course and consequences of each form of abuse. The size of women's social support network was examined as a mediator. The sample consisted of 835 African American, Euro-American, and Mexican American low-income women. Participants who completed Waves 1, 2, 3, and 5 were included in the study (n = 585). In general, partner violence decreased over time for all groups, while psychological abuse decreased over time for only Euro-American women. Whereas initial and prolonged exposure to psychological abuse was related to and directly impacted women's mental health, partner violence was only related to initial levels of mental health. Surprisingly, social support was only related to initial violence and distress and had no impact on the rate of change over time. These results have important implications for researchers and health care professionals. First, differences in the pattern of results were found for each ethnic group, reaffirming the notion that counselors and researchers must be sensitive to multicultural concerns in both assessment and intervention. For example, psychological abuse had a greater impact on the mental health of African American and Mexican American women than it did for Euro-American women, suggesting a shift in focus depending on the ethnicity of the client may be warranted. Second, this longitudinal study highlights the importance of future research to considerer individual differences in treating and studying victimized women. Understanding factors that contribute to individual trajectories will help counselors gain insight into the problem and in devising plans to prevent or reduce the occurrence and negative health impact of partner abuse.

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9

Kerley, Eric Scott. "All stripped down : Iconography in the American Mini-Mall". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22722.

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Lehrman, Ela-Joy. "A theoretical framework for nurse-midwifery practice". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184546.

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The purpose of this research was to test the predicted relationships among a component of nurse-midwifery care, psychosocial health outcomes and other maternal psychosocial variables. The theoretical framework for the research was the Intrapartum Care Level of the Nurse-Midwifery Practice Model, a middle range theory. Previous nurse-midwifery research had been based on theories and models not specific to nurse-midwifery practice. A nonexperimental, correlational design was used, with measures in the last trimester of pregnancy and the first month following birth. The psychosocial variables measured were prenatal care satisfaction, personable environment, positive presence, labor support, transcendence, labor satisfaction and enhanced self-concept. Purposive sampling was used at a birth center in a Southwestern city where women received nurse-midwifery care for pregnancy, labor and birth. The sample of 89 women consisted of 35 primiparas and 54 multiparas, with a mean age of 29 years; 46.1% gave birth at the birth center and 53.9% gave birth at a local hospital. The primary instruments for the research included the Prenatal Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Attitude Toward Issues in Choice of Childbirth Scale, the Positive Presence Index, the Labor and Birth Support Inventory, the Coping in Labor and Delivery Scale, the Labor and Delivery Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Self-Confidence Scale of the Adjective Check List. The secondary instruments, used for the evaluation of construct validity, included the Positive Presence Index - Alternate Format, the Labor and Birth Coping Index, the Labor and Birth Satisfaction Index, and the Self-Concept Index - Alternate Format. Acceptable levels of reliability and validity were obtained for the instruments. The predicted relationships from the Model were tested with causal analysis using multiple regression and residual analysis. The empirical rather than the theoretical model was supported by the data. Prenatal care satisfaction, personable environment, positive presence and transcendence explained 66% of the variance in labor satisfaction, with an additional 2% explained variance with the addition of the situational variable of consultation. Positive presence had the greatest direct effect (B =.70) and also explained 5% of the variance in enhanced self-concept. The empirically significant relationships were clinically relevant.

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Libros sobre el tema "Voting – United States – Psychological aspects"

1

D, Johnston Christopher y Steenbergen Marco R, eds. The ambivalent partisan: How critical loyalty promotes democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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2

Westen, Drew. The political brain: The role of emotion in deciding the fate of the nation. New York: PublicAffairs, 2008.

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3

Davis, Robert Eugene. Summer weather and employee absenteeism in six United States cities. Elmer, N.J: C.W. Thornthwaite Associates, Laboratory of Climatology, 1988.

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Race in the mind of America: Breaking the vicious circle between Blacks and whites. New York: Routledge, 1999.

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Wilson, George B. Where do we belong?: United States Jesuits and their memberships. St. Louis, Mo: The Seminar on Jesuit Spirituality, 1989.

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Origins of containment: A psychological explanation. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1985.

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The United States of anger: The people and the American dream. London: Penguin, 1998.

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Hill, M. Anne. Underclass behaviors in the United States: Measurement and analysis of determinants. [New York, N.Y.]: Center for the Study of Business and Government, Baruch College, City University of New York, 1993.

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Journeys of undocumented Honduran migrants to the United States. El Paso, Tex: LFB Scholarly Pub., 2010.

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Maguire, Lambert. Economic change and social/psychological responses among youth in the United States and Ireland. [Pittsburgh?]: s.n., 1990.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Voting – United States – Psychological aspects"

1

Lanning, Kevin. "Democracy, Voting, and Disenfranchisement in the United States: A Social Psychological Perspective". En Democracy and Disenfranchisement, 431–46. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444307337.ch1.

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Thompson, Amy S., Liss Kerstin Sylvén, Yao Liu y Fahad Alharbi. "Psychological Aspects of Self Across Contexts: A Comparison of China, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Turkey, and the United States". En Second Language Learning and Teaching, 23–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75726-7_2.

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Ghaemi, S. Nassir. "Cultural Aspects of Psychopharmacology". En Clinical Psychopharmacology, editado por S. Nassir Ghaemi, 387–91. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199995486.003.0034.

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The practice of psychopharmacology is influenced by cultural factors, including a tendency in the United States for patients and doctors to want to receive pills for symptoms. This therapeutic activism dates back centuries, and it has influenced aggressive treatments in the past such as bleeding the patient. The proponents of DSM-III sought to make psychiatry more empirical, and much of this drive came from the need to diagnose entities that could be treated with the newly emerging psychotropic drugs. In retrospect, it could be concluded that what happened was that the DSM-III–oriented practitioners implemented an American pragmatic attitude to psychiatry that has tended toward both polynosology and polypharmacy. The spirit of pragmatism still lives in the world of contemporary psychiatry. A debate still exists culturally between caution and liberality in the use of medication, for psychological states in particular.

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Stores, Gregory. "Basic aspects of sleep–wake disorders". En New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 924–33. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0117.

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A sound working knowledge of the diagnosis, significance, and treatment of sleep disorders is essential in all branches of clinical psychiatry. Unfortunately, however, psychiatrists and psychologists share with other specialties and disciplines an apparently universal neglect of sleep and its disorders in their training. Surveys in the United States and Europe point to the consistently meagre coverage of these topics in their courses at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The following account is an introductory overview of normal sleep, the effects of sleep disturbance, sleep disorders and the risk of failure to recognize them in psychiatric practice, assessment of sleep disturbance, and the various forms of treatment that are available. The aim is to provide a background for the other chapters in this section. The close links between the field of sleep disorders and psychiatry which make it essential that psychiatrists are familiar with the field are as follows: ♦ Sleep disturbance is an almost invariable feature and complication of psychiatric disorders from childhood to old age, with the risk of further reducing the individual's capacity to cope with their difficulties (see Table 4.14.1.3 for further details). ♦ Sleep disturbance can presage psychiatric disorder. ♦ Some psychotropic medications produce significant sleep disturbance. ♦ Of importance to liason psychiatry is the fact that many general medical or paediatric disorders disturb sleep sufficiently to contribute to psychological or psychiatric problems. ♦ Because of lack of familiarity with sleep disorders and their various manifestations, such disorders may well be misinterpreted as primary psychiatric disorders (or, indeed, other clinical conditions) with the result that effective treatments for the sleep disorder are unwittingly withheld (see later). Some of these points will be amplified in later sections of this chapter.

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Cecil, Alec. "Delivering Mental Health Assistance in the Wake of Natural and Manmade Disasters". En Bringing Psychotherapy to the Underserved, editado por Jeffrey Zimmerman, Jeffrey E. Barnett y Linda F. Campbell, 46–66. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190912727.003.0003.

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Disasters, both natural and manmade, seem to be occurring with increasing frequency in the United States and around the world. A single incident may affect many thousands of people. Collectively, many millions feel the impact of disaster every year. Addressing the psychological elements of such events has become recognized as a vital component of preparation, immediate response, and long-term recovery. This chapter reviews the major psychological aspects of disasters and disaster mental health (DMH) and highlights the importance of psychosocial assistance to survivors, responders, and others. DMH is designed to comfort and stabilize those affected, to promote effective coping, and to help maintain and restore inherent functioning. Factors that inhibit greater provision and utilization of these services are discussed, as is the importance of responding appropriately within the cultural environment of affected populations.

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Ergas, Christina. "Introduction". En Surviving Collapse, 1–20. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197544099.003.0001.

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The introduction makes the case for why it is important to envision alternatives to current socioecological practices, for both psychological as well as social movement reasons. Mounting evidence suggests that many converging environmental crises are caused by unequal social structures, thus social scientists have insights into how inequalities shape environmental problems and what can be done to solve them. This book explores two holistic examples of socioecological sustainability: an urban ecovillage in the United States and an urban farm in Cuba. It argues that alternative visions and solutions must be holistic, attending to the social and ecological aspects of sustainability. With these insights, communities can develop a vision that will help them move beyond debilitating fear and denial toward a just transition to a new economy.

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Ghaemi, S. Nassir. "The Placebo Effect". En Clinical Psychopharmacology, editado por S. Nassir Ghaemi, 422–28. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199995486.003.0040.

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Until the 1960s, physicians in the United States could legally prescribe “placebo” on a prescription pad and handed to a patient. It was not unethical to do so. Placebo had long been known to be an effective treatment for various medical conditions. For millennia, physicians new that many of their treatments were ineffective and that many conditions could not be treated. Instead of giving treatments that have some pharmacological properties, which meant they would have some side effects and be harmful in some way, it was viewed as more ethical to give an inert pill, a placebo, which would cause no direct pharmacological harm. The view was that the patient might get some psychological benefit from the apparent treatment. The placebo response involves two major aspects: natural history and psychological expectation. Too much attention is given to the latter and not enough to the former. Clinicians see patients improve, as in acute depressive episodes, due to natural history, but they attribute such benefit to the drugs they use, or their psychotherapeutic relationship. Often Nature deserves the credit, and clinicians need to pay more attention to the natural course of psychiatric illnesses.

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8

Halkitis, Perry N. "Conclusion". En Out in Time, 165–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686604.003.0010.

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The lives of gay men in the United States across time and generations are shaped by numerous burdens predicated on the challenge of coming out, a condition that permeates their lifetimes. After first realizing that they are gay, most spend much of their lives seeking the full integration of their gay identity with other aspects of their lives. These conditions create psychosocial burdens in the lives of gay men, which often engender risk and diminish health. Despite these life circumstances, which are rooted in the homophobia of American society, many gay men embody enormous grit and resilience, and their lives are indicative of both pride and dignity. While these psychological processes associated with coming out are somewhat consistent across the Stonewall, AIDS, and Queer generations, the advance in the civil rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people have resulted in lives somewhat less burdened.

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9

Li, Rui, Jennifer Bunk y Esther Smidt. "Understanding Faculty and Student Attitudes about Distance Education". En Handbook of Research on Humanizing the Distance Learning Experience, 410–34. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0968-4.ch018.

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The purpose of this chapter is to further understand faculty and student attitudes about distance education by exploring the psychological processes through which these attitudes are influenced. The authors explored whether feelings of excitement or fear mediate and/or moderate the relationships between experiences with distance education and various faculty and student attitudes. Survey data from 152 faculty and 1,400 students from a mid-sized United States public university were collected. The results of multiple regression analyses revealed support for both mediation and moderation in both samples. Thus, feelings of excitement/fear play a large role in explaining both why and to what degree experiences with distance education relate to attitudes. The authors suggest that consistent communication about the positive aspects of distance education that instill a sense of excitement among campus communities may be helpful in shaping more positive attitudes about online learning.

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10

Schweid, Richard. "Home Care for Sale". En The Caring Class, 48–76. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754104.003.0004.

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This chapter begins by assessing the psychological and emotional demands of home care work. It then explains how home care, like other aspects of health care in the United States, is a marketplace commodity. Because need is so great, this commodification of home health care has proved tremendously profitable to the agencies serving as middlemen. In theory, these agencies impose a certain quality control, carefully screening and training the aides they send out to work. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Those agencies that work on a strictly private-pay basis and do not accept Medicaid clients are not subject to the federal regulations and are not legally required to provide aides with any training whatsoever. Moreover, the high cost of using agencies has generated a vast gray market for aides who work freelance and privately, without working for an agency or under any supervision other than that of the client and the client's family.

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