Literatura académica sobre el tema "War – Causes"

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "War – Causes"

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TRAWNY, PETER. "CAUSES OF WAR". HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 11, n.º 1 (2022): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-441-454.

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Since the beginning of its history philosophy deals with the question for the meaning of war. This question, however, was always understood as the question for the causes of war: Why is there war? Where does it come from? The article presupposes that only this question and the attempts to respond to it can shed light onto the interpretation of the historical reality of war, which is finally the only reason to reflect on its causation. The article refers to a set of notions and texts, which belong to a discourse on war unfolding through the centuries of European thinking. These notions are: contradictions (Heraclitus), body (Plato), justice (nature) (Cicero), nature (Hobbes), right (Hegel), politics (Clausewitz), and morals (C. Schmitt). Even if this sequence is only one possible sequence of the philosophical reflection on warfare, I consider it to be one of greater importance. We see, how a plurality of causes creates a context, in which we could try to analyze actual events: For it is evident that no war has only one reason. And the article has finally one other intention, namely to show that probably every possible sequence of causes of war will have the same consequence. This con-sequence will be the final destruction of the world, the coming of the ash.
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Strouts, E. A. "Causes of war". Medicine and War 4, n.º 1 (enero de 1988): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07488008808408790.

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Schake, Kori. "What Causes War?" Orbis 61, n.º 4 (2017): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2017.08.002.

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Russell, Bertrand. "Causes of War". Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies 43, n.º 1 (junio de 2023): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rss.2023.a904088.

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Keeney, W. "The Causes of War". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 19, n.º 8 (junio de 1986): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034915-2.50008-1.

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Cunliffe, Philip. "The causes of war". Acta Politica 45, n.º 4 (6 de noviembre de 2010): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ap.2010.20.

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Matanle, Emma. "Just war: principles and causes". International Affairs 73, n.º 2 (abril de 1997): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623837.

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Holsti, K. J. "On the causes of war". International Affairs 72, n.º 4 (octubre de 1996): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2624139.

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RINGMAR, ERIK. "On the Causes of War". Cooperation and Conflict 32, n.º 2 (junio de 1997): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836797032002005.

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Jorgensen, Knud Eric y Hidemi Suganami. "On the Causes of War". International Journal 52, n.º 1 (1996): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203186.

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Tesis sobre el tema "War – Causes"

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Quek, Ch-yuan Kaiy. "Rationalist causes of war : mechanisms, experiments, and East Asian wars". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84849.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation specifies and tests rationalist mechanisms of war. Why would rational states fight each other despite their incentives for peaceful bargains that would avoid the costs of war? In the rationalist theory of war, private information and the commitment problem are the key causes of war. I study the effects of these factors - and the mechanisms regulating their effects - through randomized experiments, historical analysis of the decision processes in three wars, and a comparative study of all international wars fought in East Asia in the last century. This is the first integrated study of rationalist causes of war that combines randomized experiments with historical cases. Despite a wide theoretical literature, there are few empirical tests of rationalist explanations for war. I use experimental and historical evidence to show that the commitment problem has strong positive effects on conflict. The effects of private information are less clear. Next, I specify six mechanisms that regulate the effects of the commitment problem and the private-information problem: three mechanisms (exogenous, endogenous, and inadvertent enforcement) for the first problem and three mechanisms (signaling with sunk cost, implementation cost, and salient contradiction) for the second. The experimental and historical evidence largely converge. Each of the three enforcement mechanisms calms the commitment problem and reduces the risk of conflict. Evidence for the three signaling mechanisms is mixed. Finally, I use the case universe of East Asian wars to assess the relevance of the mechanisms, suggest theoretical refinements, and infer alternative theories of war.
by Ch-yuan Kaiy Quek.
Ph.D.
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McGregor, C. D. "The 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War : causes, course and consequences". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317747.

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Genet, Terry Nathar. "Resolution or Recess? An Empirical Analysis of the Causes of Recurring Civil War". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science and Communication, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/990.

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One of the most concerning trends associated with the ongoing problem of civil wars is that conflicts often flare-up a short period after they appeared to have ended. While significant progress has been made in the study of post-civil war peace building and the causes of civil wars, the tendency for civil wars to recur is one factor which has been largely overlooked. This thesis addresses this shortcoming by analysing the causes of recurring civil war using statistical methods. Relevant civil war research was consulted and hypotheses pertaining to the variables which might influence civil war recurrence were formulated. These factors are organised in a contingency framework which suggests that conflict recurrence is dependent on both pre- and post-conflict environments as well as factors associated with how the original conflict was fought. The Uppsala Conflict Data Program/Centre for the Study of Civil War Armed Conflict Dataset was used to produce a dataset of 238 civil wars which were fought between 1946 and 2004. Additional data pertaining to specific hypotheses was collected from a range of other sources. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the strength and direction of relationships between different variables and civil war recurrence. Several factors were found to have a significant relationship with civil war recurrence: ethnic diversity, conflicts which were fought over territorial issues and conflicts which were not ended by military victory, particularly those which ended as a result of low or no fatalities. These findings are discussed with reference to improving civil war management and policy recommendations are presented.
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Turner, Duilia Mora. "Violent crime in post-civil war Guatemala: causes and policy implications". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45266.

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Guatemala is one of the most violent countries in Latin America, and thus the world. The primary purpose of this thesis is to answer the following question: what factors explain the rise of violent crime in post-civil war Guatemala? The secondary focus of this thesis is to identify the transnational implications of Guatemala’s violence for U.S. policy. Guatemala’s critical security environment requires the identification of causal relationships and potential corrective actions. This thesis hypothesizes that the causes of violent crime in post-conflict Guatemala are the combination of weak institutional performance and social factors. Determining that Guatemala is not a consolidated democracy, this thesis concludes that a flawed judicial system, inadequate police reform, and weak civil control over the armed forces have a direct causal effect on violent crime in Guatemala. Furthermore, an analysis of social factors demonstrates that these are not causal in nature but rather influential elements in the occurrence of violence.
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Cochrane, Iain. "Sowing the seeds : the causes of the Bangladesh war of 1971". Thesis, University of London, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529472.

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Rios, Contreras Viridiana. "How Government Structure Encourages Criminal Violence: The causes of Mexico's Drug War". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10752.

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Ladinsky, Jonathan E. (Jonathan Evan). "Things fall apart : the disintegration of empire and the causes of war". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8758.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 391-413).
This dissertation argues that the disintegration and collapse of empires cause wars and crises by creating some of the conditions and causes of war commonly identified by scholars. When empires disintegrate and collapse, the metropole withdraws its power from its peripheral territories and newly independent successor states emerge. This new situation gives rise to several problems: a power vacuum develops forcing successor states to provide for their own security and leading them and other states to try to fill the vacuum; successor states engage in state-building, which occurs at different rates for different states; ethnic groups are divided from their homelands; multi-ethnic states are created; and, territorial borders become issues of dispute. As a result of these problems,. five causes of war develop, which can lead to wars an crises. International rules of the game become unsettled and ambiguous because a new balance of power develops and new issues of international concern arise. Power shifts as successor states build institutions for self-rule, and alliances form and collapse in response to the ever changing situation. Third, the new situation that occurs as the empire disintegrates increases uncertainty about the capabilities of the successor states, about the alliances that exist, and about the intentions of states, making it difficult to determine the new balance of power and the intentions of other states. Fourth, nationalism grows as states seek to unite with their diaspora and protect them from the discrimination of the multi-ethnic state's government. Fifth, competition for leadership in successor states cause leaders to have a weak hold on power. To test this argument, I look at the seven wars and two crises that occurred when the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans disintegrated in the nineteenth century. This study serve three purposes. First, it studies the causes of war that result from the disintegration and collapse of empires. Second, and more relevant for today's policy-makers, this study can help us understand the consequences of the disintegration of multi-ethnic states and, in the process, provide guidance for policy-makers. Third, this dissertation tests several hypotheses about the causes of war.
by Jonathan E. Ladinsky.
Ph.D.
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Pettersson, Heidi Elisabeth. "Intractability of conflict : causes, drivers and dynamics of the war in Somalia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6568.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Somalia has experienced constant instability and conflict for nearly two decades. With a collapsed state, widespread violence and criminal activity, as well as continued disagreement between warring factions, the prospect of peace seems bleak. The purpose and rationale of this research has been to critically examine root causes and perpetuating factors of the protracted war in Somalia in order to arrive at a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the intractability of this conflict. This study aims to fill a gap in the literature by pointing to some elements which have previously been overlooked in existing research on the topic, especially the impact of the war economy on the fuelling of the conflict. While the thesis first and foremost set out to identify factors which contribute to the intractability of conflict in Somalia, a thorough conceptualisation of relevant theory and a historical overview of the case study were provided as a point of departure. An analysis then followed which tied theory to empirical data. According to my analysis, the most significant internal factors contributing to intractability of conflict in Somalia were the long absence of a central governing authority, the low level of economic development, the role of Islam, as well as particular choices made by the parties to the conflict. Relational factors which are crucial are the similar military strength of the opposing sides, their lack of cooperation, and their different views regarding the country’s law and governance. Finally, external factors were deemed to have had a particularly strong effect on the long war. Ethiopia’s constant meddling; Eritrea’s support of al-Shabaab; the UN’s and the AU’s various missions; as well as the presence of a plethora of humanitarian aid agencies have shaped the conflict throughout its course. The conclusion was drawn that the war economy had the greatest impact on conflict in the first rounds of the civil war, but with the transformation, re-escalation and re-intensification of the conflict that has occurred over the last couple of years, the opportunities for benefiting from war and instability may again have increased. Piracy stands out as a new, prominent pillar of the contemporary war economy. The war economy of today continues to have an influence on the Somali conflict; it adds to its intractability, makes it increasingly difficult to establish a legitimate and stable non-corrupt government, and generally sustains violence in the country. I suggest that further research be undertaken on the topic of state collapse in Somalia, as it is clear that the long absence of a central government is a factor which has had a significant impact on the prolongation of conflict. In addition, as accurate data on the current war economy is rare, I recommend that field research should be conducted in Somalia to gain a more precise understanding of shadowy economic activities and their linkages to conflict.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Somalië beleef vir byna twee dekades konstante onstabiliteit en konflik. Met wydverspreide geweld, kriminele aktiwiteite, voortgesette verskille tussen strydende faksies en die verbrokkeling van die Somaliese staat, lyk die vooruitsig vir vrede in die land onwaarskynlik. Die doel en rasionaal van hierdie navorsing is om krities te ondersoek wat die grondoorsake en verewigings faktore is, van die uitgerekte oorlog in Somalië. Die navoring meen dus, om 'n omvattende ontleding te gee van die redes vir die hardnekkigheid van konflik in die land. Die studie poog ook om 'n gaping in die literatuur te vul deur te wysig op kritiese elemente wat nalatig was in bestaande navorsing en meer fokus te gee aan die impak van die oorlogsekonomie wat konflik in Somalië aanspoor. Alhoewel die proefskrif hoofsaaklik poog om die faktore wat bydra tot die hardnekkigheid van konflik in Somalië te bestudeer, word 'n deeglike begrip van die toepaslike teorie en 'n historiese oorsig van die studie voorsien as die vertrekpunt van die navorsing. Dit word dan opgevolg deur ‘n analise, wat die teorie bind aan empiriese data. Volgens my analise is die belangrikste interne faktore wat bydra tot die hardnekkigheid van konflik in Somalië; die lang afwesigheid van 'n sentrale beherende gesag, die lae vlak van ekonomiese ontwikkeling, die invloed van Islam, sowel as unieke keuse van partye tot die konflik. Relevante faktore wat noodsaaklik is, is die soortgelyke militêre krag van die opponerende kante, die gebrek aan samewerking, en hul teenstrydige standpunte oor die land se wet en bestuur. Laastens is daar gevind dat eksterne faktore 'n besonder sterk invloed gehad het op die langdurigheid van die oorlog. Ethiopië se konstante inmenging, Eritrea se ondersteuning van al-Shabaab, die VN en AU se verskeie misies, asook die teenwoordigheid van 'n oorvloed van humanitêre hulpagentskappe het deel gehad in die formulering van konflik oor tyd. Die gevolgtrekking was dat die oorlogsekonomie die grootste impak gehad het op die konflik in die eerste rondtes van die burgeroorlog, maar met die transformasie-, her-eskalasie en reintensivering van die konflik oor die afgelope paar jaar, is daar weereens ‘n styging in die geleenthede vir individue om te baat uit die onstabiliteit en oorlog. Seerowery staan uit as 'n nuwe, prominente pilaar van die huidige oorlogsekonomie. Die huidige oorlogsekonomie het nog steeds 'n invloed op die Somaliese konflik, dit dra by tot sy hardnekkigheid, maak dit toenemend moeilik om ‘n wettige en stabiele onkorrupte regering te stig en dit fasiliteer die voortduur van geweld in die land. Ek stel voor dat verdere navorsing onderneem word oor die onderwerp van die ineenstorting van die staat in Somalië. Dit is duidelik dat die lang afwesigheid van 'n sentrale regering 'n beduidende faktor is, wat ‘n impak op die verlenging van konflik het. Verder, omdat akkurate data oor die huidige oorlogsekonomie so skaars is, beveel ek aan dat verdere navorsing gedoen moet word om ‘n meer akkurate begrip van donker ekonomiese aktiwiteite in Somalië te kry en hul impak op konflik.
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Carr, Simon David. "Orthopaedic Impairment in Inter-War Glasgow : Causes, Extent and the City's Response". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.688272.

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Tate, Michael Joseph. "The Causes of the American Civil War: Trends in Historical Interpretation, 1950-1976". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500242/.

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This thesis examines the trends in historical interpretation concerning the coming of the American Civil War. The main body of works examined were written between 1950 and 1976, beginning with Allan Nevins' Ordeal of the Union and concluding with David M. Potter's The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861. It also includes a brief survey of some works written after 1976. The main source for discovering the materials included were the bibliographies of both monographs and general histories published during and after the period 1950-1976. Also, perusal of the contents and book review sections of scholarly journals, in particular the Journal of Southern History and Civil War History, was helpful in discovering sources and placing works in a time chronology for the thesis narrative.
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Libros sobre el tema "War – Causes"

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Levy, Jack S. Causes of War. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Levy, Jack S. Causes of war. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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Levy, Jack S. Causes of war. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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R, Thompson William, ed. Causes of war. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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Blainey, Geoffrey. The Causes of War. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19395-0.

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Blainey, Geoffrey. The causes of war. 3a ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988.

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Andregg, Michael. On the causes of war. 2a ed. Minneapolis, MN: Ground Zero Minnesota, 2007.

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Ziff, John. Causes of World War I. Stockton NJ: OTTN Pub., 2005.

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Gallagher, Jim. Causes of the Iraq war. Stockton NJ: OTTN Publishing, 2005.

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Corrigan, Jim. Causes of World War II. Stockton, NJ: OTTN Pub., 2005.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "War – Causes"

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Blainey, Geoffrey. "Australia’s Pacific War". En The Causes of War, 243–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19395-0_16.

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Anderson, David L. "Causes: Colonialism and Containment". En The Vietnam War, 1–20. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80181-3_1.

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Grieco, Joseph, G. John Ikenberry y Michael Mastanduno. "War and Its Causes". En Introduction To International Relations, 194–235. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-352-00423-6_6.

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Grieco, Joseph, G. John Ikenberry y Michael Mastanduno. "War and Its Causes". En Introduction to International Relations, 138–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-37883-5_5.

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Blainey, Geoffrey. "War, Peace and Neutrality". En The Causes of War, 291–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19395-0_18.

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Blainey, Geoffrey. "A Calendar of War". En The Causes of War, 97–107. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19395-0_7.

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Blainey, Geoffrey. "War as an Accident". En The Causes of War, 127–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19395-0_9.

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Blainey, Geoffrey. "War Chests and Pulse Beats". En The Causes of War, 87–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19395-0_6.

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Blainey, Geoffrey. "The Peace that Passeth Understanding". En The Causes of War, 3–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19395-0_1.

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Blainey, Geoffrey. "Aims and Arms". En The Causes of War, 146–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19395-0_10.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "War – Causes"

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Shkarubo, S. N. "Causes and Consequences for Russia of the First World War". En International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.469.

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DÍEZ-NICOLÁS, JUAN. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF TERRORISM". En Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 29th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704184_0011.

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Jiang, Yuchen. "A Study of the Causes of the U.S.-China Trade War". En 2020 3rd International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201214.662.

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Wang, Peizhi, Shuqing Pang y Gang Li. "An analysis of the causes of the Sino-US trade war". En Proceedings of the 2019 4th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icfied-19.2019.65.

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MÜLLER-SEEDORF, WOLFGANG. "ASYMMETRIC CHALLENGES OF THE 21st CENTURY – CAUSES AND EFFECTS". En Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 29th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704184_0006.

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BOESCH, DONALD F. "CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF NUTRIENT OVERENRICHMENT OF COASTAL WATERS". En Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 26th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776945_0017.

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Jamaluddine, Z., Z. Chen, H. Abukmail, S. Aly, S. Elnakib, G. Barnsley, F. Majorin et al. "War in Gaza: scenario-based excess mortality projections". En MSF Scientific Days International 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/8cchxf.

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INTRODUCTION Since 7 October 2023, large-scale military operations in the Gaza Strip have resulted in an escalating public health crisis. Residents of Gaza are mostly displaced from their homes and living in overcrowded conditions with insufficient access to water, sanitation, and food, and health services have been considerably disrupted. To inform humanitarian and decision-making efforts, we aimed to estimate the project excess mortality from traumatic injuries, infectious diseases, maternal and newborn complications, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) under different future scenarios. METHODS We used five different models to project excess deaths from February to August 2024, considering three scenarios: (1) an immediate and permanent ceasefire; (2) the status quo, reflecting conditions from mid-October 2023 to mid-January 2024; and (3) a further escalation of the conflict. Using publicly available data and expert consultations, our analysis projected excess deaths resulting under each scenario. A model was developed to determine increased malnutrition (as an underlying cause). RESULTS Without epidemics, the ceasefire scenario would result in 6550 excess deaths, rising to 58,260 under the status quo, and 74,290 under escalation. With epidemics, these projections rise to 11,580, 66,720, and 85,750, respectively. Under the ceasefire scenario, infectious diseases would be the main cause of excess deaths (1,520 excess deaths without epidemics and 6,550 with epidemics). Traumatic injuries followed by infectious diseases would be the main causes of excess deaths in both the status quo (53,450 due to traumatic injuries; 2,120 due to infectious diseases without epidemics and 10,590 including epidemics) and escalation scenarios (68,650 due to traumatic injuries; 2,720 due to infectious diseases without epidemics and 14,180 with epidemics). Our projections indicate that, even in the best-case ceasefire scenario, thousands of excess deaths would continue to occur, mainly due to the time it would take to improve water, sanitation, shelter conditions, and malnutrition, and restore functioning healthcare services in Gaza. While the total number of estimated excess deaths from maternal and neonatal causes are relatively small (100–330 excess deaths), every loss of a mother has severe consequences for family health and wellbeing. NCDs are projected to cause more deaths (1,680 (ceasefire) –2,680 (escalation) excess deaths) due to a heavily disrupted specialised health services and impeded access to treatment and medications. CONCLUSION These projections underscore the critical and urgent need for an immediate ceasefire to mitigate the alarming excess mortality in Gaza. The severity of the ceasefire scenario cannot be understated, with over 6–11 thousand excess deaths projected. Decision-makers must act swiftly to prevent further loss of life and address the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza.
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Сергеев, Е. Ю. "War Scare in Soviet-British Relations of 1923". En Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.026.

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Феномен так называемых «военных тревог» в отношениях между Россией (СССР) и Великобританией исследован недостаточно. Между тем периоды обострения напряженности и шаги, которые предпринимали обе державы для ее смягчения с целью избежать прямого вооруженного противостояния, оказывали заметное влияние на характер и динамику развития двусторонних контактов в политической, экономической и социокультурной сферах последней трети XIX – первой четверти ХХ в. Статья раскрывает важнейшие особенности «военной тревоги» мая 1923 г., которая была вызвана жесткой дипломатической нотой министра иностранных дел лорда Дж. Н. Кёрзона, фактически временно исполнявшего обязанности главы Кабинета, в адрес советского правительства на фоне обострения ситуации как в Европе (Рурский кризис), так и на Ближнем Востоке (турецкий вопрос). Автор анализирует причины возникновения конфликта, его этапы и последствия, а также оценки, которые он получил в отечественной и зарубежной историографии. Статья написана на основе документов из российских и британских архивов с привлечением свидетельств современников, материалов прессы и парламентских дебатов. The phenomemon of the so-called “war scare” in the relationship between Russia (the USSR) and Great Britain has not been sufficiently studied. Meanwhile the period of exacerbation of international tension as well as steps taken by both powers to mitigate it in order to avoid direct armed confrontation had a noticeable impact on the nature and dynamics of the bilateral links in the political, economic and socio-cultural spheres of the last third of the nineteenth – early quarter of the twentieth century. The paper reveals some important features of the 1923 “war scare”, which was caused by a sturdy diplomatic note addressed to the Soviet government on behalf of the British Foreign Secretary Lord G. N. Curzon, the acting head of the Cabinet, against the background of the aggravation of international situation both in Europe (the Ruhr crisis) and in the Near East (the Turkish problem). The author analyzes the causes of the conflict, its stages and consequences, together with the assessments that it received in Russian and foreign scholarship. The study is based on Russian and British archival documents with the stipulation of contemporaries’ evidences, press materials and parliamentary debates.
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Razinkov, M. "THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR IN THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION (1920-s – 1970-s)". En EXPONENTS OF SOCIAL AGGRESSION: GENERAL HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSES. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/esaghd2022_18-22.

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Despite the fact that the study of the civil war was the most important area of interest for Soviet historical science, the causes of the civil war in the Black Earth region were insufficiently understood. The main provisions on the causes of the war were formulated as early as the 1920s-1930s and did not develop further. The content of the civil confrontation in the Black Earth region was considered the class struggle against the kulaks, who found political and military-organizational support from the Socialist-Revolutionaries of all shades, the Mensheviks, as well as officers and non-commissioned officers who spoke out in defense of their land ownership and against the food policy of the Soviet government. At the same time, the position that the internal war, due to local, regional reasons, in the Black Earth region began only in 1920-1921 also turned out to be unreflected.
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"What Is the Nature and Causes of the Sino-US Trade War: A Summary of the Views of Chinese Scholars". En 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Social Phenomena. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001120.

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Informes sobre el tema "War – Causes"

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Belanger, Jeffrey A. Causes of the Vietnam War: An Academic Look at Wilsoniasm and Cold War Effects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, abril de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388778.

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Rohwerder, Brigitte. Lessons from Post-war Reconstruction Programmes. Institute of Development Studies, enero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.013.

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This rapid evidence review explores lessons learned from post-war reconstruction programs, focusing on case studies from Lebanon, Afghanistan, Iraq, and the Gaza Strip, with an emphasis on the Middle East and North Africa region. It underscores the complexities of reconstruction, highlighting challenges such as political involvement, inadequate engagement with affected individuals, and insufficient international assistance. Key lessons include prioritising local involvement, building consensus on reconstruction priorities, ensuring transparency and accountability, and addressing underlying conflict causes. The review stresses the importance of coordination, capacity-building, and long-term commitment in successful reconstruction efforts.
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Smolinski, Carole. The causes of the Nez Percé War and the prolonged exile of the captive Indians : an analysis. Portland State University Library, enero de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.799.

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Nkaisserry, Joseph K. The Ogaden War: An Analysis of its Causes and its Impact on Regional Peace on the Horn of Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, abril de 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326941.

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Goto, Junichi. The Migrant Workers in Japan from Latin America and Asia: Causes and Consequences. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010753.

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The world has been increasingly interconnected both economically and politically ever since the end of the World War II. In addition to the increase in the movement of goods (international trade) and the movement of money (foreign investment), we have observed increased amount of movement of labor (international migration) in various parts of the world. For example, European countries, notably Germany and France, have accepted a large number of migrant workers from neighboring countries for many years. In the United States, huge number of migrant workers, both legal and illegal, have been flowing from various countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. While Japan had been a fairly closed country to foreigners for many years, the influx of migrant workers emerged in the mid-1980s when an economic boom brought about serious labor shortage created an economic boom. Initially, most of these foreign workers are illegal migrant workers from neighboring Asian countries. However, since the revision of the Japanese immigration law in 1990, there has been a dramatic influx of the Latin American of Japanese origin (Nikkei) because these people are now allowed to do whatever activities in Japan, including an unskilled work that is prohibited to foreigners in principle. The number of these Latin American migrants is estimated to be around 150,000 to 200,000. This paper analyzes the recent experiences in the economic and social impact of international migration from Latin America and Asia in Japan.
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Temin, Peter. Mass Incarceration Retards Racial Integration. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp155.

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President Nixon replaced President Johnson’s War on Poverty with his War on Drugs in 1971. This new drug war was expanded by President Reagan and others to create mass incarceration. The United States currently has a higher percentage of its citizens incarcerated than any other industrial country. Although Blacks are only 13 percent of the population, they are 40 percent of the incarcerated. The literatures on the causes and effects of mass incarceration are largely distinct, and I combine them to show the effects of mass incarceration on racial integration. Racial prejudice produced mass incarceration, and mass incarceration now retards racial integration.
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Gordon, Robert. Did Economics Cause World War II? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, diciembre de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14560.

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Jarnac, James L. Haiti's Downward Spiral: Causes, Consequences, and the Way Ahead. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546257.

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Lopez-Barrios, Michel y Paul Peters. Definitions and Methods for Analysis of Multiple Cause of Death: A Scoping Review. Spatial Determinants of Health Lab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/rrep/2023.sdhl.106.

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Objective: This review aims to identify and categorise demographic methods used in modelling multiple causes of death. The assumption that each death is caused by exactly one disease is debatable, as other possible diseases or causes may be associated with the main cause. Hence, the multiple causes of death approach is essential for understanding mortality. Therefore, through this study, we will carry out a Scoping Review of the existing literature on the topic of MCOD. Inclusion criteria: This review considers literature pertaining to methods for the analysis and utilization of multiple cause of death data. Papers that discuss the methods used as well as the strengths and limitations of multiple cause of death approach will be considered for this study. Methods: Preliminary searches were conducted in July 2022 and focussed on concepts of multiple cause of death mortality and multiple causes of death. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and was conducted in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. There were no time constraints on the studies to be included in this review. Articles were initially screened by title and abstract and then reviewed by full text by three independent reviewers. Two reviewers extracted the data from the eligible articles. Results: A total of 769 papers were reviewed at the abstract and title level. Of these, 124 were screened for full-text eligibility. A total of 53 articles were included in the final analysis. Among the articles included, 31 were articles from the United States, 14 were from Europe and 8 were from other countries. The papers were categorized as methodological (33) papers, data assessment papers (19), papers discussing socioeconomic differences in mortality (13) and mixed method papers (11). Conclusions: There are many different types of methodologies and procedures used to analyse multiple cause of death statistics. All papers included in this study used descriptive methods (mostly frequency tables and cross-tabulations) to analyze multiple cause of death data, and almost half of them use visualizations to model the results. One of the most common limitations cited among the articles is the comparability of the statistics. Accurate data and analysis of vital statistics require resources, and many countries do not have the to report high-quality statistics. This could explain why most of the papers selected for this study focused on data from developed countries.
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Ferguson, Thomas y Servaas Storm. Myth and Reality in the Great Inflation Debate: Supply Shocks and Wealth Effects in a Multipolar World Economy. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, enero de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp196.

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This paper critically evaluates debates over the causes of U.S. inflation. We first show that claims that the Biden stimulus was the major cause of inflation are mistaken: the key data series – stimulus spending and inflation – move dramatically out of phase. While the first ebbs quickly, the second persistently surges. We then look at alternative explanations of the price rises. We assess four supply side factors: imports, energy prices, rises in corporate profit margins, and COVID. We argue that discussions of COVID’s impact have thus far only tangentially acknowledged the pandemic’s far-reaching effects on labor markets. We conclude that while all four factors played roles in bringing on and sustaining inflation, they cannot explain all of it. There really is an aggregate demand problem. But the surprise surge in demand did not arise from government spending. It came from the unprecedented gains in household wealth, particularly for the richest 10% of households, which we show powered the recovery of aggregate US consumption expenditure especially from July 2021. The final cause of the inflationary surge in the U.S., therefore, was in large measure the unequal (wealth) effects of ultra-loose monetary policy during 2020-2021. This conclusion is important because inflationary pressures are unlikely to subside soon. Going forward, COVID, war, climate change, and the drift to a belligerently multipolar world system are all likely to strain global supply chains. Our conclusion outlines how policy has to change to deal with the reality of steady, but irregular supply shocks. This type of inflation responds only at enormous cost to monetary policies, because it arises mostly from supply-side difficulties that require targeted solutions. But when supply plummets or becomes more variable, fiscal policy also has to adapt: existing explorations of ways to steady demand over the business cycle have to embrace much bolder macroeconomic measures to control over-spending when supply is temporarily constrained.
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