Bibliografías temáticas / Wood adhesives

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Wood adhesives"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Wood adhesives"

1

Brožek, M. "Bonding of wood". Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, No. 3 (2 de junio de 2016): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8/2014-rae.

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The paper presents the results of strength tests of joints made using six different adhesives destined by their producers for bonding wood. Bonded samples were made from seven sorts of wood commonly growing in the Czech Republic, namely ash, beach, cherry, maple, pine, spruce and walnut. From semi-products (boards, planks, squared timber logs) the test samples of dimensions 25 × 100 mm and 4 mm thickness were cut out in the direction of year rings. Always two samples were bonded together so that their overlap was of 12.5 mm. All these assemblies were loaded using the universal testing machine up to their rupture. The rupture force and the rupture type (rupture in the joint, in the bonded material) were registered. The aim of the tests was to assess the influence of the used adhesive on the bonded joint strength at different woods, to assess the variability of the adhesive consumption at the manual adhesive application by different workers and to determine costs for bonding of different woods using different adhesives. From the results it follows that between six tested adhesives used for bonding of seven sorts of wood, considerable differences exist not only as regards their price, but also their quality. From the results it also follows that the manual adhesive application is very unequal, because it depends on the dexterity and care of the worker. Next, the costs for bonding of different woods using different adhesives were determined.
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2

Srivatsan, T. S. "Wood Adhesives". Materials and Manufacturing Processes 27, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2012): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2012.689463.

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3

Moya, Róger, Ana Rodríguez-Zúñiga y José Vega-Baudrit. "Effects of Adding Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on Performance of Polyvinyl Acetate and Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives in Tropical Timber Species". Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/895650.

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Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with hydroxyl groups (MWCNTs-OH) have been incorporated into polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives utilized in tropical wood gluing. The Raman spectroscopy, the atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to describe the MWCNTs-OH. The adhesives were evaluated in three concentrations of MWCNTs-OH: 0% (control), 0.05%, and 0.1%. The evaluation included color, the distribution of MWCNTs-OH by TEM and AFM, thermal stability and viscosity of the adhesives, and shear strength (SS) of the glue line for nine tropical woods. AFM and TEM confirmed interaction of MWCNTs-OH with adhesives. The viscosity of the PVAc adhesive increases with added MWCNTs-OH. The incorporation of MWCNTs-OH in PVAc and UF resin produces wood adhesives with less brightness, less yellowness, and increased redness. The nanotubes in the adhesive improved the thermal stability of the composites and increased the entropy factor and energy of activation in the kinetic decomposition of the resin. In relation to SS, MWCNTs-OH in any of the two concentrations had no significant effect on SS in dry condition in half of the species studied glued with PVAc adhesive, whereas, for UF-adhesive, the SS and percentage of wood failure improved in most of the 9 species studied.
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4

Clerc, Gaspard, Thomas Lüthi, Peter Niemz y Jan Willem G. Van de Kuilen. "Reaction kinetics investigation in relation to the influence of humidity on fatigue behavior of wood lap joints". Holzforschung 74, n.º 9 (25 de septiembre de 2020): 865–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0136.

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AbstractIt is generally assumed that the properties of wood against fatigue are good, but little is known about the properties of adhesively bonded wood, which represents today most of the wood-based products. Lap-shear samples glued with three common wood adhesives [two ductile one-component polyurethane (1C-PUR) systems and one brittle phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive] were tested under cyclical loads at three different climates [20°C, 35% − 50% − 85% relative humidity (RH)]. For the analysis of data, an empirical model based on reaction kinetics was developed. In addition, a probabilistic model was used to estimate the endurance limit and the expected run-out lifetime. Both models were combined to accurately model fatigue at high and low relative stress intensity. It was shown that ductile 1C-PUR adhesives perform better than the brittle adhesive system under dry climates (35%–50% RH). However, for higher RH, the brittle PRF adhesive showed better performance, most probably due to a better wood-adhesive adhesion in wet climate. An average endurance limit for tensile shear stresses between 20% and 48% of the mean tensile shear strength (TSS) was estimated for the tested adhesives. It was shown that the model parameters could be linked to fundamental physical constants through the reaction kinetics approach; however, further research is needed to correlate these parameters to specimen-specific quantities.
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5

Podlena, Milan, Martin Böhm, Daniel Saloni, Guillermo Velarde y Carlos Salas. "Tuning the Adhesive Properties of Soy Protein Wood Adhesives with Different Coadjutant Polymers, Nanocellulose and Lignin". Polymers 13, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 2021): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121972.

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Commercial wood adhesives are based on products that contain formaldehyde; however, environmental and health concerns about formaldehyde emissions from wood products have influenced research and development efforts in order to find alternative, formaldehyde-free products for wood adhesives. In this work, different soy protein-based wood adhesives are proposed, and their performance is compared to commercial urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. Soy protein-based wood adhesives were prepared using either soy protein isolate (SPI) or soy protein flour (SF) with different coadjutant polymers: polyethylene oxide (PEO), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with and without addition of kraft lignin. The effects of the type of soy protein, solids content, coadjutant polymer and lignin addition were investigated. The wood adhesive formulations were tested on the bonding of hardwood (white maple) and softwood (southern yellow pine) and the dry shear strength of test specimens was measured according to method ASTM D905-08. The adhesive formulations with SPI achieved significantly higher values than those with SF. The dry shear strength of the adhesives varies depending on the coadjutant polymer, the wood species and the addition of lignin.
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6

Cheng, Rui Xiang, Ying Li, Qing Wen Wang y Zhong Qiu Li. "The Bonding Properties of PVC Wood-Plastic Composite Materials Glued with Two Kinds of Adhesive". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (junio de 2010): 1935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1935.

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This paper aimed to confirm which adhesive is more suitable to glue the PVC wood-plastic composite materials between epoxy adhesive and J-39 acrylic ester adhesive. This paper tested compression shear strength and aging properties of PVC wood-plastic composite materials glued with these two adhesives. The results show that compression shear strength of PVC wood-plastic composite materials glued with epoxy adhesive is higher than with J-39 acrylic adhesives. Meanwhile, the setting time of two adhesives has effect on compression shearing strength. The results of aging properties after boiled and UV light treatment show that bonding properties of PVC wood-plastic composite materials glued with two adhesive were both degraded after aging，but bonding properties glued with epoxy adhesive was better than acrylic ester adhesive.
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7

Dunky, Manfred. "Wood Adhesives Based on Natural Resources: A Critical Review Part I. Protein-Based Adhesives". Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives 8, n.º 3 (29 de septiembre de 2020): 199–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.7569/raa.2020.097309.

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This series of critical reviews on Wood Adhesives Based on Natural Resources (in total four parts) describes the experience and actual status of wood adhesives based on natural resources and gives an outlook into the future of these materials. Desite boundless results and papers in the development, purely naturally based wood adhesives are in industrial use only in negligible amounts; therefore this review series also reports on combinations of naturally based adhesives with synthetic components, such as modifiers or crosslinkers.<br/> Part I of this series concentrates on general topics and questions related to wood adhesives based on natural resources, such as systematic overview on the various types of naturally based wood adhesives, including cases where the adhesive is not applied separately but is used in situ, originating from the various components of the wood material. As a first product group, proteins from plants and animal sources and their use as wood adhesives will be described in this Part I.
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Bianche, Juliana Jerásio, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro, João Paulo Silva Ladeira, Ana Paula Mendes Teixeira, Flávia Alves Pereira y Bráulio da Silva de Oliveira. "SHEAR STRENGTH IN THE GLUE LINE OF Eucalyptus sp. AND Pinus sp.WOOD". Revista Árvore 40, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2016): 1109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000600017.

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ABSTRACT To evaluate the adhesive efficiency on the union of glued joints in a particular temperature and humidity conditions for a specified time the adhesive must be submitted to specific load tests, such as shear in the glue line. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shear strength in the glue line of Eucalyptus sp and Pinus sp.woods. Five adhesives (castor oil, sodium silicate, modified silicate, , PVA and resorcinol-formaldehyde), three weights (150 g/m2, 200 g/m2, and 250 g/m2) and two species (Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp.) of wood were used. Twelve specimens were obtained from each repetition per treatment, corresponding to 108 specimens that were conditioned at a temperature of 23 ± 1°C and relative humidity of 50 ± 2%. The interaction between the weight and type of adhesive was significant for the shear strength in the glue line of eucalyptus wood. However, no interaction between the weight and the adhesive was found for pinus, only the isolated from the adhesive effect. Chemical bonds originated in the polymerization of resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives and castor bi-component conferred upon these adhesives the greatest resistance in the glue line. Castor and resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives showed the highest shear strength values in the line of glue and wood failure. Castor adhesive presented satisfactory performance for bonding of eucalyptus and pine woods.
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9

Cheng, Fang Chao y Ying Cheng Hu. "Bonding Quality of Fiber-Wood Interface with Wood Adhesives". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (junio de 2010): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.552.

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Effects of fiber fabric type, glue spread, adhesive kind and angle between carbon fiber and wood grain on bonding quality of fiber-wood interface were investigated to make it clear whether wood adhesive can be used in fiber reinforced wood products. Four different kinds of fiber fabric were bonded into poplar sample with three different adhesives and three different glue spread. Shear strength of samples were measured by compression shear test. The results indicated that bonding quality of GFMa (Glass Fiber Mat)-wood interface was the best of all and 400g/mm2 was the optimal glue spread for various adhesive and adhesion. Results of control experiment of angle between carbon fiber and wood grain indicated that bonding quality of samples with carbon fiber parallel to wood grain was better than that with carbon fiber perpendicular to wood grain.
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10

Cheng, Fang Chao y Ying Cheng Hu. "Stiffness of Fiber-Wood Bonding Interface with Wood Adhesives". Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (junio de 2010): 948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.948.

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Effects of fiber fabric type, glue spread and adhesive kind on stiffness of fiber-wood bonding interface were investigated. Four different kinds of fiber fabric were bonded into poplar sample with three different adhesives and three different glue spread. Shear modulus of samples were measured by compression shear test to represent the stiffness of bonding interface. The results indicated that stiffness of GFF (Glass Fiber Fabric)-wood and GFMa (Glass Fiber Mat)-wood interfaces was better than that of two other interfaces and shear modulus of CFF (Carbon Fiber Fabric)-wood samples were the least of all. And the effects of glue spread and adhesive kind on stiffness of fiber-wood interface were significant.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Wood adhesives"

1

Ren, Dakai. "Moisture-Cure Polyurethane Wood Adhesives: Wood/Adhesive Interactions and Weather Durability". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29866.

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This project addresses two main subjects of moisture-cure polyurethane (PUR) wood adhesives: wood/PUR interactions and structure-property behavior emphasizing on weather durability. For these purposes, one simplified model PUR (MPUR) and three more commercially significant PURs (CPURs) with different hard segment contents were prepared. Separately, an early side project involved the synthesis of a 13C and 15N double-labeled polymeric methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (pMDI) resin; this was used for the solid-state NMR characterization of isocyanate cure chemistry in wood bondline. MPUR and a CPUR were employed to investigate whether wood/adhesive interactions influence PUR properties. Wood interactions significantly altered PUR hard/soft domain size distribution (atomic force microscopy, AFM), thermal transition temperatures (dynamic mechanical analyses, DMA), and urethane/urea hydrogen bonds (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR). The effects of hard segment content on properties of PUR prepolymers, and cured PURs (films and wood composites) were studied. Hard segment content largely influenced the PURs’ molecular weights, viscosity, penetration, thermal transitions, and hard segment hydrogen bonds, but only slightly altered the dry (unweathered) bondline toughness. Three accelerated weathering procedures were developed to evaluate CPUR bondline weather durability through mode-I fracture testing. Both hard segment content and weathering conditions were found to significantly influence the bondline weather durability. Among these weathering procedures, only one (VPSS) was able to effectively distinguish weather durability of PUR adhesives, and therefore it was selected for detailed structure-weather durability studies. PUR weather durability was found to correlate with its moisture sensitivity and hard segment softening temperature; both were provided by water-submersion DMA. Much attention was directed to the investigation of weather-induced PUR molecular changes. FTIR studies provided evidences of post-cure, hydrolytic degradation, and variation of urethane/urea hydrogen bonds. DMA presented weathering effects on PUR thermal properties. Special efforts have been made to correlate these analytical results with PUR weather durability. A 13C and 15N double-labeled pMDI resin was synthesized and used for solid-state NMR characterization of isocyanate cure chemistry in wood bondline, particularly to detect the evidence of urethane formation. Rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR clearly revealed the formation of urethane linkages, but largely overestimated their content.
Ph. D.
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2

Glavas, Lidija. "Starch and Protein based Wood Adhesives". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31486.

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Different native starches, modified starches and plant proteins were evaluated as wood adhesives. They were combined with different synthetic polymers in order to achieve improved adhesive properties. The study was divided into two parts: development of starch based adhesive formulations and evaluation of an existing protein based adhesive.  Eight different starches and two different plant proteins were used in the first part. Starch 1 and starch 2 as well as protein 1 and protein 2 were some of the used materials. These materials were dispersed in synthetic polymers such as poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA). Five different cross-linking agents were also tested. In the second part of the study, protein 2 was used as a renewable material. It was dispersed in dispersing media 2 and filler 1 was used. In an effort to increase the amount of renewable material in the adhesive composition, six different renewable fillers were examined. Lower pressing temperatures as well as lower amounts of cross-linking agent 1 were evaluated in order to observe their influence on the adhesive properties of the protein based adhesive. All formulations were characterized by measurement of viscosity, solid content and pH. The adhesive properties of some of the formulations in both parts of the study were characterized according to SS-EN 204:2001 and EN 14257 (WATT 91). The best results, of the starch based formulations, were obtained when starch 1 and protein 2 were dispersed in dispersing media 2 or dispersing media 7. These formulations in combination with cross-linking agents were classified as D2 and passed the criteria for heat resistance (WATT 91). However, the results were comparable with the reference sample. It was possible to replace filler 1, totally or partly, in the protein based adhesive with renewable fillers. Protein based adhesive formulations with filler 2 and filler 4, amongst others, showed improvement of the adhesive properties. These formulations passed D3 and D4 – wet criteria and almost passed D4 – boiling criteria. The amount of renewable material in the protein based adhesive was increased from ~32 % to ~56 % in the formulations that obtained the best adhesive properties. The amount of non-petrochemical material was ~67 % in all new formulations as well as in the reference sample.  By decreasing the pressing temperature from 110 °C to 90 °C or by decreasing the amount of cross-linking agent 1 from 15 % to 5 %, a protein based system that passes D3 criteria can be obtained.
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3

Yang, Xing. "Organic Fillers in Phenol-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesives". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64999.

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Veneer-based structural wood composites are typically manufactured using phenol-formaldehyde resols (PF) that are formulated with wheat flour extender and organic filler. Considering that this technology is several decades old, it is surprising to learn that many aspects of the formulation have not been the subject of detailed analysis and scientific publication. The effort described here is part of a university/industry research cooperation with a focus on how the organic fillers impact the properties of the formulated adhesives and adhesive bond performance. The fillers studied in this work are derived from walnut shell (Juglans regia), alder bark (Alnus rubra), and corn cob (furfural production) residue. Alder bark and walnut shell exhibited chemical compositions that are typical for lignocellulosic materials, whereas corn cob residue was distinctly different owing to the high pressure steam digestion used in its preparation. Also, all fillers had low surface energies with dominant dispersive effects. Surface energy of corn cob residue was a little higher than alder bark and walnut shell, which were very similar. All fillers reduced PF surface tension with effects greatest in alder bark and walnut shell. Surface tension reductions roughly correlated to the chemical compositions of the fillers, and probably resulted from the release of surface active compounds extracted from the fillers in the alkaline PF medium. It was shown that viscoelastic network structures formed within the adhesive formulations as a function of shear history, filler type, and filler particle size. Relative to alder bark and walnut shell, the unique behavior of corn cob residue was discussed with respect to chemical composition. Alder bark and walnut shell exhibited similar effects with a decrease of adhesive activation energy. However, corn cob reside caused much higher adhesive activation energy. Alder bark exhibited significant particle size effects on fracture energy and bondline thickness, but no clear size effects on penetration. Regarding corn cob residue and walnut shell, particle size effects on fracture energy were statistically significant, but magnitude of the difference was rather small. Classified corn cob residue fillers all resulted in a similar bondline thickness (statistically no difference) that was different walnut shell.
Ph. D.
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4

Zhang, Xuelian. "Characterization of Wood Resin-Adhesive Spray". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ZhangX2008.pdf.

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Paris, Jesse Loren. "Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate Water-Dispersions as Renewable Wood Adhesives". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34644.

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Two commercial carboxymethylcellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB) polymers, high and low molecular weight (MW) forms, were analyzed in this study. High-solids water-borne dispersions of these polymers were studied as renewable wood adhesives. Neat polymer analyses revealed that the apart from MW, the CMCAB systems had different acid values, and that the high MW system was compromised with gel particle contaminants. Formulation of the polymer into water-dispersions was optimized for this study, and proved the â direct methodâ , in which all formulation components were mixed at once in a sealed vessel, was the most efficient preparation technique. Applying this method, 4 high-solids water dispersions were prepared and evaluated with viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, light and fluorescence microscopy, and mode I fracture testing. Thermal analyses showed that the polymer glass transition temperature significantly increased when bonded to wood. CMCAB dispersions produced fairly brittle adhesive-joints; however, it is believed toughness can likely be improved with further formulation optimization. Lastly, dispersion viscosity, film formation, adhesive penetration and joint-performance were all dependent on the formulation solvents, and moreover, these properties appeared to correlate with each other.
Master of Science
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6

Miesner, Martin. "Photodegradation of adhesives used in wood composite materials". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2294.

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The weathering of wood composites is caused by a complex combination of chemical and mechanical effects. Wood composites such as glulam beams are increasingly being used outdoors where their service life depends to some extent on the durability of the adhesive used in the composite. Increases in the durability of adhesives used in such composite materials would prolong their service life and enable them to compete more effectively with other structural materials such as concrete and steel. This study attempted to improve our understanding of the photodegradation of adhesives and the relationship between wood and adhesive photodegradation. The effectiveness of a UV light absorber and hindered amine light stabilizer (UVA and HALS) at protecting adhesives from photodegradation was also investigated. First, the effect of adhesive type (melamine formaldehyde, epoxide, and emulsion polymer isocyanate), stabilizer and adhesive stabilizer interaction on tensile strength, weight loss and discoloration of adhesive dog-bone samples exposed in two different weatherometer devices (QUV and Xenon-arc) was examined. Structural and chemical changes of the adhesive specimens were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Secondly, the effects of adhesive type (melamine formaldehyde, epoxide), stabilizer and adhesive stabilizer interaction on surface roughness and discoloration of wood-adhesive-dowel samples exposed to solar radiation was examined. Profileometry and SEM was used to examine the surface of dowels in the region where they were exposed to both wood and sunlight. An epoxide adhesive (butyl glycidyl ether of bisphenol-A with polyamide) used in the aircraft industry showed outstanding resistance to weathering. The other adhesives were not as resistant to weathering, but the addition of a UVA/HALS photostabilizer to the adhesives generally increased their photostability (particularly color changes of the epoxy adhesives and weight loss of the MF adhesive). Greater degradation of adhesive samples occurred when they were exposed in a QUV weatherometer than in a Xenon-arc weatherometer. The synergistic effect of moisture and UV radiation on the degradation of adhesives may account for this observation. Adhesive dowels embedded in wood did not show greater degradation (erosion) in the region where they were exposed to both wood and sunlight. Therefore the hypotheses that wood photosensitizes adhesives could not be supported by experimental findings. Further refinement of the experimental methodology developed in this thesis would be desirable to retest this hypothesis. All of the four adhesives that were tested possessed some interesting characteristics that might make them suitable for use in glulam exposed outdoors, but out of the four the two epoxy adhesives appeared to have the greatest potential.
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7

Nussbaum, Ralph. "Surface interactions of wood with adhesives and coatings /". Stockholm, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3229.

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Wendler, Steven L. "Characterization of the wood/isocyanate bondline". Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040325/.

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9

Lan, Ping. "Condensed tannins extraction from grape pomace : characterization and utilization as wood adhesives for wood particleboard". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0242/document.

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Les marcs de raisin issus de la viniculture constituent un gisement de ressource naturelle abondant, sous valorisé et riche en polyphénols. Une méthode d?extraction de ces tannins condensés a été développée et optimisée en vue d'une application en adhésif pour les produits dérivés du bois. Les tannins ont été caractérisés par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, spectroscopie Infra Rouge (FTIR), spectrométrie de masse (MALDI TOF) et Analyse Thermomécanique (TMA). Des panneaux de particules ont été fabriqués à l'aide des colles élaborées en laboratoire et testés suivant les normes françaises en vigueur, plusieurs dépassent largement les valeurs seuils
The extraction of condensed tannins from grape pomace was examined using water medium in the presence of different bases as catalyst (NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 and Na2SO3). Two different extraction processes and the influence of 4 parameters (i.e., temperature, reaction time, chemical reagents and concentration of the chemical reagents) on the tannin extracts yields and properties were studied. The tannin fractions were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF ). It was demonstrated that it is possible to extract reactive tannins from grape pomace in basic medium. The tannin extracts obtained by precipitation in acidic conditions display a high phenolic content (Stiasny number higher 95%) but low water solubility and low reactivity toward formaldehyde because of the formation of catechinic acid phlobatannins during the acidification step. The tannins extracts obtained by lyophilization of the liquid, despite of their lower phenolic contents, displayed promising properties for adhesive applications. The optimum temperature of the extraction process was 100 °C, reaction time was 120 min; the best concentration of reagent was 10% (w/w). It was also shown that addition of sulphite ions during the extraction step improved the process :y the introduction of a sulfonic group through sulfitation increased both tannin solubility and reactivity as a result from the opening of the heterocyclic ring during extraction The structure of grape pomace sulfited tannin extracts did not present noticeable discrepancy exception of the ratio of the opening pyran ring which was different as a function of the catalyst used. The opening of pyran ring during the tannins extraction seem to be more important by using Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 than when using NaOH. The FT-IR bands assigned to aromatic ring vibration and carbonyl groups were stronger and no bands attributed to sulfited groups were tested detected in acidified tannins compared to lyophilized tannins. The TG2 results showed that the weight lost of these tannin extracts mainly composed of two steps. The first step starts from room temperature to 200 °C. It is attributed to the mass lost of water and some easy-degraded small low molecules. The secondly steps which is the mainly degradation step of tannin extract samples from 200 to 400 °C. The results from 13C-NMR showed that condensed tannin extracts from grape pomace were consistent with dominant procyanidin units with a minor amount of prodelphinidin units that are linked together by a C4-C8 bond. Relatively low carbonhydrate and high catechinc acid content was observed in acidified tannins compared to lyophilized tannins. It was shown by MADI-TOF experiments that grape pomace tannin extracts are mainly composed of flavoinoid oligomers up to 6 repeating units in lyophilized tannins and 10 repeating units in acidified tannins respectively, with dominant procyanidin units. A small proportion of substitution with glucose and gallic acid was detected in procyanidin units of polyflavonoid oligomers. The degree of polymerization of acidified tannins is higher than lyophilized tannins. Two different formulations (nonfortified tannin adhesive and fortified with addition of 20% of polymeric 4, 4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (p-MDI)) were used to press one layer wood particle board. It was shown that the nature of the extraction reagent (NaOH, Na2CO3 or NaHCO3) greatly impacts the properties of the resins and the mechanical properties of the panel internal bonding strengths. The particleboards bonded by the tannins extracted using Na2CO3 as catalyst give the best performance and were good enough to pass relevant international standard specifications for interior grade panels. Formaldehyde emission of these panels was below the European Norm requirements (<= 6.5 mg/ 100g panel)
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10

Tahir, Paridah Md. "Utilisation of mangrove bark extracts in cold-setting wood adhesives". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327020.

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Extraction of mangrove bark with 4.0% aqueous sodium sulfite and 0.4% aqueous sodium carbonate at 100° and 2 hours gives 24-26% yields compared with extraction by water at 70° for 2 hours which gives 21%. The hot water extracts are more acidic (pH 3.6) than is the sulfite extract (pH 5.6); both are reasonably reactive toward formaldehyde (Stiasny number 70.6 using water and 85.4 using aqueous sulfite-carbonate). The 13C NMR spectra of R. mucronata shows this tannin to have phloroglucinolic A-rings with hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and pyrogallolic B-rings with hydroxy groups at C-3', C-4', and C-5'. The interflavanoid linkages are C-4→C-8 and C-4→C-6. The 13C NMR spectra also indicate the presence of a considerable amount of carbohydrate which is shown to be mainly rhamnose, glucose, arabinose, and uronic acids. Sulfitation of R. mucronata bark reduces the total carbohydrate and the rhamnose extracted but increases the amount of arabinose and uronic acids. The bark storage period has significant effects on the pH and the reactivity of the aqueous tannin solution. Barks stored for <4 weeks produce higher extraction yields than those stored for > 6 weeks and contain significantly larger amount of reactive tannin and have shorter gel times. The reactivity of bark extracts towards formaldehyde can be controlled either by limiting the duration of bark storage to 4 weeks or by maintaining the aqueous tannin solution at pH <10.0. The aqueous tannin solution from R. mucronata exhibited properties such as viscosity, solubility and tackiness which were superior to those from the R. apiculata extract while the mixed R. mucronata-R. apiculata aqueous tannin solution had properties in between these. These barks could be used singly or together as a source of tannin without the bond strength of the resulting glued joints being significantly affected. The "honeymoon" bonding technique improved the bond strengths of joints made using sulfited tannin but is suitable only for tannin solutions containing > 4% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The viscosity of sulfited tannin adhesives is influenced by (a) the amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide added to the aqueous tannin solution, and (b) the lapse time, i.e. the period between the addition of sodium hydroxide to the aqueous tannin solution and the addition of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) resin, hardener, and paraformaldehyde. The present study shows that with the addition of 5% w/w sodium hydroxide and at a curing temperature of 40° the sulfited tannin extracts from the bark of mangrove trees can replace about 50% w/w of the PRF resin in cold-setting wood adhesives with the production of bond strengths comparable to those produced by 100% PRF resin.
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Libros sobre el tema "Wood adhesives"

1

Wood Adhesives (7th 2000 South Lake Tahoe, Nev.). Wood adhesives 2000. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society, 2001.

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Hansom, O. P. Adhesives for wood. High Wycombe: Timber Research and Development Association, 1987.

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Advanced wood adhesives technology. New York: M. Dekker, 1994.

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Christiansen, A. W. Durable wood adhesives based on carbohydrates. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

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Gillespie, Robert H. Lignin in durable adhesives for wood. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

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Christiansen, A. W. Durable wood adhesives based on carbohydrates. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

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Christiansen, A. W. Durable wood adhesives based on carbohydrates. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

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Koch, G. S. Adhesives for the composite wood panel industry. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1987.

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Sedliačik, Milan. Nové kompozíce polykondenzačných lepidiel a ich aplikácie v drevárskom priemysle. Zvolen: Pobočky ZSVTS Chemko, š.p. Strážske, Technická univerzita Zvolen, 1992.

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Milan, Sedliačik. Zmesné močovinoformaldehyd-polyvinylacetátové lepislá. 2a ed. Zvolen: VŠLD Zvolen a Chemko, š.p. Strážske, 1991.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Wood adhesives"

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Gollob, Lawrence y J. D. Wellons. "Wood Adhesion". En Handbook of Adhesives, 598–610. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0671-9_36.

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Gomez-Bueso, Jose y Robert Haupt. "Wood Composite Adhesives". En Phenolic Resins: A Century of Progress, 155–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04714-5_8.

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Kreibich, Roland E. "Tannin-Based Wood Adhesives". En Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins, 457–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7511-1_29.

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Unger, Achim, Arno P. Schniewind y Wibke Unger. "Adhesives and Gap Fillers". En Conservation of Wood Artifacts, 541–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06398-9_13.

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Adhikari, Birendra B., Pooran Appadu, Michael Chae y David C. Bressler. "Protein-based Wood Adhesives Current Trends of Preparation and Application". En Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 1–58. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369242-1.

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Wan, Hui, Zhongqi He, An Mao y Xiaomei Liu. "Synthesis of Polymers from Liquefied Biomass and Their Utilization in Wood Bonding". En Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 239–59. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369242-10.

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Mao, An, Zhongqi He, Hui Wan y Qi Li. "Preparation, Properties, and Bonding Utilization of Pyrolysis Bio-oil". En Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 260–79. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369242-11.

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Kennedy Vieira, Raimundo, Adalena Kennedy Vieira y Anil Narayan Netravali. "Application of the Rosin from White Pitch (Protium heptaphyllum) for use as Wood Adhesive". En Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 280–92. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369242-12.

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Bacigalupe, Alejandro, Zhongqi He y Mariano M. Escobar. "Effects of Rheology and Viscosity of Bio-based Adhesives on Bonding Performance". En Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 293–309. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369242-13.

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Taghiyari, Hamid R., Jack Norton y Mehdi Tajvidi. "Effects of Nano-materials on Different Properties of Wood-Composite Materials". En Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 310–39. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369242-14.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Wood adhesives"

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Frihart, Charles y Christopher Hunt. "Providing Industrial Wood Bond Strength with Protein Adhesives". En Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.143.

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"Development of Polyurethane Wood Adhesives derived from Crude Glycerol based Polyols". En 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162460501.

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Nicholson, C. "Durability Studies of Polyurethane-Based Structural Adhesives Used in Engineered Wood Products in New Zealand". En XV International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components. CIMNE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/dbmc.2020.045.

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"A Review on Application of Formaldehyde in Cement-Based Materials". En Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-3.

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Abstract. Formaldehyde is environment contamination, which causes irritation in the eyes, nose, and throat with concentration above 1.0ppm. But still, it is used as a construction material as an admixture and furthermore to make paints, adhesives, pressed wood, and flooring materials, etc. This paper reviews the impact of formaldehyde in the cement on flow, strength, and durability properties. In this most of the researchers studied the water reducing nature of formaldehyde-based cementitious materials (FBCM) because of its repulsive property, that can ensure improved workability and provides good mechanical strength. Finally, the challenges in the application of formaldehyde in cement-based materials are discussed to conclude some future scope in the field of the construction industry to use formaldehyde in cement.
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Liu, Xiaomei, Xinli Zhang, Kequan Long, Xiaodan Zhu, Jianming Yang, Yiqiang Wu, Sha Luo y Shoulu Yang. "PVA wood adhesive modified with sodium silicate cross-linked copolymer". En 2012 International Conference on Biobase Material Science and Engineering (BMSE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmse.2012.6466192.

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Hernawati, Agestya y Suyatno Sutoyo. "Characteristics Of Adhesive Firmness Of Tannin Resorcinol Formaldehyde From Johar Sawdust Extract As Adhesive On Lamina Wood". En Seminar Nasional Kimia - National Seminar on Chemistry (SNK 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/snk-18.2018.27.

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Frihart, C., C. Hunt, J. Jakes y N. Plaza. "Adhesive-Wood Interactions in Relation to Failure in Bonded Wood Products from the Centimeter to Nanometer Scale". En MS&T19. TMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2019mst/2019/mst_2019_877_883.

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Frihart, C., C. Hunt, J. Jakes y N. Plaza. "Adhesive-Wood Interactions in Relation to Failure in Bonded Wood Products from the Centimeter to Nanometer Scale". En MS&T19. TMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2019/mst_2019_877_883.

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Andrew Holstein y David R Bohnhoff. "Bending Properties of Wood I-Sections Fabricated with Screws and Polyurethane Adhesive". En 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39307.

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Liu, Xiaoyue, Chao Zhu, Qing Xiang y Liming Dong. "Study on preparation and performance of polyacrylate emulsion used as wood assembly adhesive". En 2016 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Computer Science (ICAMCS 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icamcs-16.2016.58.

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Informes sobre el tema "Wood adhesives"

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Yelle, Daniel J. Bondability of ipê (Tabebuia spp.) wood using ambient-curing exterior wood adhesives. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-689.

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Frihart, Charles R. Adhesive interactions with wood. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-149.

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Jakes, Joseph E., Nayomi Plaza-Rodriguez, Xavier Arzola Villegas y Charles R. Frihart. Improved understanding of moisture effects on outdoor wood–adhesive bondlines. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-246.

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