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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Soil temperature. eng »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 8 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Soil temperature. eng"

Requejo, Jose M., Miguel Garrido-Izard, Eva C. Correa, Morris Villarroel, and Belen Diezma. "Corrigendum to “Pig ear skin temperature and feed efficiency: Using the phase space to estimate thermoregulatory effort” [Biosyst Eng 174 (2018) 80–88]." Biosystems Engineering 188 (December 2019): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.10.011.

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Ploeg, Antoon, and James Stapleton. "Glasshouse studies on the effects of time, temperature and amendment of soil with broccoli plant residues on the infestation of melon plants by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica." Nematology 3, no. 8 (2001): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101753625353.

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AbstractThe effects of heating, over a range of temperatures and for increasing periods of time, and of adding finely chopped broccoli leaves to soil infested by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on nematode infestation of melon, were studied in glasshouse experiments. There was a significant interaction between the effects of soil temperature, the period for which this temperature was maintained and broccoli amendment. At the lowest temperature tested (20°C), adding broccoli to the soil had very little effect on nematode infestation or galling of melon. Increasing the temperature of the b

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Wisser, D., S. Marchenko, J. Talbot, C. Treat, and S. Frolking. "Soil temperature response to 21st century global warming: the role of and some implications for peat carbon in thawing permafrost soils in North America." Earth System Dynamics 2, no. 1 (2011): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-2-121-2011.

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Abstract. Northern peatlands contain a large terrestrial carbon pool that plays an important role in the Earth's carbon cycle. A considerable fraction of this carbon pool is currently in permafrost and is biogeochemically relatively inert; this will change with increasing soil temperatures as a result of climate warming in the 21st century. We use a geospatially explicit representation of peat areas and peat depth from a recently-compiled database and a geothermal model to estimate northern North America soil temperature responses to predicted changes in air temperature. We find that, despite

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Wisser, D., S. Marchenko, J. Talbot, C. Treat, and S. Frolking. "Soil temperature response to 21st century global warming: the role of and some implications for peat carbon in thawing permafrost soils in North America." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 1 (2011): 161–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-2-161-2011.

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Luus, K. A., Y. Gel, J. C. Lin, R. E. J. Kelly, and C. R. Duguay. "Pan-Arctic linkages between snow accumulation and growing-season air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (2013): 7575–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7575-2013.

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Abstract. Arctic field studies have indicated that the air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation at a site influence the quantity of snow accumulated, and that snow accumulation can alter growing-season soil moisture and vegetation. Climate change is predicted to bring about warmer air temperatures, greater snow accumulation and northward movements of the shrub and tree lines. Understanding the responses of northern environments to changes in snow and growing-season land surface characteristics requires: (1) insights into the present-day linkages between snow and growing-season land surfac

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Luus, K. A., Y. Gel, J. C. Lin, R. E. J. Kelly, and C. R. Duguay. "Pan-Arctic linkages between snow accumulation and growing season air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (2013): 1747–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-1747-2013.

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Abstract. Arctic field studies have indicated that the air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation at a site influence the quantity of snow accumulated, and that snow accumulation can alter growing season soil moisture and vegetation. Climate change is predicted to bring about warmer air temperatures, greater snow accumulation and northward movements of the shrub and tree lines. Understanding the response of northern environments to changes in snow and growing season land surface characteristics requires: (1) insights into the present-day linkages between snow and growing season land surface

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Bond-Lamberty, Ben, A. Peyton Smith, and Vanessa Bailey. "Temperature and moisture effects on greenhouse gas emissions from deep active-layer boreal soils." Biogeosciences 13, no. 24 (2016): 6669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6669-2016.

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Abstract. Rapid climatic changes, rising air temperatures, and increased fires are expected to drive permafrost degradation and alter soil carbon (C) cycling in many high-latitude ecosystems. How these soils will respond to changes in their temperature, moisture, and overlying vegetation is uncertain but critical to understand given the large soil C stocks in these regions. We used a laboratory experiment to examine how temperature and moisture control CO2 and CH4 emissions from mineral soils sampled from the bottom of the annual active layer, i.e., directly above permafrost, in an Alaskan bor

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Mueller-Niggemann, C., S. R. Utami, A. Marxen, K. Mangelsdorf, T. Bauersachs, and L. Schwark. "Distribution of tetraether lipids in agricultural soils – differentiation between paddy and upland management." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 20 (2015): 16709–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-16709-2015.

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Abstract. Insufficient knowledge of the composition and variation of isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in agricultural soils exists, despite of the potential effect of different management types (e.g. soil/water and redox conditions, cultivated plants) on GDGT distribution. Here, we determined the influence of different soil management types on the GDGT composition in paddy (flooded) and adjacent upland (non-flooded) soils, and if available also forest, bushland and marsh soils. To compare the local effects on GDGT distribution patterns, we collected compara

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Okorokov, Nikita S., Alexandr N. Korkishko, and Anastаsiya P. Korzhikova. "An experimental study of a forced ventilation pile." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2020): 665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.5.665-677.

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Introduction. Thermal stabilization of foundation soils is a most widely spread method of engineering protection of structures in the cryolithic zone. Presently, as a rule, any construction is feasible if the footing temperature remains negative in the regions that have permafrost soils. In the article, the co-authors have analyzed a conceptually new method of thermal stabilization of soil, that is, the application of forced ventilation piles. The goal of the laboratory experiments is to simulate the frozen soil behaviour in case of its exposure to a ventilated and cooled pile. The co-authors

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Paraiba, Lourival Costa, and Petronio Pulino. "Pesticide dispersion-advection equation with soil temperature effect." Environmetrics 14, no. 3 (2003): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.593.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Soil temperature. eng"

Panosso, Alan Rodrigo. "Variabilidade espacial da emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade em latossolo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar em sistemas de colheita manual com queima e mecanizada /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88280.

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Resumo: A caracterizacao da variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo de areas agricolas e uma tarefa importante, pois somada a influencia dos aspectos pedologicos temos uma grande contribuicao do manejo. Neste trabalho foi determinada a estrutura da variabilidade espacial da emissao de CO2, temperatura e umidade em Latossolo Vermelho eutroferrico em tres localidades sob cultivo da cana-de-acucar em sistemas de manejos de cana crua e de cana queimada, no nordeste do Estado de Sao Paulo. As maiores emissoes foram observadas no local sob manejo de cana queimada, num valor medio de 2,05 Êmol m-

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AlMulla, Abdulaziz Abdulrahman. "Understanding the impacts of changing soil temperature, water irrigation source and fertiliser types on C and N cycling in arid soils." Thesis, Bangor University, 2016. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-the-impacts-of-changing-soil-temperature-water-irrigation-source-and-fertiliser-types-on-c-and-n-cycling-in-arid-soils(8fe82678-4c35-4a67-b38b-74b2c958863c).html.

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Nitrogen (N) is a key regulator of ecosystem development, and the cycling and competition for N resources in ecosystems remains poorly understood. Arid ecosystems are primarily found in North Africa, Middle East and Australia, and cover about one-third of the total global area. Soil organic N (SON) and C cycles are linked; both immobilization and mineralization of N pathways are linked by heterotrophic microorganisms that require C from organic material for production of energy and growth. Therefore, studies into N and C cycles are key to understanding biogeochemical cycles in these areas. Typ

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Miranda, Luiz Paulo Montenegro de. "Temperatura e atributos físico-químicos de um latossolo em recuperação com adubação verde, gramínea e lodo de esgoto, cultivado com Gonçalo-Alves /." Ilha Solteira: [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98813.

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Orientador: Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues<br>Banca: Marlene Cristina Alves<br>Banca: Jolimar Antonio Schiavo<br>Resumo: Reduzir as variações térmicas do solo com a cobertura vegetal favorece o armazenamento de água e aumento nos teores de matéria orgânica e nutrientes disponíveis às plantas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a temperatura e alguns atributos físicos e químicos de um Latossolo em recuperação com adubos verdes, gramínea e lodo de esgoto, cultivado com Gonçalo-alves. O experimento foi realizado em área de empréstimo no município de Selvíria/MS. O delineamento experiment

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Ashton, Nicola Jane. "Holistic characterisation of soils developed on contrasting lithologies, in a temperate climate." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/holistic-characterisation-of-soils-developed-on-contrasting-lithologies-in-a-temperate-climate(3e0b006c-60f5-4814-8f2a-101c2b9c7bba).html.

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The influence of parent lithology on the development of soil biogeochemical environments and their microbial diversity is explored by characterising soil profiles with respect to their mineral, solution and organic chemistry. Soil profiles were collected from a total of 17 sites, above basalt, granodiorite, shale, sandstone and limestone, across Northern Ireland. The soil system developed above basalt was examined to assess the development of soil bio-physicochemical properties and microbial diversity through the profile. These basalt soils showed two distinct horizons have developed in the pr

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Boulenouar-Mohamedi, Fatma Zohra. "Étude de l'oxydation anodique de l'hydrogène à l'interface métal/zircone stabilisée à haute température (métal=platine, nickel, cuivre)." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0055.

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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de recherches conduites sur les piles a combustible fonctionnant a haute temperature et mettant en jeu un electrolyte solide conducteur par ions oxydes (zircone stabilisee a l'oxyde d'yttrium: ysz). L'objet de cette recherche est de preciser les influences respectives des pressions partielles d'hydrogene et d'eau dans la polarisation anodique de l'interface metal/ysz, le metal etant: le platine, le nickel ou le cuivre. A l'equilibre, l'etude a montre l'interet de differencier les roles respectifs de l'hydrogene et de la vapeur d'eau et de ne pas traiter les r

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Lepage, Marie-Pier. "Étude de l’impact de la température et de l’humidité sur la survie et la dynamique de la ponte de la mouche du chou (Delia radicum L.)." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4733.

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On dénombre divers modèles de simulation de la mouche du chou (Delia radicum L.), mais plusieurs comportent d’importantes lacunes au niveau des différences génotypiques de l’insecte et des paramètres utilisés. L’objectif principal de ce projet est de rassembler les informations manquantes afin de créer dans le futur un modèle bioclimatique permettant de simuler efficacement la dynamique des populations de ce ravageur. L’effet de la température et de l’humidité du sol a été mesuré sur les œufs et les larves de la mouche du chou. L’humidité n’influence la survie des œufs qu’en dessous de 25% [

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Soil temperature. eng"

Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, et al. "Automated Laboratory and Field Techniques to Determine Greenhouse Gas Emissions." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_3.

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AbstractMethods and techniques are described for automated measurements of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in both the laboratory and the field. Robotic systems are currently available to measure the entire range of gases evolved from soils including dinitrogen (N2). These systems usually work on an exchange of the atmospheric N2with helium (He) so that N2 fluxes can be determined. Laboratory systems are often used in microbiology to determine kinetic response reactions via the dynamics of all gaseous N species such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and N2. Latest He incubation techniques also take plants into account, in order to study the effect of plant–soil interactions on GHGsand N2 production. The advantage of automated in-field techniques is that GHG emission rates can be determined at a high temporal resolution. This allows, for instance, to determine diurnal response reactions (e.g. with temperature) and GHG dynamics over longer time periods.

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Mbandi, Josephine, and Michael Kisangari. "Data Collection Using Wireless Sensor Networks and Online Visualization for Kitui, Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_151.

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AbstractKenya is a developing country with a population of 47,213,282 people this comprises of 56% low-income earners. Small businesses and crop production represent 23% of the income within the country, which is at risk as soils become less productive. Various factors have led to this, climate change and land overuse being leading causes. Without adaptation, the rural to urban migration will continue to increase.Through Internet of Things (IoT) and specifically wireless sensor networks, we can change how we obtain and consume information. Small-scale farmers can collect data and in exchange receive useful information about their soils, temperature, humidity, and moisture content hence make better choices during crop production. Connected end devices bring in data, which is currently sparse in relation to small-scale farming. IoT will enable analysis and informed decision-making including crop selection, support equipment, fertilizers, irrigation, and harvesting. The cloud-based analysis will provide information useful for policy making and improvement.This chapter presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) in mesh topography using XBee communication module, communication, and raspberry pi, combined with a cloud-based data storage and analysis. We successfully set up a proof of concept to test a sensor node that sends information to a RPi and onto an online visualization platform.

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Sevink, Jan, and Otto Spaargaren. "Weathering and (Holocene) Soil Formation." In The Physical Geography of Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199277759.003.0027.

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The soils of western Europe are marked by superficial accumulation of organic matter as a result of its climate being temperate, rather wet, and leading to leaching and soil acidification. Soils are largely of Holocene age, many properties still being determined by their highly varied parent material. Even more prominent are the impacts of man in this densely populated and highly industrialized part of Europe, causing many soils to be partly or completely of anthropogenic origin. In this chapter, these main soil traits, their origin and distribution will be discussed, attention also being paid to the terminology used and its backgrounds. In the temperate, humid climate of western Europe, organic matter tends to decompose slowly, giving rise to accumulation of above-ground litter and to dark-coloured, humus-rich mineral topsoils. The retarded decomposition is associated with a low activity of soil biota and rather massive production of soluble organic acids, and particularly brought about by the prevailing site conditions such as relatively poor drainage, high precipitation, low temperature, and acid parent material. These site conditions are found over large tracts of western Europe, which therefore have acid, nutrient-poor soils with prominent accumulation of organic matter, such as Podzols and Histosols of the North European Lowlands, and Umbrisols of the middle and high altitude mountains. Bioturbation in these soils is generally weak and therefore soils have distinct horizons and a sharp boundary between the organic surface and mineral subsurface horizons, and thus exhibit large contrasts in soil properties with depth. Where parent materials are more basic and capable of neutralizing acids (e.g. limestone and marl) or climatic conditions are more favourable (e.g. in southern France), litter decomposition proceeds faster and soil biota are more active. In such soils, finely divided organic matter is intimately mixed with mineral material, litter layers are thin or absent and soil reaction tends to be neutral to slightly acid. Moreover, soil horizon differentiation is less prominent as a result of bioturbation, particularly by earthworms. The variation in topsoil properties is so prominent that it was immediately recognized in the early days of soil science and led to a still existing terminology for the description of topsoil organic matter.

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Oswood, Mark W., and Nicholas F. Hughes. "Running Waters of the Alaskan Boreal Forest." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0015.

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Running waters reflect the character of their landscape. Landscapes influence their streams by supplying dissolved ions to the water, determining the organic matter supply to stream foodwebs, and influencing water temperature and water flows (Gregory et al. 1991, Hynes 1975). The water that feeds streams has passed over and through the vegetation, soils, and rocks of the valley. Just as urine carries the chemical imprint of metabolic activities (such as diabetes), the kinds and amounts of dissolved matter delivered to stream channels carry the signature of the valley’s parent materials and biota. Riparian (streamside) vegetation similarly regulates the balance of carbon sources to stream consumers. In valleys with sparse riparian vegetation, abundant light at the streambed allows in-stream primary production by protists and plants to dominate. Where riparian vegetation forms a canopy over the stream, leaves and needles from shrubs and trees dominate carbon supplies to consumers because low light limits contributions from in-stream primary producers (Vannote et al. 1980). Water temperature and flow are complexly determined by climatic controls (e.g., air and soil temperatures, patterns of precipitation), landscape physiography (e.g., shading of streams by valley walls), and the filter of lightabsorbing and water-transpiring riparian vegetation. Thus, streams in the desert biome of the American Southwest, with intermittent droughts and floods, high water temperatures, and abundant light, are very different habitats from the cool, dark waters of perennial streams in the temperate rain forest of the Pacific Northwest coast (Fisher 1995). Likewise, streams in the boreal forest of Alaska (and in the cold circumboreal forests of the world) take their cues from the landscape. Cold permeates the ecology of the boreal landscape and the running waters therein. The consequences of high-latitude climate on running waters are at least three: creation of ice in both terrestrial and running water systems; limited inputs of organic matter and nutrients to foodwebs; and thermal effects of low water temperatures on biological processes (Oswood 1997). For forested streams, a good case can be made for autumn as the beginning of the stream’s “fiscal” year. Autumnal leaf fall from riparian vegetation provides a major proportion of the annual energy budget to stream foodwebs.

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Holliday, Vance T. "Soils and Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions." In Soils in Archaeological Research. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195149654.003.0011.

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One of the earliest uses of soils in archaeological research, in addition to stratigraphic markers, was as paleoenvironmental indicators. Similar to soil stratigraphy, the use of soils as environmental indicators in archaeological research probably has its roots in Quaternary geology (e.g., Leighton, 1937; Bryan, 1941a, 1948; Bryan and Albritton, 1943; Movius, 1944; Ruhe, 1965; Haynes, 1968; Valentine and Dalrymple, 1976). Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists working with archaeologists were quick to use soils as clues to past environments (e.g., Leighton, 1936; Antevs, 1941; Bryan, 1941a; Hopkins and Giddings, 1953; Haynes, 1968). Likewise, the nature of prehistoric environments has long been a fundamental question in archaeology. Recognition of the relationship of soil development and morphology to environmental conditions goes back to the beginning of modern pedology, in the later 19th century in Russia and in the early 20th century in the United States (Thorp, 1941, 1949; Tandarich and Sprecher, 1994; Johnson and Hole, 1994). Climate and vegetation in particular were understood as important soil-forming factors long before Jenny produced his landmark volume on Factors of Soil Formation (1941). What Jenny (1941, 1980) brought to the discussion was a theoretical means, using the state factor approach, of assessing the effect of vegetation and climate on soils. By understanding these relationships via biosequences or climosequences, we are theoretically able to pick out the morphological and chemical characteristics of soils that are linked to climate or to vegetation. Climate most directly influences pedogenesis through precipitation and temperature and influences pedogenesis indirectly through vegetation. The most direct effects of biota probably come from the addition of a wide range of chemical compounds, from bioturbation, and from rooting. This chapter is a discussion of those characteristics of soils that have some utility for environmental reconstructions, including climate and vegetation estimates. The chapter also includes some discussion of the potential pitfalls in using soils as paleoenvironmental indicators. Longer and more in-depth discussions of soil–environment relationships in the context of soil geomorphology or environmental reconstruction are presented by Birkeland (1999, pp. 268–306) and chapters in Wilding et al. (1983b) and Martini and Chesworth (1992, pp. 155–306).

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Schmidt, Steven K., and Ann E. West. "Soil-Atmosphere Gas Exchange." In Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117288.003.0020.

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The alpine, while not extensive in global area, has several advantages for trace gas research, particularly the spatial landscape heterogeneity in soil types and plant communities. This variation can be viewed as a “natural experiment,” allowing field measurements under extremes of moisture and temperature. While the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) record at Niwot Ridge extends back to 1968 (chapter 3), and NOAA has done extensive measurements on atmospheric chemistry at the subalpine climate station (e.g., Conway et al. 1994), work on tundra soil-atmosphere interactions were not initiated until recently. In 1992, studies were begun on Niwot Ridge to gain a comprehensive understanding of trace gas fluxes from alpine soils. Our sampling regime was designed to capture the spatial and temporal patterns of trace gas fluxes in the alpine. In addition, we coupled our studies of trace gas fluxes with ongoing studies of nitrogen cycling on Niwot Ridge (Fisk and Schmidt 1995,1996; Fisk et al. 1998; chapter 12). Methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were studied because of their role in global environmental change and because they could be easily monitored at our remote sites. On a per-molecule basis, CH4 and N2O are much more potent as greenhouse gases than CO2 is (Lashof and Ahuja 1990; Rodhe 1990). In addition, N2O plays a role in ozone depletion in the stratosphere. The global CH4 and N2O budgets are still poorly understood and the relative importance of soils in these budgets is even less clear. For example, estimates of the global soil sink for CH4 range from 9.0 to 55.9 Tg per year (Dörr et al. 1993). This range is large compared with the approximately 30 Tg of excess CH4 that is accumulating in the atmosphere every year. To better assess the role of soil in trace gas budgets, our work focused on investigating landscape patterns of gas fluxes (CH4, N2O, and CO2) and environmental controls on these fluxes.

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Schimel, Joshua P., and F. Stuart Chapin III. "Microbial Processes in the Alaskan Boreal Forest." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0020.

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Forest ecosystems typically occur in moderate environments where growing season rainfall is adequate to support tree growth and where nongrowing season conditions are not too extreme. The Alaskan boreal forests, however, occur at the limit of the forest biome, in an environment that is climatically extreme, with strong physical gradients. The seasonal variation in temperature is among the greatest on earth, with winter temperatures as low as –50ºC and summer growing season temperatures that can reach +30ºC (Chapter 4). The growing season is short, the climate is semi-arid, and growing season rainfall is limited. Forests exist in the region because evapotranspiration is also limited. Steep south-facing slopes can be too dry to support tree growth (Chapter 6). In contrast, in flat, low-lying areas, low evapotranspiration combined with permafrost produces wetlands despite the low rainfall. Regular drought makes the forest highly susceptible to fires. At large scales (many square kilometers), the boreal forest experiences regular, extensive fires that destroy whole stands, resetting succession (Chapter 17). This regular fire cycle produces a patchwork mosaic of forest stands in different successional stages across the landscape (Dyrness et al. 1986, Kasischke and Stocks 2000; Chapter 7). In large rivers (e.g., the Tanana), the cutting and filling of meander loops washes away some forest stands while depositing new silt bars for colonization and succession (Zasada 1986). At the landscape scale, the biogeochemical cycles in the boreal forest are therefore dominated by landscape structure (e.g., dry uplands vs. wet lowlands) and by disturbance (particularly fire). At smaller scales, however, the strong feedbacks between plant and soil processes control much of the functioning of individual forest stands, and possibly the rate of transition among successional stages. In this chapter, we discuss how microbial processes in the boreal forest produce unusual patterns of nutrient cycling that drive the overall functioning of boreal forest stands. Figure 14.1 illustrates the linkages between plant and microbial communities that dominate the functioning of the boreal forest soil system. In the feedbacks between plant and soil processes, plants drive the loop largely through inputs of organic materials.

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Maun, M. Anwar. "Seed germination and seedling establishment." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0010.

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For the transformation of a seed to a seedling complex physical and biochemical changes occur within a seed before germination can proceed. Germination is controlled by diverse seed dormancy mechanisms in plant species that delays germination until the conditions are most favourable for seed germination and seedling establishment (Thompson 1970). Baskin and Baskin (1998) identified four benefits for the evolution of seed dormancy in plants: (i) persistence in risky environments as seed banks, (ii) decreased intraspecific competition, (iii) improved chances of seedling establishment and (iv) increased fitness (seed production) of the individual and the species as a whole. They showed that seed dormancy may be caused by any one of physiological, morphological, physical, chemical and mechanical constraints or by a combination of more than one of these factors. For instance, seeds may possess an embryo with a physiological inhibiting mechanism, immature embryo, impermeable seed coat or may contain chemical inhibitors and hard woody fruit walls. In all of these cases seed dormancy is eventually broken by one or more of the following treatments: after ripening, heat treatment, cold temperature stratification, prolonged exposure to high temperatures, exposure to light, softening of seed coat by microbes or physical scarification, leaching of inhibiting chemicals, ageing of seeds and other subtle changes in the habitat. In temperate North America with snow cover during winter months the seeds of a large majority of sand dune species—Cakile edentula, Ammophila breviligulata, Calamovilfa longifolia, Iva imbricata, Croton punctatus, Uniola paniculata—and others require cold stratification at <4°C for 4–6 weeks to break their dormancy requirements. Seeds of some species such as A. breviligulata and U. paniculata that require cold stratification at the northern end of their range lose this requirement in the south (Seneca 1972). At southern locations exposure to high temperatures may be required to fulfil the dormancy requirements. Winter annuals, Vulpia ciliata, Cerastium atrovirens, Mibora minima and Saxifraga tridactylites, that grow and mature their seeds in early summer on sand dunes at Aberffraw, North Wales, require exposure to high soil temperatures to overcome a state of dormancy in a certain proportion of seeds at the time of dispersal (Carey and Watkinson 1993; Pemadasa and Lovell 1975).

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Badmaev, Nimazhap Bayarzhapovich, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Bazarov, and Roman Sergeevich Sychev. "Forest Fire Danger Assessment Using Meteorological Trends." In Predicting, Monitoring, and Assessing Forest Fire Dangers and Risks. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1867-0.ch008.

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The chapter presents the results of research in the Republic of Buryatia, where the number and area of fires have increased over the past 20 years due to the rise in temperature and aridity. Most of the fires are registered in the large river valleys where pine forests are formed, which have low soil moisture capacity. Fewer fires occurred on the Eastern Sayans, Khamar-Daban ridges, and the Stanovoye Highlands, where the precipitation maximum falls. A correlation analysis was carried out between meteorological parameters and fires in climate-contrasting forests. The lack of precipitation at the end of the previous summer, combined with the hot and dry spring weather of the current year, have a significant impact on fires in the arid ecosystems of the Transbaikal middle mountains. In the humid coastal climate of the Eastern Baikal region, the high temperature of the air determines the fires, but there is no precipitation.

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Mitchell, Katherine A., and Jeffrey E. Herrick. "Patterns and Controls of Soil Water in the Jornada Basin." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on controls and patterns of soil moisture in the Jornada Basin. First we describe general properties that commonly contribute to soil water heterogeneity; second, we offer a brief overview of soil water research in the Jornada Basin; and last, we describe specific patterns of soil water content and availability observed in the Jornada Basin. Our goal is to describe general patterns of soil water that are likely to occur across the Chihuahuan Desert region. In arid and semiarid regions, water is typically thought to be the most limiting resource to biological activity (Noy-Meir 1973), though colimitation by water and nitrogen may be a more general rule (Hooper and Johnson 1999; see also chapter 6). The availability of water affects plant productivity, microbial activity, activity of biological soil crusts, nutrient cycling, and organic matter decomposition. It also directly and indirectly affects soil erosion, chemical weathering, and carbonate formation. There are several hypotheses addressing how water availability affects plant productivity in desert environments. Beatley (1974) proposed that various functional types (e.g., shrub, perennial grass, annual forb) have different seasonal rainfall thresholds to trigger phenological responses. The annual productivity of functional types is therefore determined by the timing and amount of rainfall. Westoby (Noy-Meir 1973) proposed the pulse-reserve paradigm to explain population dynamics of desert plants. In this view, a rain event triggers a pulse of production. Some of that production is used to generate new tissue, but part of the production is diverted into reserves. The amount of reserves in part determines the next production pulse, as well as the minimum size of the next trigger event. Rainfall is highly variable both spatially and temporally in arid regions; therefore, understanding patterns of rainfall and interactions between rainfall patterns, soil characteristics, temperature, and topography are critical to predicting ecosystem responses. The relationship between average annual precipitation and plant productivity across arid regions has substantial predictive ability (Le Houérou 1984). However, for a given site, the relationship between annual precipitation and yearly plant productivity has limited explanatory power (Lauenroth and Sala 1992).

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Soil temperature. eng"

Dima, Milica, Aurelia Diaconu, Reta Drăghici, Drăghici Iulian, and Matei Gheorghe. "ASPECTS CONCERNING PEANUTS CROPS ON SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/34.

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"For the capitalization of the climate and soil conditions for the sandy soil region in Southern Oltenia by cultivating peanuts it is necessary to use varieties with large production abilities and proper technology for the crops. In view of its cultivation on south Oltenia sandy soils, there were carried out in the period 2004-2006, at the Plants Crops Research and Development Station on Sandy Soils Dabuleni, experiments have been set regarding aspects such as: the optimal seeding period, the recommendation varieties with high yield potential and balanced composition. The research was conducte

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Reda, M. Naser, Markus Spinnler, Rajib Mahamud, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Analytical Model of the Soil Temperature Distribution Based on Weather Data." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-9074.

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Abstract The measurement of soil temperature profiles for different locations or climates is essential for calculating the thermal performance of applications connected with the soil, e.g., underground heat storage systems. Estimating soil temperature profiles is identified as crucial knowledge for plant and crop growth as well as for germination in all agricultural tasks. The ground temperature depends on weather conditions (ambient temperature, solar irradiation, wind velocity, sky radiation, etc.) that contribute to the resulting temperature distribution within the soil close to the surface

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Polk, A. C., C. D. Carpenter, E. S. Guerry, et al. "Diesel-Ignited Propane Dual Fuel Low Temperature Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19110.

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This paper presents an experimental analysis of diesel-ignited propane dual fuel low temperature combustion (LTC) based on performance, emissions, and in-cylinder combustion data from a modern, heavy-duty diesel engine. The engine used for these experiments was a 12.9-liter, six-cylinder, direct injection heavy-duty diesel engine with electronic unit diesel injection pumps, a variable geometry turbocharger, and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The experiments were performed with gaseous propane (the primary fuel) fumigated upstream of the turbocharger and diesel (the pilot fuel) injecte

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Shafer, David S., David DuBois, Vic Etyemezian, et al. "Fire as a Long-Term Stewardship Issue for Soils Contaminated With Radionuclides in the Western U.S." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7181.

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On both U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Department of Defense sites in the southwestern United States (U.S.), significant areas of surface soils are contaminated with radionuclides from atmospheric nuclear testing, and with depleted uranium, primarily from military training. At DOE sites in Nevada, the proposed regulatory closure strategy for most sites is to leave contaminants in place with administrative controls and periodic monitoring. Closure-in-place is considered an acceptable strategy because the contaminated sites exist on access-restricted facilities, decreasing the potentia

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Luk, C. H., Xinhai Qi, and Jianxia Zhong. "Coupled Analysis of SCR and Flowline Under High Pressure and High Temperature." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23567.

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This paper presents a coupled design analysis for a Pipe-in-Pipe (PIP) Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) and Flowline (FL) system in 5000ft of water under high pressure and high temperature (HP/HT) conditions in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The finite element program ABAQUS is used to model the inner and outer pipes of the PIP system, the centralizer, the SCR hangoff, the flowline lateral and end supports, and pipe-soil interactions on the seabed. Thermal stresses and stress ranges caused by repeated temperature transients, axial and lateral displacements of SCR and flowline, as well as by the dynamic r

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Carneiro, Daniel, and David Murphy. "Simple Numerical Models for Pipeline Walking Accounting for Mitigation and Complex Soil Response." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49780.

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Non-buried subsea pipelines subjected to high internal pressures and high operational temperatures (HP/HT) may experience significant axial expansion. Asymmetries in the loading and unloading in startups and shutdowns (e.g. due to seabed slope, temperature transients or riser tension) may cause the axial displacements to accumulate over operational cycles, in a ratcheting process often called “pipeline walking”. Despite the complexity of the pipe-soil interaction governing this behavior, several analytical and simple numerical models have been used for estimating the total accumulated pipeline

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Wu, Li-Xia, and Mao-Yu Zheng. "Research of Combined Heating and Cooling by Solar Ground-Source Heat Pump and PCM Thermal Storage." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76045.

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In severely cold climate, significant amount of energy is used to heat buildings. Both the theoretical computation and experiments show that it is difficult and uneconomical to use solar energy collected merely in winter. A new method has been developed to store solar energy during summer, fall, and spring for winter heating. This paper presents in details the combined heating and cooling system by solar ground-source heat pump (GSHP) and short-term phase change material (PCM) thermal storage. The hybrid system and season-shift mode can make the sustainable use of solar energy possible. As for

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Borges Rodriguez, Antonio, Vishal Dantal, Victor Bjorn Smith, and Roselyn Carroll. "Soil Characterisation for Installing and Operating Deep-Water Pipelines." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54838.

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Deep-water developments rely on pipeline and riser systems to transfer hydrocarbon products to floating facilities or potentially longer tie-back pipelines to shallow water platforms/onshore facilities. Depending on the nature of the product and operational conditions, the pipeline and riser system design may need to consider a range of dynamic processes during operation such as (i) controlled lateral buckling of the pipeline in order to relieve excessive constrained axial forces induced by temperature and pressure changes in the system; (ii) the accumulation of pipeline axial displacement or

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Pike, Kenton, Gang Duan, Jason Sun, and Paul Jukes. "Comprehensive FEA of Thermal Mitigation Buoyancy Module (TMBM)–Soil Interaction Using the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) Method." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20885.

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Thermal expansion and global buckling is a critical design aspect for subsea flowline systems subjected to high pressure and high temperature (HPHT). In the Gulf of Mexico, HPHT oil/gas production is becoming exceedingly common as drilling and production depths extend deeper. Advanced finite element analysis becomes essential for flowline expansion and buckling design which is highly dependent on pipe-soil interaction behavior. For decades, pipe-soil interaction has been the focus of many research studies and joint industry projects. For HPHT flowline systems, thermal mitigation is decisive fo

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Allende, Maria I., Joshua E. Miller, B. Alan Davis, Eric L. Christiansen, Michael D. Lepech, and David J. Loftus. "Prediction of Micrometeoroid Damage to Lunar Construction Materials using Numerical Modeling of Hypervelocity Impact Events." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-036.

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Abstract Constructing a human-occupied Lunar base presents a unique civil engineering challenge; the resources to make conventional construction materials are unavailable. One approach, known as in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), proposes transforming local resources into construction materials [1,2]. One of the Moon’s most abundant resources is the unconsolidated surface “soil”, known as regolith. Several methods for transforming regolith into useful engineering elements, known as regolith stabilization, have been proposed and are the subjects of ongoing research efforts [e.g., 3-9]. One cl

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