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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Soil temperature. eng »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 8 février 2022

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1

Requejo, Jose M., Miguel Garrido-Izard, Eva C. Correa, Morris Villarroel, and Belen Diezma. "Corrigendum to “Pig ear skin temperature and feed efficiency: Using the phase space to estimate thermoregulatory effort” [Biosyst Eng 174 (2018) 80–88]." Biosystems Engineering 188 (December 2019): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.10.011.

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Ploeg, Antoon, and James Stapleton. "Glasshouse studies on the effects of time, temperature and amendment of soil with broccoli plant residues on the infestation of melon plants by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica." Nematology 3, no. 8 (2001): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101753625353.

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AbstractThe effects of heating, over a range of temperatures and for increasing periods of time, and of adding finely chopped broccoli leaves to soil infested by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on nematode infestation of melon, were studied in glasshouse experiments. There was a significant interaction between the effects of soil temperature, the period for which this temperature was maintained and broccoli amendment. At the lowest temperature tested (20°C), adding broccoli to the soil had very little effect on nematode infestation or galling of melon. Increasing the temperature of the b

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Wisser, D., S. Marchenko, J. Talbot, C. Treat, and S. Frolking. "Soil temperature response to 21st century global warming: the role of and some implications for peat carbon in thawing permafrost soils in North America." Earth System Dynamics 2, no. 1 (2011): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-2-121-2011.

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Abstract. Northern peatlands contain a large terrestrial carbon pool that plays an important role in the Earth's carbon cycle. A considerable fraction of this carbon pool is currently in permafrost and is biogeochemically relatively inert; this will change with increasing soil temperatures as a result of climate warming in the 21st century. We use a geospatially explicit representation of peat areas and peat depth from a recently-compiled database and a geothermal model to estimate northern North America soil temperature responses to predicted changes in air temperature. We find that, despite

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Wisser, D., S. Marchenko, J. Talbot, C. Treat, and S. Frolking. "Soil temperature response to 21st century global warming: the role of and some implications for peat carbon in thawing permafrost soils in North America." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 1 (2011): 161–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-2-161-2011.

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Abstract. Northern peatlands contain a large terrestrial carbon pool that plays an important role in the Earth's carbon cycle. A considerable fraction of this carbon pool is currently in permafrost and is biogeochemically relatively inert; this will change with increasing soil temperatures as a result of climate warming in the 21st century. We use a geospatially explicit representation of peat areas and peat depth from a recently-compiled database and a geothermal model to estimate northern North America soil temperature responses to predicted changes in air temperature. We find that, despite

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Luus, K. A., Y. Gel, J. C. Lin, R. E. J. Kelly, and C. R. Duguay. "Pan-Arctic linkages between snow accumulation and growing-season air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (2013): 7575–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7575-2013.

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Abstract. Arctic field studies have indicated that the air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation at a site influence the quantity of snow accumulated, and that snow accumulation can alter growing-season soil moisture and vegetation. Climate change is predicted to bring about warmer air temperatures, greater snow accumulation and northward movements of the shrub and tree lines. Understanding the responses of northern environments to changes in snow and growing-season land surface characteristics requires: (1) insights into the present-day linkages between snow and growing-season land surfac

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Luus, K. A., Y. Gel, J. C. Lin, R. E. J. Kelly, and C. R. Duguay. "Pan-Arctic linkages between snow accumulation and growing season air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (2013): 1747–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-1747-2013.

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Abstract. Arctic field studies have indicated that the air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation at a site influence the quantity of snow accumulated, and that snow accumulation can alter growing season soil moisture and vegetation. Climate change is predicted to bring about warmer air temperatures, greater snow accumulation and northward movements of the shrub and tree lines. Understanding the response of northern environments to changes in snow and growing season land surface characteristics requires: (1) insights into the present-day linkages between snow and growing season land surface

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Bond-Lamberty, Ben, A. Peyton Smith, and Vanessa Bailey. "Temperature and moisture effects on greenhouse gas emissions from deep active-layer boreal soils." Biogeosciences 13, no. 24 (2016): 6669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6669-2016.

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Abstract. Rapid climatic changes, rising air temperatures, and increased fires are expected to drive permafrost degradation and alter soil carbon (C) cycling in many high-latitude ecosystems. How these soils will respond to changes in their temperature, moisture, and overlying vegetation is uncertain but critical to understand given the large soil C stocks in these regions. We used a laboratory experiment to examine how temperature and moisture control CO2 and CH4 emissions from mineral soils sampled from the bottom of the annual active layer, i.e., directly above permafrost, in an Alaskan bor

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Mueller-Niggemann, C., S. R. Utami, A. Marxen, K. Mangelsdorf, T. Bauersachs, and L. Schwark. "Distribution of tetraether lipids in agricultural soils – differentiation between paddy and upland management." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 20 (2015): 16709–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-16709-2015.

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Abstract. Insufficient knowledge of the composition and variation of isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in agricultural soils exists, despite of the potential effect of different management types (e.g. soil/water and redox conditions, cultivated plants) on GDGT distribution. Here, we determined the influence of different soil management types on the GDGT composition in paddy (flooded) and adjacent upland (non-flooded) soils, and if available also forest, bushland and marsh soils. To compare the local effects on GDGT distribution patterns, we collected compara

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Okorokov, Nikita S., Alexandr N. Korkishko, and Anastаsiya P. Korzhikova. "An experimental study of a forced ventilation pile." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2020): 665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.5.665-677.

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Introduction. Thermal stabilization of foundation soils is a most widely spread method of engineering protection of structures in the cryolithic zone. Presently, as a rule, any construction is feasible if the footing temperature remains negative in the regions that have permafrost soils. In the article, the co-authors have analyzed a conceptually new method of thermal stabilization of soil, that is, the application of forced ventilation piles. The goal of the laboratory experiments is to simulate the frozen soil behaviour in case of its exposure to a ventilated and cooled pile. The co-authors

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Paraiba, Lourival Costa, and Petronio Pulino. "Pesticide dispersion-advection equation with soil temperature effect." Environmetrics 14, no. 3 (2003): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.593.

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Smith, Crystal N., and Donald L. Hagan. "Assessing the Relationship between Litter + Duff Consumption and Post-Fire Soil Temperature Regimes." Fire 3, no. 4 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3040064.

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The immediate effects of wildland fire on soil have been well documented. However, we know much less about the longer-term effects and their implications for plants. Post-fire soil temperature regimes, for example, have received relatively little research attention, despite potential effects on plant phenology and establishment. Using portable temperature datalogger units (iButtons), we conducted an experimental study to assess how fire severity (measured in terms of litter and duff consumption) influences biologically relevant temperature parameters such as diel minimums, maximums, means, and

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Mueller-Niggemann, Cornelia, Sri Rahayu Utami, Anika Marxen, Kai Mangelsdorf, Thorsten Bauersachs, and Lorenz Schwark. "Distribution of tetraether lipids in agricultural soils – differentiation between paddy and upland management." Biogeosciences 13, no. 5 (2016): 1647–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1647-2016.

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Abstract. Rice paddies constitute almost a fifth of global cropland and provide more than half of the world's population with staple food. At the same time, they are a major source of methane and therewith significantly contribute to the current warming of Earth's atmosphere. Despite their apparent importance in the cycling of carbon and other elements, however, the microorganisms thriving in rice paddies are insufficiently characterized with respect to their biomolecules. Hardly any information exists on human-induced alteration of biomolecules from natural microbial communities in paddy soil

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Lu, Caiyun, Chunjiang Zhao, Xiu Wang, et al. "Effect of Postsowing Compaction on Cold and Frost Tolerance of North China Plain Winter Wheat." International Journal of Agronomy 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1316808.

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Improper postsowing compaction negatively affects soil temperature and thereby cold and frost tolerance, particularly in extreme cold weather. In North China Plain, the temperature falls to 5 degrees below zero, even lower in winter, which is period for winter wheat growing. Thus improving temperature to promote wheat growth is important in this area. A field experiment from 2013 to 2016 was conducted to evaluate effects of postsowing compaction on soil temperature and plant population of wheat at different stages during wintering period. The effect of three postsowing compaction methods—(1) c

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Voropay, N. N., M. V. Kiselev, and A. A. Cherkashina. "Monitoring of soil temperatur on permafrost in natural and anthropogenic disturbed conditions in the Tunkinskaya Depression." Ice and Snow 59, no. 4 (2019): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2019-4-421.

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The territory of the study is the Tunkinsky intermountain basin (South-Western Baikal region, Republic of Buryatia) which belongs to the area of sporadic (island) distribution of permafrost. Soil temperature controls many biotic and abiotic processes in it, so it is important to monitor the freezing and thawing regimes in peat and mineral soils. The object of the study is coarse-humic cryogenic soils on sandy lacustrine-alluvial sediments. The first site was represented by natural coarse-humic cryogenic soils under spruce forest, while the second site was organized on the area where in 1960s t

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Jursík, M., J. Holec, J. Soukup, and V. Venclová. "Seasonal emergence of selected summer annual weed species in dependence on soil temperature." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 9 (2010): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/22/2010-pse.

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This study aimed to describe emergence cycles of selected weed species under Central European conditions in relation to cumulative soil temperatures from the start of the vegetation season. Emergence of Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Galinsoga ciliata, and Abutilon theophrasti was observed from March to October during the period 2001&ndash;2006 at two locations. The beginning of main field emergence was determined as the day when the sum of effective hour temperatures was achieved, and was detected from the second decade of April to early May for C. album, in the second decade

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Tsai, Chen-Chi, and Yu-Fang Chang. "Quality Evaluation of Poultry Litter Biochar Produced at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures as a Sustainable Management Approach and Its Impact on Soil Carbon Mineralization." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (2021): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091692.

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Poultry litter biochar (PLB) is a value-adding soil amendment and an economically sustainable approach that is used to enhance food safety and reduce environmental harm. Poultry litter biochar has promising potential but has been under-examined in regards to carbon (C) sequestration in relation to its type and application rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of PLB in enhancing the C sequestration of acid soils through a short-term incubation experiment. The soil was amended with different materials: PLB (1%, 5%, and 10%) and a control (non-amended). The resul

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Wheeler, J. A., N. M. Gonzalez, and K. A. Stinson. "Red hot maples: Acer rubrum first-year phenology and growth responses to soil warming." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 2 (2017): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0288.

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Microhabitat environmental conditions are an important filter for seedling establishment, controlling the availability of optimal recruitment sites. Understanding how tree seedlings respond to warming soil temperature is critical for predicting population recruitment in the future hardwood forests of northeastern North America, particularly as environmental conditions and thus optimal microhabitat availabilities change. We examined the effect of soil warming of 5 °C during the first growing season on germination, survival, phenology, growth, and stem and root biomass allocation in Acer rubrum

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Lamb, R. J., W. J. Turnock, and H. N. Hayhoe. "WINTER SURVIVAL AND OUTBREAKS OF BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON CANOLA." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 6 (1985): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent117727-6.

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AbstractThe winter survival of artificial and natural infestations of pupae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, are assessed in relation to soil temperature and snow depth. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that winter mortality affects the spatial distribution and timing of outbreaks of this pest. Pupae did not survive a Manitoba winter in snow-free field plots, but 55% survived in plots with 5 or 10 cm of snow. Pupal survival in the plots was estimated accurately from daily soil temperatures using a computer simulation model, confirming that natural soi

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Ziogas, Apostolos K., Coen J. Ritsema, Klaas Oostindie, and Louis W. Dekker. "Soil water repellency in north-eastern Greece with adverse effects of drying on the persistence." Soil Research 43, no. 3 (2005): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04087.

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Many soils may be water repellent to some degree, challenging the common perception that soil water repellency is only an interesting aberration. When dry, water repellent soils resist or retard water infiltration into the soil matrix. Soil water repellency often leads to the development of unstable wetting and preferential flow paths. In the present study the persistence of water repellency was examined on samples from topsoils in Thrace, north-eastern Greece, using the Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) test. The soil samples were collected from agricultural fields throughout the prefectures

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Ma, Junyong, Hairong Han, and Xiaoqin Cheng. "Soil temperatures and active carbon components as key drivers of C stock dynamics between two different stand ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation." PeerJ 8 (January 21, 2020): e8384. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8384.

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Forest soils sequester a large amount of carbon (C) and have a significant effect on the global C balance. Forests are commonly managed to maintain certain age structures but the effects of this management on soil C pools (kg C m−2) is still uncertain. We compared 40-year-old (1GF) and 24-year-old (2GF) plantations of Larix principis-rupprechtii in North China. Specifically, we measured environmental factors (e.g., soil temperature, moisture, and pH), the active C and nitrogen (N) pools (e.g., soil organic C, soil total N, dissolved organic C and N, microbial biomass C and N), and soil process

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Lorek, A., and N. Wagner. "Supercooled interfacial water in fine-grained soils probed by dielectric spectroscopy." Cryosphere 7, no. 6 (2013): 1839–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1839-2013.

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Abstract. Water substantially affects nearly all physical, chemical and biological processes on the Earth. Recent Mars observations as well as laboratory investigations suggest that water is a key factor of current physical and chemical processes on the Martian surface, e.g. rheological phenomena. Therefore it is of particular interest to get information about the liquid-like state of water on Martian analogue soils for temperatures below 0 °C. To this end, a parallel plate capacitor has been developed to obtain isothermal dielectric spectra of fine-grained soils in the frequency range from 10

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Schaafsma, A. W., G. H. Whitfield, and C. R. Ellis. "A TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MODEL OF EGG DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA LECONTE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 6 (1991): 1183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1231183-6.

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AbstractDevelopmental rates of post-diapause eggs of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte were compared in the laboratory at six constant temperatures, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32°C. Linear and nonlinear models were fitted to temperature versus developmental data and were used to predict egg hatch in the field. A four-parameter model fitted to median developmental rates (r2 = 0.99) indicated that development was linear between 16 and 28°C, optimal at 28°C, and decreased at 32°C. The lower development threshold (± SE) (10.5 ± 0.1°C) was determined by linear regression and the x-intercept metho

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Giné, Ariadna, Patricia Monfort, and Francisco Javier Sorribas. "Creation and Validation of a Temperature-Based Phenology Model for Meloidogyne incognita on Common Bean." Plants 10, no. 2 (2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020240.

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The thermal requirements of Meloidogyne incognita on Phaseolus vulgaris in a set of constant soil temperatures were determined and the phenology model was validated at fluctuating soil temperatures. The base temperature (Tb) and the thermal constant (S) from nematode inoculation to females starting to lay eggs were 11.3 °C and 323 accumulated degree days (DD), respectively; Tb = 10.5 °C and S = 147 DD from egg production to emergence of juveniles; and Tb = 11.1 °C and S = 476 DD for life cycle completion. At fluctuating soil temperatures in pots with the minimum lower than Tb and the maximum h

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Forcella, Frank. "Real-time assessment of seed dormancy and seedling growth for weed management." Seed Science Research 8, no. 2 (1998): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500004116.

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AbstractComputer software called WeedCast was developed to simulate weed seed dormancy, timing of seedling emergence, and seedling height growth in crop environments in real-time and using actual or forecasted weather data. Weather data include daily rainfall and minimum and maximum air temperatures. Air temperatures are converted to average daily soil temperature at 5-cm soil depth using a series of equations that are specific for soil type, tillage system and previous year's crop-residue type. Daily rainfall and soil temperature estimates are combined to determine soil water potential (in me

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Stevens, C., V. A. Khan, J. Y. Lu, et al. "THE EFFECT OF SOIL SOLARIZATION ON GROWTH AND UNEVEN RIPENING OF `CARLOS' MUSCADINE GRAPES." HortScience 26, no. 5 (1991): 486e—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.486e.

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In 1988 and 1989 a muscadine vineyard at Tuskegee, Alabama was treated by post soil solarization (PSS) (covering of moist soil around muscadine plants with clear polyethylene plastic mulch to achieve high soil temperature) for 30 and 75 days, respectively. The average soil temperature in 1989 of 50 and 35 C at 5cm depth for solarized and bare soil, respectively during PSS. The results showed no visible detrimental effect on `Carlos' muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) from the increased heating of the soil. And the grape plants grown in solarized soils showed increases in growth response e.g. incre

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Nie, Qingke, Wei Wang, Wenkai Guo, and Huawei Li. "Experimental Study on the Coupled Heat-Moisture-Heavy Metal Pollutant Transfer Process in Soils." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5510217.

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The coupled physical mechanism of heat conduction, moisture migration, and heavy metal transfer in a kaolin soil was studied by one-dimensional column tests. Two cyclic temperature tests show that, during the second cycle, the temperature close to the heat source of the soil column is lower than that during the first cycle and the temperature far away from the heat source is low, which reflects the influence of heating path. Correspondingly, the moisture content distribution during the second cycle is quite different from that during the first cycle. The higher the soil dry density is, the bet

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Calvet, Jean-Christophe, Noureddine Fritz, Christine Berne, Bruno Piguet, William Maurel, and Catherine Meurey. "Deriving pedotransfer functions for soil quartz fraction in southern France from reverse modeling." SOIL 2, no. 4 (2016): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-615-2016.

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Abstract. The quartz fraction in soils is a key parameter of soil thermal conductivity models. Because it is difficult to measure the quartz fraction in soils, this information is usually unavailable. This source of uncertainty impacts the simulation of sensible heat flux, evapotranspiration and land surface temperature in numerical simulations of the Earth system. Improving the estimation of soil quartz fraction is needed for practical applications in meteorology, hydrology and climate modeling. This paper investigates the use of long time series of routine ground observations made in weather

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Wortman, Sam E., Ignatius Kadoma, and Michael D. Crandall. "Biodegradable Plastic and Fabric Mulch Performance in Field and High Tunnel Cucumber Production." HortTechnology 26, no. 2 (2016): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.2.148.

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Polyethylene mulch use is common in vegetable production, but disposal of mulch is problematic for growers and of significant environmental concern. Biodegradable fabrics and plastic films are compostable and can be incorporated into the soil at the end of the growing season, but questions remain about the durability, performance, and rate of decomposition of these products after soil incorporation. Three trials were conducted in field and high tunnel cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cropping systems to compare performance and decomposition after use among two bioplastic films and four experimental

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Jiang, Hongchen, Liuqin Huang, Ye Deng, et al. "Latitudinal Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in the Agricultural Soils of Eastern China." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 18 (2014): 5593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01617-14.

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ABSTRACTThe response of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) communities to individual environmental variables (e.g., pH, temperature, and carbon- and nitrogen-related soil nutrients) has been extensively studied, but how these environmental conditions collectively shape AOB and AOA distributions in unmanaged agricultural soils across a large latitudinal gradient remains poorly known. In this study, the AOB and AOA community structure and diversity in 26 agricultural soils collected from eastern China were investigated by using quantitative PCR and bar-coded 454 pyrosequen

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Khan, Md Harunor Rashid. "Influence of salt marsh ecosystem on the concentration and emission of CO2 from the Wadden sea coast soil of northern Germany." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 29, no. 2 (2017): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v29i2.32326.

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A field study was conducted to evaluate the possible factors controlling the fluxes of carbon dioxide along a toposequence of daily to seasonally flooded coastal salt marsh soils. The soil at the top end of the salt marsh (with a height of 1.8 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and a dense vegetation cover) was salic silty to clayic (Typic Sulfaquent), while the soil at the bottom end (with some salt bushes and a 1.4 m a.s.l.) was sandy to silty (Haplic Sulfaquent). The mean (depth: 0 - 100 cm) values of pH were around 7, and of redox potentials (Eh) in the Typic Sulfaquent ranged from -162 to + 104 m

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Cox, K. D., and H. Scherm. "Oversummer Survival of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi in Relation to Pseudosclerotial Maturity and Soil Surface Environment." Plant Disease 85, no. 7 (2001): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.7.723.

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Pseudosclerotia (infected, mummified fruit) on the orchard floor act as oversummering and overwintering structures and the sole source of primary inoculum of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, the causal agent of mummy berry disease of blueberry. Survival of pseudosclerotia may be affected by their maturity (degree of stromatization), which can vary considerably at the time of fruit abscission in early summer, and by variations in the soil surface environment. From July through October in 2 years, survival of pseudosclerotia of varying initial maturity (expressed as the proportion of fruit containi

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Van Dasselaar, A. P., and E. A. Lantinga. "Modelling the carbon cycle of grassland in the Netherlands under various management strategies and environmental conditions." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 43, no. 2 (1995): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v43i2.575.

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A simulation model of the grassland carbon cycle (CCGRASS) was developed to evaluate the long-term effects of different management strategies and various environmental conditions on carbon sequestration in a loam soil under permanent grassland in the Netherlands. The model predicted that the rate of increase in the amount of soil organic carbon will be greatest at low to moderate application rates of nitrogen (100-250 kg N/ha per year). This is because the annual gross photosynthetic uptake of CO2 in permanent grassland is hardly influenced by the level of N supply. Since N shortage stimulates

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Larson, T. H., and A. T. Hsui. "An analytical study of a two‐layer transient thermal conduction problem as applied to soil temperature surveys." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 2 (1992): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443244.

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The soil temperature survey is an inexpensive exploration method in groundwater and geothermal resource investigations. In its simplest form, temperatures measured in shallow holes are analyzed to deduce variations in material properties. Typical interpretation schemes are based on simple, one‐layer solutions to the Fourier conduction equation using the annual solar cycle as a surface heat source. We present a solution to the more complicated two‐layer problem that can be computed using inexpensive personal computers and spreadsheet software. The most demanding mathematical requirement is the

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Wetterstedt, J. Å. M., and G. I. Ågren. "Quality or decomposer efficiency – which is most important in the temperature response of litter decomposition? A modelling study using the GLUE methodology." Biogeosciences 8, no. 2 (2011): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-477-2011.

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Abstract. We still lack full mechanistic understanding of how the temperature history affects the future decomposition rate of litter and soil organic matter. To explore that, we used the GLUE modelling framework together with the Q-model and data from a needle litter incubation experiment to compare a differential temperature response of litter qualities to a temperature-dependent decomposer efficiency. The needle litter incubation was a full factorial design with the initial and final temperatures 5, 15 and 25 °C. Samples were moved from the initial to the final temperature when approximatel

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Veres, P. R., T. Behrendt, A. Klapthor, F. X. Meixner, and J. Williams. "Volatile Organic Compound emissions from soil: using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) for the real time observation of microbial processes." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 8 (2014): 12009–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-12009-2014.

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Abstract. In this study we report on the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitric oxide (NO) from two contrasting soils (equatorial rainforest and arid cotton field) analyzed in a laboratory based dynamic chamber system. The effect of soil moisture and soil temperature on VOC and NO emission was examined in laboratory incubation experiments by measuring as a pre-saturated soil dried out. Our results suggest that real time monitoring of VOC emissions from soil using a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) instrument can be used to improve our und

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Savich, V. I., V. V. Gukalov, A. E. Sorokin, and M. D. Konakh. "Agroecological evaluation of interrelationships of soil properties in time and space." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 106 (March 27, 2021): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-163-175.

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This paper assesses the relationship between the physico-chemical and agro-chemical properties of sod-podzolic soils in the Moscow region and ordinary heavy-loamy chernozems in the Krasnodar region within the catenas and down the soil profile. Soil properties changed significantly through seasonal dynamics. From the end of April to the middle of June in the soil solution of sod-podzolic soils, the value of Eh varied from 534 to 759 mv, the ratio of NO3/NH4 – from 0.2 to 15.4; the content of water-soluble manganese – from 4.0 to 10.1. At the same time, there was a delay in change of soil proper

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Ebel, B. A., E. S. Hinckley, and D. A. Martin. "Soil-water dynamics and unsaturated storage during snowmelt following wildfire." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 5 (2012): 1401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1401-2012.

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Abstract. Many forested watersheds with a substantial fraction of precipitation delivered as snow have the potential for landscape disturbance by wildfire. Little is known about the immediate effects of wildfire on snowmelt and near-surface hydrologic responses, including soil-water storage. Montane systems at the rain-snow transition have soil-water dynamics that are further complicated during the snowmelt period by strong aspect controls on snowmelt and soil thawing. Here we present data from field measurements of snow hydrology and subsurface hydrologic and temperature responses during the

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Ebel, B. A., E. S. Hinckley, and D. A. Martin. "Soil-water dynamics and unsaturated storage during snowmelt following wildfire." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 1 (2012): 441–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-441-2012.

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Abstract. Many forested watersheds with a substantial fraction of precipitation delivered as snow have the potential for landscape disturbance by wildfire. Little is known about the immediate effects of wildfire on snowmelt and near-surface hydrologic responses, including soil-water storage. Montane systems at the rain-snow transition have soil-water dynamics that are further complicated during the snowmelt period by strong aspect controls on snowmelt and soil thawing. Here we present data and analysis from field measurements of snow hydrology and subsurface hydrologic and temperature response

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Marchand, Nicolas, Alain Royer, Gerhard Krinner, Alexandre Roy, Alexandre Langlois, and Céline Vargel. "Snow-Covered Soil Temperature Retrieval in Canadian Arctic Permafrost Areas, Using a Land Surface Scheme Informed with Satellite Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (2018): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111703.

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High-latitude areas are very sensitive to global warming, which has significant impacts on soil temperatures and associated processes governing permafrost evolution. This study aims to improve first-layer soil temperature retrievals during winter. This key surface state variable is strongly affected by snow’s geophysical properties and their associated uncertainties (e.g., thermal conductivity) in land surface climate models. We used infrared MODIS land-surface temperatures (LST) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) brightness temperatures (Tb) at 10.7 and 18.7 GHz to co

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Jansen-Willems, Anne B., Gary J. Lanigan, Timothy J. Clough, Louise C. Andresen, and Christoph Müller. "Long-term elevation of temperature affects organic N turnover and associated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in a permanent grassland soil." SOIL 2, no. 4 (2016): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-601-2016.

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Abstract. Over the last century an increase in mean soil surface temperature has been observed, and it is predicted to increase further in the future. In order to evaluate the legacy effects of increased temperature on both nitrogen (N) transformation rates in the soil and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, an incubation experiment and modelling approaches were combined. Based on previous observations that gross N transformations in soils are affected by long-term elevated-temperature treatments we hypothesized that any associated effects on gaseous N emissions (e.g. N2O) can be confirmed by a cha

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Heidrich, Pola, Edith Lambert, Arnd Kessler, et al. "Applicability of near infrared spectroscopy for real-time soil detection during automatic dishwashing." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 27, no. 3 (2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033518821835.

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The purpose of this study was to utilize NIR spectrometry to develop a novel method to detect and determine concentrations of different soils in dishwashing liquor during automatic dishwashing in real-time. If it is possible to differentiate between soils, this could be an opportunity to react specifically to them (e.g. by increasing the water temperature if fat components are not sufficiently emulsifying). The possibility of an automatic adaptation of the dishwashing process to different soils and soil levels could lead to a shorter, more environmentally friendly and cost-reducing process. In

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Avrahami, Sharon, and Brendan J. M. Bohannan. "Response of Nitrosospira sp. Strain AF-Like Ammonia Oxidizers to Changes in Temperature, Soil Moisture Content, and Fertilizer Concentration." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 4 (2006): 1166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01803-06.

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ABSTRACT Very little is known regarding the ecology of Nitrosospira sp. strain AF-like bacteria, a unique group of ammonia oxidizers within the Betaproteobacteria. We studied the response of Nitrosospira sp. strain AF-like ammonia oxidizers to changing environmental conditions by applying molecular methods and physiological measurements to Californian grassland soil manipulated in the laboratory. This soil is naturally high in Nitrosospira sp. strain AF-like bacteria relative to the much-better-studied Nitrosospira multiformis-like ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Increases in temperature, soil moi

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Saidapur, Srinivas, Rajkumar Radder, and Bhagyashri Shanbhag. "Influence of incubation temperature and substrate on eggs and embryos of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daud.)." Amphibia-Reptilia 23, no. 1 (2002): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853802320877636.

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AbstractThe influence of incubation temperature and substrate on hatching success, duration of incubation and hatchlings' traits in Calotes versicolor was studied experimentally. The eggs were incubated in soil at 1) ambient (27°C±2 s), 2) ambient temperature and exposed to 35°C for 1 or 3hrs/day, 3) constant 30°C, 33°C and 35°C. In another experiment soil, sand or cotton wool was used as incubation substrate at ambient temperature. Duration of incubation was inversely related to incubation temperature. Hatching success was high at ambient (93%), at 30°C (89%) and for eggs exposed to 1 hr (94%

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Jänsch, S., M. J. Amorim, and J. Römbke. "Identification of the ecological requirements of important terrestrial ecotoxicological test species." Environmental Reviews 13, no. 2 (2005): 51–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a05-007.

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For about 20 years, standardized soil ecotoxicological tests have relied on the use of an artificial soil substrate (e.g., Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; OECD). For both the extrapolation of data obtained in the laboratory to the field situation, as well as the biological assessment of contaminated sites, this approach alone is not sufficient anymore. For this reason a literature review has been performed to investigate the ecological requirements of important terrestrial ecotoxicological test species. The invertebrate species included were Eisenia fetida, E. andrei (e

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Paporisch, Amit, Yael Laor, Baruch Rubin, Guy Achdari, and Hanan Eizenberg. "Application Timing and Degradation Rate of Sulfosulfuron in Soil Co-affect Control Efficacy of Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) in Tomato." Weed Science 66, no. 6 (2018): 780–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2018.49.

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AbstractEgyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiacaPers.) is a root-parasitic weed that severely damages many crops worldwide, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.). In Israel, the management protocol used forP. aegyptiacain open-field tomato includes PPI sulfosulfuron at 37.5 g ai ha−1to the top 10-cm soil layer. The objective of this study was to investigate the co-effect of sulfosulfuron application timing and variable degradation rate in soil on the control efficacy ofP. aegyptiacain tomato. Degradation of sulfosulfuron (80ng g−1soil) at a temperature of 15C, measured in soil samples fr

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Naether, Astrid, Bärbel U. Foesel, Verena Naegele, et al. "Environmental Factors Affect Acidobacterial Communities below the Subgroup Level in Grassland and Forest Soils." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 20 (2012): 7398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01325-12.

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ABSTRACTIn soil,Acidobacteriaconstitute on average 20% of all bacteria, are highly diverse, and are physiologically activein situ. However, their individual functions and interactions with higher taxa in soil are still unknown. Here, potential effects of land use, soil properties, plant diversity, and soil nanofauna on acidobacterial community composition were studied by cultivation-independent methods in grassland and forest soils from three different regions in Germany. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries representing all studied soils revealed that grassland soils were dominated b

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Luo, G. J., N. Brüggemann, B. Wolf, R. Gasche, and K. Butterbach-Bahl. "Decadal variability of soil CO<sub>2</sub> NO, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes at the Höglwald Forest, Germany." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (2011): 12197–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-12197-2011.

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Abstract. Besides agricultural soils, temperate forest soils have been identified as significant sources of or sinks for important atmospheric trace gases (N2O, NO, CH4, and CO2). Although the number of studies for this ecosystem type increased more than tenfold during the last decade, studies covering an entire year and spanning more than 1–2 yr remained scarce. This study reports the results of continuous measurements of soil-atmosphere C- and N-gas exchange with high temporal resolution carried out since 1994 at the Höglwald Forest spruce site, an experimental field station in Southern Germ

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Abrecht, DG, and KL Bristow. "Coping with soil and climatic hazards during crop establishment in the semi-arid tropics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960971.

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Climatic induced hazards (e.g. water deficit, high soil temperature and high soil strength) that adversely affect seedling emergence and establishment of annual crops on red earth soils (Kandsols) at Katherine in the Daly basin of the Northern Territory are reviewed and results of some recent simulation studies and experiments are presented. Simulation studies, using 100 years of historical weather data, have shown that maize and sorghum density at Katherine is rarely reduced by water deficit during crop establishment. However, the median number of days between 1 December and 20 January during

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Dahl, Mathilde Borg, Derek Peršoh, Anke Jentsch, and Jürgen Kreyling. "Root-Associated Mycobiomes of Common Temperate Plants (Calluna vulgaris and Holcus lanatus) Are Strongly Affected by Winter Climate Conditions." Microbial Ecology 82, no. 2 (2021): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01667-7.

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AbstractWinter temperatures are projected to increase in Central Europe. Subsequently, snow cover will decrease, leading to increased soil temperature variability, with potentially different consequences for soil frost depending on e.g. altitude. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of increased winter soil temperature variability on the root associated mycobiome of two plant species (Calluna vulgaris and Holcus lanatus) at two sites in Germany; a colder and wetter upland site with high snow accumulation and a warmer and drier lowland site, with low snow accumulation. Mesocosm monocul

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Tian, Runze, Yu Zhang, Anhua Xu, Xuemei Li, Yunlong Hou, and Bowen Tai. "Impact of Cooling on Water and Salt Migration of High-Chlorine Saline Soils." Geofluids 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8612762.

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Secondary salinization is a common problem in saline soil projects. In order to grasp the mechanism of water and salt migration of high-chlorine saline soil during the cooling process, the saline soils along the Qarhan-Golmud Highway in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were selected as test samples. Firstly, the basic physical parameter test and the soluble salt chemical experiment were carried out and obtained liquid and plastic limits, dry density, etc. Secondly, freezing temperature experiments and water-salt migration experiments under one-way cooling conditions were conducted according to the ac

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