Bibliographies thématiques / Wage decline

Sommaire

Articles de revues
Thèses
Livres
Chapitres de livres
Actes de conférences
Rapports d'organisations

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Wage decline »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 19 juillet 2025

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres

Choisissez une source :

Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Wage decline ».

À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.

Articles de revues sur le sujet "Wage decline"

Krashinsky, Harry. "The Effect of Labor Market Institutions on Salaried and Self-Employed Less-Educated Men in the 1980S." ILR Review 62, no. 1 (2008): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390806200104.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Less-educated workers exhibited negative real wage growth from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. Frequently cited to explain this pattern are such labor market trends as union decline and the falling real value of the minimum wage, but also of concern is the possible contribution of decreased demand, caused by factors such as skill-biased technological change. To investigate the relative importance of these determinants, the author, using CPS data, compares the experiences of wage-and-salary workers with those of the self-employed. Wages apparently declined little for less-educated self-employed workers, but greatly for similar wage-and-salary workers. Because self-employed workers are affected by the same demand shocks as wage-and-salary workers but are not subject to labor market institutions such as the minimum wage or labor unions, the author concludes that the main source of the observed negative real wage growth was the decline of labor market institutions, not skill-biased technological change.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Machin, Stephen, and Alan Manning. "The Effects of Minimum Wages on Wage Dispersion and Employment: Evidence from the U.K. Wages Councils." ILR Review 47, no. 2 (1994): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404700210.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Using data on Wages Council coverage from the United Kingdom New Earnings Survey, the authors examine the impact of mandated minimum wages on wage dispersion and employment in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. They find evidence that a dramatic decline in the toughness of the regulation imposed by the Wages Councils through the 1980s—a decline, that is, in the level of the minimum wage relative to the average wage—significantly contributed to widening wage dispersion over those years. There is, however, no evidence of an increase in employment resulting from the weakening bite of the Wages Council minimum pay rates. Instead, consistent with the conclusions of several recent U.S. studies, the findings suggest that the minimum wage had either no effect or a positive effect on employment.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Bayard, Kimberly, Tomaz Cajner, Vivi Gregorich, and Maria D. Tito. "Are Manufacturing Jobs Still Good Jobs? An Exploration of the Manufacturing Wage Premium." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022, no. 010 (2022): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.011.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This paper explores the factors behind differences in wages between manufacturing and other sectors. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we find that the manufacturing wage premium—the additional pay a manufacturing worker earns relative to a comparable nonmanufacturing worker—disappeared in recent years and that the erosion of the premium has primarily affected workers employed in production occupations, who experienced a wage decline of 2.5 percentage points since the 1990s relative to other workers in production occupations. While the demographic composition and other worker observables introduce level differences in manufacturing premia, our analysis suggests that they are not responsible for the declining trends. A decomposition of the premium by union membership status reveals that declines have been substantially larger across union members. To quantify the role of unionization membership on wage premia, we exploit the heterogeneity in membership status across industries within manufacturing. We find that the decline in union membership explains more than 70 percent of the decline in premia since the 1990s for union members, but the declines in unionization rates have not significantly affected non-union premia, which have instead responded to other factors, such as capital intensity. Our findings suggest that the erosion of “good” manufacturing jobs has contributed to the increase in overall wage inequality and could accelerate the decline of the manufacturing sector.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Challú, Amílcar E., and Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato. "MEXICO’S REAL WAGES IN THE AGE OF THE GREAT DIVERGENCE, 1730-1930." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 33, no. 1 (2015): 83–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s021261091500004x.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

ABSTRACTThis study builds the first internationally comparable index of real wages for Mexico City bridging the 18thand the early 20thcentury. Real wages started out in relatively high international levels in the mid 18thcentury, but declined from the late 1770s on, with some partial and temporal rebounds after the 1810s. After the 1860s, real wages recovered and eventually reached 18th-century levels in the early 20thcentury. Real wages of Mexico City’s workers subsequently fell behind those of high-wage economies to converge with the lower fringes of middle-wage economies. The age of the global Great Divergence was Mexico’s own age of stagnation and decline relative to the world economy.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Neumark, David, and William Wascher. "Employment Effects of Minimum and Subminimum Wages: Panel Data on State Minimum Wage Laws." ILR Review 46, no. 1 (1992): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204600105.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Using panel data on state minimum wage laws and economic conditions for the years 1973–89, the authors reevaluate existing evidence on the effects of a minimum wage on employment. Their estimates indicate that a 10% increase in the minimum wage causes a decline of 1–2% in employment among teenagers and a decline of 1.5–2% in employment for young adults, similar to the ranges suggested by earlier time-series studies. The authors also find evidence that youth subminimum wage provisions enacted by state legislatures moderate the disemployment effects of minimum wages on teenagers.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Oliver, Damian, and Serena Yu. "The Australian labour market in 2017." Journal of Industrial Relations 60, no. 3 (2018): 298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618763975.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Low wage growth consistently featured as the main underlying characteristic of the Australian labour market in 2017. Overall economic conditions remained weak, although unemployment was fairly static. All indicators of average wage growth declined: average weekly earnings, the wage price index and the average annual wage increase in enterprise agreements. Collective bargaining coverage continued to decline. Although the 3.3% minimum wage increase represents a modest increase in real wages for low-paid workers, the Fair Work Commission decision to reduce Sunday and public holiday penalty rates for some award-reliant workers would put further downward pressure on workers’ incomes. There were more successful applications to terminate expired enterprise agreements, including those where wage rates were thought to be uncompetitive and unsustainable. The underlying causes of low wage growth remain contested. Despite some agreement that the regulatory framework is a contributing factor, firm proposals for regulatory change are yet to emerge.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Devereux, Paul J. "Effects of Industry Growth and Decline on Gender and Education Wage Gaps in the 1980S." ILR Review 58, no. 4 (2005): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390505800402.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The author uses longitudinal data to study the effects of industry growth and decline on wage changes between 1976 and 2001. He finds that over this period, workers who were initially in industries that subsequently expanded enjoyed faster wage growth than other workers. Moreover, wage growth was strongly related to employment changes in industries the individual was likely to move to: that is, workers' wage growth tended to be relatively fast if their skills suited them for entry into rapidly expanding industries, whether or not they actually moved between industries. The author uses the estimates to evaluate the effects of industry demand changes on within-cohort relative wages during the 1980s. He finds that changes in industrial composition can account for most of the within-cohort increase in the wages of women relative to men and about 30–50% of the increase in the relative wages of more educated groups within cohorts.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Grimes, Paul W. "Right-To-Work Legislation and the Economic Position of Black Workers." Review of Black Political Economy 15, no. 4 (1987): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02903731.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Recent empirical analysis of state right-to-work legislation indicates that a negative wage effect may result as a consequence of banning union shop contracts. It has been previously shown that industrial unionism tends to improve the relative wage position of black workers. Thus, it is hypothesized that if state right-to-work laws weaken the economic power of unions to raise wages, black workers will experience a disproportionate decline in their relative wage position. Black workers in right-to-work states would therefore experience a reduction in their relative economic position unless a strong positive relative employment effect occurs in response to the decline in wages. Using a cross-sectional regression model this article examines the relative employment effect due to right-to-work legislation. The results indicate that black workers experience a statistically significant decline in their relative employment rate within right-to-work states. When this finding is coupled with the hypothesized negative wage effect, it is concluded that right-to-work legislation results in a worsening of the net economic position of black workers.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Brown, Meta, Christopher J. Flinn, and Andrew Schotter. "Real-Time Search in the Laboratory and the Market." American Economic Review 101, no. 2 (2011): 948–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.948.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

While widely accepted labor market search models imply a constant reservation wage policy, empirical evidence strongly suggests that reservation wages decline in search duration. This paper reports the results of the first real-time-search laboratory experiment. The controlled environment subjects face is stationary, and the payoff-maximizing reservation wage is constant. Nevertheless, subjects' reservation wages decline sharply over time. We investigate two hypotheses to explain this decline: 1. Searchers respond to the stock of accruing search costs. 2. Searchers experience non-stationary subjective costs of time spent searching. Our data support the latter hypothesis, and we substantiate this conclusion both experimentally and econometrically. (JEL C91, D83, J64)

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Aldan, Altan, and Hatice Burcu Gürcihan Yüncüler. "Real wages and the business cycle in Turkey." Acta Oeconomica 72, no. 1 (2022): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2022.00006.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract The article analyzes the direction and scope of the responsiveness of real wages to the business cycle in Turkey using longitudinal data from 2005 to 2015. We found that wages in Turkey are procyclical; one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate induces a 0.6% decline in real wages. There is a variation in the patterns along the lines of wage distribution among the subgroups with relations to skills. Less-educated workers have acyclical wages. Compatible with this evidence, we found that the workers who earn around the minimum wage also have acyclical wages. High share of minimum wage earners suppresses wage cyclicality. Consistent with strict employment protection legislation and loose wage determination, wages of relatively high-income employees who mostly have formal work arrangements are procyclical.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Wage decline"

Prizer, Timothy C. Sawin Patricia. "Pining for turpentine critical nostalgia, memory, and commemorative expression in the wake of industrial decline /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2879.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed May. 20, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Folklore Program, Department of American Studies." Discipline: Folklore; Department/School: Folklore.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

PIRIU, ANDREEA ALEXANDRA. "ESSAYS ON GLOBALISATION: EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/728739.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This thesis studies the effects of import competition from China and Eastern Europe on the health and fertility decisions of German individuals working in manufacturing. Individuals are matched with separate measures of exposure to competition from China and Eastern Europe, respectively. To isolate exogenous supply shocks from the origin, instrumental variables for competition from each of China and Eastern Europe are constructed. Results in Chapter 1 suggest that higher import competition worsens individual health via job displacement, wage decline, shortened employment duration, increased reliance on welfare and less future orientation, with Chinese import competition affecting individuals twice as much. Health declines as individuals increase their visits to the doctor, exercise less frequently and have a higher probability of developing chronic illness. Also, there is some evidence that individuals do not tend to become disabled but may be slowly pushed into chronic illness. Findings in Chapter 2 show that import competition negatively affects the individual’s probability of having children via reduced earnings, lower satisfaction with personal income and shortened employment duration. The chapter then investigates effects of import exposure by gender. Results show that male and female fertility choices differ upon rising import competition. Higher import exposure lowers female earnings and job autonomy, which in turn generates a lower opportunity cost of work, to the point where having children would become a more rewarding alternative for female workers. By contrast, increased import exposure negatively affects male workers’ fertility through reduced earnings and employment duration.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

"The end of solidarity? : the decline of egalitarian wage policies in Italy and Sweden." Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology], 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/2620.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Khandoker, Tajkira. "A stock-flow-consistent model of macroeconomic and financial instability." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1397937.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>While the 2007-2008 global financial crisis (GFC) began as a localised financial disturbance due to the collapse of the US real estate boom, it quickly transformed into a global economic downturn due to the inter-connectivity of the international financial system. The aim of this study has been to analyse the underlying causes of the 2007–2008 GFC through a stock-flow-consistent macroeconomic modelling approach (SFC). Economists following the Post-Keynesian tradition believe that the slackening aggregate demand in both the US and in many other nations has been caused by policies of continual fiscal withdrawal, aggravated by the decades-long decline of wage share in the GDP, which in combination has led the non-government sector into cumulative deficits and rising indebtedness. The key contribution of this study has been an investigation into the impact of this coupling of real wage repression and declining government, complemented by an analysis of financial behaviour on the part of private sector agents (e.g. credit rationing, asset price appreciation), which was seen to have undermined financial and macroeconomic stability in the US (and elsewhere). To this end, a tractable, and parsimonious stock-flow-consistent macroeconomic model (SFC) with four-sectors (household, production firm, commercial bank and consolidated government) was constructed. Three independent sets of simulations, focusing, respectively, on: (i) government-expenditure and wage-share shocks; (ii) wage-share, interest-rate and-house-price shocks, and, (iii) marginal propensity to consume (MPC), interest-rate, and-house-price shocks were analysed by examining the aftershock paths of most of the key growth variables, both the short run and long run. The first and second set of simulations had similar consequences for the economy. However, due to the presence of capital gains from house price appreciation, in the second set, the increasing net wealth of the households boosted autonomous consumption. The third set featured growth of consumption induced by income. In summary, policies aimed at promoting a consistent and rapid appreciation of asset prices, as pursued by many nations, were shown to be associated with burgeoning private debt, ultimately, with recessionary consequences. Hopefully, this thesis will contribute to a better understanding the downside for policies of this kind, which characterise the current era of New Capitalism—one marked, in particular, by consumption-related expenditure that has become more autonomous in relation to disposable income. The findings can also be applied to the evaluation of more sustainable policy alternatives—including those associated with a currency-sovereign government exploiting its freedom to engage in fiscal policy directed at the maintenance of overall macroeconomic and financial stability.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

"Pining for turpentine: Critical nostalgia, memory, and commemorative expression in the wake of industrial decline." THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1467322.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Livres sur le sujet "Wage decline"

B, Freeman Richard. Getting together and breaking apart: The decline of centralised collective bargaining. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Moffitt, Robert. The decline of welfare benefits in the U.S.: The role of wage inequality. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Watts, Tim J. The decline of American labor: Give backs and wage concessions in the 1980's. Vance Bibliographies, 1987.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Barrientos, Armando. J.S. Mill's "recantation" of the wage fund doctrine and the decline of classical economics. EalingCollege of Higher Education, 1988.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Clifton, Eric V. The decline of traditional sectors in Israel: The role of the exchange rate and the minimum wage. International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 1998.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Lefberg, Irv. The restructuring of the Washington economy in the 1980s: Another look at the earnings decline, part II. Washington State, Office of Financial Management, Forecasting Division, 1990.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Lanjouw, Peter. Poverty decline, agricultural wages, and non-farm employment in rural India: 1983-2004. World Bank, 2009.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Goldin, Claudia Dale. The decline of non-competing groups: Changes in the premium to education, 1890 to 1940. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Office, General Accounting. Tax administration: Impact of compliance and collection program declines on taxpayers : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. U.S. General Accounting Office, 2002.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Oklahoma's decade of decline. Oklahoma Dept. of Labor, 2000.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Wage decline"

Stabile, Donald R. "The Decline and Revival of a Living Wage." In Macroeconomic Policy and a Living Wage. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01998-3_8.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Gajderowicz, Tomasz, and Maciej Jakubowski. "Poland: Education During and After COVID-19 Pandemic and Educational Reforms." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69284-0_9.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractThe COVID-19 closures lasted at least 26 weeks in Poland, longer than in most EU countries. The Polish government’s response revealed inadequacies in planning and execution. Evidence from international and national studies shows that the related achievement decline is equivalent to at least one year of education and probably more immense for some students. We calculate that the lower estimate of the achievement decline is associated with reduced GDP growth by 0.35% points. The estimated wage loss per student over a 45-year working life sums up to an economic loss of 7.2% of Poland’s 2021 GDP.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Gumata, Nombulelo, and Eliphas Ndou. "What Are the Effects of the Minimum Wage and Productivity Growth on the Manufacturing Sector Output and Employment Growth?" In The Secular Decline of the South African Manufacturing Sector. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55148-3_27.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Suleman, Fátima, Maria da Conceição Torres Figueiredo, and Rita Henriques Guimarães. "Are Graduates Working in Graduate Occupations? Insights from the Portuguese Labour Market." In Rethinking Graduate Employability in Context. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20653-5_7.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractOur study draws on the Portuguese linked employer-employee data (2007–2019) to examine the type of occupations assigned to young bachelor and master graduates. Empirical findings show positive signs but sound some alarms. Postgraduates are assigned to high-skilled jobs that could be done by bachelors, who are more likely to work in skilled non-manual or even elementary occupations. The wage gap across levels of education is increasing, thus devaluing the bachelor’s degree. We found that the wages of all young people declined due to the economic recession. The data show a gap between bachelor’s and master’s after the consolidation of the higher education reform. The expansion of higher education increased the supply of graduates, with the most marked consequences seen at the bachelor level.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Galal, Rami, and Mona Said. "The Evolution of Wage Formation and Inequality in Jordan, 2010–2016." In The Jordanian Labor Market. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846079.003.0003.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This chapter investigates wage formation and inequality in Jordan. It takes stock of the main distributional features of the Jordanian wage structure focusing on population subgroups by gender, sector, occupational skill-level, industry, geographic location, and level of education as well as low-wage earners. It explores mobility within the distribution and to provide some explanation for the evolution of inequality, it estimates the returns to education, as well as sector-based and gender-based wage differentials. The results show a rise in real wages and a decline in inequality. Wages across different subgroups display compression from both ends of the distribution, with fewer Jordanians falling below the low-wage earnings line, and wages for the highest-paid groups declining. Rises in median wages hold across the population, even among more disadvantaged groups, for example the illiterate. Declining incremental returns to education and narrowing sector-based and gender-based wage differentials are consistent with the overall decline in wage inequality.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

"Of Sticky Prices and Stinking Fish: The Wage-Price Spiral." In America in Decline. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315706603-8.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nogueira, Mara. "“I Voted Bolsonaro for President”: Street Vending and the Crisis of Labour Representation in Belo Horizonte, Brazil." In Beyond the Wage. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208931.003.0011.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Around the world, political parties founded on trade unionism are struggling to mobilise voters while far-right populism is on the rise. In Brazil, the 2018 election that brought Bolsonaro to power was a resounding defeat for Brazil’s traditional left-wing Worker’s Party (PT). This chapter interrogates the relationship between Bolsonaro’s victory and the crisis of wage labour and labour politics in Brazil. It does so by analysing political discourses of street vendors during the 2018 election in the city of Belo Horizonte. I argue that the decline of the PT must be understood in relation to the historical exclusion of non-waged workers and their interests from the trade union movement. Moreover, I show that this decline was accentuated at the local level by the connection between the PT and local revitalisation policies that constrained street vendors’ access to urban space. By doing so, the chapter reveals the multiscalar dimension of the ‘labour crisis’ which manifests itself at the intersections of local and national politics.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Greer, Steven. "Decline: 1984." In Supergrasses. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198257660.003.0006.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract On 12 January 1984 the conviction of RUC Special Branch sergeant Charles McCormick, secured largely on the evidence of IRA informer Anthony O ‘Doherty, was quashed on appeal.1 The North ern Ireland Court of Appeal held that Mr Justice Murray, the trial judge, had been wrong to conclude that the evidence independent of O ‘Doherty ‘s testimony reached the high corroborative standard he himself deemed necessary.2 On 22 August it was announced that O ‘Doherty would be released by exercise of the royal prerogative, after having served only five years of an eighteen-year sentence on fifty-seven terrorist charges. Commenting upon his release, the Northern Ireland Office said that his sentence had been reduced as a reward for having supplied information which had led to the break-up of dozens of IRA units.3 Although he was given a new identity, and a weekly wage, in another part of the United Kingdom, within a fortnight he had returned to his familiar haunts in the Ballymena area and was last seen in 1989, which suggests that, unusually, the IRA had no intention of punishing him.4

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

"Aging, Migration, and the Widening Wage Gap." In The Decline of the Welfare State. The MIT Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2303.003.0004.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Codogno, Lorenzo, and Giampaolo Galli. "Egalitarianism and labour." In Meritocracy, Growth, and Lessons from Italy's Economic Decline. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866806.003.0009.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract A powerful egalitarian drive—the opposite of meritocracy—has guided trade unions’ action. Nationwide collective contracts in each sector account for the bulk of the average wage and do not allow for differentiation in line with productivity developments in companies or territories. Specific company-level contracts are not used, except for a few medium- to large companies, usually accounting for a relatively small proportion of overall wages. In practice, they can only add to national contracts and never derogate from them. Whether national or local, collective agreements do not only fix a minimum wage, but they fix wages for all categories of workers, whether blue or white collared. Various laws introduced over the past two decades have provided fiscal incentives to firms and workers who agreed to set up company-level contracts to increase productivity instead of relying on national contracts. The results have been disappointing so far, and the proportion of productivity-related add-ons is relatively tiny. All this has critical implications. Companies have few margins with which to legally reward the more productive workers and almost no possibility of punishing unproductive workers. And there is no relation between wages and productivity across regions of Italy, which is one of the causes of high unemployment in the South because both productivity and the cost of living are lower in that area. In addition, trade unions have always tried to protect the worker on the job instead of in the market; skilling, reskilling, and active labour market policies have been neglected.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Wage decline"

Hrnčiar, Michal. "Effects of the Pandemic on Employees' Wages in the Slovak Republic." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.186-193.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The present paper analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market in terms of the impact on employees' wages. The labor market is one of the segments that has suffered the most from the pandemic. The yearon- year changes in the wage growth rate that can be analyzed clearly show how significantly the development of the Slovak economy has been slowed down. The pandemic ended several good times, when the world's economies prospered above average and pointed out weaknesses. Residents were not prepared for a decline or loss of their income. This paper will analyze the indicators of wages of employees in Slovakia and their year-on-year development.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Bílková, Diana. "Financial Potential of Czech Employees from the Perspective of Gender Statistics." In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-01.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In the third quarter of 2022, the average gross monthly nominal wage rose by 6.1 percent compared to last year, but in real terms it fell by 9.8 percent due to inflation. The decline is the same as in the previous quarter. Inflation and a real drop in average wages have already forced three quarters of employees significantly to reduce some expenses. Considering the current situation, the biggest savings relate to holidays, eating out in restaurants, culture or sports activities. In general, people save by limiting purchases of better or better quality products or services, as well as branded products. The aim of this paper is to capture the situation regarding the development of the wages of Czech men and women since the last financial and subsequently economic crisis, through a period of significant economic conjuncture, which was followed by the coronavirus crisis, ensued by the current energy crisis, which is largely related, among other things, to the war conflict in Ukraine. For this purpose, not only statistics measuring the level of wages in the individual years 2009–2021 were calculated, but for this purpose models of the entire wage distribution were constructed and their development in the monitored period was captured. The three-parameter lognormal curves became the basis of these models, the parameters of which were estimated by the maximum likelihood method ensuring the minimum variance of the obtained estimates. Predictions of the entire wage distributions of men and women were constructed for the period 2022–2026 in order to specify the expected development of wage distributions. As part of these predictions, exponential smoothing of time series was applied, which assigns the highest weight to the most recent observations, and the weights of individual observations decrease exponentially towards the past.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Brecher, Christian, Tobias Kempf, and Werner Herfs. "Cognitive Control Technology for a Self-Optimizing Robot Based Assembly Cell." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49521.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In the face of global competition there is a great danger for countries with high labor costs (e.g. Germany) to lose more and more production plants to low-wage countries. Almost inevitably there will be a relocation of after-sales services as well as of research and development. Eventually this will cause a significant decline of wealth. For this reason especially high-wage countries are always striving for higher productivity of production processes. On the other hand the products have to be of high-end quality to ensure an advantage in the market. Thus there is an obvious dilemma between planning-orientation and value-orientation which has to be resolved. This could possibly be obtained by shifting planning efforts to the runtime system and at the same time enabling the system to adapt to changing requests and circumstances. In order to get there, automation technology is definitely playing a key role in present-day highly automated production processes. Unfortunately classical automation technology has not been supporting this kind of self-organizing, self-controlling and self-optimizing behavior. This paper introduces an approach to make production systems more “intelligent” based on the idea of a cognitive control architecture. At first the motivation and the research vision are introduced followed by an outline of the research approach. As a concrete example of an application a robot based assembly cell is described. The methods used and insights gained so far are presented in the second part, followed by an outlook towards future activities.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Doon, Roshnie. "RETURNS TO FIELD OF STUDY IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/zkwq5336.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This study seeks to examine the impact that the field of study of workers in Trinidad and Tobago is likely to have on their earning capacity. Using individual persons’ data from the Continuous Sample Survey of the Population (CSSP), for the period 1991-2015, the returns of private and public sector workers were estimated by estimating a Mincerian Earnings function using the Quantile Regression technique. This study finds that men employed in low- and middle-income jobs for most fields (arts, humanities, science, engineering and architecture, social science, business, law, and mathematics and computer science and law enforcement) all suffered a wage decline in 2004-2015. This may be due to changes in the skill set where there was much growth in the industry demand for highly-skilled and unskilled men. This implies that middle income jobs which hire semi-skilled men, may be possibly becoming more polarized during the 2009-2015 recession. Men employed in high income jobs, earn better wages in more fields, particularly STEM areas. The earnings of women employed in low, middle- and high-income jobs for most fields, especially in the areas of STEM all improved in 2004-2015. This is likely to be the result of the rising participation of women in STEM fields, and a greater integration of STEM competencies in STEM and Non-STEM occupations.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Adrian, Sandu, and Răcănel Carmen. "Key indicators affecting the evolution of road traffic in Romania." In 8th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2024.1666.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

As with all forecasts, in estimating road traffic for large periods of time (20 or 30 years) there is uncertainty regarding the outcome of key input variables, such as future GDP growth, fuel prices, and population. The forecasts presented should be read as projected trends for traffic, considering the most likely evolution of the input variables. The main indicators affecting the evolution of road traffic are: population and employment, Gross Domestic Product, average net wage gain, vehicle fleet and motorization rate, Average Daily Travel, and road capacity and network utilization rate. To assess the maximum variation around the central forecast, we model scenarios based on a combination of these indicators. The medium scenario - average car park consumption is expected to decrease between 2030 and 2035. The high demand scenario combines a high per capita GDP, an increased motorization rate, moderate population decline, increased employment rate, low oil prices, and high fuel economy. The low demand scenario assumes a low GDP and therefore low per capita income, a sharp decline in population and employment rate, a degradation of road infrastructure quality, high oil prices, and a low level of fuel economy. It must be emphasized that all forecasts are uncertain. This is the result of the uncertainty of the input indicators. The forecast for the period 2020 – 2050 is more uncertain compared to previous road traffic forecasts. It is unrealistic to take a high growth version of each variable and on this basis make a high forecast because the probability of a high rate continuing for 30 years just because the first year has a high rate is very low.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Sarı Gerşil, Gülşen. "Transformation in Working Life and Working Poverty." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01777.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Although it has taken into account that globalization has been increasing the enrichment all over the world consider, its emerging and growing poverty size is also engrossing. Because, changes in the labor market is steadily worsening and becoming a chronic state with globalization. Due to unfavorable conditions in working life, working who have got a job or routinely work and get steady income have also been facing with the risk of poverty besides the increase in unemployment is seen. The ones who fall into poor condition despite working have become so visible that “working Poverty” has taken part in serious issues in international organizations. According to the ILO, “all working who live in a poor family” are referred as the ones working poorly. In general, the working Poverty is that the income earnt by employee cannot meet his needs and he has barely met even his basic needs or cannot. Transformations in the changing socio-economic structure with neo-liberal economy, causes such as flexible working practices experienced in the labor markets, increase in unregistered employment, lack of social protection and decline in unionization rates, gaps in wage levels lead to the increase in the working poor in Turkey and in the world. In this study, by making conceptual evaluation of the working poverty and considering data both published by international organizations (ILO, UN, Eurostat, OECD), and also published for Turkey (TEO, TSI), the dimensions of working poverty will be evaluated. 

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Danilowska, Alina. "The effects of the pandemics on agriculture and rural areas development: past experiences." In 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.044.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The paper aims to identify the economic effects of the pandemics on agriculture and rural areas' development in the past. Recognition of different aspects of the relationship between agriculture and the pandemic is a significant issue because it influences food security. The analysis considered three important pandemics from the past: Black Death, Spanish flu and AIDS. The literature review on the economic consequences of these pandemics was the research method in the study. From the analysed three pandemics, the most extensive and most positive results for the economy in the short and long run took place after Black Death, which was the deadliest. The economic consequences of the other two pandemics were the relatively short term and rather adverse. The reduction of human capital was a negative effect of these pandemics on an economy of a long-term nature. The response of agriculture to the pandemics depended on the size of the labour shortages and the role of agriculture in the economy. The reaction differed between countries. Aggregate agricultural production did not decline in absolute or per capita terms in many countries. However, in Africa, pandemics led to famine and malnutrition. The drop in the population increased the labour/capital and labour/land ratios. The labour shortages triggered adjustment processes in the form of wage increases and encouraged the introduction of innovations. During the pandemic, rural areas depopulated, and it took quite a long time to recover to the level before the pandemic.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Breton, Michael E., and Monica B. Patel. "Decline in ERG Maximum a-wave and b-wave Amplitudes with Age." In Vision Science and its Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.tub1.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Growth in the population over age 60 has increased the clinical importance of diseases of the retina associated with aging. The electroretinogram (ERG), long used as a test of retinal function, has potential for providing important clinical insight for retinal diseases of aging patients. However, interpretation of the ERG is complicated by the well documented, but less well understood, decline in response amplitude as a function of increasing age. Insight into factors leading to ERG amplitude decline with age may be provided by study of receptoral changes, reflected in the a-wave component, compared to changes in inner retinal function, reflected in the b-wave component (Pearlman, 1983). Breton et al (1994) and others (Hood and Birch, 1994) have developed a method of ERG a-wave analysis that yields parameters interpretable in terms of total rod dark current (amax), a constant of transduction amplification (A), and a brief delay associated with cascade molecular interactions (t'eff). This analysis is based on a quantitative model of the G-protein mediated phototransduction cascade proposed by Lamb and Pugh (1992). For purposes of this study, an important feature of the Breton et al (1994) procedure and analysis is the recording of rod response at high stimulus intensities where saturated a-wave and b-wave component amplitudes (amax and bmax) can be effectively measured with minimal algebraic interference with one another (Breton and Montzka, 1992). Based on this approach, changes in ERG amplitudes during development and aging can be used to infer changes in underlying retinal mechanisms. We use this approach to measure maximum a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and receptor transduction response as a function of age in human infants, toddlers and adults from several days up to 80 years.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Altoe F., J. E., P. Bedrikovetsky, A. C. A. Gomes, A. G. Siqueira, and A. L. S. de Souza. "Accounting for Dispersion in Injectivity Decline: Travelling Wave Flow Regimes." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/88502-ms.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Selveindran, A., M. Razavi, and D. Patel. "Miscible Wag Management of a Mature CO2 Flood: A Streamline-Based Approach." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218210-ms.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract The Postle field is located in Texas County in the Oklahoma Panhandle and has been waterflooded since 1960 and CO2 flooded since 1996. In 2022, a streamline-based flood management workflow was initiated to optimize flood performance and improve cashflow. Initial recommendations included cutting existing CO2 purchases by 50%, generating a savings of $7.5MM. In 2023, due to a deterioration in profitability, the field went through several iterations of cost-cutting measures culminating in the elimination of purchased CO2 and a reduction in workover job. The loss of purchased CO2 effectively reduced the volume of injection volumes by about 20%, reducing the VRR from 1.5 to 1.2. This reduced the processing rate in the reservoir from 7% to 5% per year. This work outlines a streamline-based flood management approach, and results achieved from the implementation of this new workflow. The new flood management approach was adopted across the entire Postle field that consists of 4 units. This encompasses nearly 250 producers and 100 injectors. A streamline surveillance model was built for the entire field across the 3 main producing zones. The results from the surveillance model were used to identify interwell connections between producers and injectors. This allowed the injection impact or value of each injector to be properly quantified. The injection efficiencies were used to allocate the limited volume of CO2, where higher efficiency injectors were allocated more CO2. WAG parameters were also calibrated based on rate targets from the surveillance optimization module (floodOPT). The combination of rate targets and ranking of injectors based on efficiencies were used to determine WAG cycle lengths, WAG ratios and injection volumes. The injector efficiencies (or volume of oil associated with each injector) proved an accurate measure to the engineering teams to accurate rank injectors in order of priority for workovers and determine whether an injector was worth repairing or plugging. The initial results from the streamline model was obtained in 2022 and validated and verified with other measurements. The surveillance model produced a connectivity map between injectors and producers (FMAP) that was consistent with flow path directions from a tracer study in 2021. Furthermore, the interwell connectivities in the model across multiple patterns were consistent with well connections from production-injection data and field staff experience. This highlighted the challenge with using classical geometrical pattern allocations that are time-invariant, compared to dynamic patterns that are influenced by geology and rate. The model also flagged underperforming injectors i.e. injectors with low efficiencies that were in relatively immature areas. These injectors were known to have vertical conformance issues. The streamline model-based recommendations continued to be used through 2023. The models were updated with production and injection data quarterly. Injection rates were adjusted based on the updated injection efficiencies calculated from floodOPT with constraints based on the availability of injection volumes, well injectivity limitations, well failures and field facility limits. WAG parameters including cycle lengths and WAG ratios were set based on injection efficiency, area maturity and available CO2. Injectors with higher efficiency and lower maturity were allocated lower WAG ratios. CO2 allocation became more critical when purchases were eliminated in 2023. When the new flood management workflow was implemented, the field oil cut declines were approximately 14% pa with increasing GOR and WOR. Over a period of 6 months, favorable results were seen in these trends; GOR and WOR trends stabilized and reduced, and the oil cut decline was mitigated to less than 10% pa. Despite losing 20% of the available CO2 for injection, the oil rate in multiple patterns increased. The impact of the oil rate increase was difficult to observe on a field level because of multiple well failures and operational challenges. Nevertheless, field oil rate declines reduced from 14% pa to 9% pa; at the current decline rate, the improved management would yield an additional 300,000 bbls of oil production.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Wage decline"

Holmes, Thomas, and Julia Thornton Snider. A Theory of Outsourcing and Wage Decline. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14856.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Firpo, Sergio P., Julián Messina, and Francisco H. G. Ferreira. Ageing Poorly?: Accounting for the Decline in Earnings Inequality in Brazil, 1995-2012. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011789.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The Gini coefficient of labor earnings in Brazil fell by nearly a fifth between 1995 and 2012, from 0.50 to 0.41. The decline in earnings inequality was even larger by other measures, with the 90-10 percentile ratio falling by almost 40 percent. Although the conventional explanation of a falling education premium did play a role, an RIF regression-based decomposition analysis suggests that the decline in returns to potential experience was the main factor behind lower wage disparities during the period. Substantial reductions in the gender, race, informality and urbanrural wage gaps, conditional on human capital and institutional variables, also contributed to the decline. Although rising minimum wages were equalizing during 2003-2012, they had the opposite effects during 1995-2003, because of declining compliance. Over the entire period, the direct effect of minimum wages on inequality was muted.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Fernández, Manuel, and Julián Messina. Skill Premium, Labor Supply and Changes in the Structure of Wages in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011788.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Earnings inequality declined rapidly in Argentina, Brazil and Chile during the 2000s. A reduction in the experience premium is a fundamental driver of declines in upper-tail (90/50) inequality, while a decline in the education premium is the primary determinant of the evolution of lower-tail (50/10) inequality. Relative labor supply is important for explaining changes in the skill premiums. Relative demand trends favored high-skilled workers during the 1990s, shifting in favor of low-skilled workers during the 2000s. Changes in the minimum wage, and more importantly, commodity-led terms of trade improvements are key factors behind these relative skill demand trends.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Moffitt, Robert, David Ribar, and Mark Wilhelm. The Decline of Welfare Benefits in the U.S.: The Role of Wage Inequality. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5774.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Luduvice, André Victor D., Tomás R. Martinez, and Alexandre B. Sollaci. Minimum Wage, Business Dynamism, and the Life Cycle of Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012849.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This paper studies the effects of the minimum wage on the life cycle of firms. We first build a tractable model where heterogeneous firms have labor market power, invest in innovation, and choose formal or informal sectors. The model predicts that a minimum wage hike not only shrinks young and low-productivity firms but also lowers incentives to innovate, resulting in lower life cycle growth. We then test the predictions of the model using Brazilian administrative and census data leveraging the variation in exposure across establishments and municipalities to the large increase in the minimum wage between 1999 and 2010. At the establishment level, an increase in the minimum wage: i) decreases the growth rates of small and young establishments and ii) increases the growth rates of old and large establishments. When analyzing exposed municipalities, we observe an increase in the earnings of workers in both the formal and informal sectors, as well as informal employment. Our findings suggest that the minimum wage is a possible explanation for the decline in the importance of young establishments and business dynamism in Brazil.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Pulido, José, Hernando Vargas-Herrera, and Juan J. Ospina-Tejeiro. The labor market in Colombia: Structural features and the role of wages in the post-pandemic inflationary surge. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1232.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

We provide an overview of the primary structural features of the labor market in Colombia and survey the margins of adjustment of the market during the pandemic. Given the decline of real wages amid the post-pandemic inflationary surge, mainly due to the formal wage rigidity in the short run, we investigate whether the dynamics of nominal wages and their expected adjustments to catch up with prices could fuel the post-pandemic inflationary escalation. For this, we estimate the long-term relationship between wages, prices, and labor productivity using a small open economy framework. We find that up until the third quarter of 2022, wages were not among the primary drivers of the observed inflation escalation. However, wages have typically contributed to restoring long-run equilibrium. Thus, their adjustment towards equilibrium, which can occur through indexation, could imply risks for the convergence of inflation to the target. These risks are significant if the observed sources of the inflationary surge persist.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Blyde, Juan S., Matías Busso, Kyunglin Park, and Dario Romero. Short- and Long-Run Labor Market Adjustment to Import Competition. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004703.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

By exploiting spatial variation in import exposure arising from initial differences in industry specialization, we analyze how local labor markets in Mexico adjusted to increased Chinese-import competition over different time horizons. The initial adjustment to the shock took various forms: a decline in the number of wage employees, a substitution of wage employees with piece-rate or outsourced workers, and a substitution of formal employees with informal employees. The negative effects on employment were mainly associated with job destruction from exiting firms, particularly those that were small and medium-sized. During periods in which employment fell, the population that actively participated in the labor force fell. The negative short- and medium-run effects mostly disappeared after 20 years.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Vlaicu, Razvan. Research Insights: What Are the Impacts of Bank Branch Closures on Local Firms? Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013282.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

As several major banks in Latin America have reduced their branch networks in recent years, many firms have lost access to their local bank. Bank branch closures result in a reduction in firm establishments with active operations from 1.2% initially to 8.1% within 4-7 years, a 0.5 decline in weekly hours of formal employment, and a compression of the real wage distribution. Micro firms, trade and service firms, and agricultural firms are found to be the most vulnerable.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Parra-Cely, Sergio, and Wladimir Zanoni. The Labor Market Worsening Effects of a Resource Bust: Evidence from the Crude Oil Price Shock in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004291.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

To assess the effects of an oil price bust on individual labor market outcomes, we leverage the 2015 exogenous decline in international oil prices with geographical variation in oil-dependency in Ecuador. To account for propagation mechanisms, we also test the causal effect of the oil price bust on public transfers to local autonomous governments. Reduced form results suggest a moderate oil price pass-through channel on wages and nonlabor earnings but not on labor supply and participation. Public transfers play an amplification role, as a one percentage point decrease in these funds implies workers in oil-dependent areas to experience a wage reduction of 1.5%. Spillover effects to nonextractive industries, with reduced economic activity at the firm level, seem to be the transmission channels explaining the drop in individual earnings during the oil price bust.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Albert, Jose Ramon, Jan Carlo Punongbayan, and Mika Muñoz. Returns to Education in the Philippines (2005–2022): Declining Benefits, Increased Inequities. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/pn2024.09.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This Policy Note examines the returns to education in the Philippines from 2005 to 2022, focusing on salaried college graduates. It reveals that returns have declined but have become more similar across various levels of educational attainment. The most significant decrease has been observed in the returns on college education, which has disproportionately affected low-wage workers, contradicting previous research. This trend may be attributed to the growth of formal employment, a transition from agriculture to services, changes in job quality, and a decline in education quality. This Note highlights concerns about the quality of education, including the alignment of educational programs with industry needs, as well as challenges such as insufficient resources and a shortage of qualified teachers. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to address the factors contributing to the declining returns to education in the Philippines. Policymakers must prioritize education quality, relevance, and accessibility while creating high-skill jobs aligned with the growing educated workforce.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nous offrons des réductions sur tous les plans premium pour les auteurs dont les œuvres sont incluses dans des sélections littéraires thématiques. Contactez-nous pour obtenir un code promo unique!