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Гордієнко, Марина. "УТОЧНЕННЯ ДЕЯКИХ ДАТ І ФАКТІВ НАУКОВО-ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АКАДЕМІКА М.М. БОГОЛЮБОВА". Молодий вчений, nr 5 (93) (31.05.2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2021-5-93-5.
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В статті на основі вивчення архівних документів Київському національному університеті імені Тараса Шевченка за 1939 рік та за 1941 – 1951 роки, статей і монографій, що стосуються науково-організаційної та педагогічної діяльності академіка М.М. Боголюбова, спогадів учнів М.М. Боголюбова, уточнено дати перебування М.М. Боголюбова на посаді декана механіко-математичного факультету, завідувача кафедри теорії функцій та кафедри ма-тематичної фізики. Вказано викладацький склад кафедри математичної фізики в період 1945 – 1951 рр. Встановлено, що в аспірантурі Київського державного університеті ім. Т.Г. Шевченка М.М. Боголюбов був науковим керівником наступних аспірантів (в дужках вказано термін навчання під керівництвом М.М. Боголюбова): Авраменко С.О. (вересень 1939 – липень 1941), Гіхман Й.І. (вересень 1939 – липень 1941)., Крейн С.Г. (вересень 1940 – липень 1941), Хацет Б.І. (жовтень 1944 – березень 1948) Стрельцова О.О. (листопад 1946 – листопад 1949), Кац Г.І. (листопад 1946 – листопад 1949), Польський Н.Й. (жовтень 1947 – жовтень 1950), Лось Ф.С. (жовтень 1948 – жовтень 1949), Пахарєва Н.О. (жовтень 1950 – жовтень 1952). У статті відтворено хронологію подій пов’язаних з відновленням діяльності механіко-математичного факультету Київського державного університеті ім. Т.Г. Шевченка в перші післявоєнні роки.
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Skirius, Juozas. "Amerikos lietuvių tautinės sąjungos įkūrimas 1949 metais: JAV lietuvių tautininkų organizacijų suvienijimas". Istorija 133, nr 1 (2024): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2024.133.4.
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JAV lietuviai tautininkai, 1941 m. pasitraukę iš bendros JAV lietuvių politinės organizacijos Amerikos lietuvių tarybos, pradėjo savarankišką politinę veiklą kovodami dėl Lietuvos nepriklausomybės. Įkūrė savo organizacijas: 1941 m. – Lietuvai vaduoti sąjungą, prie kurios buvo įkurta American Friends of Lithuania, 1943 m. – Amerikos lietuvių tautininkų centrą, 1944 m. – Amerikos lietuvių misiją. 1946–1947 m. susilpnėjęs tautininkų judėjimas ir nuolatinis išeivijos bei Europos lietuvių reiškiamas noras matyti JAV lietuvių politinės veiklos vienybę, vertė tautininkus keisti savo poziciją. 1947 m. prasidėjo JAV lietuvių tautininkų vadų derybos su ALT vadovybe dėl tautininkų sugrįžimo į ALT, su sąlygomis: a) susijungti tautininkų organizacijoms ir b) atskirai nebevykdyti politinės veiklos. 1948–1949 m., praktiškai metus, vyko nelengvas tautinių organizacijų reorganizacijos darbas, kuris baigėsi bendru Seimu, vykusiu 1949 m. gegužės 21–22 d., kuomet buvo įkurta bendra tautininkų organizacija – Amerikos lietuvių tautinė sąjunga. Daugiausia nuveikė tautininkų lyderiai Antanas Olis, Pijus J. Žiūris, Juozas Bačiūnas, Kazys Karpis, Vincas Rastenis, Albinas S. Trečiokas, Juozas Ginkus ir kt. Tautininkų atstovai įėjo į ALT kaip ketvirtoji dalis šalia katalikų, socialistų ir sandariečių. ALTS pagal savo programą įsipareigojo plačiai vykdyti lietuvybės stiprinimo išeivijoje darbą, o ALT sudėtyje – dalyvauti Lietuvos laisvinimo veikloje. JAV lietuvių istorijoje šie klausimai giliau netyrinėti, nors šaltinių yra pakankamai.
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Baldwin, Thomas. "Jean-Paul Sartre". Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (marzec 1986): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004193.
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Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980), nephew of the Alsatian theologian, Albert Schweitzer, was born in Paris, passed his agrégation at the Ecole Normale Superieure in 1929, and was a lycée teacher between 1931 and 1945. He was called up to the French Army in 1939, captured by the Germans in 1940 and released after the armistice. In 1938 he published a novel, La Nausée, translated by Robert Baldick as Nausea (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965), and in 1940, L'Imaginaire: Psychologie phénoménologique de l'imagination, translated by Bernard Frechtman as The Psychology of Imagination (London: Methuen, 1972). His major philosophical work, L'Etre et le Neant, was published in 1943, and translated by Hazel E. Barnes as Being and Nothingness (London: Methuen, 1957). As a novelist he is best known for a trilogy, Chemins de la Liberté (Roads to Freedom), comprising L'Age de raison (1945) translated by E. Sutton as The Age of Reason (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961), Le Sursis (1945), translated by E. Sutton as The Reprieve (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963) and La Mort dans l'āme (1949), translated by G. Hopkins as Iron in the Soul (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965). His main work of literary criticism is Qu'est-ce que la littérature? (1947), translated by B. Frechtman as What is Literature? (London: Methuen, 1950). Plays includeLes Mouches (1943) and Huis Clos (1944), both translated by S. Gilbert and published in one volume, as The Flies and In Camera (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1965).
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Rzeczkowska, Ewa. "„Był daleki od nienawiści, także w stosunku do swoich oprawców...” Sprawa Adama Gajdka jako przykład zbrodni komunistycznej". Teka Komisji Historycznej Towarzystwa Naukowego KUL 16 (9.01.2020): 71–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/teka.2019.7.
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Adam Gajdek brał udział w kampanii polskiej we wrześniu 1939 r., walcząc w 3 Pułku Strzelców Podhalańskich w Bielsku. W 1940 r., przybrawszy pseudonim „Olek”, wstąpił do Związku Walki Zbrojnej, a następnie Armii Krajowej. Po wkroczeniu do Polski wojsk sowieckich pozostał w konspiracji. Brał udział m.in. w nieudanej akcji na więzienie w rzeszowskim zamku przeprowadzonej 7-8 października 1944 r. Na początku 1947 r. wstąpił do Zrzeszenia „Wolność i Niezawisłość”. W kwietniu 1947 r. objął funkcję kierownika organizacyjnego powstałej pod koniec 1946 r. siatki wywiadowczej o kryptonimie „Instytut Bakteriologiczny”, podlegając bezpośrednio kierownikowi Wydziału Informacji IV Zarządu Głównego WiN Mieczysławowi Kawalcowi. Aresztowany 17 października 1947 r. przez funkcjonariuszy Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Krakowie, przeszedł w tym mieście wstępne śledztwo, a następnie został przewieziony do aresztu Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Warszawie. Jesienią 1948 r. jego sprawę skierowano do stołecznego Wojskowego Sądu Rejonowego. Wyrokiem z 23 października 1948 r. Adam Gajdek skazany został na karę śmierci. Naczelny Sąd Wojskowy oddalił skargę rewizyjną, a prezydent Bolesław Bierut nie skorzystał z prawa łaski, wobec czego 14 stycznia 1949 r. Adama Gajdka stracono w więzieniu przy ulicy Rakowieckiej w Warszawie.
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Tokár, F., i E. Krekulová. "Structure, quality, production, LAI and dendrochronology of 100 years old Austrian pine (Pinus nigra ARNOLD) stand ". Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 2 (10.01.2012): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4545-jfs.
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The paper evaluates the growth, structure, production, quality, leaf area index and dendrochronology of 100 years old Austrian pine (Pinus nigra ARNOLD) monoculture situated in the forest type group Fageto-Quercetum in the locality Horné Lefantovce (Nitrianska Streda Forest District, Topoľčianky Forest Enterprise). Codominant trees, trees with stem of high quality, with medium-sized crown, medium dense and straight crown are the most abundant in the stand. The tree number in the stand is 1,024 trees/ha, basal area 51.75 m2/ha, growing stock 571.56 m3/ha, aboveground biomass stock 348.76 t/ha and leaf area index 21.85 ha/ha. Dendrochronological analyses examined the response in individual sample trees and minimum annual ring width was found in 1920, 1922, 1925, 1929, 1933, 1938, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1954, 1963, 1968, 1976, 1982, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2001. Marked maximum values of annual ring width in the years 1919, 1923, 1926, 1930, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1997 were found as a positive productive feature. Beginning in the year 1993, dry Austrian pine trees occurred in the stand as a result of the fungal infection by Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko et Sutton.
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Ciupe, Vlad Mitric. "The new academia of the Faculty of Architecture in Bucharest after 1948. The case of Paraschiva Iubu". Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi Fascicula XIX Istorie 15 (20.10.2016): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/history.2016.08.
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Our belief is that the fundamental research of the history of architecture during the communist regime - school, guild and profession - is still in its incipient stages and, hence, all the repressive mechanisms that brutally mutated the Faculty of Architecture in Bucharest between 1944 and 1958 – via expulsions, exclusions, arrests and prison conviction – are quasi-unknown. All these callous interventions of the politics were based and implemented by the hard-core inside people, either students or teachers. Among them, an interesting case refers to the students who proved being compliant with the regime, as they had an unfailing involvement in all the 1945 – 1948 activities and who were later promoted to the position of assistant lecturers (1949), first of all for these merits. The text herein introduces the case of architect Paraschiva Iubu, a student (1939 – 1947) and a teacher starting with 1949, while including a contrastive analysis between her own testimony in 2005 and the lately reclaimed archive documents.
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Magoga, Giulia, Matteo Montagna, Laura Marziali i Bruno Rossaro. "Revision of type and non-type material assigned to the genus Orthocladius by Goetghebuer (1940–1950), deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Diptera: Chironomidae)". Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57, nr 2 (2017): 723–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0097.
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Selected type and non-type material belonging to the genus Orthocladius van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae) sensu GOETGHEBUER (1940-1950), deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), originally comprising specimens dry pinned or stored in isinglass, were mounted on microscope slides and re-examined. Other chironomids present in the RBINS collection belonging to other genera were also examined. Fifty slides were prepared and identified to species, or to generic level when the condition of the specimens did not allow species identification. The following types, representing taxa formerly considered as nomina dubia, were examined and the concerned species are stated here as valid: Georthocladius collarti (Goetghebuer, 1941) comb. nov., Georthocladius scaturiginis (Goetghebuer, 1940) comb. nov., Lapposmittia succinea (Goetghebuer, 1942) comb. nov., Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) tolleti Goetghebuer, 1944 (new subgenus placement), Orthocladius (Orthocladius) timoni Goetghebuer & Timon-David, 1939, Pseudorthocladius hockaiensis (Goetghebuer, 1933). Orthocladius (Orthocladius) mitisi Goetghebuer, 1938, previously stated as junior synonym of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) glabripennis (Goetghebuer, 1921), is reinstated as valid species. The following new synonyms are proposed: Georthocladius (Georthocladius) collarti = Parachaetocladius retezati Albu, 1972: 19, syn. nov.; Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) rufiventris (Meigen, 1830) = Orthocladius franzi Goetghebuer, 1949, syn. nov.; Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) skirwithensis Edwards, 1929 = Orthocladius nigritus Goetghebuer, 1938, syn. nov. = Paratrichocladius spiesi Ashe & O’Connor, 2012; Hydrobaenus distylus (Potthast, 1914) = Orthocladius antennalis Goetghebuer, 1944, syn. nov. Lectotypes of Orthocladius collarti Goetghebuer, 1941, Orthocladius antennalis Goetghebuer, 1944, Orthocladius timoni Goetghebuer & Timon-David, 1939, and Orthocladius hockaiensis Goetghebuer, 1933 are designated. Non-type material assigned to Orthocladius was also mounted on slides and identified. Although a list of the non-Orthocladius taxa is also provided, no taxonomic changes are proposed for the latter.
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Nedelcu, Silviu-Constantin. "The Evolution of the Religious Discourse in the Pages of the Journal Calendarul “Bunului creștin” from Sibiu between the years 1944-1949". SAECULUM 53, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/saec-2022-0011.
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Abstract The present study aims to analyze the religious discourse in the Calendar of the „Good Christian” in the issues of 1945-1949. The paradigm shift of language, which can be clearly seen from the texts presented, begins on August 23, 1944 and continues after December 30, 1947, the date on which the monarchy in our country was abolished. If, at the beginning, the point of view of Metropolitan Nicolae Bălan of Transylvania had been strongly anti-communist, after 1946, the tone of his articles „softened a little”, thus, suggesting an approach to the communist regime that had established the country’s leadership. The number of pro-Soviet and communist texts increased exponentially. The official the official direction of those texts was given after 1948, after King Michael I had already abdicated. After 1949, all references to the Royal House disappeared from the pages of the periodical and new „holidays” were introduced to the people, such as „Labor Day” (May 1), „Victory, Independence and Heroes’ Day” (May 9), as well as „Proclamation of the Romanian People’s Republic” (December 30).
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الفهد, ماهر جاسب حاتم. "التطورات السياسية الداخلية في لاوس 1945 – 1949 والموقف الفرنسي منها". لارك 2, nr 25 (26.04.2019): 518–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss25.1079.
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المُستخلص :-
يتناول هذا البحث التطورات السياسية الداخلية في لاوس خلال 1945 – 1949، إذ شهدت خلال هذه المدة تحولات سياسية مهمة، كان لها أثرٌ بالغٌ في تحقيق حكمها الذاتي في عام 1949 وتخلصها جزئياً من سيطرة الاستعمار الفرنسي . إذ شهدت هذه المرحلة تعاون كبير بين الملك اللاوسي سيسافانغ فونغ وأنصاره مع السلطات الفرنسية في لاوس، أثمر هذا التعاون عن توقيع اتفاقية بينهما في آب 1946، والتي كان لها أثرٌ واضحٌ على مسار الوضع السياسي في لاوس، إذ سجلت ولأول مرة في تاريخ لاوس ظهور أول حزب سياسي، هو حزب إتحاد لاو الوطني، وكتابة أول دستور في البلاد، فضلاً عن تأسيس أول جمعية وطنية فيها . وإلى جانب هذه التطورات، كان تشكيل حركة اللاو أسارا في عام 1945 عن طريق بعض القادة والأمراء اللاوسيين حدث تأريخي مهم، إذ شكلوا حكومة مؤقتة في العام نفسه، وبعد عودة الفرنسيين إلى لاوس، ألفوا حكومة لهم في المنفى في تايلاند في عام 1946، وكانت متعاونة مع الفيت منه لطرد الفرنسيين، إلا أن انقلاب 1947 في تايلاند واختلاف رؤى بعض زعماؤها، كان له أثر سلبي على هيكل الحركة، ونتيجة لذلك، أعلنت حل نفسها في عام 1949، بعد أن فاتح الفرنسيين معظم رموزها بخصوص إعلان العفو عنهم وتوقيع اتفاقية تضمن إستقلال ذاتي للاوس ضمن منظومة الإتحاد الفرنسي، والتي وقعت في تموز 1949، ولم يتخلف عنهم إلا الأمير سوفانو فونغ، الذي فضل محاربة الفرنسيين والتعاون الإستراتيجي مع الفيت منه حتى يتحقق الإستقلال التام للاوس. قُسم البحث إلى محاور عدة هي :-
مُقدمة جغرافية وتأريخية عن لاوس حتى عام 1945 .
إستقلال لاوس في ظل الهيمنة اليابانية آذار – آب 1945 .
تشكيل حركة اللاو أسارا وعودة الفرنسيين إلى لاوس آب 1945 – أيار 1946 .
الموقف اللاوسي من عودة الفرنسيين وتوقيع اتفاقية " الحل المؤقت " أيار – كانون الأول 1946 .
تصاعد نشاط حركة اللاو أسارا والموقف الفرنسي منها كانون الثاني – آب 1947 .
الأوضاع السياسية في لاوس وتصدع حركة اللاو أسارا آب 1947 – أيار 1949 .
المفاوضات الفرنسية – اللاوسية والاعتراف بالحكم الذاتي للاوس أيار – كانون الأول 1949 .
الاستنتاجات النهائية .
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Frenk, Margit. "Anuario musical". Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica (NRFH) 14, nr 3/4 (1.07.2007): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/nrfh.v14i3/4.3302.
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Jarkowska-Natkaniec, Alicja. "Powojenne procesy członków Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst w okupowanym Krakowie. Casus Dawida Lieblinga". Studia Żydowskie. Almanach 4, nr 4 (31.12.2014): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/sz.549.
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Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działalności Judishe Ordnungsdienst (OD) okupowanego przez Niemców Krakowa w latach 1940-1945. W zakresie tematycznym mieści się organizacja OD w dzielnicy żydowskiej Kazimierz w 1940 r., w getcie krakowskim w latach 1941-1943 oraz w niemieckim obozie koncentracyjnym w Płaszowie w latach 1942-1945. Główny wątek poprzedzony jest analizą historii OD w polskich miastach Warszawie i Łodzi, również okupowanych przez Niemców. Pozostałe getta służą do przedstawienia ogólnej sytuacji organizacji. Opisano również, co działo się z funkcjonariuszami po wojnie przez pryzmat polskiego prawa. Procesy funkcjonariuszy OD toczyły się przed Specjalnym Sądem Karnym w Krakowie w latach 1945-1947. Celem niniejszego artykułu było również przedstawienie powojennego procesu byłych członków Jüdische Ordnungsdienst w okupowanym Krakowie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sprawy Dawida Lieblinga. Proces oskarżonego Lieblinga, który był członkiem Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst i Żydowskiej Organizacji Bojowej, odbył się przed Specjalnym Sądem Karnym w Krakowie 26 maja 1946 roku. Zarzut kolaboracji został przez sąd odrzucony.
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BEGLOV, A. L. "International Activity of the Russian Orthodox Church during the “New Deal” Between the State and the Church. Periodization and the Elements of Crisis". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, nr 4 (16.10.2018): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-4-104-129.
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The article describes the international activities of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate during the “new deal” in the state-church relations (late 1930s – first half of the 1950s). Depending on the direction of the international activities of the Russian Church, which the Soviet leadership considered to be the priority of the moment, the author outlines five main stages of the “new deal”. The first stage dated to the late 1930s – 1943, when the “new policy” remained a secret policy of the Stalinist leadership aimed at including Orthodox religious structures in the new territories, included into the USSR in 1939–1940, into the management system of the Moscow Patriarchate, and then to establish contacts with allies on religious channels through the anti-Hitler coalition. The second stage occurred in 1943–1948, when the main efforts of church diplomacy were aimed at including the Orthodox Churches of Eastern Europe in the orbit the influence of the Moscow Patriarchate and (after 1945) an unsuccessful attempt was made to achieve the leading role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the world Orthodoxy. The third stage occurred in 1948– 1949, when the crisis of the “new deal” took shape. Finally, the fourth stage began after 1949 with the inclusion of the Russian Orthodox Church in the international movement for peace and overcoming the crisis of state-church relations. The author pays special attention to the Moscow meeting of the heads and representatives of the Orthodox Churches of 1948, which revealed a divergence in the interests of the state and the Church and launched a crisis of the “new deal”. In addition, the article makes an excursion into the history of foreign policy activity of representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church in the period before the 1917 revolution, as well as its international relations in the interwar period�
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Kaydan, M. B., i F. Kozár. "New and rare mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae) from Eastern Anatolia (Turkey)". Zoosystematica Rossica 20, nr 1 (28.07.2011): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2011.20.1.28.
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This study aimed to determine the species of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) found in five provinces (Ağrı, Bitlis, Hakkari, Iğdır and Van) in Eastern Anatolia, (Turkey). Species of the families Pseudococcidae and Putoidae were collected from natural and cultivated plants between 2005 and 2008. New locality and host plant data are given for all species. In total, 60 species of Pseudococcidae in 16 genera and two species of the genus Puto Signoret, 1875 were found, including 25 new species records for the Turkish fauna, namely: Atrococcus arakelianae (Ter-Grigorian, 1964,), A. cracens Williams, 1962, Coccura circumscripta (Kiritchenko, 1963), Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), Fonscolombia europaea (Newstead, 1897), Heliococcus glacialis (Newstead, 1900), Metadenopus festucaeŠulc, 1931, Mirococcopsis ammophila Bazarov & Nurmamatov, 1975, M. avetianae Ter-Grigorian, 1964, M. subalpina (Danzig, 1985), M. teberdae (Danzig, 1985), Phenacoccus angustatus Borchsenius, 1949, P. eurotiae Danzig, 1975, P. incertus (Kiritshenko, 1940), P. kokandicus Nurmamatov, 1986, P. persimplex Borchsenius, 1949, P. querculus (Borchsenius, 1949), P. prope schmelevi Bazarov, 1980, P. strigosus Borchsenius, 1949, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana, 1902), Puto megriensis (Borchsenius, 1948), Ripersiella parva (Danzig, 1985), R. petiti (Goux, 1941), R. poltavae (Laing, 1929) and Spilococcus vashlovanicus Danzig, 1998. A new mealybug species, Phenacoccus chatakicus sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on adult females.
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Kolodnyi, Anatolii M. "Chtristianity in its revelations and present problems (based on Ivan Ortynsky)". Ukrainian Religious Studies, nr 73 (13.01.2015): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2015.73.460.
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Ivan Ortinsky was born on January 20, 1922 in the village of Pogirtsi, Rudkivsky District. At the age of 17, having just got a certificate of maturity for a gymnasium, he departed from Lviv to Italy. Here in 1939-1943 young Ivan studied at the Salesian Small Seminary in Ivrea. In August 1942, in the city of Turin, he joined the novices of the Salesians fathers. Thanks to the good knowledge of different languages, in 1946 he was appointed guide in the catacombs of St. Kalista. In 1949-1963, Ortinsky served as coordinator of the catacombs excursion bureau.
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Almeida, Rodrigo. "Dilemas de representação na carreira e obra de Emilio Fernández". Dialogos 27, nr 3 (19.02.2024): 24–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v27i3.68155.
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O presente artigo analisa os dilemas de representação na carreira e obra do ator e diretor mexicano Emilio “El Indio” Fernández a partir dos melodramas Flor Silvestre (1942), Las Abandonadas (1945), Pueblerina (1949) e especialmente Maria Candelária (1944) e La Perla (1947). Na disputa pela formulação de uma iconografia nacional através do cinema, os filmes de Fernández foram pioneiros na inserção da experiência indígena e na inclusão de debates sobre justiça social. No entanto, por outro lado, esse avanço é marcado por inúmeras contradições, tais como uma naturalizada violência de gênero e o fortalecimento de conservadores modelos de masculinidade.
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Tininis, Vytautas. "Šiauliai Labour Camp No. 294 of Prisoners of War of Germany and its Allies (1945–1948)". Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, nr 36 (25.10.2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2014.203.
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At the end of the Soviet-German war, in spring 1945, labour camps for prisoners of war of Germany and its allies were set up in Lithuania. One of them – was Šiauliai Labour Camp No. 294, which consisted of six divisions: Akmenė, Bačiūnai, Panevėžys, Pavenčiai, Radviliškis, and Šiauliai. In June 1945, 8,256 prisoners of war were imprisoned in Šiauliai Labour Camp and its divisions; on 1 January 1946, there were 5,714 prisoners remaining and on 1 June – 5,048 (4,363 worked outside the boundaries of the camp); and on 1 March 1947 – 2,583 prisoners. They were rebuilding the city of Šiauliai destroyed during the war: they rebuilt the drama theatre, 3 gymnasiums, a hospital, a railway station and other buildings. Prisoners also produced consumer goods and a variety of products at the camp workshop and did auxiliary works on the farm, so the camp was partially self-sufficient in terms of food. Prisoners, who worked in rural areas, received food from local residents. On average, there were around 3,000–4,000 prisoners in the camp each year.In terms of international humanitarian law, the repressive structures of the Soviet Union and the Lithuanian SSR basically observed the provisions of the 1929 Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War, but in 1945–1946 due to extremely complicated natural and economic conditions, as well as the unpredictability of the camp administration prisoners had painful experiences. Many of them were ill; in winter 1945–1946 the camp suffered a typhus epidemic. Between 1945 and 1948 about 500 prisoners died, most of the prisoners were underfed and malnourished. The camp administration and managers of various economic entities abused the available cheap labour of prisoners, corruption thrived, there was large-scale embezzlement and there were minor thefts by the camp staff.The number of prisoners fluctuated each year: some of them were taken to the Soviet Union, others were repatriated; some prisoners escaped. According to some data, between 1945 and March 1947, 188 people escaped, but according to other data between 1946 and 1947, 99 prisoners escaped (50 were recaptured) and 2,321 were repatriated. When general repatriation started in the Soviet Union, Šiauliai Labour Camp was closed in autumn 1948. The remaining inmates were transferred to Vilnius Labour Camp No. 195 and subsequently in March 1949 repatriated back to their home countries.
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Booth, Anne. "Government and Welfare in the New Republic: Indonesia in the 1950s". Itinerario 34, nr 1 (marzec 2010): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000057.
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When Indonesia finally received de jure independence in December 1949, the infant republic faced a range of serious problems, but nowhere were the problems more pressing than in the field of economic policy. In contrast with the Philippines and India, where the USA and Britain had honoured previous commitments and granted independence in 1946 and 1947 respectively, the refusal of the Netherlands to recognise the 1945 declaration of independence had led to four years of bitter and destructive fighting. Infrastructure on Java and elsewhere, already damaged during the Japanese occupation, deteriorated further after 1945, and by the end of the decade most of the important export industries were producing only a small fraction of their pre-1942 output. Smallholder agricultural output in Java was also well below pre-1942 levels. De Vries observed that many seed farms had been destroyed, irrigation systems had not been maintained and “vast areas of hill country” had been damaged by soil erosion. In the final years of the Japanese occupation, the Japanese army commandeered large amounts of rice, while the widespread issue of Japanese banknotes caused mounting inflation. Food was scarce everywhere and those with little or no land were most severely hit; most demographers concur that the population actually declined in Java after 1943, indicating a sharp increase in mortality.
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Gečiauskas, Geistautas. "The Tigras Brigade of Lithuanian Partisans: its Subordination, Organisational Structure and Area of Control". Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, nr 19 (7.02.2025): 21–61. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2006.102.
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In July 1999, during the construction of a road in the Adutiškis forests (Švenčionys region), a bulldozer brushed against au aluminium container full of Lithuanian partisans' documents. For the most part, they contained the Tigras [Tiger] Brigade's commanders' orders, partisans' reports, lists of partisans and correspondence documents. In 2000, these documents were hauded over to the Special Archive of Lithuania. Based on the Tigras Brigade's archives, as well as on the records of the former KGB Archives of the Lithuanian SSR, and concentrating on the development of both the area of control and organisational structure of the Tigras Brigade, this study analyses the beginning of partisan movement in the Švenčionys area, the formation of the Tigras Brigade, the changes in the chain of command within the brigade and its subunits, exposes the tactics of the Brigade and reveals the role of the Brigade within the Lithuanian partisan movement. The latter was organised in July 1944 when the second Soviet occupation began. The initiator of the anti-Soviet resistance was the Freedom Army of Lithuania (LLA), founded as an anti-Nazi underground organisation at the end of 1941. In the former Švenčionys district. i.e. in the easternmost part of the present Republic of Lithuania, the first LLA groups were formed in 1942, and the majority of the partisans of the LLA in the Švenčionys area were based in forests in summer 1944. Since its foundation on 22 October 1944 until May 1945, the Tigras Brigade operated in Švenčionys (with the exception of the linguistically Polish Pabradė parish), Utena (with the exception of its southern part), Ukmergė (only in its Balninkai and Želva parishes), and Zarasai (only in its southern part) districts, as well as in the Vidžiai region and in the parts of Breslauja, Pastovys and Svieriai regions of the Byelorussian SSR (in the middle of the 20th century the majority of the population in these areas of the BSSR still spoke or at least were able to comprehend the Lithuanian language). On May 23, 1945, a separate partisan brigade in the Utena district was founded. Since the summer of 1945, the Tigras Brigade's area of control extended over the Švenčionys district, as well as over the Zarasai district in the parish of Rimšė and over the aforementioned parts of the BSSR. Since the summer of 1946, the Brigade operated only in the territory that had been occupied by Poland in the years 1919?–1939. During the years 1946 to 1950, the western boundary line of the Brigade's area of control went along the Vilnius-Daugavpils railway, the northern one extended across the Dūkštas forests, the eastern one, across the Belmontas and the Varapajevas forests (BSSR), and the southern in the Geledne forests. The commanders of the Brigade tried to expand its activity as far eastwards as they could. In this way, they hoped to ensure the integration of a future independent Lithuania with the area that Soviet Russia had acknowledged as the territory belonging to the Republic of Lithuania in the Treaty of Moscow in July 1920. After the foundation of the Tigras Brigade, it first belonged to the Vilnius Command of the LLA. In 1944, about 600 fighters were admitted to the Brigade, and by March 1945, it already had around 700 armed members. Since its foundation, the Tigras Brigade was divided into the headquarters' squad and into companies, while the latter were made of platoons; during the years 1946 to 1950, the Brigade comprised from 8 to 4 companies. The commanders of the companies were subject to both the commander and the headquarters of the Brigade. When in January 1945 Soviet security forces destroyed the headquarters of the Vilnius Command of the LLA, the headquarters of the Tigras Brigade also performed the functions of command headquarters for several mouths. In August 1945, the Vytautas Command of the LLA was founded, which comprised several districts of northeastern Lithuania. However, in 1945, the Tigras Brigade (about 300 fighters) belonged to this Command only for two or three weeks because in September 1945 it joined the Fifth Region of the Vilnius Command of the LLA, which later became the "Greater Combat Command of the LLA" (its units operated mainly westwards from Vilnius). The period between the autumn of 1945 and the spring of 1946 was the most active time for the Brigade. Special importance should be given to the Vilnius situation at that time: if a war between the Western countries and the USSR had broken out at the time, the partisans of the same command from three directions could have attacked the capital of Lithuania. In 1946, the process of disintegration of the Brigade began: in June, based on two companies, the so-called Eastern group of the LLA was formed; at first, it united some 75 partisans and operated mainly in the Belmontas and Adutiškis forests. When in September 1946 the Tigras Brigade (some 170 fighters) returned to the Vytautas Command, the MGB took much stronger action against the Brigade. In March 1947, the Brigade (without the "Eastern group", it rejoined the Tigras Brigade only in August 1948) involved some 120 partisans, whereas in autumn of the same year, there were only some 70 fighters left. Since September 1947, the Brigade was called the Tigras Brigade of the Vytautas Command of the Area of North-Eastern Lithuania of the BDPS (United Democratic Resistance Movement), since May 1948, the Tigras Brigade of the Vytautas Command of the Area of North-Eastern Lithuania (since November 1948, of Eastern Lithuania) of the LP (Lithuanian Partisans) (since February 1949, of the LLKS [Movement of the Lithuanian Struggle for Freedom]). By September 1948, there still were as many as 50, but in January 1952, only some 20 fighters in the whole Brigade. Soviet security services with the assistance of agents among the fighters finally destroyed the Tigras Brigade in June 1952.
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Pratiwi, Ananta Daru, Alifia Maulina, Aldilla Amalia, M. Fahza Rahmadi Rega i Ahmad Agil Surya R. "Pengaruh Perencanaan Pembangunan Era Orde Lama pada Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Indonesia". Journal of Economics Development Issues 6, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jedi.v6i1.151.
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The reign of Indonesia's Old Order lasted for about 23 years, from 1945 to 1968 under the leadership of President Soekarno. The economic situation in the early days of independence (1945-1949) was quite bad, including various problems such as very high inflation, the Dutch economic cessation since November 1945, and massive exploitation during the colonial period. However, during the old order, President Soekarno had a development strategy based on this development plan. This development plan put more emphasis on political development efforts where at that time the government was trying to maintain national independence. In 1947 the government started planning by making a Three-Year Production Plan for the Republic of Indonesia in 1948, 1949, and 1950. This program focused on agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, forestry, and other programs.
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Dittrich, Andreas. "Ruinen am Cover. : Zu den visuellen Erscheinungsbildern von Ilse Aichingers ,,Die größere Hoffnung“ in den Ausgaben 1948 und 1960". Zeitschrift für Germanistik 34, nr 1 (1.01.2024): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92165_175.
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Ilse Aichingers Roman Die größere Hoffnung erscheint erstmals 1948. Während auf der Titelseite nur der Bermann-Fischer Verlag genannt wird, gibt das Impressum die Kooperation mit dem neu gegründeten Querido Verlag, N. V. an.1 Zum damaligen Zeitpunkt haben beide Verlage ihren Hauptsitz noch in Amsterdam, wobei der Bermann-Fischer Verlag seine 1939 liquidierte Wiener Niederlassung bereits im Juli 1947 wiederbelebt hat.2 Das Buch Aichingers wird in Wien bei der 1938 ,arisierten‘ Druckerei ,,Brüder Rosenbaum“ gedruckt, die am 7. Juni 1947 in das Wiener Firmenregister eintragen und am 24. Juli 1948 an die aus dem Exil zurückgekehrten Besitzer rechtmäßig zurückgestellt wird.3 Von der ersten Auflage des Buches listet das Fünfjahres-Verzeichnis 1945–1950 der Deutschen Bibliographie verschiedene Ausgaben: zwei mit derselben Ausstattung (399 Seiten, 8°, Halbleinwand), beide Male beim Verlag Bermann-Fischer (1948), allerdings einmal mit dem Verlagssitz in Amsterdam und einmal in Wien.4 Darüber hinaus wird eine dritte Ausgabe aus dem Jahr 1949, im Verlag Bermann-Fischer/Querido-Verlag, mit 400 Seiten, 8°, gebunden, angegeben, von der sich allerdings keine Exemplare ermitteln lassen.5
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Winarno, Novyantika Eka Putri, Marjono Marjono, Sumardi Sumardi, Nurul Umamah i Riza Afita Surya. "The Struggle Of Achyat Chalimy Through Laskar Hizbullah In The Independence Revolution 1945-1950". JURNAL HISTORICA 6, nr 2 (15.12.2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jh.v6i2.28934.
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Achyat Chalimy is a student of KH. Hasyim Asy'ari who founded Laskar Hizbullah Mojokerto in 1945 to defend Indonesia's independence. The formation of Laskar Hizbullah was recognized by Japan on December 15, 1944. Laskar Heizbullah was a semi-military force consisting of Muslim youths and students who fought to defend Indonesia's independence against allied forces. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of Achyat Chalimy and Laskar Hizbullah in the Revolution of Independence in 1945-1950. This research uses historical research methods and social psychology approaches. The results of this study indicate that Achyat Chalimy and Laskar Hezbollah during the Independence Revolution played a role in the battle in Surabaya in 1945, the guerrilla battle in Mojokerto in 1945-1947, and the battle in Kutorejo in 1948-1949. The end of Achyat Chalimy's role with Laskar Hizbullah in 1950 was marked by the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to Indonesia.
Keywords: Achyat Chalimy, Laskar Hizbullah, Independence Revolution
22
McCarthy, Christine. "War, America, and Modernity: Anscombe's revival of the Combination Factory". Architectural History Aotearoa 5 (31.10.2008): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v5i0.6767.
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Following the success of the design of the 1939-40 Centennial Exhibition, Edmund Anscombe began investigating factory architecture. This interest - which had entertained him since before his 1919 publication Modern Industrial Development - characterised the last eight years of his life, apparent in his office's factory designs for: Samuel Brown Ltd (1940,1943), the Disabled Soldiers' Vocational Centre/Rehabilitation League (1942-43), Die Castings Ltd, Lower Hutt (1943) and the WH Symmington & Co.'s factory, Palmerston North (1948). This paper examines this work in relation to his visit to America in 1940 and his proposal for a combined factory on Aotea Quay (1943).
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Nolasco, Barbara Barros Gonçalves Pereira, i Moema Rodrigues Brandão Mendes. "MÁRIO MATOS E SUA TRAJETÓRIA NA REVISTA ALTEROSA". IPOTESI – REVISTA DE ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS 23, nr 2 (7.12.2019): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/1982-0836.2019.v23.29209.
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Este trabalho faz parte de uma série de investigações realizadas acerca do escritor mineiro Mário Matos. Nesta busca mais diligente, estão sendo realizados levantamentos de seus textos publicados em diversos periódicos, desde os primeiros escritos até os que foram produzidos e localizados meses antes de sua morte. O presente artigo, contudo, pretende evidenciar a atuação jornalístico-literária desse autor na Alterosa, antiga revista de grande visibilidade no contexto de Minas Gerais, bem como trazer ao leitor uma apresentação geral da vida literária de Mário Matos.
Palavras-chave: Mário Matos. Alterosa. Literatura mineira. Imprensa mineira. Memória.
Referências
A COMEMORAÇÃO do 6.º aniversa’rio de “Alterosa”. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 65, p. 120, 134, 136, set. 1945.
ALENCAR, Gilberto de. Um “novo” de valor. O Pharol, Juiz de Fora, ano XLVII, n. 307, p. 1, 27 dez. 1912.
ALTEROSA. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano V, n. 39, p. 1, jul. 1943.
ALTEROSA. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VI, n. 49, p. 1, maio 1944.
ALTEROSA. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano XV, n. 169, p. 96, 01 set. 1953.
ALTEROSA em nova fase. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano XXII, n. 329, p. 1, maio 1960.
ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. Imagem de escritor mineiro. Correio da Manhã, Rio de Janeiro, ano LXVI, n. 22.619, 1º caderno, p. 6, 30 dez. 1966.
CHAVES, Hermenegildo. Uma alma simples de artista. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 65, p. 142,147, set. 1945.
DANTAS, Paulo. Qual o seu candidato? Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 65, p. 92-94, set. 1945.
DUARTE, Constância Lima (org.). Dicionário bibliográfico de escritores mineiros. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2010.
FECHAMENTO de “Alterosa” decidido pela direção em face do aumento do papel. Jornal do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, ano LXXIV, n. 305, 1º caderno, p. 16, 27-28 dez. 1964.
JURISPRUDÊNCIA MINEIRA. Desembargador Mário Gonçalves de Matos: nota biográfica. Belo Horizonte, a. 53, n. 162, p. 3-5, out.-dez. 2002.
MÁRIO Matos: nota biográfica. Suplemento Literário do Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, ano II, n. 70, p. 2, 30 dez. 1967.
MATOS, Mário Gonçalves de. Dicionário da elite política republicana (1889-1930). FUNDAÇÃO GETÚLIO VARGAS/CPDOC. Disponível em: <https://cpdoc.fgv.br/dicionario-primeira-republica/5>. Acesso em: 01 abr. 2019.
MATOS, Mário. Caçada de onça. Bello Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, n. 101, fev. 1939. Não paginado.
______. Machado de Assis: o homem e a obra – Os personagens explicam o autor. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1939 (Coleção Brasiliana, 5ª série da Biblioteca Pedagógica Brasileira, vol. 153). 454 p.
______. O personagem persegue o autor. Rio de Janeiro: “O Cruzeiro”, 1945. 357 p.
______. Os mortos governam os vivos. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 67, p. 39, nov. 1945.
______. Palavra da musa antiga. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 68, p. 1, dez. 1945.
______. Interpretação do Natal. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano [VIII], n. 68, p. 39,119, dez. 1945.
______. Chico Mendonça, a mulher e o “Balão”. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 69, p. 39, jan. 1946.
______. Centenário poético. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 70, p. 39, fev. 1946.
______. A vida é assim. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 71, p. 39, mar. 1946.
______. Soldado Clementino. O Jornal, Rio de Janeiro, ano XXVIII, n. 8.158, 4ª seção (Revista), p. 1,7, 01 dez. 1946.
______. Casa das três meninas. Belo Horizonte: Movimento Editorial Panorama, 1949. 254 p.
______. Caçada da onça. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano XVI, n. 206, p. 36-39,90, 15 mar. 1955.
MATTOS, Mário. Último bandeirante. Belo Horizonte: Os Amigos do Livro, 1935. 174 p.
MOREIRA, Vivaldi. Figuras, tempos, formas. Belo Horizonte: MP, 1966.
NOTAS & Novas. O Pharol, Juiz de Fora, ano XLIX, n. 45, p. 1, 22 fev. 1914.
O PARLAMENTO mineiro. O Jornal, Rio de Janeiro, ano V, n. 1.397, p. 11, 29 jul. 1923.
OLAVO, Alberto. Último canto da tarde. Belo Horizonte: Os Amigos do Livro, 1938. 224 p.
______. A poesia abandonou o verso. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano V, n. 40, p. 18,19,146, ago. 1943.
______. Mês de Maria. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VI, n. 49, p. 41, maio 1944.
______. Soldado Clementino. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 65, p. 39, set. 1945.
______. O consul Eça de Queiroz. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 66, p. 37, out. 1945.
______. O exemplo de Judas. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 72, p. 39,129, abr. 1946.
______. Maio, mês da rosa e do sonho. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 73, p. 41, maio 1946.
______. Adeus, meu lar. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 74, p. 41, jun. 1946.
______. Vitória de princípios. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 76, p. 33,70, ago. 1946.
______. Eis a primavera. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 77, p. 33, set. 1946.
______. Sorvete, Iáiá. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 79, p. 33, nov. 1946.
______. Eterno sonêto de Natal. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 80, p. 41, p. 41, dez. 1946.
______. Casamento por anedota. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano IX, n. 81, p. 33, jan. 1947.
______. Interpretação do carnaval. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano IX, n. 82, p. 33,46, fev. 1947.
OLAVO, Alberto. O ridículo na poesia. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano IX, n. 84, p. 33,57, abr. 1947.
______. Uma questão de dinheiro. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano XI, n. 105, p. 33,73, jan. 1949.
UMA GRANDE aquisição para o quadro de colaboradores permanentes de Alterosa. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano V, n. 40, p. 114, ago. 1943.
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Jones, Peter Blundell. "The lure of the Orient: Scharoun and Häring's East-West connections". Architectural Research Quarterly 12, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135508000912.
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Among Hugo Häring's papers in the Häring archive of the Akademie der Künste in Berlin are the minutes of six meetings entitled Discussions about Chinese Architecture held on Fridays and once on a Saturday dating from November 1941 to May 1942. The persons involved are Hugo Häring, Hans Scharoun, Chen Kuan Lee and John Scott. Of Scott, a Germanised American, we know little: it seems his wife Gerda worked at Häring's art school. But Chen Kuan Lee is a key figure in this story. Born in Shanghai in 1919, he had arrived in Berlin in 1935 to study architecture under Hans Poelzig, completing the course in 1939. He then became Scharoun's assistant until 1941, working on the private houses that provided a limited creative opportunity under the Nazis. Lee returned to Scharoun's office in 1949, remaining there until 1953, one of only four assistants during the crucial period of 1951/1952 when Scharoun's new architecture was under development with key projects such as the Darmstadt School and Kassel Theatre. In between, Lee served as an assistant to Ernst Boerschmann (1873–1949), the great German investigator of Chinese culture and author of several books on Chinese architecture. Boerschmann had visited China from 1906 to 1909, when he was sent by the German government to make a comprehensive cultural study, rather as Hermann Muthesius had been sent to England in 1896. To complete Lee's biography, in 1954 he set up as an architect on his own account, building several Chinese restaurants, more than 30 private houses and some apartment blocks in a Scharoun-like manner [1], some spatially very interesting, but this kind of work went out of fashion with the advent of postmodernism in the 1980s and Lee died quite recently in obscurity.
25
Kollinger, Franziska. "Elsa Barraines politische Verflechtungen (1940/1944/1949)". Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 78, nr 2 (2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/afmw-2021-0007.
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Гареева .,, Г. Н., i И. А. Мустафина . "Тема войны и мира в башкирской поэзии". ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 97, nr 4 (2023): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-05-2023-194.
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В конце тридцатых годов ХХ века, в пору усиления международной напряженности, в башкирской поэзии одной из центральных тем становится тема войны и мира. Один из ведущих поэтов того времени Рашит Нигмати в стихотворениях и поэмах «Голос истории» (1935), «Письма к дочери» (1938), «Военные эпизоды» (1940), «Он повседневно совершает подвиг» (1940). Основное направление творчества Р.Нигмати в годы Великой Отечественной войны более емко и точно определено в названии его книги «Песни любви и ненависти» (1941). Также тема Великой Отечественной войны нашла свое яркое отражение в сборниках стихов другого не менее талантливого поэта Мустая Карима. В поэтических сборниках «Мой конь» (1943), «Стихотворения» (1945), поэмах «Декабрьская песня» (1942), «Ульмасбай» (1942-1944), «Черные воды» (1961). М.Карим отразил трагизм войны, героизм наших солдат, гуманистическую миссию Красной Армии
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ASTAFUROVA, YULIA V., MAXIM YU PROSHCHALYKIN i DMITRY A. SIDOROV. "The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution VI. Family Andrenidae, genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775, taxa described by V. Popov". Zootaxa 5301, nr 4 (13.06.2023): 401–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.4.1.
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The type specimens for names of bee taxa in the genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775, described by V.B. Popov and which are deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) are reviewed. Primary types of 19 taxa are illustrated and detailed information is provided. New synonymies are established for Andrena chengtehensis Yasumatsu, 1935 (= A. nova Popov, 1940, syn. nov.) and A. skorikovi Popov, 1940 (=A. firuzaensis Popov, 1940, syn. nov.; =A. firuzaensis popovella Gusenleitner & Schwarz, 2002, syn. nov.; = Andrena iranella Popov, 1940, syn. nov.). Based on study of the the lectotype, we consider Andrena discophora transhissarica Popov, 1958, stat. rev., at the subspecific level, and not as a distinct species, as opposed to Shebl & Tadauchi (2011). Lectotypes are here designated for the following twelve nominal taxa: Andrena alashanica Popov, 1949, A. discophora transhissarica Popov, 1958, A. eoa Popov, 1949, A. fedtschenkoi djumensis Popov, 1947, A. firuzaensis Popov, 1940, A. iranella Popov, 1940, A. lebedevi Popov, 1940, A. nanshanica Popov, 1940, A. nova Popov, 1940, A. shakuensis Popov, 1949, A. subconsobrina Popov, 1949, and A. tadzhica Popov, 1949.
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ONSO-ZARAZAGA, MIGUEL A., i CHRISTOPHER H. C. LYAL. "A catalogue of family and genus group names in Scolytinae and Platypodinae with nomenclatural remarks (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)". Zootaxa 2258, nr 1 (8.10.2009): 1–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2258.1.1.
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A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.
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Fischer, Gad, i Robert G. Gilbert. "Ian Gordon Ross 1926 - 2006". Historical Records of Australian Science 20, nr 1 (2009): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09003.
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Ian Gordon Ross (1926?2006) was educated at the University of Sydney (BSc 1943?1946, MSc 1947?1949) and University College London (PhD 1949?1952), did postdoctoral research at Florida State University (1953?1954), and was a staff member at the University of Sydney, 1954?1967. In 1968, he moved to the Australian National University (ANU) as Professor of Chemistry, where he also became Dean of Science (1973), Deputy Vice-Chancellor (1977) and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Special Projects) (1989?1990). He was instrumental in setting up Anutech, the commercial arm of the University. He was a driving force behind the establishment of undergraduate and postgraduate engineering at the ANU. His research centred on electronic spectroscopy of pi systems.
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Huzjan, Vladimir. "O pokopanim vojnicima na varaždinskom groblju između dva svjetska rata". Istorija 20. veka 38, nr 2/2020 (1.08.2020): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2020.2.huz.61-84.
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U radu autor piše o pokopanim vojnicima srpske nacionalnosti na varaždinskom groblju između Prvog i Drugog svjetskog rata. Od ukupnog broja pokopanih vojnika srpske nacionalnosti gotovo svi su bili vojnici Kraljevine SHS/Jugoslavije. Podaci su preuzeti iz knjiga Grobni očevidnik (1919.-1939.) i Grobni očevidnik (1940.-1949.) koje čuva gradska komunalna tvrtka Parkovi d. d. Za svakog pojedinog vojnika poznat je identitet, a popis se nalazi u prilogu.
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Kučić, Juraj. "Prof. Dr. Zdravko Kučić (1910. – 1961.), organizator bolničke službe u poslijeratnoj Rijeci". Acta medico-historica Adriatica 16, nr 2 (2018): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31952/amha.16.2.9.
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Dr Zdravko Kučić was born in Bakar on 11 April 1910. In1928 he finished the Gymnasium in Sušak and graduated from the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade in1934. After completing the internship in Zagreb, he worked at the General Public Hospital “King Alexander I” in Sušak as a secondary doctor of medicine and later as an assistant at the Internal Department. In 1940 dr Kučić became the specialist of Internal medicine. Until August 1943 he worked at Sušak and Rijeka Department of Internal Medicine. Upon the unconditional surrender of fascist Italy in September 1943 dr Kučić joined the partisans in the National Liberation War (1941–1945) performing the most important duties at military sanitation departments. After demobilization from the Yugoslav Army in January 1946, he was appointed Head of Internal and Infectious Diseases Department in General Hospital “Sušak” and in 1948 the Head of Department of Internal Medicine in General Hospital “Rijeka”. In 1949 he was awarded the title “Primarius” of the Internal Medicine Department and the Director of the General Hospital “Rijeka”. Dr Kučić was a prominent figure on the political and social scene. Among many of his duties in the bodies of public authorities, he was also the head of the Healthcare and Social Welfare Committee in the City Council of Rijeka. For many years he was the main organizer of the post-war public hospital health in the City and County of Rijeka. Dr Kučić was particularly responsible for the founding of the Faculty of Medicine in Rijeka in 1955. In 1958 he was elected as an assistant professor and in 1959 as an associate professor at the Department of Internal Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka. He died in Rijeka on 21 October 1961.
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عبدالواحد عبدالنبي, احمد. "موقف صحيفة اليقظة من الاصلاحات العامة في بغداد 1946-1952". Al-Adab Journal 1, nr 120 (18.12.2018): 475–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i120.299.
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لقد تناول بحثنا الموسوم بــ (موقف صحيفة اليقظة من الاصلاحات العامة في بغداد 1946-1952) جملة ﻣن اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﻊ واﻟﺣوادث اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾﺔ ذات البعد الاجتماعي والسياسي والاقتصادي والاصلاحات العامة اﻟﺗﻲ مرت على مدينة بغداد في مرحلة العهد الملكي خصوصاً المواقف الواضحة لصحيفة اليقظة البغدادية والتي تناولت على صدر صفحاتها الاولى الواقع السياسي والأحوال العامة في بغداد للفترة موضوعة البحث 1946-1952. لقد جاءت الدراسة لتشمل مدخلا ومقدمة عن صحيفة اليقظة منذ التأسيس ثم انطلقت بمباحث رئيسية ، المبحث الأول كان عنوانه (موقف صحيفة اليقظة من الاصلاحات العامة في بغداد1946-1948) مع عناوين فرعية تدرس مواقف صحيفة اليقظة تاريخيا بشي من التفصيل وكما يلي (موقف صحيفة اليقظة من الحريات العامة ، موقف صحيفة اليقظة من الانتخابات النيابية لعام 1947، موقف صحيفة اليقظة من وثبة كانون الثاني والانتخابات النيابية لعام 1948). اما المبحث الثاني فجاء مكملاً من الناحية التاريخية للفترة 1949-1952 بعنوان (موقف صحيفة اليقظة من الاصلاحات العامة في بغداد 1949-1952) مع عناوين متفرعة من المبحث الثاني تناولت (موقف صحيفة اليقظة من هيمنة السلطة التنفيذية على باقي السلطات، موقف صحيفة اليقظة من الانتخابات واصلاح القضاء، موقف صحيفة اليقظة من الإصلاح الاقتصادي والاجتماعي 1949-1952، الموقف من الاصلاحات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في بغداد، الموقف من انتفاضة تشرين الثاني عام 1952) . وقد اعتمدت الدراسة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ مهمة ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر واﻟﻛﺗب اﻟوﺛﺎﺋﻘﯾﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ واﻟﻣﺗرﺟﻣﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧب ﻋددا ﻣن اﻟرﺳﺎﺋل واﻻطﺎرﯾﺢ اﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﯾﺔ ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋن اعداد كثيرة لصحيفة اليقظة جرى اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة ﻛﻼ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺿﻣن اﻟﻔﺗرة اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾﺔ ﻣوﺿوع اﻟﺑﺣث .
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Beldiman, Corneliu. "Arhimandritul Gherasim Iscu – mărturisitor și mucenic creștin ortodox în închisorile regimului comunist. Evocare la 110 ani de la naștere (1912-2022)/Archimandrite Gherasim Iscu – Orthodox Christian confessor and martyr in the prisons of the communist regime. Evocation on the 110th Birth Anniversary (1912-2022)". ANGVSTIA 26, nr 1 (30.12.2022): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36935/angvstia_v26_2.
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Grigore Iscu was born on 21st of January 1912 in Poduri village, Bacău County. In 1924, he was chosen for the Orthodox faith as novice at Bogdana Monastery (Bacău County). During 1925-1942 he attended theological courses at high school and university. He was accepted as a monk at Tismana Monastery in 1932. He was ordained as hierodeacon and hieromonk. He became an abbot at Arnota Monastery (1937-1939) and was a librarian and an accountant at Cernica Monastery (1939-1941). During 1943-1945 he was a missionary priest of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Transnistria Region, protosyngellos and exarch of the monasteries from Oltenia Eparchy and an abbot of Tismana Monastery (1945-1948). He was a priest with an exceptional academic background and a very good administrator, with moral integrity and Christian awareness, he was much appreciated by the believers. He supported the National Anti-Communist Resistance Movement from Oltenia which was led by Ioan Carlaonț and Radu Ciuceanu. They intended to organise a logistic point of the Movement at Tismana Monastery, being in contact with several members of Craiova Resistance group. Gherasim Iscu was arrested by Securitate members at 26th of September 1948 and he started his martyrdom. He was subject of repeated hard violence during inquiry, then he was tried by Craiova Military Court and sentenced to ten years of hard prison for his activity within National Anti-Communist Resistance Movement from Oltenia (14th of June 1949). He was kept in detention at Craiova, Aiud prisons and The Danube-Black Sea Canal (Poarta Albă/White Gate) work camp where he was subjected an re-education regime based on extreme violence and torture. In these inhuman conditions he became very ill, being transferred to Târgu-Ocna prison hospital. He resisted to extermination regime and to investigations which also implied tortures, preaching the Christian-Orthodox faith and encouraging his suffering brothers. In 1951, on Christmas Night, after he confessed and offered the Holy Communion to a prisoner who had previously been his persecutor at Poarta Albă work camp, the protosyngellos Gherasim Iscu has gone to Heaven. In 2021, he was proposed to be sanctified by The Romanian Orthodox Church.
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MIYAZAKI, SILVIO YOSHIRO MIZUGUCHI. "Reforma monetária e fiscal para o combate à inflação no Japão pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial (1945-1951)". Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 12, nr 4 (październik 1992): 557–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31571992-0693.
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RESUMO Este artigo analisa o processo inflacionário japonês ocorrido no período após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, entre 1945-1950, suas causas e as políticas de estabilização, reformas monetárias e fiscais. Inicialmente, analisa as fábricas que aumentaram o nível de preços. As medidas adotadas para reverter esse processo foram divididas em dois subperíodos: fase 1 (entre 1946-1948) e fase 2 (entre 1949-1951). Essas políticas e reformas econômicas resultaram em uma estabilização econômica.
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Vorobeva, D. I. "The Personality of Sugihara Chiune (1900–1986) and the Preservation of Historical Memory of Him After World War II". Yearbook Japan 52, nr 1 (27.11.2023): 409–41. https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2023-52-409-441.
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The article is dedicated to researching the biography and historical memory of the Japanese consul in Lithuania in 1939–1940 and the only Japanese Righteous Among the Nations Sugihara Chiune, who issued 2139 transit visas to Polish and Lithuanian Jews from July to September 1940, which helped them escape the tragedy of the Holocaust in Lithuania after the German attack on the USSR.For the reader’s convenience, the work is divided into 5 parts. The first focuses on the stages of Sugihara’s career before his appointment as consul in Kaunas: his early biography (1900–1919), his study of Russian in Harbin (1919–1924), his work at the Japanese Consulate General (1925–1932) and the Manchukuo Foreign Ministry (1932–1935), his transfer to the Japanese Foreign Ministry in Tokyo (1935–1937), and his departure for a diplomatic mission in Finland (1937–1939). Along with a description of his professional development, an important place in this part is occupied by an analysis of Sugihara’s personal life and the process of shaping his views, which subsequently determined his willingness to act in a way that, at first glance, was not typical of a diplomat of militarist Japan.The second and third parts describe Sugihara’s activities in Kaunas (1939– 1940). Attention is paid both to his intelligence activities with the support of Polish agents and to his private life, the events of which developed Sugihara’s earlier capacity for sympathy for people of other nationalities. It also details the process of issuing transit visas to Jewish refugees, deliberately carried out in violation of Foreign Ministry instructions, as well as estimates of the number who left Lithuania thanks to Sugihara and describes their further journey.The fourth part, although small, covers a broad period in the life of the former Japanese consul in Lithuania: his work in Prague (1940–1941), Königsberg (1941), and Bucharest (1941–1944), internment and repatriation to Japan (1944–1947), work in various commercial firms (1947–1975) and the process of recognition as a Righteous (1984).Finally, the final part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of the historical memory of Sugihara in Israel, Japan, the USA, Poland, Lithuania, and Russia, as well as identification of the main differences in its nature and the reasons that determined this heterogeneity.
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Kabelková, Markéta. "Emil Axman ve službách Národního muzea". Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická 193, nr 1-2 (2024): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2024.001.
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Emil Axman in the Service of the National Museum The musicologist and composer Emil Axman (1787–1949) was one of the most important figures in the history of the music collection at the National Museum. Emil Axman was hired in 1913 by the National Museum to serve in an auxiliary position in the library, but from the beginning he was entrusted with tasks requiring expertise including the administration and cataloguing of the sheet music collection. In 1915, he was hired to the permanent position of librarian. In 1946 Axman succeeded at getting an independent music department established, and he became its first director. He is the probable author of the music department’s collecting policy, published in 1948. Axman bore the lion’s share of responsibility for the amassing of the extensive sheet music archive at the National Museum from the second decade of the 20th century and for the development of a broadly conceived collection policy for the music department, but his death in 1949 prevented him from realising his plans. Nonetheless, with minor additions and adjustments, his conception is in operation to this day, having served as a good basis for the documentation of Czech musical culture from the Middle Ages to the present day. In 1937–1938 and in 1944 he was the director of the library at the National Museum, and in 1945–1946 he was the director of the National Museum as a whole.
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Jaroszewski, Julian. "Sports competition among the Jewish population in Łódź in the years 1945–1949". Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 7, nr 4 (2024): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2024.04.03.
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The liberation of Łódź from German occupation enabled a revival of the Jewish culture, including physical culture. In the years between 1945 and 1949, Jewish people living in the city of Łódź reactivated their sporting movement. Jewish sport in Łódź did not achieve the pre-war level. The main reason was migration and a smaller Jewish population. The development of Jewish sport was adversely affected by lack of sports facilities and equipment and costly renovations of club rooms and sports fields. This resulted in the periodic suspension of sports training. The clubs that were formed: The Jewish Sports Club, Jewish Sports Club “Makabi”, Jewish Chess Club, Jewish Sports Club “Jedność” (“Unity”), Jewish Workers Sports Club “Gwiazda” (“Star”) competed as part of sports associations. The players of the Jewish Chess Club of Łódź were a match for the best in the country and the region. They won the Polish team championship twice (1946, 1947) and the City of Łódź championship (1947). Individually, the most successful player was Isaac Grynfeld, who won the 3rd place in the Polish championship (1946) and was 2-time Polish team champion. Among women, the Polish championship in 1949 was won by Róża Herman, PhD. The changes in Polish sport and the loss of cultural autonomy for Jews led to the dissolution of Jewish sports clubs in 1949. They were incorporated in Union Sports Club “Spójnia Solidarność” in Łódź and blended into the sporting movement created by the communist authorities.
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Пашко, Оксана. "«…Я НЕ ТРАЧУ НАДІЇ ПОТРАПИТИ ЯКОСЬ ДО КИЄВА»: АВТОБІОГРАФІЇ ІЄРЕМІЇ АЙЗЕНШТОКА (1931, 1946, 1949, 1975)". Сіверянський літопис, nr 1 (2.04.2024): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58407/litopis.240116.
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У статті проаналізовано п’ять україномовних автобіографій українського літературознавця Ієремії Айзенштока (1931, 1946, 1949, 1975) та неопубліковані листи вченого до українських колег 1920–1970-х рр. Цей матеріал дозволяє досягти головної мети, а саме реконструювати маловідомі, а то й зовсім не відомі сторінки життя вченого. Йдеться про співпрацю з біографічним словником ВУАН, який робився під керівництвом Михайла Могилянського кін. 1920 – поч. 1930-х рр., трагічні події «самокритики» серед науковців 1930-х рр., а також спробу дослідника повернутися в Україну 1946–1947 рр. та захистити докторську дисертацію, боротьбу з «буржуазними націоналіста-ми та космополітами» (1946–1949). Методологія. У статті авторка спирається на культурно-історичний підхід до вивчення літератури. Наукова новизна полягає у введені до наукового обігу невідомої раніше автобіографії І. Айзенштока, аналізі великого комплексу листування вченого з українськими радянськими літературознавцями. Зроблена в статті реконструкція історико-культурного контексту написання україномовних автобіографій І. Айзенштока дозволяє виявити важливі події наукового життя вченого та зробити висновки про те, що деякі епізоди своєї наукової кар’єри він свідомо замовчував. Насамперед йдеться про процеси «самокритики» 1930-х рр., «чистки» наукових установ та знищення літературознавчих шкіл в Україні, репресії кінця 1940-х рр. Приклад І. Айзенштока демонструє, як в 1940-х рр., у період «боротьби з буржуазним націоналізмом та космополітизмом», вивчення компаративістики замінювалося виконанням партійних директив.
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Fodor, István. "Méri István és középkori régészeti falukutatásunk születése". Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae 2013 (17.01.2013): 197–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.54640/cah.2013.197.
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Méri István szegény parasztcsaládból származott, nagy nehézségek árán végezte el a középiskolát, majd 1932-ben a Nemzeti Múzeumba került, ahol restaurátor lett, nyaranként őskori ásatásokon dolgozott. 1942-1944-ben Kolozsváron az Erdélyi Tudományos Intézet munkatársa lett, itt végezte első középkori ásatásait (Kidé, Kolozsvár-Fő tér). Egyetemi tanulmányait Budapesten és Kolozsváron végezte. 1945 után a Néptudományi Intézet, majd 1949-től a Nemzeti Múzeum munkatársa. 1948-49-ben Túrkeve-Móricon tár fel későközépkori falutelepülést, majd 1950-51-ben Tiszalök-Rázompusztán hazánkban elsőként tárja fe l egy> Árpád-kori falu jelentős részét. Ezzel az ásatással és dolgozataival ő teremti meg hazánkban az Árpád-kori falukutatás elméleti és gyakorlati alapjait. Az ötvenes években az ELTE-n oktatja a hallgatókat, megteremti a falukutató régészeti iskolát. Az Orosháza-kardoskúti ásatása (1955-57) feldolgozásában kijelöli falufeltárásaink helyét a nemzetközi kutatásban. Felismerései máig nem évültek el, falukutatóink élvonala az ő nyomdokain halad.
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(Oleksii) Bozhko, Hieromonk Mitrophan. "Archpriest Serhii Afonskyi (1889–1963)". Kyiv Historical Studies 12, nr 1 (2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2021.115.
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The article examines the life of Kyiv Archpriest Serhii Afonskyi based on the integrated use of archival and published materials, including memories of his family members and contemporaries. It reveals Serhii Afonskyi’s family connections with well-known representatives of the Kyiv clergy and gives the main milestones of his formation and service as a priest. The study pays special attention to his academic activity at the Kyiv Theological Seminary during 1947–1960s. As a rector (December 23, 1946 — December 30, 1949), Archpriest Serhii Afonskyi solved all economicadministrative and educational-methodological issues, and recruited students for the seminary. Twice during his rectorship, he had to remake unsuitable premises for the seminary’s auditoriums and dormitories: first time in the monastic cells of St Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery in 1946–1947 and the second time in the stylobate of St Andrew’s Church in 1949. As chief of the library (December 1949 — December 20, 1952), he worked to increase its collection and to get it registered with government agencies. However, during all the years the Kyiv Theological Seminary existed in the Soviet Union, teaching was the most important task of Archpriest Serhii Afonskyi. In different years he taught catechism, dogmatic theology, and the Holy Scripture of the Old and New Testaments. As a pastor and pedagogue, he spiritually and intellectually shaped the personalities of future priests in the difficult conditions of a totalitarian atheistic regime. Alongside the performing academic duties, Serhii Afonskyi carried out no less important ministry: he served as the first priest in Kyiv Protection convent since 1948.
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Mederos Martín, Alfredo. "La trayectoria científica de Augusto Fernández de Avilés y Álvarez-Ossorio, director interino del Museo Arqueológico Nacional". Lucentum, nr 37 (8.12.2018): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/lvcentvm2018.37.17.
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Augusto Fernández de Avilés fue nombrado Director del Museo Arqueológico de Murcia en 1931 y Profesor Ayudante de la universidad entre 1931-36. En Murcia comenzó a colaborar con Mergelina como codirector de la excavación de la necrópolis ibérica del Cabecico del Tesoro entre 1935-36. Sobre este tema intentó elaborar una tesis doctoral, pero Mergelina prefirió que la tesis fuese para su ayudante, Nieto Gallo, al que cedió la dirección de campo de las excavaciones. En 1941 consiguió el traslado al Museo Arqueológico Nacional, colaborando en las excavaciones de Taracena en Vizcaya y la Rioja (1942-1946). Al mismo tiempo, estrechó su relación con García y Bellido, su nuevo director de tesis doctoral, que lo incorporó como Profesor Ayudante de Arqueología (1942-45, 1948-49), Secretario de la revista Archivo Español de Arqueología (1946-58), Jefe de Sección del Instituto Rodrigo Caro (1952-58), además de participar en las excavaciones de Iuliobriga (Santander) (1953-58) y Herrera del Pisuerga (Palencia) (1960-61). Su tesis doctoral sobre la escultura ibérica del Cerro de los Santos (Albacete) (1949) no le sirvió para conseguir la cátedra de Arqueología en Salamanca en 1949, donde no tuvo el apoyo de Taracena, pero le impulsó a excavar el Cerro de los Santos entre 1962-63. Al dimitir Navascués como director del Museo Arqueológico Nacional en 1966, fue nombrado director interino en abril de 1967, y se presentó al concurso convocado en julio. Contó con el apoyo de Nieto Gallo y Navascués, compitiendo con Almagro Basch, pero el cese de Nieto Gallo, y el nombramiento de Pérez Embid como nuevo Director General de Bellas Artes, en mayo de 1968, facilitó el nombramiento de Almagro Basch, aunque poco antes Fernández de Avilés había fallecido de una leucemia, con 60 años.
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KOZLOV, MIKHAIL V. "A replacement name for Nemophora divina Diakonoff, 1951 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae), a secondary junior homonym of Nemophora divina (Caradja, 1939)". Zootaxa 5231, nr 2 (27.01.2023): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.7.
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Caradja (1939) described a fairy moth (Lepidoptera: Adelidae) species, Nemotois divina, from Ho Shan, Shanxi province of China. The genus Nemotois Hübner [1825] is a junior subjective synonym of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Fletcher 1929; Janse 1945; Jacobs 1949; Diakonoff 1951; Powell 1969; Nielsen 1980), and the combination Nemophora divina (Caradja, 1939) was first proposed by Kozlov (1997). This action made Nemophora divina Diakonoff, 1951, described from Indonesia, a secondary junior homonym of Nemophora divina (Caradja, 1939). No synonyms are known for this junior homonym; therefore, a new replacement name is proposed according to ICZN (1999: Art. 60.3). This name is based on the same holotype as the replaced name (ICZN 1999: Art. 72.7).
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Susilo, Agus, i Sarkowi Sarkowi. "Sejarah Perjuangan Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Indonesia di Lubuklinggau Tahun 1947-1949". Diakronika 21, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/diakronika/vol21-iss2/198.
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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang Sejarah Perjuangan Indonesia: Kajian Historis Subkoss di Lubuklinggau Tahun 1947-1949. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Sejarah. Dalam metode penelitian Sejarah ini peneliti menggunakan beberapa langkah seperti Heuristik, Verifikasi Sumber (Kritik Intern dan Ekstern), Interpretasi, dan Historiogfari Sejarah. Sumber-sumber penelitian yang didapatkan melalui studi pustaka di Museum Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya berupa arsip-arsip Sejarah dan di Perpustakaan STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu a) Perjuangan Indonesia Dalam Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Tahun 1947-1949, yaitu setelah berusaha memerdekakan diri pasca Jepang menyerah kepada Sekutu, bangsa Indonesia berusaha untuk menjadi negara merdeka pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945. Namun langkah tersebut dicampuri dengan kedatangan Belanda yang berkeinginan berkuasa kembali di Indonesia. Sehingga terjadi perang kemerdekaan antara tahun 1947-1949. Peran Subkoss di Lubuklinggau Tahun 1947-1949 Sebagai Basis Pertahanan Indonesia di Sumatera Selatan, yaitu setelah sabotase pasukan Belanda terhadap pejuang kemerdekaan di Palembang maka pecahlah perang 5 hari 5 malam. Oleh akibat peperangan tersebut pasukan Indonesia di Palembang berusaha menyusun kekuatan dibeberapa daerah termasuk di Lubuklinggau. Di Lubuklinggau tahun 1947-1949 dijadikan pusat Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya Sumatera Selatan dalam menghalau serangan Belanda yang berusaha mengejar pasukan TNI dan laskar. Perjuangan Indonesia akhirnya berhasil dengan diakuinya kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1949 secara de facto dan de jure oleh Belanda dan dunia. Kesimpulannya adalah perjuangan Indonesia di Sumatera Selatan dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia berkobar dimana-mana. Belanda berusaha menguasai Sumatera Selatan secara keseluruhan dan membasmi para pejuang. Perjuangan Indonesia berhasil dengan kekalahan Belanda dan penandatanganan kemerdekaan Indonesia secara de facto dan de jure.
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Cook, Peter S. "The Early History of the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists and the Related Movement for Primary Prevention in Mental Health: Some Recollections". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, nr 3 (czerwiec 1996): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065006.
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Following his return to New Zealand from London in 1940, Dr C. M. Bevan-Brown gave lectures leading to the formation of the Mental Health Club. In 1946 this became the Christchurch Psychological Society. The New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists was formed at a conference in 1947 and held annual conferences for many years. In 1948 and 1949 training courses for doctors and medical students were conducted. To combat widespread ignorance, a series of pamphlets on various aspects of emotional health was published, and in 1950 a book on psychotherapy and primary prevention. These inspired the formation of Parents' Centres from 1951, which, as branches increased, led to the New Zealand Federation of Parents' Centres. They later gained official medical recognition and played an historic role in transforming some aspects of New Zealand culture and guiding institutions towards greater sensitivity to the emotional and mental health aspects of pregnancy, childbirth and early parent-child relationships. The influence of this movement continues.
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Zarria Ibarra, Zandor Emerson. "Plataformas modernizadoras en el periodo de José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1945-1948): revistas y proyectos intelectuales en una Lima democrática". Tesis (Lima) 12, nr 15 (1.07.2019): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/tesis.v12i15.18824.
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La investigación busca reseñar algunas de las más importantes plataformas modernizadoras que, mediante sus propios mecanismos de producción cultural, buscaron renovar el imaginario cívico, literario y artístico de la ciudad de Lima, correspondientes al periodo democrático de José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1945-1948). En primer lugar, desarrollamos algunas ideas sobre el contexto cultural de Lima en la época mencionada, además de ubicar las coordenadas ideológicas en que se ubican algunos intelectuales relevantes. En segundo lugar, planteamos una definición del concepto ‘plataforma modernizadora’. Finalmente, nos proponemos explicar los objetivos y el desarrollo de las siguientes plataformas modernizadoras o proyectos intelectuales de la época: la revista Las Moradas (1947-1949), la agrupación Espacio, la Peña Pancho Fierro (1936-1967), y las revistas El Correo de Ultramar (1947) y Mar del Sur (1948-1953).
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Medina, Rodrigo Nicolás. "Jefaturas Políticas Departamentales y los orígenes del peronismo en el interior del interior. Santiago del Estero (1943-1949)". Antigua Matanza 6, nr 2 (20.12.2022): 6–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54789/am.v6i2.2.
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En el presente artículo, nos proponemos realizar un recorrido por las Jefaturas Políticas Departamentales durante los orígenes y consolidación del peronismo en el interior de la provincia de Santiago del Estero, período 1943-1949. En este trabajo, se busca abordar el problema de los niveles locales a través del análisis de dichas instituciones. En un primer acercamiento, intentamos exponer la participación de estas en la estructura presupuestaria de la provincia, para luego avanzar en el análisis de su desempeño en los actos eleccionarios de 1946, 1948 y 1949, prestando especial atención a los reportes de la prensa local en el marco de las distintas campañas electorales. Desde allí, exploraremos el comportamiento de diversos agentes: dirigentes, funcionarios, interventores federales, así como también las tensiones, negociaciones y disputas facciosas por el control y la designación de los Jefes Políticos Departamentales en un proceso de creciente centralización que caracterizó al primer peronismo.
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FACHIN, DIEGO AGUILAR, MARCELA MARIA PARADA ZICHINELLI i BOLÍVAR RAFAEL GARCETE BARRETT. "An illustrated checklist of Stratiomyidae (Diptera: Brachycera) from Paraguay, with three new synonyms and 22 new records of species for the country". Zootaxa 5190, nr 1 (27.09.2022): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5190.1.1.
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The Stratiomyidae (Diptera) of Paraguay is cataloged and illustrated, and information is given on distributions, name-bearing types, synonyms, and pertinent literature. Previously to this study, the fauna of soldier flies in the country comprised 18 genera and 29 species, which has been raised up to 35 genera and 63 species, of which only nine are assigned to morphospecies level. The list of species is based on the examination of the original descriptions of all nominal species, all other references known to us containing taxonomic and distributional information, and new material examined from various collections. Images of 45 species are herein provided, which include type specimen images of seven valid species, of which three are exclusively found in the country. One subfamily is newly reported from Paraguay: Chrysochlorininae. Fourteen genera are newly reported from Paraguay: Acanthinomyia Hunter, 1900; Archistratiomys Enderlein, 1913; Auloceromyia Lindner, 1969; Chrysochlorina James, 1939; Gowdeyana Curran, 1928; Hoplitimyia James, 1934; Leucoptilum James, 1943; Neoberis Lindner, 1949; Myxosargus Brauer, 1882; Nothomyia Loew, 1869; Panacris Gerstaecker, 1857; Promeranisa Walker, 1854; Psellidotus Rondani, 1863; and Raphiocera Macquart, 1834. Twenty-two species are newly reported from Paraguay: Acanthinomyia elongata (Wiedemann, 1824); Archistratiomys rufipalpis (Wiedemann, 1830); Auloceromyia pedunculata Pimentel & Pujol-Luz, 2000; Chordonota inermis (Wiedemann, 1830); Chrysochlorina albipes James, 1939; Chrysochlorina incompleta (Curran, 1929); Gowdeyana vitrisetosus (Lindner, 1935); Hermetia flavipes Wiedemann, 1830; Hermetia pulchra Wiedemann, 1830; Hermetia teevani Curran, 1934; Leucoptilum plaumanni James, 1943; Merosargus cingulatus Schiner, 1868; Merosargus coxalis Lindner, 1949; Merosargus golbachi James in James & McFadden, 1971; Merosargus nebulifer James in James & McFadden, 1971; Merosargus obscurus (Wiedemann, 1830); Merosargus stigmaticus (Lindner, 1949); Neoberis brasiliana Lindner, 1949; Panacris nigribasis Lindner, 1949; Promeranisa nasuta (Macquart, 1850); Raphiocera armata (Wiedemann, 1830); and Sargus thoracicus Macquart, 1834. Four species are removed from the Paraguayan fauna: Cyphomyia albitarsis (Fabricius, 1805), Euryneura pygmaea (Bellardi, 1862), and Nemotelus niger Bigot, 1879 have no specimens known from Paraguay, so the inclusion of Paraguay in their distribution is a typing error; and Nemotelus eburneopictus James (1974) has its type locality corrected to Argentina. The examination of the material allows the proposition of three specific synonyms: Cyphomyia imitans Curran, 1925 syn. nov. of C. gracilicornis Gerstaecker, 1857, Panacris breviseta Lindner, 1964 syn. nov. of P. nigribasis Lindner, 1949, and Dicranophora brevifurca James, 1943 syn. nov. of Dicamptocrana jorgenseni Frey, 1934 (this species is newly recorded to Brazil, state of São Paulo), after removing D. brevifurca out of synonymy with Dicranophora bispinosa (Wiedemann, 1830). Additionally, a female lectotype is designated for Rhingiopsis enderleini Lindner, 1928.
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Галів, Микола, Олександра Свйонтик i Мирослав Ющишин. "СТУДЕНТИ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ТА УЧИТЕЛЬСЬКОГО ІНСТИТУТІВ У ЛЬВОВІ (1944‒1953 рр.): ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ, УМОВИ НАВЧАННЯ І ПОБУТУ". Problems of humanities. History, nr 10/52 (4.07.2022): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.10/52.257899.
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Анотація. Мета дослідження ‒ з՚ясувати чисельність та матеріальні умови життя і навчання студентів Львівського державного педагогічного інституту та Львівського державного учительського інституту у 1944‒1953 рр. Методологія дослідження спирається на принципи науковості, історизму, системності, авторської об՚єктивності, а також на використання загальнонаукових методів (індукції та дедукції, аналізу і синтезу) та спеціально-історичних методів (історико-системний, історико-генетичний, історико-типологічний). Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше здійснено аналіз матеріальних умов навчання і побуту студентів педагогічного та учительського інститутів Львова у перше повоєнне десятиліття (1944‒1953). Висновки. У результаті дослідження встановлено, що контингенти студентів ЛДПІ і ЛДУІ впродовж досліджуваного періоду поступово зростали. У 1944 р. прийнято 220 осіб, а на навчання зʼявилася лише 181 особа. Студенти перших курсів не були достатньо підготовлені, але на кінець навчального року 12 студентів ЛДПІ були повними відмінниками. Кількість студентів у ЛДПІ на 1946–1947 н. р. сягнула 443 особи. Дисципліна студентів була невисокою: багато з них відкладали виконання завдань і підготовку до екзаменів на кінець семестру, відвідуваність занять не перевищувала 90 %. Щороку певну кількість студентів заарештовували органи держбезпеки за «український націоналізм». План набору студентів на 1950–1951 н. р. був виконаний повністю із великим конкурсом на історичному та біологічному факультетах. За цей навчальний рік 132 студенти вступили до комсомолу, з них 118 – уродженці Західної України. Навчальний корпус ЛДПІ та ЛДУІ мав 138 кімнат. Початково у ньому містився навіть гуртожиток. У звʼязку зі збільшенням контингенту студентів, будівля вже на 1948–1949 н. р. виявилася замалою. У ній не було лекційних аудиторій, де можна було б помістити понад 50 осіб. Бібліотеку інституту після війни комплектували заново: на 1947 р. вона налічувала близько 40 тис. томів, на 1951 р. – 71,5 тис. Їдальня інституту утримувалася трестом їдалень та ресторанів. Стан гуртожитків був критичним. На 1950 р. проблема гуртожитку посилилася. На 700 студентів, які потребували житла, студентський гуртожиток міг забезпечити його тільки 265 особам. При інституті до 1949 р. діяло підсобне господарство (52 га землі), а згодом ботанічний сад площею 3 га.
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BORGES, ZULEICA M., i MARCIA S. COURI. "Revision of Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Brazil with synonymic notes, identification key to the species and description of three new species". Zootaxa 2179, nr 1 (6.08.2009): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2179.1.1.
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Toxomerus Macquart (Diptera: Syrphidae) species from Brazil are revised, including the examination of most of the types. Thirty six species are confirmed. Twenty seven are synonymized: T. dispar (Fabricius, 1794) [=T. vicinus (Macquart, 1846), T. tridentatus (Rondani, 1868) T. annulifer (Bigot, 1884), T. ruficaudatus (Bigot 1884), & T. triangulatus (Hull, 1942)], T. duplicatus (Wiedemann, 1830) [=T. vatius (Walker, 1852), T. gemini (Hull, 1941), T. arcturus (Hull, 1943), T. bipunctatus (Hull, 1943)], Syrphus basalis Walker, 1837 [=T. portius (Walker, 1852), T. rhea (Hull, 1949), T. harlequinus (Hull, 1951)], T. pictus (Macquart, 1842) [=T. jaguarinus (Bigot, 1884), T. maculatus (Bigot, 1884)], T. pulchellus (Macquart, 1846) [=T. punctatus Sack, 1921], T. virgulatus (Schiner, 1868) [=T. confusus (Schiner, 1868)], T. laenas (Walker, 1852) [=T. barbulus (Walker, 1852), T. nitidiventris (Curran, 1930), T. vitreus (Hull, 1941)], T. norma (Curran, 1930) [=T. mulio (Hull, 1941)], T. productus (Curran, 1930) [=T. triradiatus (Hull, 1942), T. camilla (Hull, 1951), T. cyrillus (Hull, 1951), T. vanessa (Hull, 1951)], T. watsoni (Curran, 1930) [=T. lanei (Hull, 1942)], T. steatogaster (Hull, 1941) [=T. steatornis (Hull, 1943)], T. idalius (Hull, 1951) [=T. eurydice (Hull, 1951)]. Two new combinations are presented: Mesogramma apegiensis Harbach, 1974 (=Toxomerus apegiensis) and Syphus basalis Walker, 1837 (= Toxomerus basalis); six new records for Brazil are included: T. difficilis (Curran, 1930), T. idalius (Hull, 1951), T. productus (Curran, 1930), T. purus (Curran, 1930), T. sylvaticus (Hull, 1943) and T. undecimpunctatus (Enderlein, 1938). Three new species are described: Toxomerus mosaicus, Toxomerus papaveroi and Toxomerus paraduplicatus.
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Musofa, Ahmad Abas, Uswatun Hasanah i Rony Wirachman. "Indera Tjaja: Kiprah dan Perjuangannya dalam Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945-1949". Tsaqofah dan Tarikh: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sejarah Islam 8, nr 2 (9.01.2024): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ttjksi.v8i2.12288.
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Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melacak jejak-jejak perjuangan Indera Tjaja dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945-1949. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah melalui empat tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kiprah Indera Tjaja dimulai sebagai residen pertama Bengkulu pada tahun 1945–1946. Selanjutnya Indera Tjaja diperbantukan pada gubernur Sumatera di Pematang Siantar dalam jabatan wakil gubernur Sumatera. Jatuhnya Pematang Siantar pada agresi militer Belanda I tahun 1947 Indera Tjaja mengungsi ke Medan, langsung membentuk organisasi yang bernama front national untuk menghadapi penjajahan Belanda waktu itu. Dalam perundingan Renville Indera Tjaja sebagai anggota delegasi Indonesia. Pada agresi militer Belanda II masa Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia dipercaya menjadi Menteri Perhubungan dan Kemakmuran serta bersama-sama pasukan TKR/TNI bergerilya dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan.